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JULY 5. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
Jtojpato ant fetra. 
FRUIT GKO WEES’ SOCIETY OP WEST¬ 
ERN NEW YORK. 
The Summer Meeting of this Society took 
place at the City Hall, Syracuse, on Friday, the 
27th ult., and was continued on the 28th. 
There was a fair display of strawberries and 
cherries. The attendance of members was not 
so large as it should have been. It seemed as 
if there was not enough excitement connected 
with such a meeting to induce the people of Sy¬ 
racuse to take an interest in the proceedings. 
The fruits exhibited, included a fine collec¬ 
tion of strawberries from Messrs. Thorpe, Smith 
<fc Hanchett of Syracuse ; also a collection of 
cut flowers, among which was an assortment of 
choice carnations and picoteesand a great varie¬ 
ty of roses. Their collection of strawberries in¬ 
cluded eighteen varieties, most of which were 
fine specimens. 
Messrs. W. T. <fe E. Smith of Geneva, exhibit- 
thirteen varieties of strawberries, five of cher¬ 
ries and four of gooseberries, the strawberries 
were large and handsome specimens. 
Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry of Rochester, had 
a large collection of strawberries. Many of the 
varieties, however, were injured in transporta¬ 
tion only 15 kinds being in a fit state for exhibi¬ 
tion ; they had fourteen varieties of cherries, in¬ 
cluding several of the most choice sorts. 
Thomas Hernden, Macedon, had ten varie¬ 
ties of cherries. 
Stone <k Cook, Hinmanville, Oswego Co., had 
eight varieties of strawberries. 
J. L. Greenman, Syracuse — four varieties of 
strawberries, two of gooseberries and white cur¬ 
rants. 
George Newland, Palmyra, had sixteen varie¬ 
ties of strawberries, and a large specimen of a 
seedling rhubarb. 
Thomas A. Smith, Syracuse, exhibited three 
varieties of cherries. 
A. Covey, Penfield, three varieties of apples. 
D. Hamlin Clay, Liverpool, Onondaga Co., 
two varieties of apples. 
L. Northrup, Pompey, four dishes of Boston 
russet apples. 
D. B. Flint, Rose Valley, Hovey’s seedling 
strawberry. 
H. E. Smith, Waterloo, Hovey’s seedling. 
H. E. Hooker, Rochester, a dish of the Hooker 
strawberry. 
Thos. Danforth, Lafayette, Onondaga Co., 
Roxbury russet apples. 
Dr. Sylvester, Lyons, Wayne Co., presented 
for trial two samples of currant wine prepared 
by him. 
Chns. Downing, Newburg, cherries; Great 
Bigarreau, from Westchester Co. 
The Society was called to order at 9 o’clock, 
by H. P. Norton, Esq., of Brockport, Vice' 
President, H. E. Hooker acting as Secretary. 
It was moved by J. J. Thomas, that acommit- 
tee of five be appointed to prepare business — 
P. Barry, W. B. Smith, Jos. Frost, T. C. Max¬ 
well and J. J. Thomas were named on that 
committee. 
J. J. Thomas moved that in the absence of one 
of the Secretaries, R. R. Scott, of Rochester, be 
requested to act as Assistant Secretary. 
P. Barry, from the Committee on Business, 
presented the follow subjects for discussion : 
Cultivation of thk Strawberry. _j. The 
best varieties for cultivation in Western New 
A ork tor amateurs, and best varieties for mar¬ 
ket purposes. 2. Best mode and season for 
planting. 3. Best soil and manures. 4. Best 
mode of managing plantations. 5. Cost of pro¬ 
duction. 
Cultivation of the Cherry.— 1 . Best soil for 
the cherry. 2 . Comparative ad vantages of cul¬ 
tivating the cherry on the Mazzard and Mahaleb 
stocks. 3. Best varieties for amateur cultiva¬ 
tion ; also for market purposes. 4. Best mode 
of piotecting the fruit from birds and insects. 
The Cultivation of the Pear.—T he best va¬ 
rieties for cultivation on the quince stock was 
afterwards taken up. 
