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JUNE 7. MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
finuatar. 
SUMMER SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS. 
The Summer Schools iu cities and the larger 
villages have most of them commenced, or 
rather, we might say, the brief vacation be¬ 
tween the winter and the summer term has 
elapsed, and pupils are again at work. The 
country school-houses, however, are not yet 
tenanted, as a general thing, but will be speed¬ 
ily ; and the bee-like hum of congregated child¬ 
hood will go up from rural nooks in which are 
collected the pure, the hopeful, and the lovely. 
Nothing can be more interesting to a contem¬ 
plative mind than such a congregation of the 
young, on which, in a few brief years, will rest 
all the responsibilities of humanity. How little 
do we think when looking upon a noisy and 
joyous group just issuing from the school-room, 
that it embraces the elements of the future 
manhood and womanhood of our country ; that 
the Chief Magistrate, the Legislator, the Judge, 
the Pulpit orator, the Forum advocate, as well 
as those who, by their physical labors, shall 
push on the car of civilization, are all repre¬ 
sented there. 
The duties of our school mistresses are ar¬ 
dent, and usually too poorly paid. Theirs is a 
labor of love and duty, which society does not 
hasten to recognize and reward. Many of the 
best and noblest of the female sex are to be 
met with in the ranks of our Common School 
teachers; and not unfrequently in after years 
they occupy honored positions. It may appear 
a somewhat broad assertion, but we venture the 
declaration notwithstanding, that in no other 
rank of society can a greater proportion of high- 
minded, intellectually gifted, noble women be 
found, than in this; and in no one is modest 
merit devoted to a cause more vitally important 
to the well-being of the community. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
‘‘DIG DEEP TO FIND THE GOLD.” 
“Dig deep to find the gold,” is an adage full 
of meaning and good sense : applicable to many 
occupations of the human race, and containing 
sound philosophy. That we must dig deep, is 
a truth not to be gainsayed ; the gold will not 
come into our hands without effort on our part 
to obtain it. No, we must dig deep! we must 
labor, toil and strive, not in an indolent and 
lazy manner, but with energy; not with a por¬ 
tion of our minds, but with the whole body and 
soul and all our talents; not dig for a season, 
and then give up because we find it hard, but 
we must continue digging and never give up. 
We will not have toiled long enough until we 
have toiled our life time. 
If we would find the gold of wisdom, we 
must dig deep in the mines of knowledge. The 
deeper we dig, the purer the metal. A mere 
superficial knowledge avails nothing; it will 
not be gold, but a baser metal. Beginning at 
the surface, we must dig toward the source or 
fountain head, and keep excavating as long as 
we live. 
An ardent thirst for knowledge is the true 
scholar’s moving power; without this, he will 
not have the zest for labor that characterizes the 
whole-souled student, whose powers are taxed 
to the utmost to delve in the mines of knowl¬ 
edge. If we thirst not for knowledge, our 
efforts to obtain it will be few and feeble com¬ 
pared with those of the strong and vigorous 
who dig for the gold, loving their employment. 
The true scholar labors with unfaltering zeal and 
unabated energy ; like the eagle that soars with 
untiring wing till his destination is reached, he 
strives to obtain the goal which he seeks, and 
with strong determination, overcoming every 
obstacle that impedes his progress, he hastens 
on. Nothing so great but his strong will mas¬ 
ters ; nothing so dark that his mind’s eye can¬ 
not pierce. Truly, he digs deep in the mine, 
and the gold will be his reward ; sweet will be 
the satisfaction with which he views it, for by 
“the sweat of his brow” was it obtained. 
We must dig! there is no other way. Let 
us then commence now, for the mine is open and 
we need the gold to pay our expenses through 
life. Wo need not wait to equip ourselves for 
digging, but, using perseverence for the pick¬ 
axe, strong determination for the spade, and our 
minds for a furnace, in which to separate the 
gold from the dross, may commence operations 
immediately. j. M , P> 
INJUSTICE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. 
Sir Walter Scott, I think, relates an inci¬ 
dent which should affect every teacher’s heart. 
In substance, it is as follows : 
While a boy at sliool. Sir Walter, for a long 
time, was unable to attain the head of his class. 
He faithfully maintained his post next to it._ 
But there was a bright lad above him who never 
would mis-spell his word. Sir Walter, deter¬ 
mined to get above him, had noticed, that when¬ 
ever his competitor began to spell, lie would 
seize hold of a certain button on his coat and 
nervously pick it until he finished his word.— 
In an evil moment, just before recitation, Sir 
Walter took his penknife and cut this button 
from the poor boy’s coat. Both went to recite 
with their class. The word was given out to 
the boy at the head, who made his usual move 
to seize the button. But it was gone. Such 
was his embarrassment, at the loss, that he 
“missed” his word,while Scott spelled it,went 
above him, and ever after kept above him. 
