..... >'» ...-.......”■'•»*•<'........r,„w;,....... 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
VOLUME VII. NO. 7.( 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE COBBS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS! 
H. T. BROOKS, Prop. C. DEWEY, 
T. C. PETERS, L. B. LANGWORTHY, 
H. C. WHITE, T. E. WETJIORE. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical 
Subjects connected with the business of those whose inter- v ^ 
ests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul- I ux,u I or a fool;—a knave if he seeks to take advan- It appears from the above analysis, that about my farm, something spoils the crop.” He paused, 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, P I tage of the necessary ignorance of his employer; seventy per cent, of this material is identical but we answered nothing. We were curious to 
ings^tha^any'^oth^'p^pw^'puWished^i^thisfcormt^ 8 — _^ K 15x15 a fool if lie does not know any better. A plain with limestone previous to burning, and would know what his idea of that “ something” was, 
rendering it a complete Agricultural, Literary and 5'x 61 piazza in front, or a neat porch, looks well.— bare the same effect on land as so much old and, waiting a moment, he exclaimed — 
Family Newspaper. L | _ Climbing roses can be trained over them, and lime which had been exposed to atmospheric “It wants draining l” and he looked nn ns 
For Terms, and other particulars, see last page. j^J” ~ the whole is in keeping with the scene around, influences for an indefinite period, or until it though sure that was the thing for the case in 
——- 1 =d]6xl0 and gives the building a rural aspect. Trees had absorbed carbonic acid sufficient to neu- hand. 
'IRirr'rT lUW&PT* W R Hj G B planted at intervals about the house, will fill up tralize its causticity. About eleven per cent, is Yes! that was the “thing,” and, we solilo- 
t Ul" JJ l K l l > the picture, and give the whole a desirable sulphur and its combinations with lime, and is quized, “ draining is the great want of thousands 
— ' ■ - home-like appearance. worth, weight for weight, about the same as so of acres all over the country. Lying nearly 
FARM HOUSES. ... J We do not ask an 7 b(,d 7 t0 a(Io ! ,t mu- plan, much common land plaster. From the other level, with an impervious subsoil, these acres 
-* Oxlfll i 5 xiE but we do believe that if adopted, the person so ingredients, which enter in minute quantities have no outlet for the water, so abundant at 
We have examined all the books-which have * _. honoring us will be well satisfied with his into the composition, some beneficial effects will some seasons of the year, save evaporation— 
been published in this country for many years I I liou.se, and will thank the Rural for having undoubtedly be obtained. The smell of the This is a slow process, and hence they are too 
past, on the subject of Rural Architecture, with »-» - brought it to his knowledge. To those who are coal tar may perhaps be favorable for driving wet in spring to allow the putting in of crops in 
a view of finding something that would meet E anxious to have more room, the same plan has off or killing insects, but its manurial proper- good order and season, and are generally plow- 
the wants of a farmer of moderate means.— Fu . j onl 7 to be enIa rged, by putting on a larger ad- ties are as yet problematical. ed when in such a state that the operation con- 
Tliere is no lack of plans, though most of The ground plan Fig 1 is forty by twenty d P° n in the place ot the wood-house. By so This refuse lime of the gas works is therefore solidates rather than pulverizes the soil. It is 
them are mere copies or slight alterations from two feet. It mmht’be made two feet wider to d ° ing tb ® room 72 could be macle into a nice of some value as a manure, and will benefit impossible to make a good seed bed in a soil sat- 
Loudon. Ho man lias yet taken hold of the sub- advantage, but we have selected the smallest - llbrary ’ and the wing for a b ed-room. The en- swamp and sour lands', such as contain an ex- urated with water. If, on the other hand, the 
iect who knew from nersmmt f • i . _ trance to the cellar would then of course he from cess of acid nmnpvtips ininrinna TOmifn*;,.,, work is dofm-mU n Uf+io i„+„ a, „ i_i i. 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.’ 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.—SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1856. 
m. If our friends cannot enjoy themselves room may he made into a very pretty conserva- cording to an analysis by the late Prof. Joiin- 
t ere, we prefer them to stay away. Having tory, which will be abundantly warmed by the ston of a sample fresh from the Edinglburg gas 
premised thus much, we proceed to give form kitchen in winter. Or if preferred, the present works, (the lime being originally in the caustic 
to our notions by a ground plan. 