These subjects were discussed at length by 
the members present during two sittings, and 
after the adoption of resolutions and transac¬ 
tion of some financial business, the Society ad¬ 
journed to meet in conjunction with the Amer¬ 
ican Pomological Society at Corinthian Hall, 
Rochester, on Sept. 24th, 1856. 
The Exhibition of the Genesee Valley Hor¬ 
ticultural Society, held in Corinthian Hall, this 
city, on the25ih and 26th ult., comprised a fine 
display of Strawberries, Roses, Green House 
and Native Plants, Ac. In profusion, richness 
and variety the show was superior to many of 
its predecessors, reflecting great credit upon 
both the amateur and professional cultivators 
who contributed to the several departments.— 
We regret that other matters requiring notice 
and attention preclude us from giving more 
than this brief mention, and the following 
LIST OF PREMIUMS AWABDED. 
FLOWERS—ANATKUK’S LI8T. 
Pansies—Bpst display, Wm. Goldsmith. $1. 
Ro*es—Best coll-etinn. named. Wm. Goldsmith, Dip _ 
Rest 12 sor ts, Mi s. Edw. Dagge, Hort. or $2. Best 6 sorts 
John Hampton. $1. ’ 
Petunias—Best collection, named, Wm. Goldsmith. Dip 
Bouquet—Best table, John Mullens, gardener to S 0 
Smith, Hort or $2. Best hand, Wm. Goldsmith. 
Floral Ornament—Best, Wm. Gnldsmith, $3. 
FLOWERS—NURSERYMEN'S LIST. 
Roses—Best collection, named and clawed. E’lwanger& 
Barry. Diploma. Best 25 varieties, A. Frost & Co., $3.— 
Best 12 vaiieties, A. I.oomis, Byron, Hort. or $2. 
VerheDas—Best collection, named, A Frost & Co Dip 
Best. 12 varieties Ellwanirei A Barry, Hort. or $ 2 . ’ 
Petunias—Best collection, named, Ellwanger & Bany 
Dip. Best6 varieties. A. Frost it Co.. $1. J ’ 
Bouquets-Best table. Ellwanger & Barry, Hort or $2 • 
2d best, A.^Frost & Co., $1. Best baud, C. J. Rjan & Co.- 
Floral Ornament—Best, A. Frost & Co., $3. 
FLOWERS — DISCRETIONARY PREMIUM8. 
17 varieties Antirrhinums, Wm. Goldsmith $1. 
18 varieties Sweet Williams, Mrs. Edward Dagge $1. 
Fine specimen of H ya carnosa. to J. Salter, $1.’ 
68 varieties beautiful J sennits, Ellwanger & Barry, Dip. 
GREEN*HOUSE PLANTS. 
Best collection, A, Frost & Co.. Dip. 
Best 12 sp-cimens, J. Salter, $5. 
Best 6 specimens. John Hampton, $3. 
Remarks.— Miss S. K. Warner exhibited a fine display of 
Pansies, but they were not regularly entered, and there¬ 
fore not entitled to a premium. J. Donnellau & Co. also 
exhibited two table and two hand bouquets, but entered 
too late for competition ; as did also Mr. Loomis, of Byron 
who had a very fine collection ot Roses. ’ 
NATIVE PLANTS. 
Individual Coliection-J. B. Fuller, Dip. and $5. 
Public Schools-Largest and best collection. (106 spe- 
ctes,) Botany Class of Public School No. 14, Dip and $5. 
There was also a handsome collection of well dried 
specimens, in most excellent order, presented by Mrs. C 
A. baelaon. 
FRUIT3—AMATEURS’ LIST. 
Strawberries—Best five sorts, one pint each, Selah Math¬ 
ews, $5. 
FRUITS—NURSERYMEN’S LIST. 
Strawberries—Best quart (Hooker’s Seediing), H E 
Hooker, S3. Best, collection (35 sorts ) Ellwanger* Bar- 
ry,$5 : 2d best (36 sorts), G. Newland, Palmyra, $3. 
Remarks. —Hooker’s Seed I i Dg — Regarded by all the 
committee as the most valuable new variety, and the com¬ 
mittee were divided as to whether thisor Burr’s New Pine 
IB fioestin flavor. Hooker-The larges', and very productive. 
