,<•><•1.0.((x'l.'LCu 
FEB. 2. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND EMILY NEWSPAPER. 
fnljai^ ail'll ©Attmt. 
FRUIT CULTIVATION PROFITABLE. 
Tiie rapid progress of this comparatively 
young nation in wealth and social prosperity, 
has been due in a great measure to the bold¬ 
ness and enterprise of a few leading minds in 
each of ihe various departments into which arts 
and manufactures are divided. At the present 
day, this statement may not be admitted as cor¬ 
rect, since the mass of the people aie energetic 
and enterprising, and the community fully alive 
to mercantile and industrial interests. We will 
say then that a few leading minds first gave the 
impetus or took the initiative in all the great 
branches of trade which now flourish over the 
extent of this continent. These men in their 
day were in a great measure exposed to ridi¬ 
cule, charged with purely selfish motives, and 
checked in their efforts to point out the path to 
prosperity. So long, however, as they labored 
while they preached, so long as they acted in 
accordance with the advice tendered by them¬ 
selves to others, these taunts and insinuations 
fell harmless on their persevering spirits. At 
the present day there is no lack of public bene¬ 
factors still ready to lay before their fellow men 
the results of their experience in the various 
branches of art and science, while the number 
of the insinuators and detractors has not been 
diminished. No man of enlarged intellect or 
possessed of a progressive mind, having taken 
up any branch of business, but will aim to ele¬ 
vate and advance it; while in doing so he must 
also elevate and advance himself; and we 
should be pained to think that public spirit and 
a Avish to benefit the community in all cases, 
creeps behind that selfish spirit, Avhose sole aim 
is the accumulation of wealth without a thought 
of the effect produced on humanity or the social 
system of which each forms a part. Every high 
minded merchant, farmer or trader, will look 
beyond his own limited circle, and will endea¬ 
vor to make his calling minister to the good of all. 
But, Avhat can these reflections have to do with 
the Cultivation of Fruit? with the produce of 
ten acres of Orchard where there has been but 
one acre? with the planting of 1,000 trees for 
every ten tioav stretching forth their branches, 
or promising to bend with the weight of next 
autumn's offering. It has this to do with that 
very important subject,—that without co-opera¬ 
tion and associated energy no great results are 
ever attained, and until there be a union of the 
friends of the farmer, the farmers themselves, 
the land owners and the nurserymen or those 
who have trees for sale, our country will not 
progress in those arts and sciences devoted to 
the production of food from the soil as rapidly 
as it should. The arduous toiler will not be 
supplied with grain and fruit as fully as the 
wealthy merchant norv is. Nor will we see 
realized those glorious dreams of the eminent 
horticulturists who have spent their time and 
energy and lives in pointing out how fair and 
rich a country this of ours might be made. 
Several influent ial Societies are now exerting 
their influence over this continent not only to 
point out vihat may be done to enrich Its sur¬ 
face by the cultivation of luxuriant crops of 
delicious and healthful fruit, but exert what 
powers association can command, to teach every 
man who will hear, and read, how this may be 
done. Funds are collected, not to purchase fruits 
from 'cultivators, but to reward cultivators for 
raising them for their own benefit. The people 
want fruit to eat, hut cannot find any in the 
market; these Societies are endeavoring to pre¬ 
vail on land owners and farmers to raise it, that 
they may sell it to those Avho are waiting to 
consume it, and offer in the most liberal man¬ 
ner to explain to them minutely how this de¬ 
scription of farming may be carried out to 
advantage. Yet these benefactors appear to be 
engaged themselves in a measure, in this under¬ 
taking, and are accused of selfish motives, and 
doubt is attempted to be cast over their state¬ 
ments. From the earliest ages to the present 
day, fruits have been represented as indispen¬ 
sable to the health and prosperity of man ; to 
these the patriarchs of old were indebted for 
their healthy and protracted lives ; and who, in 
any age, ever refused the refreshing juice of 
the grape, the cooling apple and mellow pear, 
when overcome by the noonday heat, or ex¬ 
hausted by fatigue ? IIoav few of our hard¬ 
working mechanics can procure a pear in good 
condition at the same expense as a draught of 
noxious liquor may be obiained, and who will 
tell me that if the former were within his reach, 
he would always prefer the latter ? 
