MY .10. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
153 
inttatur. 
SCHOOL STATISTICS OF ROCHESTER. 
It appears by tbe statistics contained in the 
forthcoming report of John Atwater, late Su¬ 
perintendent of Schools for this city, that the 
whole number of scholars of school age residing 
within the corporation limits is 16,077; of whom 
8,192 reside on the West, and 7,885 on the East 
side of the river. There are eighteen library 
districts in the city, containing the following 
list of pupils each, viz.:—No. 1,1,140 ; 2, 827 ; 
3, 1,006 ; 4, 603; 5, 848 ; 6, 1,554 ; 7, 524; 8, 
162 ; 9, 1,293 ; 10, 1,411 ; 11, 822 ; 12, 834 ; 13, 
725; 14, 1,296; 15, 442; 16, 1,007; 17, 1,039; 
18, 344. 
The amount raised by city tax applicable to 
teachers’ wages and contingent expenses, is 
$27,497 ; received from the State, exclusive of 
library money, $9,435,06. The amount raised by 
tax for building purposes is $10,000, and for 
leasing, altering and repairing school houses, 
$3,000 more ; making a grand total of moneys 
expended for school purposes, exclusive of li¬ 
brary money, $49,932,06. The amount of libra¬ 
ry money appropriated by the State the present 
year is $695,45. 
The whole number of different scholars which 
have attended the schools since the commence¬ 
ment of the school year in September, is 7,469, 
and the whole number which have attended 
private schools during the past year is 2,447; 
making in all who are receiving the benefits of 
our educational institutions an aggregate of 
9,916—leaving the surprising amount of thirty- 
eight per cent, of our juvenile population to grow 
up in ignorance and vice. 
The average cost per scholar at the private 
schools is about $24 a year, while in the public 
schools it is $11,73 ; in the former case the tui¬ 
tion is paid by the parent or guardian of the 
pupil, and in the latter by tax on the property 
of the city, leaving the cost of attendance to 
the scholars absolutely free. 
Many of the districts contain new and valu¬ 
able school houses, among which may be men¬ 
tioned Nos. 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 17, but 
others are old, small, and incommodious, and 
must be superceded as soon as possible by bet¬ 
ter and large buildings. Of some of these last 
named, the ex-Superintendent says : 
No. 4 Library District contains 603 children 
of suitable age to attend school. The school 
house is only large enough to accommodate 100 
pnpils. A school for the benefit of this dis¬ 
trict is kept in the third story of J. B. Bennett’s 
block, on Buffalo st., known as Buffalo st. School. 
The rooms thus occupied are in no w r ay suitable 
for such purpose. No. 4 is in much need of a 
large first-class house, and a senior school. 
No. 18, lying south of Nos. 3 and 4, is a now 
district, and has never had a school house.— 
This district contains 344 children of suitable 
school age. If a building suitable for a school 
room, and well located, can be hired, it will be 
well to open a Primary School in the district 
during the coming season. 
No. 7 is much in need of a new house. The 
number of children in this district, of suitable 
age to attend school, is 524. The present house 
will contain seats for only about 70. . 
At No. 9 the house is old and decidedly too 
small. The large and rapidly increasing pop¬ 
ulation of this district, will soon require a large, 
substantial, first-class house. 
The house in No. 12 is one of the oldest in 
the city, and too small to accommodate the 
scholars of the district. Of late the Primary 
School has been kept in a house rented for the 
purpose, separate from the school building. 
The propriety of consolidating Nos. 11 and 
12 has been the subject of much conversation. 
There are in these two districts 1,656 children 
of suitable school age, all living near enough to 
be accommodated at one building, if centrally 
located. 
The Senior School room at No. 12 is too small 
to seat comfortably all the scholars belonging 
to that department in the district; while the 
scholars of No. 11 are without a Senior School. 
From these facts it is reasonable to infer that 
the proposed plan of consolidation is a good 
one, which, if adopted, will require what is very 
much needed, viz., a new house, of the largest 
size, and most substantial and finished work¬ 
manship. 