A fine collection ot Cherries, including seueral new 
sorts, were presented by Ellwanger * Barry and A. Frost 
* Co. 
those of the present and past season’s growth 
leaving eight or ten, one half for fruit bearing 
next year and the remainder for transplanting 
if such procedure is desired. 
Gooseberries need to be constantly kept in 
good condition and unless this requiiement be 
met we will look in vain for good fruit. A 
deep, rich, moist soil is the most congenial. To 
prevent mildew, mulching has been followed 
with the best success. Remove the soil under 
the bush to the depth of two or three inches 
and place salt hay, tan-bark or saw-dust there¬ 
in, covering slightly with earth. Sprinkling 
ashes upon the bushes while the dew is on, is 
tried by many cultivators. If large fruit is 
wanted thinning out is neces-ary. The Ency¬ 
clopedia of Gardening states that the growers of 
this fruit in Lancashire, England, who produce 
the largest in the world, use every stimulaut for 
the purpose that ingenuity can devise, not only ^ locks ' 
manuring the soil annually and richly, but. 
trenches of manure, for the extremities of the 
roots to strike into, surround the plants,and the 
bushes aie mulched, manured and watered as 
may be thought, necessary to promote the ob¬ 
ject in view. 
Summer Pruning of the various dwarf and 
pyramidal trees is generally performed this 
month, and the a'tention of orcbardists must, 
still be given to the object of their care. Heavy 
hearing trees need looking after and if the 
weather be dry watering will be benificial.- 
Keep your eye upou the insects—they don't 
need any such advice as regards the fruit—for 
the keenness of perception with which they view 
such matters does not need endorsement or tes¬ 
timony to establish 
ftljatiif grfjs, 
LIST OF PATENTS, 
Issued from u>« United States Patent Office for the 
week ending June 17, 1S56. 
HEADING THE BUGS—ANOTHER MODE. 
Eds. 
, VEGETABLES. 
Lettuce-Best 6 heads, Jas. Mullens, gardener to S 0 
Smith, $2. 
Peas— Best peck. Jas. Mullens, §2. 
Rhubarb—Best 12 stalks, J. Douueilan *Co. §1 
Potatoes—Earliest aud best perk, Jas. Mullens *2 
Cauliflower— Best two heads. Wm. Goldsmith.’ 
Remakes. -The committee regret not fiuding a larger 
display ot vegetables ou exhibition. b 
JULY—HINTS FOR THE MONTH. 
resolutions. 
Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be 
presented to the Common Council of Syracuse 
for their liberal permission of the free use of Uie 
City Hall. 
Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be 
presented to those publishers in Syracuse and 
elsewhere, who have published gratuitously no¬ 
tices of the present meeting. 
Resolved, That our lhauks are due to Messrs. 
Smith and Hanchett,for their exertions in pro¬ 
viding for the accommodation of the Society 
and its members. 
Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to 
furnish copies of these resolutions to each of the 
parties.—s. 
Hoare, in his treatise on the vine, gives a 
striking exemplification of the instinct of plants. 
A bone was placed in the strong, but dry clay 
of a vine border. The vine sent out a leading, 
or tap-root, directly through the clay to the 
bone. In its passage through Ihe clay, the mam 
root threw out no fibres; but when it reached 
the bone, it entirely covered it, by degrees, with 
the most delicate and minute fibres, like lace, 
each one sucking a pore in the bone. On this 
luscious morsel of a marrow bone would the 
vine continue to feed as long as any nutriment 
remained to be extracted. 
As most of the spring and early summer 
vegetables are now out of season, little can be 
done but to prevent the weeds, which will 
readily spring up, ripening and scattering their 
germs. If gardeners could form a true idea of 
the vast amount of real hard labor each one of 
these tiny mrialists, wafted hither and .thither 
by the slightest breeze, is capable of giving. 
what a relentless strife would be carried on, 
how incessantly would the destructive warfare 
be urged. 