Fruit Cultivation must, in all fertile districts 
of this great country, proven source of national 
wealth ; for at this day, notwithstanding all 
the exertions even of those selfish and interested 
tcrcc growers, as avoII as the philanthropic and 
disinterested advocate of raising fruit in abun¬ 
dance for the poor as well as the rich — what 
humble worker in the field or workshop from 
November to June, can eat a good pear at a 
reasonable cost, or an apple from March t o June, 
unless he reside in some peculiar locality where 
fruits are raised, and the cultivator does not 
know how to market them ? 
Apples, we are informed, are too cheap in 
Western New York to remunerate the farmer 
better than those crops he has been cultivating 
for years (?) and latterly Avitli a very doubtful 
success,— while in other parts of the State 
where disease and death would lose; half their 
pain by the free use of these very fruits at all 
seasons of the year, and especially in the sum¬ 
mer season, they are beyond the reach of the 
mass of the inhabitants of our populous cities.— 
Let every reasonable impetus be given to the 
extensive cultivation of fruit in all localities ! 
suited tor that purpose, even though we find 
nurserymen amongst those who recommend it. 
At all events, let those avIio hesitate to believe 
the statements brought forward at the late meet¬ 
ing of flic Fruit Growers’ Association, coolly 
and impartially search for more accurate infor¬ 
mation, if it can be obtained ; but, above all, let 
them not condemn men Avho endeavor to pro¬ 
mote a healthful and profitable branch of domes¬ 
tic industry, because they have themselves 
engaged in a pursuit which they treely recom¬ 
mend to others.—s. 
CRACKING OP TH3 PEAR—THE VIRGALIEU. 
Eds. Rural :—I will state a case on which I 
would like information through your columns. 
Four years ago next spring, I planted an orchard 
of a few hundred Viryalieu pear trees (dwarfed 
on Angers quince stocks) together with various 
other varieties. J underdrained the land select¬ 
ed for my orchard, the soil being naturally rather 
moist, and a combination of clay, gravel, and 
muck—the subsoil a gravelly clay hard-pan.— 
Not a tree died of transplanting. I have plowed 
and hoed it every season, but planted nothing 
on it the last two years. Previously beans were 
groAvn upon the land. 1 manured it by a mulch¬ 
ing of a small wheel-barrow load of strawy ma¬ 
nure to every two trees, the first year applying 
it directly after harvest; the second year in the 
spring, and twice the amount. I have shortened- 
in the trees every spring, and they have grown 
finely, some trees having shoots five feet long, 
the groAvth of a single season. 
A year ago last summer, the trees bore a little 
more than a bushel of fruit, which was perfect. 
Last spring they set quite full, and appeared 
very thrifty, until the fruit was nearly as large 
as an egg plum, when I discovered dark scurvy 
spots upon them, and soon they began to crack 
open and dry up as they grew,—and the result, 
was an abundant crop of worthless fruit. There 
Avas not a perfect Viryalicu pear in the orchard, 
while other varieties bore perfect fruit, some of 
the trees having more than a half bushel each. 
Now I would like to know whether this Avas a 
disease to which the Viryalieu pear is subject, 
or an accidental occurrence, and if a disease, 
can it be remedied and how ? Perfect Viryalicu 
pears Avere groAvn in the neighborhood last fall, 
though some trees Avere affected like my own.— 
R. R., Arcadia, Wayne Co. 
Remarks. —The tendency of the Viryalicu to 
crack and rust has been observed by many cul¬ 
tivators, for some years past, until it is spoken 
of as a characteristic defect in that variety.— 
While in many soils and localities the Viryalieu, 
Avith proper cultivation, pruning and thinning, 
still produces perfect fruit in abundance—in 
certain soils and localities and with less careful 
management, it is not so productive, but is sub¬ 
ject to crack as our correspondent has described. 
To ensure for a number of years a full and 
perfect crop such as his trees on the quince 
stock produced one season, it is necessary that 
the soil should be of the best description, and 
free from an excess of moisture. The best pear 
soil is a rich loam not too stiff with clay, nor too 
light with sand, but a medium befAveen these 
tAvo. In a gravelly soil the quince stock will 
not succeed well, and especially if wot and 
mucky at the same time. Our opinion is—first, 
that Iris soil still continues rather wet below, 
and that although the trees grew luxuriantly, 
and in the dry season in which they bore a fair 
crop, the moisture did not prove injurious—yet 
Avlien there Avas a rather Avet season as the last 
Avas with us, this deficiency in the drainage 
proved injurious to the fruit. Secondly, it 
has been remarked that the White Doyenne or 
Viryalieu bears freely on the quince stock, when 
young, and if not carefully attended to in thin¬ 
ning, soon fails to produce perfect fruit, unless 
special attention is given to cultivate well and 
supply such constituents as the trees may draw 
upon largely. It may be that the roots have by 
this time reached the deficient soil below, and 
have come in contact with too much moisture. 
