214 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEW SPARER. 
JULY 5. 
summer I tie up in my hovels eight head of 
catile ; the dust gives them a soft aud dry bed ; 
each morning the manure, with all that portion 
of the litter that has become wet, is thrown 
under cover, aud every few days it is evenly 
spread over a large surface, (under cover,) and 
my hogs root it over, and tramp it down so solid 
that it prevents heating and tire fauging, as 
would be the case if suffered to lay in a heap as 
thrown out of the hovels. In fact, the tendency 
to excessive fermentation of sawdust, when 
freely mixed with the droppings of cattle, is 
one of the most serious object ions to its use as 
litter. If the mass is not freely wetted with 
water, or kept trodden down solid, it soon be 
comes fire fanged, and the loss by the escaping 
gases is very great. 
Sawdust is generally considered as sour, and 
of little or no value as manure in its natural 
state, but its acidity is corrected or neutralized 
in a compost heap, by the (alkaline) ammonia 
generated in the heating manure; and as the 
woody structure of the sawdust, when plowed 
into the land, slowly decays, it furnishes car¬ 
bonic acid, which, aided by moisture, slowly 
liberates the potash of the soil. It also serves 
to lighten heavy, aud acts as a sponge to retain 
moisture in sandy, gravelly soils ; and eventu¬ 
ally it is converted into humus or vegetable 
mold, similar to that fine, dark colored mold 
found in our forests ; and this is a useful mate¬ 
rial to add to our long cultivated soils. 
From the foregoing views, we think that 
most farmers would do well to supply them¬ 
selves with quantities of sawdust, where it can 
be had at a reasonable cost. As an absorbent 
for taking up the urine in the water-tight gut¬ 
ters in the rear of my cattle, in the hovels, 1 
have found nothing better or more cleanly. Few 
farmers in this region seem to be aware of the 
amount of urine voided by a cow in 24 hours,— 
nor of the manurial value of the liquid portion 
of the manure of a stock of cattle. But well 
conducted experiments have proved that the 
urine of a given number of cows, was of moie 
agricultural value than the solid portion. 
The town in which I reside is a fanning town, 
and I do not think there are ten farmers in the 
place that take any pains, or care to save tl e 
liquid portions of their cattle. And I do not 
know of but a very few that tie up their cows 
at night through the summer. One great objec¬ 
tion with many persons against putting their 
cows in the hovels at night, is the filthy condi¬ 
tion of the udder, teats, &c., in the morning.— 
But this objection can readily be done away 
with by using stanchions, (instead of bows or 
chains, which give the cows too much leeway,) 
and having the cows stand on a raised floor, 
with a four or six inch gutter in the rear. The 
length of the raised floor should not be over four 
feet six inches from the sill of the stanchion to 
the gutter. If well littered with sawdust or 
other suitable material, the cows in the morn¬ 
ing will be found as clean as if they had laid 
in the yard ; and when milking, there is no 
running over the yard, and upsetting the milk 
maid, Stool, pail and milk, as -anally 
the case when the cows were milked in the yard. 
Warner, N. H., 1866. Levi Bartlktt. 
CHEESE MAKING. 
that they do not crack, on account of the cheese 
fly, which is a troublesome insect among cheese, 
if not well attended to. 
Other communications on the subject would 
be read with interest by dairymen. 
Massena, N. Y. 
C. G. Smith. 
COL. MORRIS’ SALE OF STOCK. 
Eds. Rural:— Will you permit a little simple 
arithmetic to add a fact to the assertion that 
one pound, of newly raised turnip seed, grown 
from good roots is amply sufficient for seeding 
broadcast one acre of land ?—and also, with a 
certainty of a good crop, that tannot be attained 
by sowing even five of “ Imported seed, or seed 
llutal Uotcs ant) $ trots. 
