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MAECH 29. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
103 
fwjratto anit ffiattou. 
FRUIT CULTURE IN OHIO. 
The “ Transactions of the Ohio Pomological 
Society,” just published, contain much valuable 
information of a practical nature, on the subject 
of fruit culture in that State. The principal 
topics discussed are, 
1st, The quality of certain varieties in various 
localities and under various circumstances of 
soil, climate, <fcc. 
2d, The cultivation of the Cherry on the Ma- 
haleb stock. 
3d, The cultivation of the pear on the Quince 
stock. 
We propose to cull out the most important 
facts elicited on each of these topics. 
PEACHES. 
Druid Hill .—From the tenor of the remarks 
we are led to infer that some of those who re¬ 
ported upon this peach do not possess the genu¬ 
ine variety. Dr. Kennicott, of Illinois, and Mr. 
Elliot, of Cleveland, both said it did not ripen 
at all with them. Air. Bateiiam considered it 
later than Ward's late, whilst with Air. Miller 
of Springfield it lipened quite early. This 
variety ripens well, and is of excellent quality 
in Western New York, and cannot be too late 
for any portion of Ohio. 
La Grange.—Mr. Loughry, of Adams Co., had 
sold 160 bushels at $2 per bushel in the Cin 
cinnati market, from trees planted ten year 
ago. At Cincinnati and other places it had not 
done well. 
Columbia .—Had succeeded well in Adams, 
Clark, Butler and Clermont counties, and also 
at Cleveland, and was represented as bearing 
well in all these places, and not liable to rot 
Its color is objectionable. 
Tippecanoe Cling .—Reported generally as a 
good grower and bearer, and valuable for mar 
ket on account of size and beauty. 
Old Zack .—A seedling raised at Columbus ; 
was favorably spoken of. , 
Buckeye —Is a seedling raised at Springfield 
ripening ten days later than Crawford's Late, and 
considered valuable on that account. 
PEARS. 
Duchess D'Angouleme .—From the testimony 
of Mr. Ernst and Dr. Warder of Cincinnati 
Mr. Fierce of Dayton, Air. Carpenter of Kelly’s 
Island, and others in Ohio, this variety, it seems 
blossoms freely,A)ut very seldom bears fruit, 
Dr. Kennicott of Ill., reported the same expe¬ 
rience there. 
Beurrc Bose .—But little said about this pear. 
Dr. Warder thought it an excellent variety. 
Vicar of Wink field.—Dr. Warder had found 
it superior on quince—not so good on pear. Air, 
Petioolas considered it one of the most valua¬ 
ble winter pears. 
Bvffum —Dr. Kennicott had been successful 
with it in Illinois. He said it never blighted, 
and was the only variety he had uniformly 
ripened with good crops. 
Oswego Beurre .—Ohio cultivators had little 
experience with it, and that was so far rather 
unfavorable. Air. Elliot considered it second 
rate. 
Beurre d’Amalis .—This variety was unani¬ 
mously admitted to be a good grower and bear¬ 
er, a large and fair fruit, but liable to rot at the 
core. Air. Ernst did not consider it worthy of 
cultivation. 
Belle Lucrative .—All agreed in pronouncing 
this one of the very best pears in all respects. 
Andrews .—Objected to by several, as it gen¬ 
erally rotted at the core. 
Swan's Orange— Mr. Ernst had found it some¬ 
times inferior, but generally very good. 
Flemish Beauty —Had proved successful with 
all who had tested it, and generally spoken of 
as one of the b.est in all respects. 
Golden Beurre of Bilboa. —Mr. Heaver, Air. 
Bateham, Dr. Jones and others spoke well of 
its quality, but considered it a moderate grow¬ 
er, and on the pear stock a tardy bearer. 
[We may remark here that in regard to these 
varieties of pears, there is little difference be¬ 
tween the experience of Ohio and New York, 
except in regard to the Duchess d'Angoidcmc. 
which succeeds well here—so well, indeed, that 
we have heard of one orcliardist having grafted 
over his Virgalieus with it I 1] 
apples. 