Years afterward, when Sir Walter saw that 
same poor boy a miserable and degraded man 
in the streets of London, he bitterly reproached 
himself as the cause of his ruin.—G. A. C., in 
Indiana School Journal. 
GREEK AND LATIN. 
There were two nations of antiquity more 
renowned, and infinitely more glorious, than 
Nineveh, or Babylon, or Egypt. Those two na¬ 
tions were Greece and Home. Each of these, 
besides its magnificent material ruins, has left 
us one monument more precious than all the 
bas-reliefs of Nineveh and Babylon, more noble 
than the Pyramids, more beautiful than the 
Parthenon, more lasting than the immovable 
rock of the Capitol. Those monuments are the 
Greek and Latin languages. In these languages 
we have a living embodiment of the thought, 
the spirit, the national life, of the two noblest 
nations of antiquity. To study and appreciate 
these monuments we need not cross oceans, to 
make personal pilgrimages to the old shrines of 
Rome and Athens. They are accessible at our 
firesides. Is it then a worthy employment to 
study the form, the habits, the genera, and 
species of the amphibia, that sported in the wa¬ 
ters of a long-since perished world ? Is it a 
dignified and worthy object of inquiry to disin¬ 
ter the buried splendors of Nineveh ? and is it 
a less dignified and worthy pursuit to study 
those two incomparably the noblest monuments 
of antiquity (the Christian Scriptures only ex¬ 
cepted,) the languages of Greece and Rome ?— 
Are not such monuments of antiquity as well 
worth studying as the pyramids of Egypt or 
the ruins of Babylon or Palmyra ?— J. M. Stur- 
tevant, D. D. 
THE DANGERS OF SCIENCE. 
It is a rather painfully interesting fact, that 
some of the most beautiful and valuable dis¬ 
coveries of modern science are highly service¬ 
able to crime and fraud. Counterfeiters and 
forgers seem to be as much inclined to use 
them, and promise to be as muc. benefited by 
them as honest men and honest arts. A new 
process of reproducing fac-similes of manu¬ 
script writing from stone, was exhibited at the 
last session of the French Academy of Sciences. 
A. M. Lachard, in the presence of that body, 
requested some of its members to write and 
sign their names to a few lines upon a sheet of 
paper. This, while yet moist, was placed by 
Lachard upon blotting paper, which he took to 
his house, leaving the original in the hands of 
an Academician, M. Segnier. The next day 
Mr. Segnier and his colleagues received two 
copies of this, one upon parchment and the 
other upon ordinary letter paper, so exactly 
like the original in all respects, as to defy a 
stranger to the experiment to tell which of the 
three first was written—which were copies and 
which was the original. Tl^e Academy re¬ 
quested Lachard not to make the process of 
this dangerous discovery public.— Alb. Journal. 
COLLEGE TRAINING TENDS TO EQUALITY. 
When the pupils have entered, they are gov¬ 
erned by the same laws; the rich and poor meet 
together, they sit side by side, they have the 
same tasks, and must submit to the same disci¬ 
pline. No circumstance of birth or wealth, as 
in England, exempts one portion from the labor 
enjoined upon another ; also among the students 
themselves, they are upon the same level. We 
do not intend to say that there are no “ college 
cliques.” There always are some who claim to 
be exclusive ; they bring such notions from 
home ; but there is no place like college for 
eradicating every notion of that kind. The 
good sense of the majority will not tolerate it, 
and those who take “ airs” upon themselves soon 
find that they are in a democracy such as so¬ 
ciety nowhere else knows. They must lay 
aside their exclusive notions, or meet a con¬ 
tempt silent and expressed, which very few can 
endure. 
Thus we find, from the day of entering to the 
day of graduation, those notions and distinctions 
of society that are contrary to real republican¬ 
ism, are on the wane. The students of worth, 
whose manners are gentlemanly, whose morals 
are unquestioned, and whose scholarship is good, 
are those who are respected in the class, whether 
rich or poor.— Paul A. Chadbourne, A. M. 
MASSACHUSETTS FREE SCHOOLS. 
The prominent and leading feature of the 
Massachusetts System of Free Schools, may be 
regarded as consisting in the enactment, that 
each and every township of the Commonwealth 
shall, from its own resources, make adequate 
and ample provision for the complete education 
of every child within its borders. The electors 
of the town may delegate this high trust, in 
part, by the organization of districts, the in¬ 
habitants and officers of which may carry out, 
within their jurisdiction, the requisitions of the 
law, subject to the general supervision and con¬ 
trol of the township and its school committee. 