AGRICULTURAL ODE. 
r.voT having the good fortune to attend this sale, we that has been exposed in bulk for any consider 
are unable to speak of it from personal knowledge. We a f,]g length of time to the infuence of changes 
bare, however, been favored by Col. JOHNSON with an ^ weather and damp atmOSp'.iere. 
account of the sale, a summary of which is given below. accurate subdivisions md counting one 
Want of space precludes us from giving tbe detailed state- J mo found to 
ment, including names of purchasers, prices, &c., in this pound of good plump S , 
nBmber .] be nearly 400,000 seeds—sometimes the amount 
Col. Morris’ great sale of Short-horns, Dev- is above, and agiin below tuat number—now 
ons, South Down Sheep, and Berkshire and there being but 4,840 square yards m an acre,— 
Essex Swine, closed last evening. The weather it is easily seen that there :s nearly 90 to the 
was all that could be desired, each day, and the square yard, and 9 or 10 to (very square foot of 
attendance very large. The first day, in addi- surface. This demonstration is not neede to 
tion to the usual attendance upon such occa- satisfy those who have been accustomed to use 
than two hundred ladies from New suc h seed as I have descrioed, for every field 
York city and Westchester Co. were present, shows too much seed—too thick a growth of 
and the choice Short-horn cattle and South tops. 
Down sheep of Col. M. were exhibited in his Now for a practical proposition. I will send 
spacious grounds, and attracted, as they de- one pound such seed, free of charge, to any office 
served, most glowing comments of admiration of American Express Co. within 200 miles, to 
from the brilliant assemblage. Ladies unused an y and all wishing it,—one-fourth of said seed 
to such exhibitions admitted that the atlrac- to be sown on ^ acre, and the remaining three- 
tions were worthy of attention—and we doubt- fourths on the same space aid quality of soil, 
less shall be favored at our State and County the whole to be ashed wheE first up, and then 
Exhibitions with assemblages like this. three or four days afterwards. For every tur- 
Among others in attendance were Mr. Peters nip of more than 2)^ inches in diameter giown 
of Georgia, Gen. Cadwallader of Philadelphia, upon the thick sown part, in excess of what t le 
Messrs. Delancey of Virginia, Mr. Glenn of thin sown yields, I will pay at the rate o one 
Baltimore, Mr. Criiten of Mich., Col. Wilder shilling per bushel,—provided also, that they 
and Mr. Howard of Boston, Mr. Blakeslee and in turn agree to pay roe at the same rate for t le 
others of Conn.. Messrs. Bell, Taylor and oth- excess of the thin sown, if such should be t le 
ers of New Jersey, and from our own State case. H. Doolittle. 
Hon. Mr. Kelly, L. F. Allen, Wainwright, 0ilkti ’ Corners, N. Y., 1856. 
Thorne, Haight, and others in great numbers. Remarks. —The gentleman has made a “prac- 
. The Short-horn and Devon bulls were sold tical proposition the ‘ honois in this g ame 
the first day—the second day, the Devon cows, are “ eas Y ant ^ we ^ ea ' e t0 P ro P ose 1 ’ at 1 
heifers and calves, South Down sheep, and the seed in his possession beats the mates re 
Berkshire and Essex swine. I give you the semblance to that sown by otirse ves t e pas 
prices of bulls, cows, <tc., and the aggregate sp' ing he can put all he has on the one acre an 
— n Tiricou mnfit unn.ti.v- vve will give him “the shilling a bushel, tops 
and all. One pound of good seed, that in which 
The Wheat Midge is again “abroad in the 
land,” though we hear little as yet, in regard to 
its prevalence, and are incliued to believe its 
ravagesare quite limited this season. Our long¬ 
time office associate, and present frequent con¬ 
tributor, J. H. Bixby, writing from the theatre of 
his practical farming operations in Niagara Co., 
says:—“The Wheat Midge has already (June 
17,) made its appearance in our wheat fields in 
countless thousands. Last evening, just at sun¬ 
set, we were looking across the wheat not yet 
in blossom, and saw it all alive with the midge 
_two or three or more to every head, busy in 
laying their eggs and in blasting our hopes for 
a wheat crop. The only remedy we can con¬ 
ceive of any use, is to sou> no wheat, < until the 
evil time be passed by,’ and the midge has left 
us.” 