We would recommend him to examine the 
subsoil carefully and ascertain Avhether or not 
his drains have been effective. This may he 
done by digging several holed at some distance 
apart, about two feet deep, in the beginning of 
the spring season, and observing whether the 
water rises in them. It is somewhat difficult 
to determine precisely the cause of the rapid 
falling off in his once luxuriant trees, as culti¬ 
vators differ much in opinion as to the cause of 
the crackingof fruit. Some have recommended 
the application of iron to the soil in solution, 
using sulphate of iron or copperas when defi¬ 
cient in the soil itself,.and this has been found 
to give luxuriance to the tree. Some believe 
that the variety itself has deteriorated, but in 
this opinion wo do not .concur. Our belief is 
that the soil is not exactly suited to the pear 
on quince, being rather moist, and that it should 
be thoroughly drained and subsoiled to break 
up the hard-pan effectually. And it. may be 
lie allowed his young trees to bear too heavily 
the first few years. As many ol our correspon¬ 
dents have had experience in this matter, we 
hope the results will be furnished for the bene¬ 
fit of the inquirer and others interested.—s. 
WESTERN APPLES. 
The Sixth Session of the Ohio Pomoloyieal 
Society, took place at Cleveland on the 8th, 9th 
and 10th of January. From the proceedings of 
the second day as reported in the Ohio Farmer, 
avc gather the following notices of Western 
Fruits : 
Melt in the Mouth, a little apple presented by 
Mr. Elliott, is described as originally from 
Chester county, Pennsylvania; a pleasant fall 
apple, very melting and juicy ; a good bearer, 
and upright groAver; slim twig; small leaf; 
something like Jonathan in groAvtli of tree. It 
is of medium size, color red, some white spots. 
and of high flavor like the Spilzcnbcry. It grows 
on heavy clay soils, and will keep till March. 
Sweet Vandervere, presented by Mr. Edgerton, 
is grown in Belmont Co., on almost all kinds of 
soil, a good bearer but a poor grower, crooked ; 
round leaf. Mr. Elliott described it as of me¬ 
dium size ; slightly flattened ; yellowish color, 
overspread with dull red ; bronze russet about 
the stem ; calyx open ; flesh yelloAvish, or yel¬ 
lowish white ; a little dry; sweet; core me¬ 
dium ; seeds large. 
Myers' Nonparicl, first described .as the Ohio 
Nonpariel, Avas spoken of by different members. 
All pronounced it the best fruit they had ever 
tasted ; it had a sprightliness of taste, like the 
Ncvioum Pippin. The t ree has large leaves and 
dark foliage. 
Rome Beauty, a popular apple in Southern 
Ohio, was described by Mr. Wood as a large, 
fine, slioAvy apple ; good bearer ; trees of slen¬ 
der growth ; derived its name from Rome, Law¬ 
rence county, its place of origin ; healthy tree ; 
lie recommended it for cultivation. 
Polly Briylit, said to have come from Western 
Virginia, was described by Mr. Batkiiam as 
above the medium size ; roundish, flattened ; 
color, greenish yellow, Avith bronze blush; 
somewhat russety about the calyx and stem; 
flesh, Avhit.e ; sprightly, agreeable sub-acid fla¬ 
vor ; on the whole, a good apple. Growth slen¬ 
der ; middling upright. 
Sweet Winter Pennock, introduced by Mr. 
Edgerton, was described by him as follows: 
“Good, upright growth ; red bark ; foliage mid¬ 
dling large; trees in orchard assume pendant 
aspect; rather slender ; like Vandcrvere, form 
knots ; keeps avoII ; good bearer ; esteem it very 
much ; when trees arc well pruned, are very 
good.” 
Winter Sweet Paradise was presented by Mr. 
Batkiiam. His specimens were grown near Co¬ 
lumbus ; but the tree originated in Pennsylvania; 
he recommended it for general cultivation; a good 
grower; fair bearer and the best table apple 
he kncAV of. The Society joined in the com¬ 
mendation after full examination. 