In point of fact, most of the towns of the State 
are thus subdivided into districts, each of which 
has its “prudential committee,” generally con¬ 
sisting of one individual, chosen by the electors 
of the town or district, as may be deemed most 
expedient by the former, whose special duty it 
is to provide a suitable school-house, with all 
necessary appurtenances, fuel, etc., for the dis¬ 
trict, at the expense of its taxable inhabitants, 
and to employ a suitably qualified teacher. 
Public Schools of Rhode Island. — The 
whole number of children, of school age, within 
the State, is 39,011, while the average at¬ 
tendance is only 18,998. 
The amount expended for public schools for 
year ending May 1, 1855, was $153,431. The 
number of teachers employed in the State is 
G79 ;—275 males and 404 females. 
The average wages per month, of males, has 
been $33.65, including board ; and for females 
$17.65, including board. 
THE BAMBOO CANE. 
The Bamboo is a variety of the cane, which 
grows abundantly in warm climates, particu¬ 
larly those of Asia and Africa. It is a slender, 
hollow tree, rising sometimes to the height of 
sixty to eighty feet, although the common vari¬ 
eties do not usually grow over fifteen to twenty 
feet. The small size of the cane compared 
with its height is a remarkable feature ; speci¬ 
mens being frequently met with, not exceed¬ 
ing five inches in diameter and fifty feet in 
height. The trunk is smooth, and shining as if 
varnished, and is divided at intervals into 
joints, by knots or “internodes” from which 
spring alternately through its entire length from 
the base to the top, branches of long, pointed, 
and tough leaves, which, waving about as the 
tree bends and sways in the wind give to it 
a feathery and pleasing appearance. The ra¬ 
pidity of growth in the bamboo is another pe¬ 
culiar feature ; careful observation and measure¬ 
ment having shown it frequently to grow fifteen 
ro twenty feet in six weeks’ time. 
The value of the bamboo to the natives of the 
countries where it grows is incalculable. In its 
first stages of growth, the tender succulent 
fbfful f Uff. 
Written for Moore’a Rural New-Yorker. 
GET ALL YOU CAN! 
Passing two small boys in the streets a few 
days since who appeared to be in the midst of 
a very animated conversation, I overheard one of 
them (the younger) say to the other, with a 
great deal of emphasis, “ Git all you can, that’s 
the way to do it.” Without troubling myself 
about the orthography, my thoughts became 
interested in the principle which the language 
seemed to involve. 
Get all you can, has been uttered by older 
boys than these, and has become the motto of a 
laborious and perhaps (in the world’s eye) suc¬ 
cessful life of many a man who long since got 
all this world could give him. These men, 
thought I, who are rushing so hurriedly on 
through the crowded streets—who are bustling 
through the days, the weeks, the years, are all 
saying to themselves get all you can ; and it 
were well could they add, in all the sincerity of 
their hearts, honestly ; but it is too often the 
case, we fear, that those who make this motto 
their watchword, and wealth the end of their 
getting, are regardless of the means employed. 
So entirely absorbed do they become in the 
great end to be achieved, and so magnificent 
does it appear, magnified and remagnified in the 
shadowy distance, that it seems to sanctify any 
means whatever by which it may be attained. 
We are disposed to be as charitable as the 
perpendicular of truth, honesty and integrity 
will allow ; but the fact is no less true than 
melancholy, that those who hasten to get rich do 
so at the infinite expense of love, justice and 
truth. Get all you can, says the banker, while 
he demands three per cent, per month for the 
use of money which he knows the applicant 
must have, even at so great a sacrifice; and 
pockets the avails with as much satisfaction as 
if he had earned them by the sweat of his brow, 
instead of by the sweat of his conscience. 
Get all you can, says the lawyer, while he 
pleads for a man whom he knows to be guilty of 
the crime alleged against him, because, forsooth, 
the reward is large in the event of his success. 
Get all you can, says the merchant, while he ! 
sells goods at one hundred percent.in advance, j 
assuring his unsuspecting customers that they 
are getting them at just a fraction above the 
cost, while, in fact, he does nearly all the getting. 
Get all you can, says the manufacturer, while 
he makes a poor article and sells it for a good 
one, telling his customer that it is made of the 
very best material. 
Get all you can, says the miller, while he 
manufactures, packs and sells flour from West¬ 
ern wheat and marks on both heads of the bar¬ 
rel— pure Genesee. 
Get all you can, says the clerk, while he 
helps himself at the money drawer of his em¬ 
ployer. 