j Nil desperandum, friend B, 
amount of sales. The prices are most encour¬ 
aging for breeders, and it shows that the farmers 
of our country not only appreciate good stock 
but have the means of securing it. It is most 
gratifying to Col. Morris that he retires from a 
portion of his breeding (confining himself 
hereafter to Short-horns alone,) with a reputa 
every get m or nearly so, is a producer may 
prove sufficient to stock the acre, but the fact is. 
too much of that sold is reliable only for its 
somniferousness. We will admit the figures to 
be all right—but the question was, not the 
Gravel in Sheep. —From a late report of the 
Governors of the Royal Veterinary College, we 
make an extract on this subject, thinking that 
some of the suggestions may prove of benefit to 
American sheep breeders. The report says : 
“Experience has shown that when sheep aie 
kept too much on a nitrogenized diet, and al¬ 
lowed but a limited range, a perverted state of 
the digestive and assimilated functions ensues, 
which leads to the deposit of earthy salts in the 
urinary system. Though these deposits take 
place without reference to sex, they are more 
injurious to the male, on account of the peculiar 
structure of some of the organs, which causes 
the urinary passage to be blocked up, producing 
inflammation and even rupture of the bladder 
in some cases. As to treatment, it is said ‘ pre¬ 
ventive means are the most to be advocated, 
and these should consist in the adoption of a 
less forcing system to bring the animals into 
condition in so short space of time ; the repeat¬ 
ed exhibition of some mild aperient medicine, 
and also the use of mineral acids in a diluted 
form, chemistry having demonstrated that these 
urinary deposits in berbiverous animals are 
mostly composed of the earthy carbonates with 
some traces of the phosphates.’ ” 
BY WM O BRYANT. 
Far back in ages 
Tbe plow with wreaths was crowned* 
The baudR of kings and sages 
Entwined the chaplet round, 
Tilt men of spoil 
Disdained the toil 
By which tbe world was nourished, 
And blood and pillage were the soil 
In which their laurels Hourlshed ; 
Now the world her fault despairs — 
The guilt that stains her story, 
And weeps her crimes amid the cares 
That formed her earliest glory. 
The throne shall crumble, 
The diadem shall wane, 
Tbe tribes of earth shall humble 
The pride of those who reign, 
And war Bhall lay 
His pomp away ; 
The fame that heroes cherish, 
The glory earned in deadly fjay 
Shall fade, decay and perish. 
Honor waits o’er all the earth, 
Through endless generations— 
The art that calls the harvest forth, 
And feeds the expectant nations. 
tion certainly equal to any in the Union-and number of seed per pound , but the product in tur-~ 
with a sale of stock at prices unprecedented, 
taken as a whole, in this country. I inclose 
you a list of the sales, in addition to the general 
summary, below. Some Suffolks were sold. 
Thirteen Short-horn Bulls.$4,810 
Two sold previous to public sale. 675 
Six Devon Bulls........ 1,350 
Thirteen Devon Cows, Heifers and Calves... 4,160 
South Down Sheep.. 7,165 
Berkshire Swine.... 670 
Essex Swine__ 357,50 
Suffolk Swine sold..... 177 
Two barren Cows reserved to fatten. 600 
Three South Downs, do. . 160 
Three Berkshire aDd Essex Hogs. 160 
V - 
Total.$20,494,50 
Mt. Fordham, June 26,1866. B. P. J. 
nips the average quality of seed would pro 
duce per acre. Neither was the minimum or 
maximum of size, th ■ suoject of consideration, 
but the general yield. “Common custom is 
common law"— and this guide, here and else 
where,has fixed the ratio to be used in the cul¬ 
ture of this crop.— Eds. 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
CLEAN CULTURE: 
KEEP ON, YOU'RE DOING WELL !” 