Bently Sweet, Avas pronounced the longest 
keeping sAveet apple of the West, by Mr. Ed¬ 
gerton. 
Culp Apple originated in Jefferson Co. by a 
Mr. Culp, Avas pronounced by Mr. Wood avIio 
had cultivated it for several years, a valuable 
apple ; good grower, and a good bearer, though 
it does not come in bearing as soon as some 
others. It is a large, yelloAV apple ; oblong 
conical; numerously dotted witli russet and 
green specks; flesh Avhite and firm ; sub-acid 
flavor, and lightly perfumed. A good second- 
rate apple, in the opinion of the Convention. 
PutncyUc, originally from Western Virginia, 
presented by Mr. Wood, was decided unworthy 
of cultivation. It is described as of a medium 
size too large; roundish flattened ; color whitish 
yelloAV, Avith slight bronze blush ; numerous 
dark specks ; flesh white and rather coarse ; dry 
and acid ; flavor deficient. 
Grimes' Golden Pippin, also originated in Vir¬ 
ginia, Avas described by Mr. Batkiiam as of me¬ 
dium size, oblong flattened, color handsome pale 
yellow, flesh yellowish white, mild sub-acid 
flavor, good, though not quite first rate, less 
sprightly than Newtown Pippin. The general 
opinion Avas expressed that it was a good second 
rate apple. 
ftomiirtit fcfliioraij. 
Canvas Bags for Hams. —The folloAving di¬ 
rections are from the Louisville Journal : The 
hams should be avcII dried and smoked. If they 
are to be ].ut up for family use, bags made of 
i heavy cotton cloth, the shape of the ham, but 
something larger, Avitli a drawing string at the 
large end, are the most convenient, and may be 
used several years if taken care of. Cover the 
hams neatly Avith brown paper and drop them 
into the bag—draw up the end and hang them 
up in a cool, airy house. 
Or they may be covered with the paper as 
directed and the cloth cut to suit the size and 
form of the hams and then sewed firmly around 
them ; then prepare a box or large tub of Avliite- 
Avash, made of common lime, about the consis¬ 
tency of cream, and dip the hams into this; 
then hang them up and dry them. If a neater 
article is required for market, dip them into a 
wash made of whiting, to which should be ad¬ 
ded sufficient thin paste to set the whiting ; to 
this add chrome yellow to color to suit the fancy. 
Salt in Starch.— -The Homestead says that 
this addition to starch,while it gives the clothes 
a good appearance and makes them iron smooth, 
is destructive of the cloth, and should never be 
practiced. The same piece of linen was divided 
and used in two families, in one of which salt 
was added to the starch. In this family the 
linen failed very soon, while in the other it Avore 
remarkably. Other circumstances confirm the 
opinion that it Avas the salt that produced this 
result. We use it bit. of spermaceti, or a piece of 
lard as large as a small chestnut, in a quart of 
starch, and.consider it a great improvement. 
-- 
Souse.—B oil it until it is tender and will slip 
off the bone. If designed to pickle and keep 
on hand, throw it into cold Avater and take out 
the bones ; then pack it into a jar and boil Avith 
the jelly liquor an equal quantity of vinegar, 
salt enough to season ; cloves, cinnamon, pepper 
enough to make it pleasant, and pour it on the 
souse scalding hot, and when wanted for use, 
warm it in flic liquor, or make a batter and dfp 
each piece in, and fry in hot butter. This Avay 
is usually preferred, and is as nice as tripe.— 
Practical Cookery. 
M * UtV L 0 The first, viz., coke, is already put to the most 
lime MB, vYC. economical use as fuel, for Avhich it answers an 
admirable purpose. A large portion is used in 
-;- the furnaces of the gas works themselves, and 
LIST OF PATENTS, the surplus is sold to outside consumers. In 
Ikhuc. 1 from the United State. Patent Office for the this city th(J 8urp l us Cl ,ke j s readily disposed of 
week ending January IK, 1MK6. , ,, , ,. , , i i i rm 
at the works tor ten cents per bushel. The gas 
John Beattio, of Liverpool, England, for improvement to*' is put to various economical uses, such as 
in means for supporting the propeller shaft, and receiving the manufacture of benzole, roofing, cheap kinds 
the rudder of stern propellers. Patented in England, Sept. 0 f painting, and sometimes-as fuel; and it is 
\v^°*xr r w * r believed this article will, at a future day, be 
Win. H. Brown, of WorcoHter, for variable dial for di- 
vidingengines. used *° greater advantage and profit.— 
Jos. S. Brown, of Lowell, for improvement in exten- Lastly comes the refuse lime of the works, 
sion railroad car. which is used for purifying the gas ; and the 
Kam’l J. Chapman, of Charlestown, for machine for question arigegj what economical and profitable 
feeding sheets of paper to printing presses. , , . 