Kitchen in winter. Ur it preferred, the present works, (the lime being originally 
wood-house and summer kitchen may be con- state,) the result was as follows : 
verted into a poimanent kitchen, and a wing Water and coal tar,.... , 1291 
built on to it tor a wood-house. These changes Carbonate of lime,... . 69.04 
can be made in such a manner, and at such a Hydrate or Caustic lime,.2.49 
time, as will best suit the means and conveni- ^ ul Phate of lime(Oypsum), . 7.33 
ence of the farmer. Sulphuret of calcium,.!. 0 .20 
As for the elevation, we are no believers in Pure sulphur, . 1,10 
the modern gimcracks which are so profusely Prussian blue,. 2.70 
stuck about and in our modern houses. The Insoluble matter, sand, *c., . 0.64 
artist who recommends them is either a knave 
or a fool;—a knave if he seeks to take advan- H appears from the above analyi 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
{WHOLE m. 310. 
“TALKING OP DRAINING,” 
“ My swamp lands do not give me one quar¬ 
ter of the profit they ought to,” continued the 
brother farmer with with whom we were “ Talk¬ 
ing ol a Corn Crop” recently. “Some fields 
which have been cleared for years, will not bear 
•any crop but grass, and that soon runs out and 
wild grass and rushes take its place. When 
plowed up and sown to grain, it seems at the 
mercy of every whim of the season—it is too 
wet or too dry, too hot or too cold—every time, 
though the soil is naturally as good as any on 
-- r—, x. w «. g.cai imsuiKc to put broadside. Still the plan will admit of havimr -A / /. J " -nquiu urip- ^ wmution xor seeding, ana me bes 
any more capital in buildings than is absolute- the front at B ,and there may be many locatioi s “ ° arran S emfen " better tba " any other which pings and gaseous exhalations ; but, under pre- condition for that purpose is an impossible at 
ly necessary. And it will be found, upon nine where it would be advisable to thus change the baS ^ b ° en P ubbsbed 111 *-‘1 Hural.— 1 >. sent lights, both of experience and analysis, it tainment. These are some of the deficiencies o 
out of ten farms which are called in good re- n i an Coinino- i„ f mm thn m„i will not remunerate the farmer for paving much undrained land in the outset.” 
“ r»a buildings, that at lea.,tone fitZhXalV" w “ “it ™ "at 7 *** ““ iLf ^ » *• -» it . A S „e statement, a, I fr „ m sik1 „„ 
GAS LIME AS A MANURE. for it or for hauling it to any great distance. It « A frue statement, as I know from sad expe- 
One of the economies of any manufacture is 18 ulldoubtedl 7 worth saving as a manure to be rience,” exclaimed my friend. « One of my 
to turn all the refuse matter to''some account.— 5*^ ln , , f V ! Cln , lt7 °5- lts P ro ^ uctlOB > and swamp lots lay in grass for ten or fifteen years. 
In no department of the mechanic arts can all 1 ™ P robab1 ^ about a11 tbat can be sald m lts producing at first pretty fair crops of hay, but 
the material be worked up into the prime arti- <l y° ! ’, .. B _ ' . Ike swamp grass and weeds encroached every 
cleof production ; and, in most branches, the ri t ie firansactmus of the N. Y.State Agn- year more and more, until the product was 
chips, waste, and refuse, far exceed in amount S mal SoC !°; y , f< ; r 1M9 ’ P ag ® ]^ G ’ aco “’ hardl Y worth savin g- I then concluded to plow 
the chief object of the manufacture. " 1 ' 1 a PP° mted to visit the buffalo gas works, it up, and did so three years ago last fall. A 
In operations upon wood and stone, by which niaa 8 a e ™ eB as 0 • part of the field was in fine order in the spring, 
they are converted into articles of ornament or 1 a , as °aipany pun y t en that is, the clay turned up had been finely pul- 
1KO ' i r ,i, _ a &as b Y t' le 'k'J method, passing the gas through verized by the frost wherever the water had nnt 
sent lights, both of experience and analysis, it tainment. These are some of the deficiencies of 
will not remunerate the farmer for paying much undrained land in the outset.” 