Get all you can, says the man in office, while 
he withholds from the public what the public 
has taxed itself to earn. 
Gel all you can, says the thief, while under 
the grateful cover of the night he helps himself 
L o what has cost another many an hour of 
shoots are used in a variety of ways as food; 
the juice of the older cane is made into a pleas¬ 
ant and healthful beverage ; and a secretion, 
called tabascheer, inside the joints, is used in the 
country where it grows for medicinal purposes; 
the slender stems serve for fishing rods, spear 
shanks, bows, and in the manufacture of every 
variety of domestic and agricultural implement; 
the larger trunks are used in the construction of 
houses, and the building of boats, the leaves 
serve for thatch and other similar uses. In 
many of the Asiatic countries, whole cities are 
built of bamboo alone. The cane forms no in¬ 
considerable article of commerce, also with 
civilized countries, where it is used in the man¬ 
ufacture of canes, fishing rods, and other simi¬ 
lar implements. 
The animal creation, not less than man, is 
greatly indebted to the bamboo for shade and 
shelter; its impenetrable thickets affording 
them protection and a safe retreat from their 
pursuers. The rapid growth, dense thickets, 
and tough hard stems render it very difficult to 
open and maintain roads through the bamboo 
forests. 
aching toil and himself only an outraged con¬ 
science and guilty soul. 
Get all' you can, says the pickpocket, while 
he walks into the pocket of a stranger and in¬ 
vites his money to walk out. 
Now, who will tell us which one of the num- 
bei we have mentioned has come the nearest to 
fulfilling the requirements of the great moral 
law ? Echo answers, which one ! 
That best of all books says :— Wisdom is the 
principle thing; therefore get wisdom; and with 
all thy getting, get understanding. In such get¬ 
ting there surely is safety. s. A. e. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
GREAT SEA IN TROPICAL AFRICA. 
In the Calwer Missionsblatt we find, with 
some letters from Dr. Rebman dated the 13th 
and 30th of April, a map which is communi¬ 
cated by the learned missionary. On this map, 
between the equator and 10 degrees of south 
latitude, and between the 23d and 30th meridi¬ 
an, lies an immense sea, without outlet, twice 
as large as the Black Sea, including the Sea of 
Azoff. It is designated Ukerewe, or Inner Sea, 
and the well-known Njassa Sea appears as a 
small bay on the southeast. Dr. Rebman refers 
to a map in detail which his companion, Dr. 
Erhardt, is bringing to Europe. 
This great discovery, the consequence of 
which can hardly be estimated, has rested 
hitherto on the testimony of the natives of both 
shores of the Inuer Sea with whom the mission- 
aiies came in contact. Dr. A. Petermann re¬ 
marks in a letter in the Athenmum, that the 
African geographer, Mr. Cooley, argued long 
ago for the existence of a single sea in the 
center of Equatorial Africa, and this opinion 
was prevented from becoming general only by 
the obstinate opposition of the missionaries of 
Eastern Africa, who now confess their error._ 
Christian Witness. 
WATERS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. 
The phenomenon of so many waters con¬ 
stantly flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, and 
yet never perceptibly raising its level, is one of 
the most remarkable in nature. We have re¬ 
cently seen the following explanation of this 
phenomenon, which, if not wholly satisfactory, 
is at least ingeuious and plausible ? The salt 
water, entering the sea from the Atlantic ocean, 
is subjected to a process of evaporation, which, 
although by no means sufficiently extensive to 
carry off the surplus quantity, is yet powerful 
enough to remove a large part of its fresher 
particles, leaving, by the time the water arrives 
near the head of the sea, a brine which being 
heavier than the water that is constantly pour¬ 
ing in from the ocean, sinks beneath it, and 
flows out in an under current by the same route 
in which it entered. Thus, while there is a 
strong surface current always setting to the 
Eastward through the Straits of Gibraltar, there 
is, beneath this surface current, near the bottom 
of the Straits, an equally strong under current 
of very salt water, pouring forth to mingle again 
with the waters of the Atlantic. The existence 
of this under current was discovered many 
years ago.— N. Y. Spectator. 
Competence rewards well-directed labor. 
jafrkfji flump. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
ELLA, FROM THE SPIRIT LAND. 
My dear, dear mother, do not grieve ; 
Your Ella is not lost. 
For Christ, our Saviour, such receive, 
Our life his blood hath cost. 
My little head is pillowed on 
A softer breast than thine ; 
Then shed for me no bitter tears, 
But may God’s will be thine. 
Remember, mother, thou must die ; 
I have no death to fear. 
Escaped from earth and all its ills, 
Rejoice that I am here. 