An inquiry was made through the Rural not 
long since, about making and curing Herkimer 
County Cheese for market. In answer, a cor¬ 
respondent says he thinks the heat of the milk 
when ready for the rennet, should be from 84 
to 88 degrees. According to our experience we 
should set it at 100 degrees. If the rennet is 
good, the milk will curdle hard enough to cut 
in 30 minutes. It should then be carefully cut 
with a curd cutter, made for the purpose. Af¬ 
ter the whey, which rises, is dipped off, (which 
is done by putting a strainer over the tub,) the 
curd should again be broken with careful hand¬ 
ling, as too much squeezing works away the 
richest part ol the curd, which will be readily 
seen by the whey being white. The whey- 
first dipped off is put into a tin heater, set in a 
kettle of water, eilher heated by a dairy stove 
or an arch built in the dairy-room for the pur¬ 
pose ; the former mode is preferable. While 
the whey is heating, there is ample time lor 
working the curd fine, so that it will scald 
evenly. The heat of the scalding whey, after 
it is dipped on and well stirred with the curd, 
should be from 100 to 104 degrees. A ther¬ 
mometer is very convenient for ascertaining the 
degree of heat needed. When the curd feels a 
little tough, or will squeak between the teeth, 
it is sufficiently scalded. It should then be 
dipped from the tub to a sink with a rack raised 
enough from the bottom to let the whey pass off 
through a tin pipe a t one eQ( b -b- strainer is 
placed over the sink for the reception of the 
curd. Work it till the whey ie well worked 
out, when it is ready for the salt. 1 he quantity 
of salt necessary can be ascertained as well by 
the taste as by auy rule. Some say one pound 
of salt to lorty pounds curd which I think 
rather high. 
Asfer Diode of pressing; there are several 
Joed* of presses, but the object should be to 
tv ess the whey all out betore the rind forms. 
The pressing should continue for twenty-lour 
hours, in which time 
turned twice - . . , , 
cheese comes from the press, it should be greased 
a :,d bandaged. The grease roost suitable is 
made from whey cream, churned into butter 
and tried in an iron kettle over a slow lire until 
it becomes clear like oil; then a little Annatto 
is added to give the cheese the proper coloring. 
Before putting on the bandage it should be 
dipped into the grease and rung out, to give it 
the color of the sides of the cheese. Cheese 
must be turned and greased every day, to keep 
them from moulding. Care should be taken 
Eds. Rural :—At this hurrying season of the 
year, when so many things demand our atten¬ 
tion, we are too apt to omit doing all that which 
may be neglected, (such as the second hoeing of 
corn and potatoes,) without giving due thought 
to its importance. We do well as far as we go, 
but the failure in gorog quite/ar enough hinders 
materially our getting the full benefit of the la¬ 
bor, &c., already expended. Some farmers 
“weary in welt doing.” before they arrive at 
hoeing. They toil hard o prepare a field for 
corn ; manuring freely, and plowing deeply and 
well, getting the land in capital order. We 
feel like saying “keep on, you’re doing well,” 
and a good crop of corn seems in fair prospect. 
But it is rather late planting, so they get a gang 
of bands—men and boys,—and plant in a “ bur- 
ry-skurry” sort of a way,—rows irregular, seed 
covered very deep where the soil is mellow, and 
with sods, lumps and stones where it is hard, 
so that the looker-on should cry, “hold on, 
you’re doiDg a bad job.” And such they find 
it when they try to cultivate ; it comes up very 
uneven and with irregular rows—many hills 
proving a total failure. “ Too busy” to replant, 
loss is suffered which a little more care might 
easily have prevented. 