Grimes Golden Pippin .—This variety origin¬ 
ated in Brook Co., Va., and is represented as 
nearly as good as Newtown Pippin, and a much 
better grower and bearer. At the September 
meeting it was too green to be passed upon, but 
at the January meeting it was generally regard¬ 
ed as a good second-rate apple. 
The Goff Apple.—A. seedling from Bellfon- 
taine—a large handsome apple ripening before 
the Fall Pippin. A strong grower and great 
bearer, generally considered worthy of further 
trial. 
Ohio Nonpareil .—Origin unknown, described 
as a strong grower and great bearer. [We saw 
some specimens of this variety brought from 
Ohio last September, and were favorably im¬ 
pressed with its quality and appearance.] 
At the Winter Meeting, additional notices 
were made of apples, many of them new ones. 
Melting, or Melt-in-the-Mouth —Brought from 
Chestww Co., Penn.—described as a pleasant 
fall apple, a good grower and bearer. Air. El¬ 
liot described it as possessing the flavor of a 
Spitzenburg, and keeping till Alarch — the best 
apple before the Convention. 
Sweet Vandervere —Of Belmont Co., described 
as a good bearer but poor grower. Air. Elliot 
said it was dry. 
London Sweet —From Cincinnati, discussed in 
former reports as “ Ilcickc’s Winter Sweet," fa¬ 
vorably spoken of at Dayton and Cincinnati. 
Rome Beauty —Described as a large, handsome 
apple, but requiring a rich, warm soil. Season 
from Oct. to Dec. Very popular in Southern 
Ohio. 
Polly Bright —From Western Virginia, de¬ 
scribed as a medium-sized, sprightly, agreeable 
apple—tree of slender growth. 
Sweet Winter Pennock —Described as a good 
keeper—tree of upright growth. 
Winter Sweet Paradise — Recommended for 
general cultivation as one of the best winter 
sweet apples. 
Rawle's Janet —Generally considered as better 
for southern part of the State and a warm, rich 
soil; rather small at the North. Had succeed¬ 
ed well at Sandusky. 
Bcntly Siccet —Described by Air. Edgerton of 
Belmont Co. as the latest keeping sweet apple. 
Gulp Apple —Originated in Jefferson Co., Ohio 
—a good grower and bearer. A large yellow, 
oblong, conical fruit, of fair quality, described 
as “second rate, and worthy of attention.” 
Beauty of the West —and “Wells or English 
Red Streak” generally considered synonymous 
with the Domine. [Specimens received by us 
from the Ohio meeting were certainly the 
Domine.~\ 
Fallenwaldcr —Synonyms, Tulpebocken Green 
Mountain Fippin, Walldower, Dutch Codlin, 
Pine’s Beauty of the West, Pound; large, coarse 
apple, second rate, profitable for market. Tree 
a very strong grower and good bearer. 
B/ockley Pippin —Said to have originated in 
Blockley township, Penn., described as a good 
fall apple, but not so good as some others of its 
season. 
White Rambo —A good fruit, a beautiful tree, 
and good bearer. 
Putneyitc —From Western Virginia, general¬ 
ly considered unworthy of cultivation. 
Johnson's Sweet —A seedling from Harrison 
Co. Alight be valuable if a long keeper. 
Pryors Red —Maintains its high character. 
Air. Bateham considered it more suitable for a 
Southern latitude and strong soils. 
[To be continued.] 
rolling stock, and trust that those you represent 
will have no cause for complaint from delays or 
improper handling of their freight.” 
C. J. Brydges, of Hamilton, C. W., Alanaging 
Director of the Great Western Railway, says, 
“that consignments of Fruit Trees sent over 
this line as freight, shall receive all proper care 
and attention in their transmission.” 
Should we receive any valuable information 
in relation to other routes, we shall lay it sea¬ 
sonably before our readers. * 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
gfojmtw; gtfe, tot. 
LIST OF PATENTS, 
IflMied from th e United States Patent Office for the 
week ending March 11, 1856. 
GRAVEL WALL CONCRETE. 
SIXTH SESSION. 
