JAN. 26. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
31 
frdjait (tub Saibiu. 
HORTICULTURE IN N. Y. CITY. 
Although in this goodly city we have very 
little land to cultivate, yet somehow or other we 
manage to make as much stir in the world as 
many other localities which can boast of broader 
if not fairer acres. And in the fear that the 
worthy editor of the Rural and numerous old 
friends among its readers, will fail to remember 
me for “ auld lang syne,” I will under a familiar 
signature, briefly refer to some of the Horticul¬ 
tural movements in and around this city. 
The Hew York Horticultural Society has 
passed through a most creditable and successful 
season, under the auspices of its energetic Pres¬ 
ident, Wilson G. Hunt, Esq., one of our mer¬ 
chant princes, and that devoted and intelligent 
Horticulturist, Pp:ter B. Mead, Esq., its accom¬ 
plished Secretary. Everything undertaken has 
passed off and closed up with decided eclat .— 
The several Exhibitions have been held in the 
spacious rooms—generously tendered for the 
occasion—of the Mercantile Library Association 
and the Young Men’s Christian Association in 
Astor Place, and have presented large and select 
varieties of the choicest plants of our Green 
Houses and Gardens, arranged in such a manner 
as to make it a delightful visit notwithstanding 
the constant thronged condition of the rooms. 
Such distinguished men as the Rev. Dr. Osgood 
and Wm. C. Bryant, the Poet, have been their 
orators at the close. 
Mr. Mead and a few of his spirited associates 
have most liberal plans for the future of the 
N. Y. Horticultural Society if they are enabled 
to carry them out. They wish to obtain some 
of the fine acres of the great Central Park on 
which to locate such a Garden of Plants as shall 
be a credit to the Metropolitan City. The origi¬ 
nal plan of the park contemplates such a dispo¬ 
sition of a part of it, and if the city but respond 
in the necessary means, the Hew York Horticul¬ 
tural Society have the skill and enterprise that 
can accomplish it. 
The Brooklyn Horticultural Society, we fear, 
have disappointed our raised hopes of their Bo¬ 
tanical Garden on a splendid scale, by a misun¬ 
derstanding which has resulted in the with¬ 
drawal as we understand, of the $50,000 sub¬ 
scription. In the interim they have pursued the 
even tenor of their way, and held several suc¬ 
cessful exhibitions. 
The American Institute held its Annual Ex¬ 
hibition during’'several weeks, in the Crystal 
Palace, in October, and received upwards of 
$27,000 for more than 100,000 admission tickets, 
leaving a net profit of about $6,000. It. is a 
very fine place for such an exhibition—the only 
one where the crowd does not make it uncom¬ 
fortable. The show of fruits at the Institute 
Fair was very large and fine, and in all its de¬ 
partments it was highly satisfactory. So well 
pleased were the Managers with the Palace that 
they have negotiated for its purchase, but the 
contingency of an act of the Legislature, the 
Common Council, and the raising of some $40,- 
000 by subscription, leaves the matter as yet 
an open question. 
We earnestly hope their purposes can be real¬ 
ized, for they would be glad to fill it with choice 
trees, shiubs and plants, and make it one of the 
most splendid Green Houses and Gardens for 
Exotics, ifec., in the world, and keep it open to 
the public on perpetual exhibition at the low 
admission of sixpence or ten cents. Under etfi- 
cient regulations this would be indeed a great 
boon to the city of Hew York. We are not 
without the hope that it may be accomplished. 
Before closing this rapid sketch of our doings 
and plans, I must add but a word about Straw¬ 
berries, otherwise I fear my old friends will de¬ 
clare the initials a forgery. In the first place 
I have never yet seen any part of our country 
produce as large, fine fruit, or so large crops, as 
in the vicinity of your goodly city—Rochester. 
The wet season has produced us an abundance 
of the fruit, such as it was — our city is mostly 
supplied in market with the Crimson Cone and a 
few choicer kinds ; but our best Plortieultural 
Exhibitions even, will scarce exhibit more than 
a half dozen common varieties, and those in 
such meager quantities and indifferent speci¬ 
mens as to make me perfectly ashamed of them, 
when I remember the splendid shows in years 
past of Messrs. Ellwangr cfc Barry, Messrs. Bis- 
sell <fe Hooker and others, on the tables of the 
Horticultural Society of the Genesee Valley.— 
So, give me Western New York in strawberry 
time. ” r. g. r. 