Starting Children in tue World.— Many an 
unwise parent labors hard and lives sparingly 
all his life, for the purpose of having enough to 
give his children a start in the world,as it is call¬ 
ed. Setting a young man afloat with money left 
him by his relatives, is like tying bladders un¬ 
der the arms of one who cannot swim—ten 
chances to one he will lose his bladders and go 
to the bottom. Teach him to swim, and he will 
never need the bladders. Give your child a 
sound education, and you have done enough for 
him. See to it that his morals are pure, and 
his mind cultivated, and his whole nature sub¬ 
servient to the laws which govern man, and you 
have given him what will be of more value 
than the wealth of the Indies. YY>u have given 
him a start Avhicli no misfortune can deprive 
him of. The earlier you teach him to depend 
upon his own resources, the better.— Selected. 
The Sultan has authorized the publication of 
a journal in the Arabic language, in order to 
supply the intellectual wants of the tribes in¬ 
habiting Syria, Egypt, and all that part of the 
empire Avhere Arabic alone is spoken. This 
journal, which is to be called Mirat ul Ahval, 
(the Mirror of the People,) will appear once a 
week, and will be conducted after the manner 
of the Turkish journal, Djeridel Havadis. 
For Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
USES OP WORDS, ETC.-NO. II. 
Verbs denoting the exercise of the senses:— 
"She looks handsomely.” Does she exercise 
the sense of sight ? does she do the looking ?— 
if so, use the adverb. “ The rose smells sweet.” 
Does the rose do the smelling ? if so, &c. So 
also of tasting, feeling, <fcc. Rule.— If the per¬ 
son, or thing, spoken of, is to be represented as do¬ 
ing something, (i. e., as exercising the senses,) 
use the adverb, (to denote the manner of acting ;) 
otherwise use the adjective, (to denote the charac¬ 
ter, or appearance.) 
“ Three times three are nine.” If this is cor¬ 
rect, then it is correct to say three are a definite 
number; for in both cases the subject is the 
same, (three.) “ The adjuncts of the subject do 
not affect the person, or number, of a verb.” 
And if there are not a definite number, then 
three, repeated three times, (i. e., 3 times 3 f ) are 
not a definite number. Hence “ three times 
three is nine,” etc. 
“I had rather starve than beg.” “Rather” 
is an adverb, denoting a degree of preference. 
Omit it, and parse had starve, if you can.— 
“ Would” implies choice, and conveys our mean¬ 
ing precisely. Hence use it instead of had. In 
some instances, “ would” seems not to meet the 
case; as, “you had better attend to your own 
business.” In such examples, use another 
auxiliary; as, “you may, or might, <fec.,” or 
change the phraseology ; as, “ It would be bet¬ 
ter for you to attend,” (fee. 
“ The two first,” “ the three last.” There can 
be but one first, one last, (fee. If A is the first 
letter of the alphabet, B must be the second. 
But if A and B are both first, as they must be if 
there are tivo first, then C must be the second. 
If, however, we divide them into two’s, three’s, 
(fee., there may be a first two, a second two, cfec. 
I have read all that I can find on the other side 
of the question, but have not seen an argument 
that meets the case. An appeal to authorities, 
or standards, is superfluous, for we have none. 
This is proved by the fact, that even those who 
appeal to standards, do not acknowledge them, 
for they select from these very standards, what 
they call “ Examples of False Syntax;” thus 
making their own judgment their standard. A 
standard imperfect or deficient, is no standard 
at all. 
“Previously to observation, we might sup¬ 
pose,” <fec. In such examples the adverb is im¬ 
properly used. “ Previous-to” is a compound 
preposition, like “according-to,” “as-to,” efcc., 
meaning before, and should be so parsed. The 
same is true of many other phrases ; as, anteri- 
or-to, (before,) posterior-to, (after,) pursuant-to, 
(by, or according to,) <fcc., and so of many others. 
