'lAl'iiWilVM'ii' 
'Jlitn veiy? 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
PROGRESS ANT) IMPROVEMENT 
[ SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
SATURDAY, JULY 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICOLTUKAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
and machinery, so as to take advantage of fa- 
voiable weather, and to meet emergencies and 
obviate and overcome difficulties without loss 
or delay. Hence, we need scarcely urge the 
necessity of prompt action on the part of those 
who are not yet provided with the requisite 
force of men and machinery. 
As to the necessary machines and implements, 
very numerous, buti possess equal tact and judg¬ 
ment, with the same means of observing and 
arriving at conclusions. In England and on 
the Continent the farmers have for many years 
agitated and experimented on this subject, and i 
it has been recommended to cut down before j 
the uppermost kernel can be shaken out. The j 
I second volume of British Husbandry says “ that, 
all things considered, it is thought most pru¬ 
dent to cut wheat before it is fully ripe, but 
that it is necessary to exe-cise judgment, and 
that a medium course should be adopted ; that 
if grain becomes too ripe, it assumes a dull and 
husky appearance, yet if not ripe enough it be¬ 
comes shriveled 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OP ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS: 
:OOKS, Prof. C. DEWEY, 
ETKRS - L. B. LANGWORTIIY, 
C. WHITE, T. K. WETMORE. 
Tub Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautilnl in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity and 
Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor to make it 
a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Subjects connected 
with the business of those whose interests it advocates. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Mechan¬ 
ical, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with many appro- 
priatc and beautiful Engravings, than any other paper published 
in this Country,—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper. 
t'i/ All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. I). T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
1’ OR Terms, and other particulars, see last page. 
™ K,r implement or machine—a cheap, imperfect, 
one-horse affair, liable to failure when most 
needed is one of the changes (from hand to 
machine labor) wherein there is neither pro¬ 
gress nor improvement. In these days of high 
prices for labor (if not products,) and composi¬ 
tion, the judicious farmer will not fail to procure 
the best of the various labor-saving implements 
and machines in use, or obtainable — thereby 
greatly economising in the operations of seed¬ 
ing, cultivating, harvesting, <fcc. Many of our 
readers—those who harvest from twenty to one 
hundred acres each of grass and grain annually 
| —will find the use, if not ownership, of harvest¬ 
ing machinery to be necessary if not indispen¬ 
sable the present season. In some localities I 
where small farms are cultivated, two, three or 
more persons might conveniently and profitably 
unite in the ownership and use of the more ex¬ 
pensive machinery—such as mowers, reapers, 
threshers, <kc. As to where and of whom supe¬ 
rior labor-saving tools, implements and ma¬ 
chines—of various patterns and prices—can be 
obtained, it is unnecessary-to particularize in 
was wuuwiiuu, ior all who have given any at¬ 
tention to our advertising department during 
the past three months must be measurably well 
informed on the subject. 
The bummer Campaign comprises other im¬ 
portant features and operations, but perhaps our 
suggestive remarks are already too extended.— 
The “ Glorious Fourth” having been duly, but 
we trust temperately and wisely celebrated, we 
take it for granted that all IiuRAL-ists will de¬ 
vote their best energies to the fiual cultivation 
and securing the great slaples of the country— 
upon the production, harvesting and marketing 
of which more depends than the political action 
of all the voters in Christendom. While the 
politicians and parties are becoming unduly 
the drying.” Loudon ob¬ 
serves that “in harvesting wheat the best farm- 
ei s agree that it ought to be cut before it becomes 
dead ripe. When this is the case the loss is 
considerable both in the wheat field and stack¬ 
yard, and the grain produces inferior flour.”— 
n speaking on this subject, 
that grain reaped eight days before 
Cadet De Vaux, i 
asserts 
ripening has the berries larger, fuller and finer, 
and that such grain is better calculated to 
resist the attacks of the weevil. That an equal 
amountof grain cut at the period recommended 
and that cut when fully ripe will give more 
bread aud of superior quality.” 
In addition to the testimony from abroad the 
experience and operation of our home farmers 
fully attest the propriety of cutting wheat while 
in the doughy or milky stage of the kernel.— 
The advantages claimed are heavier, sweeter 
and whiter grain ; there is less loss by scatter-- 
ing ; and the straw, where it is an object, will 
make a better feed than if cut later. It is con¬ 
tended that easy experiment will convince 
e\ery cultirator that by remitting grain to 
stand until me ouaw'naB lost its succulency lie 
can gain nothing in plumpness or bulk, but that 
much is lo.-t in color, and fineness of skin, and 
in the shelling which is inevitable where grain 
is permitted to be cut only when thoroughly 
ripened. 
As the query is one, the practical solution of 
which is of vast importance to agriculturists, it 
should receive the attention. Dot of one or any 
specific number'of those interested, but farmers 
throughout the country should settle it, if not 
WOODRUFF’S SELF-ACTING VERTICAL GATE 
inn, FAEMliE’S SUMMER CAMPAIGN. 