Gardeners should now select such seed as will 
be needed hereafter, putting the same carefully 
away that it may he ready when wanted._ 
Each package should be distinctly labeled so 
that one variety may not sow another. It is 
v ® r y perplexing to have your early kinds turn 
out to be late; melons spring up where you seek 
cucumbers; turnips in place of cabbages; 
tomatoes proving to be bell peppers, and when 
you thought to be possessed of a delicious veg¬ 
etable for a relish on some warm day, to be pre¬ 
sented, on seeking therefor, with a bed of 
flowers. All this will occur unless tlie general 
characteristics of the seed are studied and fa¬ 
miliarized in the mind, so that you can readily 
distinguish them. Again, we say label the seed. 
If you want to ensure an early crop of beans 
or tomatoes “ shorten in” the vines. After the 
tomatoes commence ripening, a thorough prun¬ 
ing of the bush will materially benefit the fruit. 
Celery plants should now be set out. If your 
intention is merely to supply family wants, dig 
a trench fifty or seventy-five feet in length, 
about one foot in depth, and the width of the 
spade. Apply well-rotted stable manure, or 
rich vegetable mould, plentifully. Set the 
plants six inches apart (a trench of fifty feet 
will require 100 plants) and immediately after¬ 
ward water them, repeating the watering daily. 
As the plants grow fill up the trench leaving 
the top bud exposed. Secure at the period that 
cabbage is usually taken in—digging up care- 
fully horn tlie roots with as much soil as will 
adhere and place them in a cool cellar in an 
upright position, the roots being closely pressed 
together. Celery will keep thus, and be ever 
in readiness to give, to those who admire it, a 
zest for the edibles placed before them during 
the winter or early spring when “ short allow¬ 
ance” is the order of the day in garden products. 
Remove the mulching material from the 
strawberry beds as soon as the fruit has ceased 
to grow and fork the ground carefully so that if 
a new plantation is wanted, everything may be 
favorable to a full development. The ground 
should be weedeit and prepared for making new 
runners aud such attention given that the plants 
can be well established before cold weather 
sets in. 
Raspberry bushes require to be put and kept 
in the best order and the ground about them 
frequently stirred, that the crops may prove 
bountiful. An occasional application of soap 
suds will be found excellent. They ought to be 
kept clean, with but three or four canes to the 
hill. After fruiting cut out all the canes but 
Rural :—Having one set of vines de¬ 
stroyed this season, I found that if I was to 
have aDy vines tins year, I must try something 
more than I had heard of. My neighbors could 
not tell me of any « available” plan, and I saw 
that “necessity must be the mother of inven¬ 
tion.” I therefore took some strips of thin 
boards, from 2 to 4 inches wide, and made a 
square large enough to surround the vines, then 
I took small wire, bent to a segment of a circle, 
and making a hole in each corner of the side 
pieces stuck the wires in so as to cross each other 
diagonally. This I covered with some thin, 
coarse stuff, such as bonnets are lined with, fas¬ 
tening it to the wood with small tacks. Tried 
it, and found it worked to a charm. The “biu's” 
could not get through, under, or fly over inside, 
and my vines, served in this way, are flourish ’, 
ing beautifully. 
I bis plan has been very much approved of by 
those who have seen it. The cloth is so coarse 
that it lets through dew, rain and sunshine, and 
partly shades them from the hot sun. Sometimes 
I remove them at night and replace them in 
the early morn, before the bugs are astir. It 
the wires are varnished, so as not to rust, or it 
the screens are made of wood splints, they will 
last for years. They cost about thri e cents 
each.—E. H., Lyons, jV. Y. 
The Maine Cultivator says:—“When a cu¬ 
cumber is taken from the vines, let it be cut 
with a knife, leaving about the eighth of an 
inch of the cucumber on the stem, then slit the 
stem with a knife from its end to the vine, leav¬ 
ing a small portion of the cucumber on each di¬ 
vision, and on each separate slit there will be 
new' cucumbers as large as the first. Those 
wishing to raise large quantities of this article 
fot pickles, will do well to try the experiment. 
Rapid growth makes a mild flower; slow 
giow'th a strong one. Therefore grow vegeta¬ 
bles quick, and fruit moderately. 