Remark—Criticisms on language should be 
founded on the “ Principles of Language;” i. e., 
in all disputed points, or questions, there should 
be a resort to the radical meaning and corres¬ 
ponding use of words. These, custom cannot 
control, although it may introduce certain mod¬ 
ifications, such as secondary meanings, idioms, 
dialects, or even anomalies. Some of these are 
perhaps always under the control of custom, 
and hence are not subject to the ordinary rules 
of grammar. “The grammatical forms which 
constitute the organization of a language, are 
not the w T ork of civilization, but of nature. It 
is not writers, nor arbitrary conventions, that 
give laws to language ; the forms of grammar, 
the power of combinations, the possibility of 
inversions, spring from within us, and are a 
consequence of our own organizations.” 
Out West, May, 1855. J. L. II. 
HINTS TO YOUNG LEARNERS. 
Noah Webster, in his manual, says:—“In 
early life, during my course of education, much 
time was spent in learning what I never had 
occasion to apply to any purpose whatever, and 
a great part of which has long since been for¬ 
gotten ; but I neglected to learn many things 
which I have had occasion to use all my life.— 
A great deal of time and labor was employed, 
for the most part, wasted, in general reading, or 
reading and study without a specific object.— 
It was not till I commenced the study of law 
that I discovered the mistake. I then changed 
my course of study, and instead of reading to 
learn general facts and principles, many of 
which could not be retained in the memory, I 
directed my attention to particular questions or 
points, each separately, and thus was able to 
become fully possessed of each subject, and to 
recollect boLli facts and principles. 
A mistake like this is probably not uncom¬ 
mon. It often occurs in schools in which chil¬ 
dren are directed to learn definitions, or gene¬ 
ral principles, without any application of them 
to particular objects or cases. These, of course, 
make little impression on the mind, and many 
of them are soon forgotten.” 
W Oman’s Charity. —That was a beautiful idea 
of the wife of an Irish schoolmaster, who whilst 
poor himself, had given gratuitous instruction 
to poor scholars, but when increased in worldly 
goods, began to think that he could not afford 
his services for nothing : 
“O James, don’t say the like o’that,” said 
the gentle-hearted woman—“don’t; a poor 
scholar never came into the house that I didn’t 
feel as if he brought fresh air from Heaven 
with him—I never miss the bit I give them— 
my heart warms to the soft, homely sound of 
their bare feet on the floor, and the door almost 
opens of itself to let them in.” 
Four hundred years ago, a single book of gos¬ 
siping fiction was sold before the palace gate in 
the French capital for fifteen hundred dollars. 
The same amount of matter contained in this 
expensive volume, Mr. Harper now supplies for 
twenty-five cents. 
refill $lifl. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
HUMAN NECESSITIES. 
It has been truly said, that “necessity is the 
mother of invention ;” for without her impera¬ 
tive demands urging men to action, very few 
really great inventions and discoveries would 
ever have seen the light of day. Now and then, 
indeed, individual instances occur where science 
and invention are persued solely for the love of 
the thing, without a thought beyond the plea¬ 
sure it affords; but where one such occurs, we 
see a thousand where the means of procuring a 
livelihood is a powerful superadded motive. 
We do not intend to say that the love of a pur¬ 
suit and its prosecution are not generally 
united; indeed, in a country where men are 
left free to choose their own profession, they 
usually adopt one consonant with their tastes 
and habits. 
A great exigency arises, which the present 
facilities are incompetent to meet; and straight¬ 
way a thousand heads and a thousand hands 
are set to work to study out and apply a remedy. 
Human progress seems to be impeded by an 
insurmountable obstacle, but ere the difficulty 
is fairly met, some heretofore unknown means 
of escape is discovered. The demand for a more 
ready means of communicating thought is called 
for, and printing becomes known to the world ; 
the exigencies of commerce called for a more 
speedy and certain means of propelling ships 
than the changing winds, and steam is made 
the motor for the paddle wheel; a more rapid 
and potent means of transit over the country 
than the mail coach is demanded, and there¬ 
upon the rail car comes into being; there 
springs up a necessity for fuel, in order to save 
our forests from annihilation, and men at once 
turn to exploring the bowels of the earth, and 
disinter the inexhaustible vegetable remains of 
a pre-Adamite world; the requirements of ex¬ 
panding trade call for a larger supply of the 
precious metals, as a circulating medium to 
carry on exchanges, and California and Austra¬ 
lia open up their hidden treasurers. 