third of the money which is invested m build- R ccess for bed at R ; Closet at L ; Pantry at P 
mgs is more than thrown away. John goes to and Kitchen at K; small hall at Q and cellar to 
the city to buy goods for Ins store in the coun- and chamber stairs at A. In 
lor it or ior Hauling it to any great distance. It « A ifrue statement, as I know from sad expe- 
is undoubtedly worth saving as a manure to be rience,” exclaimed my friend. “ One of my 
applied in the vicinity of its production, and swamp lots lay in grass for ten or fifteen vears 
+ io TWA^nklrr ~ 11 4-1, „ 4. 1 _ 7 .1 * • 1 i J 9 
try, and finds cousin Sam occupying a splendid 
three story house. When John builds he hag 
cousin Saji s city house in his eye, and he gets 
up a sort ot caricature cf it. Jones is about 
building a new farm house, and as he has more 
money than common sense in that respect, and 
is anxious to make a noise, he takes pattern of 
John’s village house. Airs. Jones wants a par¬ 
lor, and dining-room, and folding doors, and 
cellar kitchen, and all the other discomforts of 
a city house, because it is fashionable. Neither 
John, nor Jones, get anything that exactly suits, 
and they are at much expense to alter and fix 
over, but never get the thing to suit them. The 
great error was in not exerting a little of that 
common sense which both use in their business. 
In cities they are obliged to economize room, 
and as they have no other business than the 
wants of the household, it is not so very bad to' 
the chief object of the manufacture. 
In operations upon wood and stone, by which 
they are converted into articles of ornament or 
use, large quantities of chips, shaving, and dust 
are produced. In the working of iron, cinders 
and slag, turnings and filings are the bulk of 
part of the field was in fine order in the spring, 
that is, the clay turned up had been finely pul¬ 
verized by the frost wherever the water had not 
lime, it will necessarily produce a powder, he- stood upon it through the winter ; and had there 
ing the hydro-sulphate of lime. This powder, been sufficient drains to take off the surface 
production ; in lealber manufactures, spent tan, , PP ^ u „ ’ " "fT IT™ W " ter ’ 1 sh °" ld h "'' e ‘ raadc a S ood thi »S <* 
horns .and hair, shreds and scraps, parings and ?*"*“ T ^ '"T* 11 '™ 3 to “ «• I"** 1* did 
scrapings, vastly reduce the bulk of the mate- ((i f p3,,ra >) a " a ; tlc !° ,0 ° ln T« r a the / a ™- a ™»"‘ •» "'»<*. ->»■• did they last year, and 
rial originally used. The perfection of any f • » m ^d ’here “areful and profitable all for the want of drainage. The last crop was 
manufacture consists of two things, first, the i, , >\ , »uwu iate on dcconni oi me vet spring, and the 
superiority of the special product, and secondly, ® dlscre ® tIy > as d 18 a P owerful weather came on wet after they were up, and 
the application of all the refuse matter to some ^ ‘ T ! f aPb t l mod T c ' mtlnued 30 the g reater part of the summer, so 
economical object r<itely and not in direct contact with the seeds that, as a friend remarked, ‘ they stood with 
In the manufacture of Ululating gas three Zu^T’ ^ ^ ^ 0r ^ ^ whole season ’’ 
eat in b J ’ ? Vei ' 7 ba<1 t0 6 cl,araber ’ Fi S- 2 > & divided in four bed- articles besides the gas itself are produced in • - x pmp x f ., ... . , -o - . 