Haying and harvest will 6oon be upon us, and 
of late years they seem to come right in “ hoe¬ 
ing time,” but we would remind those who 
would raise corn, and so far have done every¬ 
thing in order, “keep on, you’re doiug well.”— 
We must remember that “ growing weather" is 
as favorable to the growth of weeds as of grain, 
and that on no account should we neglect to give 
due attention to our hoed crops. Let us keep 
the cultivator going among them, if no more, so 
as to keep the soil light and clean, even if we 
have to hire an extra hand in the hay field.— 
We are too apt to forget how much culti¬ 
vation has to do with the early growth of corn 
FERRET3.— INQUIRIES. 
Eds. Rural:— Will you please inform me 
how and where I can obtain a pair of ferrets ? 
HOW SUua’-vi ***v,jr OB 9 Wk-* J 4 J J 
require for food ? What will a pair cost?—J. 
R. Young, East Springfield, N. Y., June, 1856. 
Remarks.— The ferret is classed by natural¬ 
ists in the weasel tribe, ( genus Music a,) which 
consists of five varieties, Polecat, Stoat, Beech 
Marten, Ferret and common Weasel. The fer¬ 
ret is domesticated in Europe and is used in the 
destruction of rats, by being securely muzzled 
aud placed in their runways from whence it 
will drive them and they are then killed by 
terriers. "Warmth is almost the only thing re- 
quiied at the hands of man; they will forage for 
themselves. The common weasel is the most 
diminutive of this species aud will wage de¬ 
structive war upon rats aud mice. It tv ill also 
help itself to an egg, or a chicken as neces¬ 
sity prompts—but it is asserted not while it can 
get any of the vermin aforementioned. In the 
domestication of either of these animals watch¬ 
fulness is necessary as numerous instances are 
on record of their attacking childien even man 
himself is not exempt. We are not aware that 
any can be obtained in this country—profes¬ 
sional rat-catchers import them for their own 
use.— Eds. _ 
WHITE DAISY-HOW TO DESTROY THEM. 
Eds. Rural :—Your correspondent, H. L. F., j 
Belfast, N. Y., asks “information relative to tbe 
best method of exterminating white daisies in 
pasture, meadow, or plow land.” 
I have experimented considerably on the crit¬ 
ters, but found no effectual exterminator, until 
L heard the Indian method of destruction. An 
Indian agreed to give the recipe for a pint of 
whisky. Having taken his beverage, he said— 
« You take one grub hoe and dig them up- 
shake all the dirt off, and hang them up chim¬ 
ney, and smoke them one year, and they will 
never sprout again." In addition to this I have 
found it necessary, after the smoking process, 
to burn the white daisy to prevent its spreading. 
L. V. Bierce, Akron, O, June, 1856. 
BUTTER-MAKINQ-ANOTHER chapter wanted. 
Eds. Rural :—We have been much profited,! 
Stick to the Farm. —It is a peculiar part of 
the programme common to high pressure times, 
when speculation riots and drives reason and 
prudence into obscurity, that men .forsake the 
plow, anvil, and work bench, and resort to the 
selling of silks and laces, toys and tobacco, rat- 
traps, grindstones and ribbons for a living; it 
is useless for a man of prudence and experience 
to urge that bankruptcy is generally the fate of 
all such as forsake the farm and resort to the 
counter for a living. Inexperienced in the 
business, their failure is a mere problem in 
process of solution ; the first re-action in com¬ 
merce and currency will sweep them overboard 
aud they will go down. A successful farmer, 
possessing a family, Has no mure w » ug 
forsake his well secured farm boat for a leaky, 
shaky, cob-web, lace-lined boat, than he has to 
resort to intemperance or gambling. Stick to 
your farms ; your lands will never desert you 
nor cease to supply your wants, unless you first 
desert them. The mercantile business 
humbug to whoever is inexperienced in it; like 
gambling it must be understood to make it pay, 
and woe to him who bets on a card that he can’t 
tell as well by seeing the hack as the face.— 
Selected. 