So it is always ; we look ahead and contem¬ 
plate a crisis, wherein present supplies or pres¬ 
ent means will prove inadequate; but ere the 
crisis comes, some wonderful discovery not only 
meets the exigency, but vastly surpasses all 
previous aids. 
The necessities of men prompt all this pro¬ 
gress; and when we hear persons complain of 
those necessities as burdens placed upon un¬ 
willing shoulders, we cannot resist the enquiry, 
what would they become were all these burdens 
removed ? Mere stocks and stones; reeds float¬ 
ing down the stream of time ; organic remains 
of a God-like race, which, prompted by necessi¬ 
ty, treads in intellectual developments close on 
the footsteps of angels. Let no one murmur 
then, that necessities impel him to action, for 
it is wisely ordered that suvh a spur should be 
applied to our otherwise sluggish intent, to 
urge us into action, and compel us to do great 
deeds. 
THE AMERICAN FLAG IN ENGLAND. 
A new work recently issued from the press of 
Dana <& Co., New York, entitled “Men and 
Times of the Revolution ; or Memoirs of Elka- 
nah Watson, including Journals of Travel in 
Europe and America from 1777 to 1842; with 
his correspondence with public men, and Rem- 
iniscenses and Incidents of the Revolution,” 
gives the following curious relation of the first 
American flag hoisted in England : 
“ Soon after my arrival in England, having 
won at the insurance office one hundred guineas, 
on the event of Lord Howe’s relieving Gibral¬ 
tar, and dining the same day with Copley, the 
distinguished painter, who was a Bostonian by 
birth, I determined to devote the sum to a por¬ 
trait of myself. The painting was finished in a 
most admirable style, except the background 
which Copley and myself designed to represent 
a ship bearing to America the intelligence of 
the acknowledgement of independence, with 
the sun just rising upon the stripes of the Union 
streaming from her gaff. All was complete save 
the flag, which Copley did not esteem prudent 
to hoist under present circumstances, as his 
gallery was the constant resort of the royal 
family and the nobility. 
“ I dined with the artist on the glorious 5th 
of December, 1782, after listening with him to 
the speech of the King formally receiving and 
recognizing the United States of America into 
the rank of nations. Previous to dining, and 
immediately after our return from the House of 
Lords, he invited me into his studio, and there, 
with a bold hand, a master’s touch, and I be¬ 
lieve an American heart, attached to the ship 
the stars and stripes. This was, I imagine, the 
first American flag hoisted in Old England." 
Pomona and Mars. —Mr. Thomas Bond, the 
wholesale fruiter who died in Philadelphia on 
Wednesday, was much attached to the military 
profession. He served in the whole of the war 
of 1812 against England, and subsequently 
went to Mexico and served in the army during 
the revolution, was taken prisoner and sent to 
Spain, where he remained until peace was pro¬ 
claimed. He then commenced the occupation 
of fruit merchant. 
The life that is devoted to knowledge passes 
silently away, and is very little diversified by 
events. To talk in public, to think in solitude, 
to read and to hear, to inquire and answer in¬ 
quiries, is the business of a scholar. He wan¬ 
ders about the world without pomp or terror, 
and is neither known nor valued but by men 
like himself.— Rasselas. 
SLEEPLESSNESS. 
It is the result of over bodily or mental effort. 
When a man works beyond his strength, or 
thinks or studies more than rest can restore, 
then, sooner or later, comes that inability to 
sleep soundly, that wakefulness, which is more 
wearing even than bodily labor, and which feeds 
the debility which first gave rise to it. The 
result is, a man is always tired, never feels 
rested, even when he leaves his bed in the 
morning ; hence he Avastes away, and finds re¬ 
pose only in the grave ; if indeed, insanity does 
not supervene. It is too often a malady, rem¬ 
ediless by medical means. Avoid then, as you 
would a viper or a murderer, all over effort of 
mind and body ; it is suicidal. Whatever you 
do, get enough sleep ; whatever you do, take 
enough rest to restore the used energies of each 
preceding tAventy-four hours; if you do not. 
you may escape for a few months, and if possess¬ 
ing a good constitution, years may pass away 
before any decided ill result forces itself on 
your attention ; but rest assured, the time will 
come, when the too often baffled system, like a 
baffled horse, will refuse to work ; it will not 
take prompt and sound sleep; it will not be 
rested by repose, and that irritating wakefulness 
will come upon you, which philosophy cannot 
conquer, which medicine cannot cure, and wast¬ 
ing by slow degrees to skin and bone, rest is 
found only in the grave.— Dr. Hall. 