In conformity with a resolution passed at the 
last meeeting of this National Association, the 
Sixth Session will be held in Corinthian Hall, in 
the city of Rochester, New York, commencing 
on AVednesday, the 24th day of September 
next, at 10 o’clock A. M., and will continue for 
several days. 
Among the objects of this meeting are the 
following :—To bring together the most distin¬ 
guished Pomologists of our land, and, by a free 
interchange of experience, to collect and diffuse 
such researches and discoveries as have been 
recently made in the science of Pomology—to 
hear the Reports of the various State Commit¬ 
tees and other district associations—to revise 
and enlarge the Society’s catalogue of Fruits— 
to assist in determining the synonyms by which 
the same fruit is known in America or Europe 
—to ascertain the relative value of varieties in 
different parts of our country — what are suita- 
TRANSPORTATION OF TREES. 
Every nurseryman, who has a distant corres¬ 
pondence, lia- been more or less annoyed with 
disappointments and losses, in consequence of 
the delays of his packages in warehouses. We 
could write a volume on the carelessness, and 
absurd blunders of freight forwarders, and ot 
l .nil oad and steamboat employees, it necessary 
to convince any one of the reality of the evil. 
The nurserymen of Wes’ern New Y'ork, (whose 
nursery grounds occupy several thousand acres 
in the aggregate, and whose annual sales are of 
millions of trees,) have had a large share in 
this uncomfortable experience. In order to 
lessen or remove the evil, the President of the 
Fruit-Growers’ Society of Western New York, 
recently addressed some of the prominent offi¬ 
cers of the principal railway lines in this State 
and at the West. Some of the replies afford so 
much encouragement, that we think it due to 
nurserymen and purchasers of irees, to furnish 
a brh f statement of their contents. 
Most-of them describe the difficulties they 
labor under in forwarding trees, viz : That bun¬ 
dles are light and bulky, so that only about five 
tons can be placed in one car, while of most 
other goods, ten tons may be loaded. They are 
also obliged to use box-cars for bundles to pre¬ 
vent taking fire from sparks. For these reasons, 
they charge more for bundles than for boxed 
trees. Hence boxing is strongly recommended 
for long distances. 
Another difficulty results from the perishable 
nature of trees; and at great distances from 
shipping points, forwarding agents are unable 
to know how long the trees have been in tran¬ 
sit, and whether already spoled. They dislike, 
theiefoie, to pay back-charges on them, as in 
some instances the trees, having perished, have 
been refused, and the loss for the whole dis¬ 
tance has fallen on those who have advanced 
the payment. For this reason some companies 
require either pre-payment of charges, or a 
guaranty of their payment on reaching their 
destination. ! his, when several companies 
form the line, often results in serious inconve¬ 
nience, which is not easily avoided. 
AI. W. Starin, of Buffalo,-General Freight 
Agent of the American Lake Shore Route, and 
of its western connections, says, “ We will af¬ 
ford every facility for the careful and speedy 
shipment o! trees. We will not be outdone by 
any other route. Our facilities for transporta¬ 
tion are unsurpassed. We have no ferriages on 
the route—a source of great delay. We are 
willing to receive and transport to the extent of 
our road and its immediate connections, without 
pre-pas ment of freight, if shippers will guar¬ 
antee the payment of charges on delivery of 
trees.” He furnishes the following list of charg¬ 
es for *• first class goods,” which includes trees 
in bexes : 
Buffalo to Cleveland.38 cents per 100 lbs. 
Toledo..62 “ « « 
“ Columbus.68 “ “ “ 
“ Xenia and Cincinnati .... 78 “ “ “ 
“ Dayton and Springfield .. 73 “ “ « 
“ Indianapolis.. 83 “ « « 
ble for particular localities—what new sorts 
give promise of being worthy of dissemination 
—and, especially, what are adapted to general 
cultivation. 