THE SCALY APHIS. 
The bark louse in many of our orchards con¬ 
tinues to spread — the trunk and branches of 
some trees are completely covered with this 
scaly aphis, and growth has ceased. The best 
known application is equal parts of tar and 
linseed oil, put on with a brush. The tar paint 
should moderately warm, and put on the trunk 
and large branches. We have seen trees in the 
summer that had been painted the previous 
winter, and some of the buds and spurs were 
closed by the paint; on the largo limbs and 
trunk the paint was peeling off, leaving a 
healthy bark, and the trees had again com¬ 
menced a vigorous growth. 
If trees were planted on a suitable soil, and 
received proper care, and culture, they would 
not become lousy trees. Trees are frequently 
planted too deep ; our subsoil is often a clayey 
loam, in wet weather as sticky as putty. It is 
easier to throw a furrow towards a tree than 
plow a furrow away, and the plow sometimes 
runs too deep, cutting off the roots near the 
surface. When a tree is a few years old the 
bark hardens, and if the soil is raised at the 
base it has not power to throw out new roots.— 
i a i 
THE LAWTON BLACKBERRY. 
In reply to a request for some account of the 
New Rochelle, or Lawton Blackberry, we give the 
above engraving, including in our description 
some remarks on the Blackberry, botanically 
and practically considered. 
In the Hatural Order Rosaccae, which includes 
the Rose, with its numerous distinct species and 
almost countless varieties, is found—in company 
with the Strawberry, and other favorites—the 
family of Rubus, a genus including the Rasp¬ 
berry, Blackberry, Dewberry, <fec. The High 
Blackberry is known as Rubus Villosus, but the 
tendency to vary in the Rosaceous Order, pre¬ 
vails largely, and the forms of Blackberry 
wherever it is found, often show this. The New 
Rochelle, first noticed by Mr. Secor, of that lo¬ 
cality, is said to be one of these varieties, which 
are occasionally found among the common sorts, 
but how valuable or how distinctly marked, we 
have yet had scarcely sufficient opportunity to 
determine. 
The robust habit of growth of the Lawton 
Blackberry, has often been equaled by the com¬ 
mon High Bush. The fruit, however, has gone 
far beyond it, both it size and quantity, and 
that for several seasons. This is its only claim, 
as far as we know, to the honor of being esteem¬ 
ed a new and distinct variety. We still have 
doubts as to its retaining its character for size 
and fruitfulness—doubts based upon the failure 
of many similar attempts at improvement by 
cultivation, and their impatience of removal.— 
Still, as we have seen and eaten of the Laicton 
Blackberry, and know that it has been success¬ 
fully cultivated in several instances, we would 
not say that iL may not prove what it is repre¬ 
sented. The fruit was large and pulpy, the 
seeds less prominent than in the common vari¬ 
ety. We learn from those who have grown it 
that to ensure such fruit as has been exhibited, 
and as our cut represents, the ground must be 
cultivated well, manured highly, and the plants 
have plenty of room. 
The other kinds of the Blackberry in cultiva¬ 
tion, are the Improved High Bush, and Needham's 
White ; the first closely approaches the Law- 
ton in appearance. The White had also a high 
reputation, but it was a transient one. We hope 
the variety now brought so prominently before 
the public, will prove all that its spirited culti¬ 
vators desire, and of permanent value to the 
lovers of this delicious fruit. 
We often see lousy trees standing in grass, or 
where they receive no culture. We have seen 
infested trees receive good culture, the soil 
deepened at a distance from the trees, to drain 
it, (under the clayey soil, two feet from the 
surface, was gravel,) the roots were kept near 
the surface, and the lice for three years have 
been gradually disappearing. 
Waukesha, Wis., Dec., 1855. J. A. Carpenter. 
ANNIE’S GARDEN. 
A writer in the Homestead tells the following 
pleasant and instructive incident: 
“ Annie was pale. She grew thin. ‘ Out 
door exercise may help her,’ said the doctor. 