Jos. Cheever, of Boston, for improvement in apparatus USe can be made of thlS ? 0n] Y <me ail8Wer 
LIST OF PATENTS, 
Issued from the United St Jit CK Patent Office for tlio 
week ending January IK, 1SKO. 
5, 1850. 
Win. II. Brown, of Worcester, for variable dial for di¬ 
viding engines. 
Jos. S. Brown, of Lowell, for improvement in exten¬ 
sion railroad car. 
for curing varicocele, sterility, impotency, and other dis¬ 
eases of the genital organs. 
under present lights seems to be given to this 
question, and that is its application to land as a 
II. M. Clark, or New Britain, Conn., for improvement in manure. It is not, however, in many localities 
machines for heading bolts. , . , , , • ,• , ,, 
. . . used, even in that way, but is entirely thrown 
Hezekiah Grout, of Baltimore, for improvement in re- , J J 
movable flanck bar for securing the glarses of lanterns. aside and lost. 
Elisha H. Gollier, of Scituate, for improvement In head- Wo will now endeavor to give our readers a 
ing spikes. succinct account of the manner in which gas is 
John P. Philo and Geo. Cowing, of Seneca Falls, N. Y„ manufactured. Suppose a long row of brick 
lor improved method or operating fire engine. , , 11 , . . ... . 
C. J. Cowperthwaite, of Philadelphia, for improved by- furnaces to be constructed, something like the 
drant. flues in a brick kiln, and over these to be placed 
C. J. Cowperthwaite, of Philadelphia, for improved by- furnaces to he constructed, something like the 
rant. flues in a brick kiln, and over these to be placed 
Charles A. Cumming and Cortland Douglass, of Now sets of hollow cast iron half-cylinders, precisely 
London, Conn., for improvement in gas burners. i n the shape of saw-logs split in the middle 
Demit 0. Cuming., of Fulton, N. Y., for improvement ^ ± Infco the80 half-cylinders 
in lock gate valves. t i • i 
Ed. A. Curley, of Westport, Conn., for improvement in placed flat-side down, the coal is tin own,’ and 
extension tables. cast-iron heads fastened upon them by means 
Henry I). P. Cunningham, of Bury Hants, England, for 0 f cross-bars and screws. The coal ill the cyl- 
impn'vement in reefing saiis. Patented in England, Nov. inder8 is then sub j ecte d to an intense heat for 
Joseph C. Day, of Hackettstown, N. J., for improvement b,ul houis, which drives oft the gas through up 
in fire-arms. right iron pipes, all connected with a single 
Allen Green, of Providence, for improved mode of at- horizontal one of larger size. The gas tar is 
tacking thills to axles. condensed away, the gas itself then passed 
W. W. Harvey, of Saltville, Va., for improvement in ,, , • _,_•, • 
. , . . . . ’ ’ * through an iron reservoir, Avhere it is brought in 
implements for pruning trees. ° . 
Caleb S. Hunt, of Bridgewater, Mass., for improvement contact With a shoAver of spray, produced by in- 
in cotton press. jecting a jet of water through sieve-work.— 
Frank G. Johnson, of Brooklyn, for improved method E rom this, the gas is passed through a bed of 
of regulating speed of windmills. pulverized quick-lime, which purifies and ren- 
Kichard W. Jones, of Green Castle, Ind., for improve- , . . , ., . , , «, • , 
. . . . , ,. ’ ’ ’ ders it fit for burning, Avhence it is led oft into 
ment in brick machines. ° 
A. Kendall, of Cleveland, for Shingle machine. the huge gas-holders, until such t ime as it is 
Win. F. Ketchum, of Buffalo, for improvement in grain needed for purposes of illumination ; a further 
and grass harvesters. description of which will he given in a future 
Sam’l M. King, of Lancaster, I’a., for shingle machine. . 