The remarkable and gratifying progress 
which has been attained, of late years, in this 
branch of rural industry, is, in no small degree, 
attributable to the establishment and salutary 
influences of Horticultural and Pomological 
Societies. It is, therefore, desirable that every 
State and Territory of the Union should be 
represented in this convention, so that the ad¬ 
vantages resulting from this meeting may be 
generally and widely diffused. Held, as it will 
be, at a convenient point between the Eastern 
States and the Western, easily accessible from 
the South, and also from the Canadas, it is an¬ 
ticipated that the attendance will be larger 
than on any former occasion, and the beneficial 
results to the American farmer and gardener 
proportionably increased. 
All Pomological, Horticultural, Agricultural, 
and other kindred associations of the United 
States, and of the British Provinces, are re¬ 
quested to send such number of delegates as 
they may deem expedient, and nurserymen, 
and all other persons interested in the cultiva¬ 
tion of fruit, are invited to be present, and to 
participate in the deliberations of the convention. 
In order to increase as much as possible the 
utility of the occasion, and to facilitate business, 
members and delegates are requested to forward 
specimens of fruits grown in their respective 
districts, and esteemed worthy of notice ; also 
papers descriptive of their mode of cultivation 
—of diseases and insects injurious to vegetation 
—of remedies for the same, and also to commu¬ 
nicate whatever may aid in promoting the ob¬ 
jects of the meeting. Each contributor is re¬ 
quested to make out a complete list of his speci¬ 
mens, and present the same with his fruits, that 
a report of all the varieties entered may be sub¬ 
mitted to the meeting as soon as practicable 
after its organization. 
Packages of fruits and communications may 
be addressed as follows “ For the American 
Pomological Society, care of W. A. Reynolds, 
Esq., Chairman Com. of Arrangemen s, Roches¬ 
ter, N. Y.” 
Delegations will please forward certificates of 
their appointment, either to the above, or to the 
undersigned at Boston. 
Gentlemen desirous of becoming members of 
the Society, and of receiving its Transactions, 
may do so by remitting to the Treasurer, Thomas 
P. James, Esq., Philadelphia, Penn., the admis¬ 
sion fee of two dollars, for biennial, or twenty 
dollars for life membership. 
AIarshall P. Wilder, Pres't. 
II. W. S. Cleveland, Scc’y. 
Boston, Mass , March 15,1856. 
tomtit f arauray. 
Chicago...’.ICO 
We can assure our readers, that from a little 
experience with this route, we have been en¬ 
tirely satisfied with its promptness in convey¬ 
ing trees, forwarded by N. Y. Central Railroad, 
and special notice having been given to the 
Lake Shore Agent. 
R. N. Rice, of Detroit, Superintendent of the 
Alichigan Central Railroad, writes, “ We fully 
appreciate the benefits to the West in planting 
good fruit trees, and I think we have always 
tried to give them a fair share of attention, 
knowing the importance of prompt handling._ 
We shall try to give all our freight this season 
better dispatch than ever before, as we have 
added largely this winter to our capacity in 
Apple Jelly.— Take apples of the best quali¬ 
ty and good flavor, (not sweet,) cut them in 
quarters or slices, and stew them till soft; then 
strain out the juice, being very careful not to 
let any of the pulp go through the strainer.— 
Boil it to the consistency of molasses; then 
weigh it and add as many pounds of sugar, stir¬ 
ring in constantly until the sugar is dissolved. 
Add one ounce of extract, of lemon to every 
twenty pounds of jelly, and when cold, set it 
away in jars. It will keep good for years.— 
Those who have net made jelly in this way will 
do well to try it. They will find it superior to 
currant jelly.— Subscriber’s Daughter, Oris- 
kany Fcdls, N. Y. 
Coloring Butter with Carrots. — I have 
practiced coloring butter with the juice of 
the orange carrot for seven years, and consider 
it a great improvement in the looks and flavor of 
the butter ; also, to the price of it in market.— 
I consider white butter but little better than 
lard for table use. I put the carrot to soak over 
night after it is grated, the quantity, according 
to the amount of cream sufficient to give it a 
good color.— Subscriber, Belfast, N. Y. 
A nail in the ink-stand, or some old steel 
pens, that the acid of the ink can eat upon, will 
prevent steel pens in use from being rusty. 
Vincent Barnes, of Washington, improvement in rail¬ 
road car brakes. 