She had not heard his opinion, nor did she feel 
anxious about health. She was too thoughtless 
and gay. Her heart bounded with joy at per¬ 
mission to walk out as much as she pleased, 
* Oh, father,’ said she, after a regular romp in 
the fields with one of her little brothers, ‘ I wish 
you would give me a garden.’ A half rod of 
ground in her father’s garden was soon at her 
disposal, ‘ to be wasted for her amusement.’ 
“ Annie had her own plans, and carried them 
out with wit beyond her years. Her next walk 
was to an old gardener, who, in answer to her 
questions, told her about the effects and cost of 
guano, and contracted to sell her a few pounds. 
The hired man was let into the secret, and pro¬ 
cured them for her, and dug them carefully into 
her bed unbeknown to her parents, who were 
too old-fashioned to take an agricultural news¬ 
paper, or use modern improvements. Annie 
sowed flowers, and one row of carrots, and two 
beet beds, a few parsnips, a few turnips, two 
beans, two peas, and several other garden vege¬ 
tables ‘in pairs, for fun,’ as she said. Her 
garden was well weeded. She was there early 
and late. How it grew ! Everybody admired 
it. Her father wondered. But it remained a 
mystery how she succeeded so well, till Octo¬ 
ber. When her beets and carrots came in so 
much larger than all her father’s, she told him 
of her guano. Her cheeks had become full and 
rosy. Her father purchased the next year some 
dozen bags of guano." 
onus Hr f nranmy. 
To Color Nankeen.— Obtain at the tannery 
a quantity of ground bark which soak in brass 
or copper over night; boil it smartly in the 
morning, wet your things to be colored, in alum 
water, put them in and give them a good boil¬ 
ing, some lye or soft soap added will make them 
much darker. By using copperas instead of alum 
you can make a very fashionable color between 
a drab and a slate.—W. G. Coryell, Hooper’s 
Valley, N. Y. 
To Preserve Whites of Eggs. —On ship¬ 
board, seamen are often under the necessity of 
drinking muddy coffee having nothing to clari¬ 
fy the same. They can be preserved by the 
following simple process. Place the whites in 
a large flat dish, and expose them to a heat 
for ten or fifteen hours. As the water evapo¬ 
rates the albumen forms a yellow, transparent, 
hard and brittle mass. This scales off, when 
touched. These scales should be kept dry, by 
being kept in a bottle. When to be used, a 
piece as large as a sixpence put into a little 
boiling water, and added to three ounces of 
coffee, or rather the liquor from three ounces of 
coffee, will render it clear and transparent in a 
few minutes. 
Remedy for Charted Hands. —W. Burns, in 
the Maine Farmer says, on the subject:—“ Be¬ 
ing a blacksmith, I have been much troubled 
with chapped hands in the fall and winter. I 
have found a complete remedy, which is simply 
this : wash with Castile soap and fine sand, 
scour the thick rough skin down thin, and the 
remedy is complete. I often use sand paper 
with like good effect. Try it,” 
To Boil Meat. —If you wish to boil meat for 
soup, put it in cold water, and the juice of the 
meat will infuse as it boils ; but to boil corned 
beef, or to “pot” a piece of beef, never put 
them in cold water, as much of the juice of the 
meat is lost in the pot liquor.— Family Circle. 
LIST OF PATENTS, 
Digued from the United States l’ntcnt Office for the 
week ending January 1, 185(5. 
Pliilo Brown, Waterbary, Conn., improvement in furnace 
for soldering. 
Nathan Chapman, Mystic River, Conn., improved chain 
for power press. 
James Cochrane, New York, improved method of opera¬ 
ting and lubricating slide valves. 
Richard M. Cole, Reading, Pa., improvement in brick 
presses. 
Geo. W. Cooper, Ogeechee, Ga., improvement in plows. 
John J. Crocker, Utica, improvement in safety guard for 
railroad cars. 
Benjamin Fenn., Hartford, Ohio, windmill. 
Geo. P. Gordon, New York, improved printing press. 
Benj. Groomes, Cumberland Township, Pa., improvement 
in repeating fire-arms. 
Elijah Holmes, Lynn, Mass., spoke shave. 