The Farmer a Man of Taste. —The farmer 
of to-day should be not only a thoroughly edu¬ 
cated man, and possessed of sound accomplish¬ 
ments, but lie should be pre-eminently a roan 
of fine taste. He is an in-dweller of Nature’s 
Temple, and is everywhere surrounded by the 
beautiful creations of Art Supreme. Here he 
may take lessons from the choicest pencilings 
of a perfect Master. In matters of taste, order 
and neatness, the American farmer need be 
second to none ; and these qualifications should 
be manifested in all his operations. When I 
see a farm laid out without regard to order or 
system, the fields taking shape as the conven¬ 
ience of the moment might dictate, I concluda 
that the owner has never studied taste or econ¬ 
omy. When I see the fences of a farm over¬ 
grown with bushes, briars, weeds, etc., it is 
quite clear to me that the man who “stays 
there has very little taste, so far as his business 
is concerned. When in passing the domain of 
a large larmer, I find his spacious dwelling and 
his extensive barns and stables side by side 
door-yard and barn-yard in close juxtaposition 
—the latter odoriferous of its fertilizing con¬ 
tents—I at once see that with all his acquisi¬ 
tions, the proprietor has neglected to store his 
mind with a little humanizing taste—a few ideas 
and principles of order and propriety which 
would have put his barns and stables, with all 
their unpleasant accompaniments, back, in tear 
of the dwelling, where they belong, giving the 
latter prominence and character, showing that 
the farmer and his household believe themselves 
superior to the beasts of the stall, and are un¬ 
willing to live virtually in their midst. When 
I see a door-yard overgrown with wild grass 
and weeds, the fence shabby, no flowers or trees 
about, I know at once that there is no taste 
there, in doors or out.— Betts' Ag. Address. 
with its “ getting a start” so as to take advan¬ 
tage of the manure we have applied. This is 
the cheese should be a | so true of potatoes. A few days work in 
into clean cloths. When the finishing up the culture of these crops,— which 
should all be done before they get one quarter 
of their growth—is of vast importance in secur¬ 
ing a well-ripened and heavy yield, and should 
by no means be omitted. We must not fail 
here, for these are important crops, and the 
next three weeks is the pinch with them, as re¬ 
gards their value,—especially corn, which the 
irost hardly gives time to ripen, when the 
planting season comes as late as this and late 
years. u. s. J. 
Niagara Co., N. Y., 1856. 
hope, by your article on Butter-Making. “ No. 
2 ” came just iu time to be of “ practical lalue 
to one who has but recently commenced butter¬ 
making in earnest, and with great success her 
friends say. She wishes to learn all about the 
art of butter-making and packing. H. C. W. 
remarks, “A chapter might he written on work¬ 
ing butter.” Now, will he not give us that chap¬ 
ter, and let tbe cheese-makers wait for their 
“some remarks" until a later day ? By so do¬ 
ing, he will improve a novice 
and oblige— 
Another “New Subscriber," Delaware, Ohio, 
June, 1856. 
Never hire a man to do a piece of work 
which you can do yourself. 
The Connecticut Boys Awake — Whittling 
not Extinct .—The Homestead contains a letter 
from the boys of the “ Nutmeg State,” demand¬ 
ing from the State Ag. Society a proper recog 
uilion of their genius and inventive powers, 
They ask for encouragement, and they are enti¬ 
tled to it as much as their seniors. Among the 
objects which they wish to present are sets of 
toys, wood engravings, ifec., each aud all to be 
manufactured by the aid of :hat indi-pensable 
article in the Yankee boy’s kit—the jack-knife. 
Nor do they limit themselves to this alone—but 
desire to contest the entire field with ilieir eld¬ 
ers on the assumption that 
“ No pent-op arena contracts our powers. 
The whole boundless continent is ours.” 