INVENTIONS. 
The man who is accustomed to work at one 
branch of business becomes habituated to its 
very defects, and, in a measure, insensible or 
blind to them. On the other hand, a stranger 
to that business, if of an ingenious turn of mind, 
is more ready to notice such defects, .and to plan 
and labor to make improvements. This is per¬ 
haps not a general rule, but it has happened in 
very many instances. Arkwright was a barber, 
yet he invented a most valuable improvement 
in cotton spinning machinery. Whitney wa3 
not a maker of cotton machines when he in¬ 
vented the saw-gin. Cartwright, the inventor 
of the power-loom, wasan Episcopalian Clergy¬ 
man. Forsyth, the inventor of the percussion 
lock for fire-arms, was a Presbyterian minister, 
and the Rev. Burt, of Manchester, Conn., was 
the inventor of the first American check loom. 
We could present a long list of inventors who 
have made valuable improvements on machines 
entirely out of their own line of business.— Sel. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
GEOGRAPHICAL ENIGMA. 
I am composed of 14 letters. 
My 3, 7, 4, 5, 9 is a county in Illinois. 
My 1, 4, 5,11 is a lake in Russia. 
My 1, 6, 13, 10, 11 is a city in New Y'ork. 
My 12, 5, 14, 6, 7, 2 is a county in Iowa. 
My 8, 11, 9, 7,14 is a county in Illinois. 
My whole is the name of a distinguished lit¬ 
erary production. 
Ischua, N. Y. J. R. H. 
Answer next week. 
For the Rural New-Yorker. 
ARITHMETICAL PROBLEM. 
Two men were employed to dig a trench for 
$150, each to receive one-half. They com¬ 
menced at a given point and dug in opposite 
directions, but the ground being more difficult 
in one place than the other, the former received 
$1,375 per rod and the latter $1,125. How long 
was the whole ditch, and hoAV much of it did 
each dig ? 
Milford, Mich. D.M. K. 
Answer next week. 
A CHARM, 
The following singular and ingenious collec¬ 
tion of words, four of them being Latin, has 
been used, it is said, as a charm against certain 
diseases. Doubtful as their efficacy for this 
may be, they may at least serve to amuse. It 
reads every way the same : 
SATOR 
AREPO 
TENET 
OPERA 
ROTAS 
For Moores Rural New-Yorker. 
WEEP NOT. 
Though sorrow bow thy bleeding heart, 
And deepest woes thy thoughts employ ; 
Yet God can love and peace impart, 
And turn thy mourning into joy. 
AVeep not—Io ! on the passing storm 
The Iris’ radiant arch is hung ; 
So unto thee in grief forlorn 
Hope’s bow of glory now is fluDg. 
Weep not—for free from woe or care, 
The dead in Jesus now are blest; 
No pains disturb their slumbers there, 
No griefs intrude upon their rest. 
Weep not—beyond death’s gloomy reign 
A day of holy light shall break ; 
These sundered friends shall meet again, 
For sleeping saints in joy shall wake. 
Weep not—oh ! bear thy heavy woe, 
And lay it at thy Savior’s throne ; 
So when earth’s griefs no more we know, 
Thou shalt have joy, and joy alone. 
Honeoye, N. Y. H. C. H. 
MORNING DEVOTION. 
It is remarkable wliat numerous examples 
we have of early rising in the Scriptures. Let 
any one take a concordance and look out the 
passages where it is mentioned, and he will be 
surprised at their number. Are not such ex¬ 
amples binding on Christians ? Abraham arose 
up early in the morning to offer sacrifice^; 
“ Early will I seek Thee,” said the Psalmist ; 
and shall not Christians early rise to pay their 
vows unto God ? “ Very early in the morning” 
the holy woman came to the sepulchre to em¬ 
balm the Saviour ; and shall not His disciples 
seek their risen Lord early in the day ? Chris¬ 
tians ! when are you most apt to neglect 
prayer, or perform it hastily and unprofitably ? 