Walter Hunt, New York, improvement in shirt collars. 
Waterman B. Johnson, Sandwich, N. II., improvement 
in machines for pegging boots and shoes. 
Moses W. S. Kendall, Cincinnati, improvement in smoke 
houses. 
Phineas I,. Slaylon, Madison, Ind., improvement in sew¬ 
ing machines. 
Daniel Liebee, Middletown, Ohio, improved gold amalga¬ 
mator. 
Charles N. Lewis, Seneca Falls, improved pumps. 
Orson E. Mallory, Castile, N. Y., improved machine for 
making eave troughs. 
John IL Manny, Rockford, Illinois, improvement in har¬ 
vesters. 
Thomas R. Markillie, Winchester, Illinois, improved bed 
for lath sawing machines. 
Joseph Marsh, Rochester, improved sash-lock. 
James Neal and Charles W. Emery, Boston, pumps. 
I. J. Oldis, Wheeler, N. Y., improved padlock. 
Jos. Peevy, Passadumbeag, Me, improvement in hay and 
cotton presses. 
Charles Robinson and Charles T. Chester, N. Y., im¬ 
provement in automatic electrical circuit breakers. 
Thomas Stubblefield, Columbus, Ga., improvement in 
steam boiler alarms. 
John C. Smith, Camden, N. J., improvement in repeat¬ 
ing magazine fire-arms. 
Ira F. Thompson, New York, improvement in velocime- 
ters for vessels. 
Geo. W. N. Yost, Port Gibson, improvement in grain 
binders for harvesters. 
Andrew II. Ward, Jr., Boston, improvement in composi¬ 
tions for treating wool. 
Hiram C. Wight, Worcester, improved arrangement of 
feed rollers for planing machines. 
Geo. Williamson, Brooklyn, hydro-pneumatic pump for 
diving bells. 
Joshua Turner, Jr., Charlestown, Mass., assignor to 
Warren Co veil, Dedham, Mass., improvement in the man¬ 
ufacture of leather shoe bindings. 
Cullen Whipple, Providence, assignor to the New Eng¬ 
land screw company, same place, improvement in screw 
machines. 
Philo Marsh, South Adams, Mass., assignor to himself 
and Shubael AV. Howland, South Acton, Mass., improve¬ 
ment in treating oils. 
George A. Clarke, Philadelphia, assignor to Wm. Clarke, 
same place, improvement in harvester raking apparatus. 
RE-ISSUES. 
Samuel Hurlbert, Ogdensburg, N. Y., improvement in 
plows. Patented Sept. 20,1853. Patented in Canada Sept. 
20, 1852. 
DESIGNS. 
Samuel B. H. Vance, New York, assignor to Mitchell, 
Bailey & Co., State of Connecticut, design for hall pendants. 
Samuel B. H. Vance, New York, design for hall pendants 
or chandeliers. 
For the tceek ending Jan. 8, 1856. 
BeDj. F. Avery, Louisville, improvement in plows. 
N. Aubin, Albany, improvement in making illuminating 
gas. 
L. Barnes, Islep Township, improvement in harvesters. 
Chas. E. Brown, New York, improved mode of hanging 
double doors. 
S. W. Brown, Lowell, Mass., improvement in construct¬ 
ing the bottoms of ships and other vessels. 
It. Brady, New York, improved machine for sheet metal 
bending. 
I. Chase, Jr., Boston, improvement in coal scuttle covers. 
Geo. H. Clarke, East Washington, N. Y., improyement 
in bee hives. 
Edgar Conklin, Cincinnati, improvement in the form of 
building bricks. 
Dominique Emile Coatard, Boston, improvement in dis¬ 
infecting fecal matter. 
Thomas Davidson, Jr., Kensington, Pa., improvement in 
street paviDg machines. 
Jacob Erdle, West Bloomfield, N. Y., improvement in 
filing saws. 
Morris Falknan, New York, Morris Poliak, and Solomon 
Wiener, of Hoboken, N. J., improved watch-keys. 
L. H. Gibbs, New York, improvement in breech loading 
fire-arms. 
Charles Hammond, Philadelphia, improvement in attach¬ 
ing hammer heads to shafts. 