eat in a cellar and sleep in a fourth story. The rooms, that may be entered from the common large quantities, viz., 1st., coke or charred coal • r h statement of the composition of gas much cliance for ifc ? Can y 
country merchant may have an elegant house, hall a, which is reached from below by the 2d, coal tar ; and 3d, refuse lime The first is llrne ’. as wlU be seon by 1 rof. -Iohnston s anal- | ficient ?” we asked. 
friLd Tl I '“T V ,1 ! at of «• «*» stairs A h Kg- I. Either ur all of themoms an admirable article of fuel, and is used up to P'd’ 1 to]! 7 , err0ae °” 8 - T ^ ^ a " d 
friend, while the farmer has little in common will hold two beds if necessarv i f* r fi f L undoubtedly aie, vanations ot the amount of 
with either beyond roof and walk. There should be a eX n , „ , , tbe i™ 11 produetton for that putpose. The sulphur and its eomhinations in different sam- 
ur , 1 , - mere suouia be a cellar under the whole second, tar, was formerly permitted to run to i„ e v ,, 
moTst^ tv a “ ■ T T h0U8e is a "“““g- ” d «» p« s,s »“ght to be twelve feet, waste, but it is now used p ofitably for rm.fing, °J SThlTlT^to to ‘ P 7 f °f 
Zov a, d a „ ’ “ " aS ‘ C ° f S " mS 8 « fcrt “ «Ie«r fcr the first story, painting, manufacture of iamplZk, fuel. £ P ” % ““ T* ” Sed m f i 
“ZZZ'T 5 ° T* x Nat “ re ' and *« riththbei-s. IVe have seen a But the other product is that of whik we de- 'U “ d eVerJr ^ ” T^T dZ 
I grant JS JZ T" *'•*«»»>* "** *» “P«ak, vis., gas lime.- Y if" am,‘ he' anf Z h “Zf 
Draining is wanted there, surely. Is there 
fii chance for it ? Can you get descent suf- 
7 D , f 7- 7 y^ is eB tirel y “US. There may be, and „ T . vlrt . x , , 
an admirable article of fuel, and is used up to undoubte dly are, variations of the amount of 1 ^ there ^ aboufc one foofc descent in 
the limit of production for that purpose. The sulphur and its combinations in different sam _ ^enty rods, toward the west, and as the field 
*. WaS f01 ' merly P erraitted t0 run t0 pies of gas lime, according to the purity or im- 18 a T™* ^ ^ CaUed ifc the ‘ long 
it is now used profitably for roofing, rit of the coal used in tbe gas manu f ac ture ; raead ° W GV f SU1C f c eared >) 1 P r0 P 08 « to cut 
manufacture of lampblack, fuel, Ac. but of a and every kind , ve venture to an °P eB lllt cb on the lower, or south side, the 
her product is that of which we de- thafc at lea8t fifty cent, is carbonate, and not lengtb> and tben f loW nortb and south > 
especially to speak, viz., gas lime— sulnhnte of , imfl . and thfi ( | ;mfrpv * n tlp and clear 011 fc ever 7 d ead-furrow leading into it. 
money, and a perverse marring of Nature. and 3>A feet for the chambers. We h 
ut the upper story makes such nice rooms.” house substantially upon this plan, an 
grant you that, my dear madam. But then never yet seen another that combi 
m t us windy and wintry country, they are so conveniences for the surface enclosed, 
cold and uncomfortable, and then, too, it costs so If the front be changed to B, then j 
much more to keep the house in repair. Be- small hall at G, communicating with t 
sides, how it looks standing out solitary and room and kitchen, and the only chant 
alone in the landscape. We never sec one hut we to make II a bed-room, usimr i.be door 
J r .- unvi noiittvc iuuic Gspucumv IV spUtlK. VIZ., iRiS llIllO.— _ r1 4i i . i auu ticai uuu cvciy utHiu.-iurruw UlilULIUT in IO ir. 