Wm. R. Lavender and Atkins Smith, of Provincetown, 
Mass., For improved steering-wheel stopper. 
Horatio McGrath, of Meig’s Creek, Ohio, for improved 
bits for boring felloes and spokes. 
number. 
Novel Improvement in Ladies’ Boots. —There 
are in the Paris Exhibition several samples of 
J. a. Merriman, of Hinsdale, Mass., for mortising urn- ladiefJ . boots> manufactured with sheets of cork 
cll !,' ie : r r ii , ctv,, , • ... , cut to the one hundred and twentieth of an inch 
F. H. Moore, of Boston, lor improvement in safety coal 
hole covers. in thickness, inserted between the leather or 
James McNabb and Adam Carr, of New York, for im- cloth and the linings of the upper portions. In 
provement in steam stop-valves. Paris, where the ladies’ hoot trade has arrived 
R. D. Nesmith, of Lake Village, N. IL, for improve- afc perfect . ion the n0V elty and success 
ment in machines for dressing mill stones. ” x . „ 
Ephraim Parker, of Burlington, Iowa, for machine for which has attended upon this mode ot gaining 
making clothes-pins. extra warmth, without additional thickness or 
Ira S. Parker, of Sharon, Vt., for improvement in wash- weight being perceptible, has excited a good 
board8 - „ deal of attention. The extreme thinness for 
Reed Peck, of Cortlandville, N. Y., for Improvement in , . . . , c r»r 
. - . . 1 which the cork is cut for the patent boot, pel- 
door-fastemngH. > # # 1 , , i 
Charles Perley, of New York, for improvement in cargo mits of its being fashioned to t ic s ape an( 
ports for ships and other vessels. requirements of the hoot, as easy as any textile 
Abiel Pevey, of Lowell, Mass., for improvement in re- fabric, and indeed, it may be rumpled up in. the, 
melting iron scraps. lilrn tiosno miner, without cracking or 
melting iron scraps. ■ hand like tissue paper, without cracking. or 
E*va Ripley, of Troy, improvement in casting liretals. , 
Samuel T. Sharp, of Danville, Mo., for improvement in °ther damage. Sclcc u . 
straw cutters. -^ ’ * 
Thomas J. Stratton, of Waterloo, N. Y., for improve- NoiSV WaGONS _ A Hint. —A Concord corres- 
menti,.ditching machines. . pondent of the N. K Farmer say : “ Passing 
Eben T. Starr, of New York, for improvement in revolv- 1 i t 
ing fire-arms. my neighbor Goodmans yard, to-day, 1 saw 
Francis M. Strong and Thomas Ross, of Vergennes, for him at work on a wagon, and in a few Avords lie 
improvement in platform scales. told me Iioav he stops the jingle of the transient 
Abner J. Sutherland, of Lowell, for improvement in bolt ()n his y u three-wheeled vehicles. He, 
yarn dressing iraincs. . ° ,. _ -i - - 
James S. Taylor, of Danbury, for improvement in yarn cuts a P lt; ce of India rubber from an <U(1 fash- 
dressingframes. ioned shoe, that will just go round, the bolt, and 
James S. Taylor, of Danbury, for improvement in ma- then, placing it nicely down into the hole 
chinary for felling hats. through the rocker-iron and bed*-piece, enters 
coating daguerreotype plates. the bolt - and the wagon together again.— 
" ‘ James S. Taylor, of Danbury, for improvement in yarn cuts a P iece of India rubbcr from an 0 -id ?ash- 
dressingframes. ioned shoe, that will just go round, the bolt, and 
James S. Taylor, of Danbury, for improvement in ma- then, placing it nicely down into the hole 
chinery for felling hats. through the rocker-iron and bed 1 -piece, enters 
Joseph H. Tompkins, of Buffalo, for improved box lor ,, , ,, , , ,, , f. 
coating daguerreotype plates. the bolt - and bas the wagon together again.— 
Lewis White, of Hartford, for improvement iu curtain He says the rubber will last a number of years, 
fixtures. I have noticed that his vehicles run noiseless, 
Hugh AVighUnan and Wm. Warden, of Alleghany, for eX cept the proper squeak of the axles. They 
improvement in oscillating engines. . , , ,, 
‘ , T1 wm i t> i • t r ttm* w tret the best ot oil, and talk some , 
Charles Ii. Brown ana Charles Burleigh, of Fitchburg, & 
Mass., assignors to the Putnam Machine Company, of same ' * 
place, for improvement in means for regulating and work- Ice MANUFACTURING.—The editor of the Clevc- 
ing steam valves as cut-offs. „ „ lander says, at the Cuyahoga Locomotive works, 
John L. Brown, tff Indianapolis, assignor to himself and . , , , . 