July is the month which taxes the mental 
and physical energies of the great majority of 
American Farmers more than any other in the 
calendar. This is more especially true of those 
located in the Northern, Middle and Western 
States, and Canada, where the Wheat and Grass 
crops are leading products. In all these re¬ 
gions July is the month for the exercise of exe¬ 
cutive talent and severe labor,—and he who 
makes the best use of the former will most 
omise in both money and muscle. 
| Harvefcfj n2 are (to t wo or ,, 
Farmer’s Summer Campaign, each 
During the past few years considerable atten¬ 
tion has been bestowed upon the invention and 
improvement of faxm, .park and ornamental 
Gares, with more or less success. One great 
object has been the attainment of a gate which 
could be opened and closed by persons on horse¬ 
back or in carriages, without the necessity of 
alighting. Several of these have been figured 
and described in the Rural, and we now notice 
another improvement intended to accomplish 
the same object. 
The gate represented in the accompanying 
engravings is the invention of Mr. Enos Wood- 
“~T- op .FJiYabpth CdV X T r ivVihh as ra:u j e 
application for a patent through Fowler a. 
Wells’ Patent Agency, of 308 Broadway, New 
York. It strikes us as well adapted for front 
entrances and other prominent stations where 
ornament and convenience are desirable, and 
was not probably particularly designed for farm 
purposes. Yet if it proves a practical self-op¬ 
erating gate, it will be used in various situa¬ 
tions. 
This gate does not swing horizontally, but is 
vei ucuuy. ii is so jointed as to close up some¬ 
thing after the manner of a lady’s fan, yet in a 
very firm and substantial manner. As each 
half of the gate is but four or five feet long, it 
can easily be made strong and durable. This 
gate is balanced upon its hinges by counter 
weights beyond the posts, and is operated by 
the wheels of a carriage or runners of a sleigh, 
which move the rod over which it passes. This 
rod operates the side-bars or chains, which are 
attached to the cranks outside the posts, and 
which move the gate as desired, opening it on 
“ri-inH dosing it on leaving. 
1 he gate represented in the engravings, boxed 
for shipment, with directions for putting it up, 
econ- 
Haying and 
requiring 
the foresight, management, and attention to de¬ 
tails and circumstances, of an experienced mil¬ 
itary commander. # Every farmer who would 
prosecute this campaign successfully, should 
make Heaven’s first law, order , the polar-star of 
his action aud this, combined with a judicious 
system, will generally enable him to apply his 
skill, labor and capital to the very best advan- 
tage, and with comparative ease, notwithstand- 
ng the Herculean efforts required, and adverse 
circumstances. The personal attention and su¬ 
pervision of the cultivator is all-important in 
this campaign—for his telegraphic eye, and the 
talismanic words, “ Come, boys /” are potent and 
all-powerful in prosecuting whatever is under¬ 
taken with vigor and success. 
As we have remarked on a %imilar occasion, 
it is of the first importance’to be fully prepared, 
in season, for both haying and harvesting.— 
Usually the greatest inconvenience experienced 
THE MOON; 
IIS ACTION UPON VEGETATION AND THE WEATHER 
The experience of ages, has not yet disabused 
the minds of men, even in this enlightened 
period of the world’s progression, of the perfect 
fallacy and transparent moonshine of the signs 
and predictions yet repeated, and forsooth be¬ 
lieved, by many, who have never seriously in¬ 
vestigated the subject, aud is a strong proof of 
the despotic sway of those cabalistic words, 
“ they say,” 
A German philosopher, a very learned, acute 
and observing man for 60 years of his life; noted 
every change of wind and weather, and com¬ 
pared all the signs of the dry aud wet moons at 
SAWDUST AS A MANURE. 
Eds. Rural :—In yours of the 14th inst., is 
au article under the above caption, in which 
you express the wish “ to hear of more exten¬ 
sive and general experiments ” in the use of 
sawdust as a manure. Having made much use 
of it, for bedding my cattle for several years 
past, I will offfer a few remarks upon the subject. 
If I could as readily and cheaply obtain good 
swamp muck, and get it dry, so as to use it 
through the winter in littering my hovel floors, 
&c., I should much prefer it to any kind of 
wood sawdust ; but for the lack of muck, I use 
much sawdust, a portion of which I get at a 
shingle mill near my place. This is made from 
oak, chestnut, pine and hemlock ; and I obtain 
it “ without money or price.” Abont one mile 
from my farm there is a wooden bottle factory, 
at which I get some eight or ten cart loads an¬ 
nually, for which I pay twenty-five cents per 
load. This is all made fron white oak, which I 
think is more valuable for manurial purposes 
than that of pine or hemlock. 
The dust is stored in a shed near my hovels; 
the latter are daily cleaned out, and about half 
a bushel allowed to each animal per day. This 
. . . ... . . . . ..„ t< „... 