Is it not when you omit early rising 7 When 
are you most prone to neglect reading the bible, 
or peruse its sacred pages negligently ? Is it 
not when you act the sluggard, and waste pre¬ 
cious hours in indolent repose ? At Avhat season 
do you peruse God’s word with delight, and call 
upon his name Avith fervor ? It is not when 
you early rise to pay your morning sacrifice ? 
Nature, then, as well as Scripture, indicates the 
value of the morning for religious meditation, 
reading and prayer. Neglect not, then, united 
intimations. Experience shows you the bene¬ 
fits of early rising. Profit by its voice. Let 
the dawn summon you from the bed of repose ; 
let the orb of day witness you at your devo¬ 
tions, supplicating that the sun of righteousness 
may arise upon you with healing in his beams. 
Thus your body will be invigorated, and your 
soul will be in health and prosper. “Whosois 
wise and will observe these things, even they 
shall understand the loving kindness of the 
Lord.”— Family Guardian. 
KEEP YOUR SABBATH HOLY. 
Be jealous on this point. Whether you live 
in town or country, resolve not to profane your 
Sabbath. Once give over caring for the Sab¬ 
bath, and in the end you will give over caring 
for your soul. The steps which lead to this are 
easy and regular. Begin with not honoring 
God’s day, and you will soon not honor God’s 
house ; cease to honor God’s house, and you soon 
cease to honor God’s book ; cease to honor God’s 
book, and by-and-by you will give God no hon¬ 
or at all. Let any one lay the foundation with 
no Sabbath, and I am never surprised if he fin¬ 
ishes with the top-stone of no God. It was a 
remarkable saying of Judge Hale, that of all 
the persons convicted of capital crimes while 
he was upon the bench, he found few who did 
not confess that they began their career of wick¬ 
edness by a neglect of the Sabbath.— Selected. 
Gem. —Who wrote the following beautiful ep¬ 
itaph on an infant ? It speaks to the heart: 
Beneath this stone, in sweet repose, 
Is laid a mother’s dearest pride ; 
A flower that scarce had waked to life, 
And light, and beauty, ere it died. 
God in his wisdom has recalled 
The precious boon his love had given ; 
And though the casket moulders here, 
The Gem is sparkling now in Heaven. 
Procrastination. —Archbishop Tillotson, the 
ablest preacher of this day, thus sets forth the 
folly of the great majority of mankind : 
“ Many men pass fifty or sixty years in the 
world ; and when they are just about going out 
of it, they bethink themselves, and step back, 
as it were, to do something which they had all 
the while forgot, viz., the main business which 
they came into the world, to repent of their sins, 
and reform their lives, and make their peace 
with God, and in time to prepare for eternity.” 
There is nothing on earth so beautiful as the 
household in which Christian love forever 
smiles, and where religion walks a counselor 
and friend. No cloud can darken if, for its twin 
stars are centered in the soul. No storms can 
make it tremble, for it has hea\’tnly support 
and a heavenly anchor. The home circle, sur¬ 
rounded by such influences, has an ante-taste 
of the joys of a heavenly home. 
Answer to Illustrated Rebus in No. 328 :— 
Incapacity and inability are not synonymous 
with sin. 
Answer to Charade in No. 330 :—Gun-pow¬ 
der-tea. 
Answer to Miscellaneous Enigma in No. 330: 
Bayard Taylor. 
O God, none of the distresses of thy children 
are hidden from thine eyes,—none‘are absent 
from thine heart,—they are in the book of re¬ 
membrance before thee; and when we seem 
past all hope, all possibility of help, then art 
thou nearest to us for deliverance.— Hall. 
The Great God seems to have given that com¬ 
mandment—knoAV thyself—to those men more 
especially who are apt to make remarks on 
other men’s actions, and forget themselves. 