never yet seen another that combined more In many localities (our own city behig one) nc } A , f nie ^ andtie ( ang ® r *°. be a PP re ' Thus treated, I think wheat will grow there, if 
convenicDces for the serfcce enclosed. nse whatever is fde of this Z,eri!l. It is .1. f IT " “I , for the subsoii is el.^ey, and jkt 
If the front hp rh-mo-Grl tx. 7 ? ti,v,„ x xi x „ , , , from the fumes of gas and the presence of coal , T , . J J> J 
1 ' 110111 De Hnangecl to b, then we enter a thrown out of the gas works here at the rate of f ,, • , Tf j . „ .. such as I have seen great crops grown upon.— 
-ii i._n _x /"v • ........ o ^ ““ tar. ns anvt.hino- pIsp It liapn at. all. it. nn- ° ° f 
disintegrator. 
_ ... . . ii uie iiont De cnanged to B, then we enter a thrown out of the gas works here at the rate of • , Tf , . ,, .. such as I have seen great crops grown upon— 
o Keep tne house m repair Be- small hall -it a fnmmmimiimr roiH, xt x- f , . , , . tar, as anything else. If used at all, it un- rm . , , „ ^ . 
x I — 1 , , P e au al tr. Communicating with the family a ton or two a week, and is dumped into a va- i u 1 v , , , . 1 here is a good supply of muck already mixe l 
t looks standing out solitary and room and kitchen tte mlv nltor,™ « i • , , , . . 1 , , „ doubtedly should never be applied fresh unless • ,, . .. ... J 
— / 1 HHLiien, and the only change made is cant lot of low ground ad mining the works, for •, • . m with the surface soil, and if we can get rid 
andscape. We never sec one but we to make TT a bed room nalmrilm 1 ,, .. composted with muck or some other mechanical . T . . . . ... , fe 
r r Z. , , e maKe u a oed room, using Uie door as a win- the purpose of grading and raising it to a level ]•• t ,. of the surplus water, I think it will produce al- 
dow, and leaving the other window out. This with the street. 1 0 1 _^^ ^ most any crop.” 
arrangement gives two good bed-rooms on the Gas lime is produced in this way. A quail- cabs of young stock. “Yes, if you can get rid of the surplus water. 
giound floor. 1’he wood-house, well, and cis- tity of the best quick-lime is slaked and then Your open drains will carry off the surface 
tei ns can be located to suit the convenience of deposited in a dry state upon hurdles placed one Some farmers have advanced the opinion, and ’water, which is so much accomplished, but I 
l u. kitchen, as show n in I ig. 1, and <S maybe above another in close iron chests, through even practiced upon it, that to have hardy stock think the soil will be likely to still retain a sur- 
^ <l sumraei kitchen and wash-room, and which the gas, as it comes from the retorts on they must be exposed to the weather and stint- plus of water at some seasons of the year. Clay 
nitv the nwnm- „ x, , . , « « 1 WU j, mi, uwr dd a win- the purpose ot grading and raising it to a level 
pity the ownei. Theie aie other and serious dow, and leaving the other window out. This with the street 
furnish^Lse W h° ““J ^ ^ f a,Tangeraent two good bed-rooms on the Gas lime is produced in this way. A quan- 
pXZ Z r 1 t 089 tl,cy , a 'i rr * floor - The ^ cu - % «^ J 1 ** 
better finish off a come U " U8 . ’ a nian ' ll< C1 n s can be located to suit the convenience of deposited in a dry state upon hurdles placed one 
to Zto ZomfovH bam aad move the kitchen, as shown in Fig. 1. a n<l S may be .hove another in close iron chests through 
In a farm house o,!.,,' ' " ' ' r • mat e a summer kitchen and wash-room, and which the gas, as it comes from the retorts on 
in a farm house theie are certain rooms that W. II. the wood room, mid th® »rt. — n.., .x,_■ .„ , . 