Ohas. Leached, of same place, for lath machine. in Cleveland, there is a steam engine at work 
Gelston Sandford, and Thomas and Stephen Hull, of making ice. By means of the engine and 
Poughkeepsie, for improvement in grain and grass bar- sundry condensers, ether is driven from a retort. 
Testers. , . „ containing three hundred and fifty pounds, be- 
David Marsh, of Bridgeport, assignor to Thomas B. Stout, , , , , , . 
of New Jersey, Joseph A. Cody, of Ohio, and David Marsh, tw ® en orange ot double iron plates, within 
of Conn., for improvement in hanging mill-stones. which water is pumped, and by the ether is 
Ari and Asaliel Davis, of Lowell, and Charles Cunning- converted into ice. We have seen the ice made 
ham, Of Nashau, assignor to Alfred W. Adams, of Lowell, in this manner and watched the process. The 
Josiah ; B. IttchardHon, and George W. Pettes, of Boston* _ , , , . , , 
and Sherburne T. Sanborn, of Winchester, Matts., for im- arrail _f? erae nts are not as yet complete, but even 
proveuK-tit in hydro-carbon vapor apparatus. uoav ice can be manufactured with the thermom- 
ue-issues. eter at fit), at a cost of not more than half a cent 
Andrew ^Balston, of Middletown, I’a., for improvement per pound, 
in machines for threshiug and winnowing grain. Latent- _^ , *_ 
ed Feb. vil, ISU . Iron Work. —The N. Y. Tribune, in speaking 
ruomas J. w. liobertson, of New York, assignor to him- r . .. r , . & 
self and Alfred [C. Beach, of the same place, for improve- V <l lleW f ar ’ 1(rilal v8 • generally speaking, 
ment in sewing machines. iron has a little less strength, weight for weight, 
ment in sewing machines. iron lias a little less strength, weight for weight, 
--than wood. Owing to superior soundness or 
THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS. some other cause, however, small strips are 
m r . . ... . .. . , found to be stronger in proportion than large 
Ih ‘ of ilUiminatnig g» I.F.- ro d, or b»r s , M d by properly riveting through 
coining one of the m«t important mechanical stri La M „ the manu f M t„ re8 
enterprises connected tv,th municipal economy. wMcE „ re lramenBel st ami 8li „. A b 
Nearly every city of the Union, and many of die of email atrip, riveted at ehort intervale ie 
the larger village., light then etreete with gas; f „ and t „ bo 50 to 100 cc „, 3tifferaana8< j. 
and the eamc material becomes an ceecnti.nl id bar of the same site anil weight. The nat- 
article of coneumption u, manufactory, etoree, ont car is in w a baskct „ f s „ ch ^ ribs 
and dwelling,. Bituminous coal, roasted in c „ v< . rcJ sheet iron, 
close iron retorts, is the source whence most of _ 
the gas in use is generated ; although resinous i R0N Manufactory in the WEST.-There is a 
sid,stances, wood containing pitch, and various western movement afoot for the establishment 
O H I lings, AA lit 1 A t ecomposition yield 0 f ;i large iron manufactory, especially for the 
carbon and hydrogen in combination, aie some- manufacture of rails. Illinois, where coal and 
times su >s ltutec. I hue is a a ast amount of iron are in close proximity, is the chosen field of 
refuse matter produced at the works after the operation. The mineral grounds have been mi- 
illuminating gas is d, iven off, the value of which nutcly examined by Dr. Dale Owen, whose re- 
is an important matter connected with the port favors the enterprise. The immediate lo- 
1 tuvi era one, entered into by Cincinnati people, 
as, by a profitable sale ot them, to reduce the __^ ^ 
price of the prime production, g M , i„ , nini . T ,„ v g sU , am M ^, e Ni " n0 „ bci 
-I': I” ’ .7 “ “"*"•*«! i" Brooklyn, ie nlmcet. completed 
' man '- "c ,,rel - and will be the largest war steamer in the world. 
.. . . . . .. . ........ . ...........-................ . . ...... 