La Fayette Blair, of Bainesville, O , improved hot blast 
furnace. 
Wm. Butler, of Little Falls, X. Y., improvement in 
valves for lock gates. 
Wm. L. Carter, Marietta, Pa., improved ore washer. 
Jno. II. Cheever, Boston, improvement in the manufac¬ 
ture of India rubber beltiDg or banding. ~ 
Clinton W. Clapp, Nappinger’s Falls, N. Y., improved 
bench clamp. 
Edwin B. Clement and Silas G. Willie, Barnet, Vt., for 
improvement in washing machines. — 
Charles Davenport, Watertown, Mass., improved appa¬ 
ratus for heating buildings by steam. 
Henry R. David, New York, improvement in sewiDg ma¬ 
chines. 
Na ncy Davy, executrix of Edward Davy, deceased, late 
of Crediton, England, improvement in machinery for pre¬ 
paring hemp and flax. Patented in England Nov. 13 1852. 
Robert D. Dwyer, Richmond, Va., improved apparatus 
for preventing horses in carriages from falling. 
. R. Eickemeyer, Yonkers, improvement in parallel rulers. 
Francois Garcin, Philadelphia, improvement in prepara¬ 
tion of tallow for making candles. 
Peter C. Guion, Cincinnati, improvement in spark con¬ 
ductors for locomotive trains. 
R. Gould, Whitewater, Wis., improvement in tanning. 
Henry Hays, Quincy, Ill., improvement in carriage tops. 
Samuel A. Kinsman and Samuel Field, Barre, Mass., im- 
provement in machinery for ironing hats. 
Israel S. Love, Beloit, Wis., improvement in harvest 
cutters. 
Horatio N. Macomber, Lynn, Mass., improved spirit 
blow pipe. 
Jacob .1. Mann, Westville, Ind., improvement in mowing 
machines. 
Jno. C. Morris, Cincinnati, improved method of bending 
wood. 
Frederick Newbury, Albany, improvement in revolving 
fire arms. 
Henry Nycum, Uniontown, Pa., improvement in carriage 
hubs. 
Leonard Phleger, Tamapqua, improvement in steam 
boilers. 
Benj. T. Roney, Philadelphia, improyement in grain and 
grass harvesters. 
Edwin P. Russell, Manlius, improvement in straw cut¬ 
ters. 
Job Sands, Sands’ Mills, N. Y., improvement in lime 
kilns. 
Richard Savary, Steubenville, Ohio, improvements in 
puddling iron. 
Theodore Sharp, North Greenbush, improved method of 
straining mulley saws. 
Wm. F. Shaw, Boston, improvement in apparatus for 
heating or cooking by gas. 
Alfred E. Smith, Bronxville, improved boxes for axles. 
George N. Stearns, Syracuse, mortising and boring ma¬ 
chine. 
Mathias Soverel, Orange, N. Y., improved mode of se¬ 
curing thills to axles. 
. Abraham Steers, Medina, improvement in apparatus for 
making extracts. 
Robert L. Stevens, Hoboken, improvement in means for 
reducing the friction of slide valves in steam engines 
Wm. Mt. Storm, New York, improvement in revolving 
firearms. “T »» 
Henry D. Stover and Jas. W. Bicknell, Boston, machine 
for cutting irregular forms. 
Pliny Thayer, Lansingburg, improvement in harvester 
cutters. 
John B. Thomas, Cinninnati, improved plane stock. 
Erastus Tracy, Troy, improved wrench. 
A. F. and C. M. H. Warren, Brooklyn, fountain pen. 
Wm. Wells and Mellin Bray, Turner, Me., improved ma¬ 
chine for cutting out and “ skiving” the soles of boots and 
shoes, and also for cutting the “ rands” therein. 
Edwin Wright, Philadelphia, improved dove-tailing ma¬ 
chine. 
Abner Whiteley, Springfield, O., improvements ingrain 
and grass harvesters. 
Moses Woodbury, Boston, improved faucet. 
Elisha Pratt, Salem, assignor through others to himself 
and Thos. P. Pengree, ot same place, improvement in lea¬ 
ther splitting machines. 