CABJ3 OF YOUNG STOCK. 
are indispensable a I aic cei ain 100,ns ul ' t u ‘ "ootl room, and the upper part may the way to the receiver, is compelled to pass.— ed in food while young; or, in other words, is very retentive of moisture,—when once sat- 
’ ’ ’ - - 1 CC< 1L mwsb K <lolK °fi hs a cheese-room, or a general lum- It enters at the bottom of one, passes up through that a calf or a colt well fed and cared for will urated with water, you can only get it out by 
1 loom. the successive layers of lime, then out at the naturally be tender, and must be so fed through "°' n g belojv it with deep drains. Thorough 
ut, in t ic couise ot human events,it may be- top, and so on to the next. When a chest is life to be kept in good condition. This is not draining is ‘the thing’our clays must come to. 
and the first care. Of these the kitchen takes her room, 
the lead. It should he large, well ventilated. But, in 
mid an sitmdxxd . , ,, --v.,x-xx.o,<• -j xxv.- i.up, anu so on to tne next, vvnen a cnest is me to oe Kept in good condition, urns is not « 
and wood house, tha/each lan he readHy relch • — ITJ '? enlarge ’ The | ren ewed with fresh lime, the order of passage | so, in the first instance, for stock half kept | after_all.” 
ed in the fowoci -une 1 can e mai ly leach- j oung people begin to teel that they want asepa- is changed so as to make this one the last of the while young can never recover from the injury “Very true, no doubt, but I cannot well 
anv deirree inteikvi . 0 , s 1 1 s ’ lUH " 11 luul 111 1<lU 100111 " h C! °in t° see and entertain theircom- series—always keeping the one nearest spent thus received, and no after care in feeding can thorough-drain in this case. I have other clay 
the house Then C o ^ n ' a " 7 ° Ul punj, and the old folks feeling able to indulge the first which the gas enters, and the one last make as good an animal as would have boon fields, with good descent and no surface water, 
room the livino- «. f U U an *7 ant nu ‘ l t- cm pio\iile d it can be done without toamuch renewed the one through which the fluid passes produced by proper treatment in early life. To on which I propose to try that, on a small scale, 
parlor and spare bed ' U ^ 100nb aiu as * 7 ^ u - cos ^ ' 1 dlc end stand to the front, as in the on its final exit. The refuse lime has a very keep stock profitably they should always be at first, to be sure. I do not see why some spots 
well but in tlie c > 00ir Z ^ ai 01S lUe ' ei I U bin > tbe 1 llbl » is very neatly done by putting strong smell of gas, and isnearly neutralized of kept in thriving condition, receiving extra at- 011 m 7 farm are always so cold and hard, unless 
pailoi and spare bed-rooms. Parlors are very 
well, but in the country they are so seldom 
used that anv sneei 1 ^ c 7 aie so se c °m on a one stoiy wing at W for a kitchen and its caustic properties. It has imbibed a quan- tenfion while young and growing, especially it is from this cause, and I have observed in the 
one seems and i 1 j ains 01 expense to ihake pantiy, <u bed-room, say 14 by 20. This will tity of water, and coal OH- enough to render it, during the winter and spring. Good shelter spring that the soil was always soft and wet 
a good-sized kitclm CeC th 1S f. g d Waste ‘ Wlth P' ® ^ bed ' room at the end -say 7 by 14. K to a considerable degree, moist and heavy, but and plenty to eat and drink are particularly there much Later than on other fields, or parts of 
all the purposes of a d 1 ,U1U ^ looni ansv eis ecomes the family room, L the hall from it to not sticky and plastic; it has absorbed, and necessary at this season of the year to all colts the same field, of a different soil.” 
much the most friendlv • '/T'' f 0 .t°n j anCy !' S tbe kitclien, and I the parlor. It abed-room chemically combined with a great amount of and calves which we desire to become valuable “Underdrain, then, by all means,” was our 
a i e ojisit oi pantiy is not tv anted in the wing, then that carbonic acid, and with fumes of sulphur. Ac- horses and cattle, hereafter. ad. ice, and so we would advise in all like cases. 
“ Underdrain, then, by all means,” was our 
ad, ice, and so we would advise in all like cases. 