J. Harrison, Jr., Milwaukee, improvement in padlocks. 
Samuel R. Jones, Baltimore, improvement in peg cutters 
for boots and shoes. 
Geo. L. Jenks, Providence, improvement in machinery 
for making weaver’s harness. 
Joseph Johnson, New Orleans, improvement in manu¬ 
facture of hats. 
John F. Manalmn, Lowell, improved mode of burning 
fuel. Ante-dated July 8, 1855. 
Hiram B. Musgrave, Cincinnati, improvement in gas 
cooking stoves. 
Wm. C. Pancost, Geneva Township, O., improvement in 
cheese presses. 
Charles Phillips, Detroit, improved machine for loading 
dirt carts. 
Randall Pratt, of the Township of Marple, Pa., improve¬ 
ment in horse hay-rakes. 
J. J. Savage, of New York, improvement in excavating 
machines. 
C. D. Capyan, New Haven, Conn., for method of prevent¬ 
ing bank notes, &c., from being counterfeited. 
Gustavus Stone, Beloit, Wis., improvement in blades for 
mowing machines. 
Wm. Stoddard, Lowell, mortising machine. 
A. Straub, of Milton, Pa., improvement in machines for 
sawing marble obelisks. 
J. G. Snyder, Wheatfield, Pa., improvement in seeding 
machines. 
Abner Whiteley, Springfield, 0., improvement in candle 
sticks. 
Wm. E. Wyche, Brookville, N. C., improvement in culti¬ 
vating plows. 
G. W. N. Yost, Port Gibson, improvement in corn har¬ 
vesters. 
J. II. Merrill, Baltimore, improvement in fire-arms. 
Henry Pease, Brockport, N. Y., assignor to himself and 
J. Roby, of same place, improvement in mowing machines. 
John Reily, of Hart Prairie, Wis., assignor to Talbot C. 
Doneman, Ottawa, Wis., John Heath, Sullivan, Wis., and 
John Reily aforesaid, improvement in harvesters. 
S. H. Whorf, Roxbury, assignor to himself and C. Rice, 
Boston, improvement in the manufacture of boots and shoes. 
RE-ISSUES. 
Nathan Chapman, Mystic River, Conn., improvement in 
cotton presses. Patented.Aug. 8, 1854. 
Wm. S. Loughborough, Rochester, machine for compos¬ 
ing and setting types. Patented Oct. 23,1853. 
Horace W. Peaslee, Menden Bridge, N. Y., improvement 
in machines for washing paper stock. Patented Jan. 23, 
1855. English patent dated Sept. 20, 1854. 
Abner Whitely, Springfield, Ohio, improvement in track 
clearers to grass harvesters. Patented Aug. 22, 1854. 
DESIGN. 
A. E. Witherill, Cincinnati, design for perfumery bottles. 
SOMETHING NEW ABOUT BREAD. 
Louis Napoleon, whom men begin to recog¬ 
nize as a Napoleonic sort of a man, in 1853 con¬ 
ceived the idea that it would be practicable to 
compress flour so as to diminish its bulk, and in 
that way facilitate its transportation, and yet 
not injure its quality. In July of that year an 
experiment was made by his command to test 
his views. Flour, subjected to a hydraulic 
pressure of 300 tons, was reduced in volume 
more than 24 per cent. On close examination, 
it was found to possess all the qualities it had 
previous to its violent treatment. It was then 
put into zinc boxes and sealed up. At the same 
time, other flour manufactured from the same 
wheat, but not compressed, was also sealed up. 
In October thereafter, several boxes containing 
both kinds of flour, were opened and examined. 
The pressed was pronounced to be tho best. 
Twelve months after this, in October, ’54, another 
examination took place, and with the same re¬ 
sult. I lie two kinds were then kneaded into 
loaves and baked. The pressed flour made the 
best bread. In March, ’55, more of the zinc 
boxes were opened, and on examination the 
loose flour showed mouldiness, while the pressed 
was sweet, and retained all its qualities. Made 
into bread, the same differences were observable. 
The Emperor has ordered experiments to be 
made at sea, as well as on land. Men-of-war 
are to take out both kinds of flour, and both are 
to be sent on sea voyages to hot and to cold 
latitudes, and examinations are to be made and 
recorded of the influence of climate and salt air 
upon each.— Albany Journal. 