Chas. C. Reed, Philadelphia, assignor to hYmself, Wm. 
S. Reinert, and Jacob Schnell, of same place, improvement 
in manufacture of umbrella ribs. 
Lorenzo Stratton, Feltonville, Mass., assignor to him¬ 
self and Luther Hill, Stoneham, Mass., improvement in 
the manufacture of boot and shoe soles. 
Wm. C. Watson, New York, assignor to IraW. Gregory, 
of same place, improvement in sewing machines. 
Chas. Schmidt, Union, Me., improved method of boxing 
carriage wheels. 
RE-ISSUES. 
Abner Whiteley, Springfield, O., improvement in grain 
and grass harvesters. 
Benona Howard, New York, assignee of Lewis Smith, 
late of Brandon, Vt., impr vement in machinery for split¬ 
ting match splints. Patented March 28, 1848. 
ADDITIONAL IMPROVEMENT. 
J. J. Savage, New York, improvement in excavating 
machines. Patented January 8,1836. 
Eds. Rural: —Your correspondent D. R. 
makes inquiries in regard to the above named 
composition. I would refer him to « A Home 
for All,” where he can find ample information 
as to the manner of “ making and using.” 
In the spring of 1854,1 put up a small build¬ 
ing, varying somewhat from Mr. Fowler’s plan 
in materials and relative quantities. I used 
cobble stone inside the wall, instead of chip- 
stone, and 20 parts of sand and gravel to one of 
lime, exclusive of stone, which was added as 
the mortar was deposited in the box or mold._ 
I used as many stones as the mortar would 
readily cover. The coarser the sand the strong¬ 
er the wall. For “ foundation wall and fence” 
I have not had sufficient experience to justify 
a negative decision ; but have seen two that 
crumbled and fell after standing one winter_a 
cellar wall and strip of fence. The foundation 
for my building was made in the usual manner, 
lime mortar and stone laid to a line, and carried 
two feet above the ground, so that the action of 
the frost in the edrth might not affect the con¬ 
crete. Cost one-fourth less than wood. It has 
thus far resisted the combined assaults of rain 
and frost, “allied powers,” it would seem,pow¬ 
erful enough to demolish walls of Sebastopol’s 
strength, in such seasons as this and the pre¬ 
ceding.—C. O., Perinton, N. Y. 
The following is a brief summary of its cost, 
durability, etc., according to the experience of 
Rock county. The common proportions are one 
bushel of good slaked lime to ten or twelve 
bushels of coarse sand and gravel. The finer 
the sand the larger must be the proportion of 
lime. Have your box ready, which is simply 
two planks of any convenient width, say 12 
inches, held together with clamps, then mix 
your mortar as thick as it will work conven¬ 
iently, and pour it in. To make a smooth wall 
it should be worked down the sides with a 
trowel so as to get the sand next the planks 
and the stones and gravel towards the centre. 
Let it stand one day before raising the box for 
another course, if the weather is pleasant, or if 
it is damp and raining, two days will be neces¬ 
sary. 
Stone should be laid for the foundation so as 
to commence the wall 5 or 6 inches from the 
ground; as it will absorb sufficient moisture 
from the ground to destroy the cement and 
cause it to crumble, after a lapse of years. Or, 
, the foundation can be laid in water-lime. In 
plastering you apply the plaster to the wall, 
and it becomes a part of the wall itself, being 
as hard and solid as a rock. As for durability, 
the probability is that if not torn down by vio¬ 
lence they will endure until old earth itself is 
weary with its travels, and sinks into chaos.— 
The oldest buildings of the kind in this county 
have stood the test for ten or twelve years, and 
apparently grow more solid and firm with each 
year that is added to their age. The cost is 
less with us than that of any other material for 
building. A man will furnish all the materials 
and build your wall for 6 cents per foot, making 
$2,00 per day for his labor. A fence would 
cost only about one-half as much, or 3 cents per 
foot.—P. P. L., LAma, Rock Co., Wis. 
AM. SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. 
THE NIAGARA’S ENGINE. 