A little seraph in the skies — 
Just born to live in Heaven ; 
A blooming flower in Paradise, 
One to the Saviour given. 
A little lamb in his dear fold, 
Safely arrived at home ; 
And here in peace and joy I wait, 
Till Jesus bids you come. 
Then, mother, while on earth you stay, 
Be this your greatest care, 
An interest in Christ’s love to gain. 
Your Ella's bliss to share. 
Malone, N. Y., 1856. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
age and youth. 
TnE old man, sixty years ago was young.— 
Oh, how changed the scene; his youthful 
vivacity then painted hopes and viewed plea¬ 
sures without alloy, no darkening clouds hung 
over his path ; but life’s chequered phases came 
and went, and disappointment, grief and sorrow 
weie too often realized where hope had pictured 
j°y- 
The youthful fire is past, and disappointed 
hopes have calmed the sanguine zeal, caution 
and prudence have taken the helm, to steer the 
bark through the remaining journey of life. 
For the summer time of busy man must be 
passed, be it rough or smooth, and blessed be 
they who can take a retrospective view of their 
youthful days, and see that their lives have not 
been sullied with the blighting influences which 
so often beset the young. Nature’s daily wants 
oft compel the aching heart to press forward, 
but again to realize disappointment, or to taste 
the bitter cup of grief. Each trying scene 
weakens the fire of hope, and resignation takes 
its place. Congenial friends and kindred souls 
are taken away one by one, each narrowing 
down the flattering prospects of happiness, and 
cutting the cords of love that bind mortals to 
earth. The weary pilgrim reviews the life 
through which he has passed, and asks himself 
why is it so ? A voice more cogent than the 
sun, answers, to guard you against the devour¬ 
ing snares of vice, to wean your anxious cares 
from earth, and to prepare you lor Heaven. 
The spring time of youth is past, and the 
active energies of mature life are gone. Old age 
has come, and like chill December, has closed 
the summer scenes of life. The weakened sight 
refuses its wonted aid, the ears no longer give 
the pleasures of the social chat, the weary 
limbs scarce can move the foot-steps past each 
other, and to reach his mansion exhausts his 
strength. The steps are surmounted, he rests 
upon the favorite couch, his labored breathing 
and the faltering pulse warn him that his 
soul’s departure is at hand; he reviews his 
worldly cares, all are arranged, his earthly 
labors are past, he turns his thoughts on Heaven, 
then his imagination, with vivid sight, paints 
the numerous kindred souls which have gone 
before him, standing around, ready to welcome 
him to the blissful goal. Oh, what a joyful 
meeting, those who had for years been parted, 
again united, and the good old man receives a 
foretaste of Heaven, even when yet on earth._ 
The pulse has ceased to beat, the earthly war¬ 
fare is ended, and his soul has gone to mingle 
with the righteous. The death bell sounds 
the solemn knell; a tear is dropped upon his 
grave. A good man has gone, but there is 
left the example of a well spent life,—a blessed 
boon to all who will imitate his virtues. 
Monroe, 1856. 
ANALYSIS OF THE BIBLE. 
Some writer thus analyzes the Bible : 
It is a Book of Laws, to show the right and 
wrong. It is a Book of Wisdom, that makes 
the foolish wise. It is a Book of Truth, that 
detects all human errors. It is a Book of Life, 
that shows how to avoid everlasting Death. It" 
is the most authentic and entertaining history 
ever published. It contains the most remote 
antiquities, the most remarkable events and 
wonderful occurrences. It is a complete code 
of laws. It is a perfect body of divinity. It 
is an unequaled narrative. It is a book of biog¬ 
raphy. It is a book of travels. It is a book of 
voyages. It is the best covenant ever made ; 
the best deed ever written. It is the best will 
ever executed ; the best testament ever signed. 
It is the young man’s best companion. It is 
the school boy’s best instructor. It is the learn¬ 
ed man’s master-piece. It is the ignorant man’s 
dictionary, and every man’s directory. It 
promises an eternal reward to the faithful and 
believing. But that which crowns all is the 
Author. He is without partiality, and without 
hypocrisy, “ With whom there is no variable¬ 
ness, neither shadow of turning.” 
Epitaphs.—T he Bible contains numerous ep¬ 
itaphs of the pious dead, written by God him¬ 
self. The writing on Abraham’s tomb, “ He 
was the friend of God.” On Enoch’s, “He 
walked with God and was not, for God took 
him.” On David’s, “ A man according to God’s 
own heart,” And on John the Baptist’s, “ He 
was a burning and a shining light.”— Selected. 
. . . . . ......... .. . . 't.c.rws.'urj 