GREAT CURIOSITY. 
The Smithsonian Institution has just suc¬ 
ceeded in obtaining for its library a rare and 
valuable book, printed in Low Dutch, and pub¬ 
lished in Regensberg in 1772. It contains spec¬ 
imens of paper from almost every species of 
fibrous material, and even animal substances, 
and has accounts of the experiments made in 
their manufacture. The following materials 
were employed, and specimens given in the 
book :—Wasps’ nests, saw dust, shavings, moss, 
sea-weed, hop and grape vines, hemp, mulber¬ 
ries, aloe leaves, nettles, seeds, ground moss, 
straw, cabbage stems, abestos, wool, grass, this¬ 
tle stems, seed wool of thistles, turf or peat, 
silk plant, fir wood, Indian corn, pine-apples, 
potatoes, shingles, beans, poplar wood, beech 
wood, willow, sugar cane, leaves of horse-chest¬ 
nuts, tulips, linden, &e., <fcc. 
This book is well worth inspection by those 
interested in the art of paper-making, as well 
as the scientific investigator. We are informed 
that the author of the book, Jacob Christian 
Schaffer, is an ancestor of Prof. Schaffer, one of 
the chief examiners of the United States Patent 
Office, Avho is himself one of the most scientific 
men of our country.— Washington Star. 
Rewards op Mechanical Genius. —The profits 
of some patents of mechanical inventions in use 
in this country are enormous. The Scientific 
American enumerates a few. The right to a 
portion of Ward’s patent shingle machine was 
recently sold in Albany for $35,000. A portion 
of Robertson’s sewing machine has also been 
sold for $30,000. This is an invention which 
can be carried in the pocket, and will enable a 
seamstress to do in one day the ordinary labor of 
a week. Machines of this kind are about to be 
constructed in Hew Haven, Conn., by the 
Messrs. Jerome, at $10 apiece; the manufac¬ 
turers are now constructing the machinery, and 
expect to sell orders in January. Howe’s patent 
sewing machine yields, it is said, $50,000 for 
licenses to use it, and Singer’s machine puts 
$75,000 into the pockets of the owners. Rights 
to the use of a corn planter have been sold to 
the amount of $30,000. Clark’s patent pump 
sold for $30,000. A portion of the right to an 
apple paring machine, $2,000. Creamer’s pat¬ 
ent car break, $200,000.— Selected. 
Patents Issued in 1855. — The whole number, 
of patents issued in the year 1855 was 1,943. 
The number for additional improvement was 
10, and the number of re-issues 49. The num¬ 
ber for designs, included in the totals above 
stated, was 67. The Fen and Lever gives the 
residence of the parties to whom patents were 
issued during the year, as follows :—New York, 
552; Massachusetts, 304 ; Pennsylvania, 237 ; 
Ohio, 133 ; Connecticut, 108 ; New Jersey, 82 ; 
New Hampshire, 47 ; Virginia and Illinois, each 
45 ; Indiana, 37 ; Maryland, 34 ; District of Co¬ 
lumbia and Vermont, each 33; Michigan, 29; 
Rhode Island, 26 ; Maine, 24; Kentucky, 23 ; 
Louisiana, 17 ; Wisconsin and England, each 15; 
France, 14 ; Alabama, 13 ; Delaware, Tennessee, 
Mississippi and Missouri, each 8; Iowa, 7; 
South Carolina and Georgia, each 6 ; California 
and Texas, each 5 ; Florida, 4; North Carolina, 
Canada and Prussia, each 3 ; Arkansas, Belgium 
and Germany, each 1. 
The huge propeller designed for the United 
States steam frigate Wabash was cast in Phila¬ 
delphia on the 20th inst. Thirteen and a half 
tons of metal were melted, comprising 25,000 
lbs. of copper and 2,500 lbs. of tin, being the 
heaviest cast of brass ever accomplished in that 
city. The weight of the propeller, when clean¬ 
ed, will be eleven tons. It has two blades, with 
a pitch of 22 feet, and a diameter of 17 feet 4 
1 inches.— Selected. 
£ f 
- h 