Engines for propellers rarely if ever, have less 
than two cylinders; the Niagara’s have three, 
72 inches in diameter, and three feet stroke, 
which will lie side by side athwart the ship.— 
The cylinders weigh 19,400 pounds each, and 
the condensers 22,000. The crank, crank-shaft 
and crank pins are all forged in one piece, and 
weigh 26,000 pounds. The crank-shaft is 30 
feet long. The propeller shatt is forged in four 
pieces, 17 inches in diameter, and of a total 
length of 95 feet, weighing 70,000 pounds. The 
propeller 18 feet 4 inches in diameter. The 
pitch of the blades is 29 feet 6 inches. The sur¬ 
face of both contains 43 square feet. At the 
hub, the blades are %% inches thick, tapering 
to 1 inch. The weight of the propeller is 22,- 
000 pounds. 
There are 4 boilers, each is 21 feet long, 11 
feet 6 inches deep, and 15 feet high, exclusive 
of steam chimneys. They are constructed on 
Martin’s patent. Each has 6 furnaces, and 
2,040 verticle composition tubes 2 inches in di¬ 
ameter. There are 17,500 feet of fire surface in 
them. They weigh about 46 tons each. They 
will stand in the ship lengthwise, two on each 
side, facing each other—to be coaled from the 
centre. There will be a smoke-pipe to two 
boilers. The weight of the engine and boilers 
is about 355 tons ; the power, that of 1,200 
horses. The whole will be below the water¬ 
line, except a small part of the steam-pipes. 
Breech-loading fire-arms are superseding 
(he old form ; even cannon are so constructed. 
The American Association for the advance¬ 
ment of science holds its next annual session at 
Albany in the fall. Most of the distinguished 
scientific men of our own country have, hereto¬ 
fore, met together on these occasions, but for¬ 
eign scholars have not usually been present; 
and an effort is now making to effect a change 
in this respect. Application has been made by 
a committee, to the several steamship and packet 
companies to lend their aid in this behalf, and 
the request has been nobly responded to by most 
of them. 
Mr. E. Cunard, of the Cunard liues, writes to 
say that he “ places at the disposal of the com¬ 
mittee for any of the gentlemen named a free 
passage (or two, if required) from and to Eng¬ 
land in any one of the Cunard steamships.”— 
Mr. C. H. Sand, of the Bremen line, “ will feel 
happy to give a free passage in the Washington 
and Hermann to any four of the distinguished 
guests.” Mr. Mortimer Livingston “ will most 
cheerfully give free passage to any persons 
named by the committee whose convenience 
may be consulted by making the voyage in any 
one of the steamers under his control.” Mr. E. 
C. Morgan, of the London line of packets, will 
give four free passages, and Mr. Cornelius 
Grinnell, of the Liverpool iine, one to any per¬ 
son named by the committee, Mr. McSymon, of 
the Glasgow line, “ has forwarded the commit¬ 
tee’s letter to his directors at Glasgow, who, he 
has not a doubt, will look on it favorably.”— 
No reply from the Collins line has yet been 
made public. 
James S. Wadsworth, of Geneseo, has tender¬ 
ed $500 to defray the expenses of Liebeg, the 
Agricultural Chemist, 
Deep Soundings. —It is-known that very deep 
soundings were made by the North Pacific Ex¬ 
pedition. By a new contrivance, invented by 
Lieut. Brooke, the lead was carried down 1,700 
fathoms—nearly two miles, and four goose-quills 
full of the bottom brought up. Insects of the 
extremest littleness were found in the sand, 
which showed that they had been alive until 
the enormous pressure under which they had 
their being was removed. Many may think 
this to be a discovery of no special consequence; 
but it was precisely by means of such that 
Lieut. Maury demonstrated the possibility of 
laying the submarine telegraph to England.— 
The delicacy of the insects which were drawn 
up showed that there was no current across the 
line of the telegraphic cable to disturb its posi¬ 
tion.— N. Y. Com. Adv. 
-—-“ • . •' * ' ^ ” w ... . .....«.<■>,».»... .................> 
7 — ~ 