Give YouDg America a chance—if you don’t 
he’ll take it—the spirit is developing and must 
be maintained. 
jj^byest Tools and Implements. Examine 
all your harvest implements and tools critically, 
and have all that need it thoroughly repaired at 
once, as delay in this essential point may prove 
dangerous. If on examining these yon find 
your stock insufficient for your purpose, pur¬ 
chase more immediately, and while you are 
making your purchases, recollect that the 1 est 
agricultural implements and tools, though they 
may cost a little more in the beginning, are al¬ 
ways cheapest in the end. 
Milk Regularly.—Cows should be milked 
at regular intervals of twelve hours, as near as 
possible, especially during the hot summer 
months. Cows then feed mostly in the morning 
aud evening, choosing to rest in the cool shade 
through the middle of the day ; hence they 
should be milked and turned out before sun 
dowD._ _ 
Canada Thistles and White Daisies.— Wil¬ 
lard Day, Esq., of Brooklyn, informs the Home- 
stead that these nuisances may he destroyed by 
one mowing, if done during a warm rain. Mr, 
Day has satisfied himself of this by repeated 
successful experiments. The principle of its 
action, no doubt, lies in the decay of the roots 
consequent upon the filling of the hollow stems 
with water. 
r'n,,/wTinv of the Agriculturist.—N*> inan 
is so high as to be independent of the success of 
this great interest; no man is so low as not to 
be affected by its prosperity or decline. Agri¬ 
culture feeds ns ; to a great degree it clothes us; 
without it we could not have manufactures, and 
we should not have commerce. These all stand 
a 1 together, but they stand together like pillars in 
a cluster, the largest in the center, and that 
largest is agriculture. We live in a country of 
small farms and freehold tenements; a country 
in which men cultivate with their own hands 
their own fee-simple acres, drawing not only 
their subsistence, but also their spirit of inde¬ 
pendence and manly freedom from the ground 
they plow. They are at once its owners, its 
cultivators, and its defenders. The cultivation 
of the earth is the most important labor of men. 
Man may be civilized, in some degree, without 
great progress in manufactures and with little 
commerce with his distant neighbois ; but with¬ 
out cultivation of the earth, he is, iu all coun¬ 
tries, a savage. Until he gives up the chase, 
aud fixes himself to some place and seeks a 
living from the earth, he is a roaming barbarian. 
When tillage begins, other arts follow. The 
farmers, therefore, are the founders of human 
civilization .—Daniel Webster. 
Thorough Tillage.— The most successful 
farmer I have ever met, in any country, was a 
man whose entire homestead consisted of but 
fourteen acres. Like the Roman, Cressian, he 
managed to admirable advantage, everything 
within the amplitude of his profession, aud de¬ 
rived, from this limited scene of operation, a 
living far superior in point of comfort and re¬ 
spectability, to that obtained by his more labo¬ 
rious neighbors, from farms, or freeholds, rather, 
of qui druple the extent. We may form some¬ 
thing like a correct conception of the actual ca¬ 
pabilities of the soil, under proper management, 
by witnessing the operations of our gardeners. 
What is done or accomplished on a small scale, 
may certainly, with due care r.nd effort, be ac¬ 
complished oil a large one ; for gardening, 
which is so profit able, is nothing but farming in 
miniature.— Germantown Telegraph. 
The Aeration of the Soil.— This is one of 
the most important principles involved in hoe¬ 
ing. It is an undoubted fact “ that tbe roots 
increase their fibres every time the earth is 
stirred about them,” and consequently the 
plants themselves grow the faster, providing, of 
course, fair judgment is exercised in directing 
tha operation. This manifest advantage can 
only be rightly attributed to the supply of food 
thus communicated to the plants by promoting 
the admission of atmospheric influences into 
the soil, and, by the minute disintegration of the 
soil, its subdivision and repeated stirrings mak¬ 
ing new aud plentiful “internal superfices in it. 
........ . .... 
............... 