To Preserve Strawberries Whole.— Make 
syrup boiling hot, and having picked flue large 
stiawbeiries free from hulls, (or, il preferred, 
leave them and half an inch of the stem on.) 
pour it over them ; let it remain until the next 
day ; then drain it off, and boil again ; return 
it hot to the fruit; let them remain for another 
night; then put them into the kettle, and boil 
gently for half an hour; cut one in two; if it 
is done through take them irom tlie syrup with 
a skimmer, and spread them on flat dishes to 
cool; boil the syrup until thick and rich ; then 
put the fruit into glass jars, let the syrup cool 
and settle ; then pour it carefully off from the 
sediment over the fruit. 
Currant Dumplings. —Pick and wash a pound 
of currants, dry them, aud lay them on a plate 
before the fire. Chop a pound of suet very 
small aud put it into, eight spoonfuls of flour, 
with tw'o tea-spoonfuls of salt, aud three of gin¬ 
ger ; now add the currants and mix all well 
together ; then beat up four eggs with a pint of 
milk, add this by degrees to the other ingredi¬ 
ents, and make it into a light paste ; roll it up 
into balls as large as a turkey’s egg, with a 
little flour ; flatten them a little and put them 
into boiling water; move them gently, that 
they may not stick together. Half an hour 
will boil them.— Germantown Telegraph. 
To Preserve Gooseberries.— Take full grown 
gooseberries before they are ripe, pick them, 
and put them into wide-mouthed bottles, cork 
them gently with new, sott corks, and put 
them in au oven, from which the bread has 
been drawn ; let them stand till they have 
shrunk nearly a quarter; then take them out 
and beat the corks in tight, cut them off level 
with the bottle, and rosin them down close._ 
Keep them in a dry place. 
composi- 
HUGHES’ PRINTING TELEGRAPH. 
We are gratified to learn that the Hughes 
Printing Telegraph instrument is finished, and 
w.li be immediately placed upon the line be¬ 
tween this city and Philadelphia. We are as¬ 
sured, upon undoubted auihority, that the 
machines, so far as it has been possible to lest 
them through a coil of one hundred miles in 
length, have realized the most sanguine expecta¬ 
tions of Mr. Hughes and his friends, and there 
appears to be no reason to doubt but that the 
invention will^speedily work an entire revolu¬ 
tion in telegraphing throughout the world.— 
This invention may be called a printing press 
and telegraph instrument combined, for it piints 
all messages in plain Roman capitals, wiih un¬ 
erring correctness, and at au almost incredible 
rate of speed, averaging, in the ordinary dis¬ 
patch of business, from 20,000 to 25,000 letters 
per hour. 
The Hughes instrument clearly demonstrates 
the practicability of sending and receiving mes¬ 
sages in opposite directions over the same wire 
at the same instant of time, and with the ut¬ 
most ease, regularity aud certainty. It will 
consequently require but one wire and one op¬ 
erator, at any given point, to send and receive 
as much business as can be transmitted by the 
aid of four or five operators and an equal num¬ 
ber of wires under the Morse sysietn. 
Another equally important peculiarity con¬ 
nected with the Hughes invention is the un¬ 
doubted fact that it will work perfectly in very 
long circuits, and with unerring accuracy in all 
states of the at mosphere—neither mist, rain nor 
snow having any perceptible effect. Therefore, 
at seasons when the Morse and House instru¬ 
ments are utterly powerless, in circuits of 50 
miles, there is every reason to believe that the 
Hughes instrument will work reliably in cir¬ 
cuits of 1,000 or 2,000 miles. 
The simplicity aud durability of tlie new ma¬ 
chine will compare favorably with the Morse 
and is vastly superior in these respects to the 
House instrument.. The governing principle of 
this invention is wholly dissimilar to that of 
the Morse, House, and all other telegraph in¬ 
struments, and, consequently, there can be no 
difficulty on the score ot the patent, which, we 
understand, has been sold for about 125,000 or 
$150,000 to the American Telegraph Company, 
a new Association having its head-quarters in 
this city, but composed of gentlemen of the 
highest respectability residing in different sec¬ 
tions of the United States and the British Noith 
American Provinces, and of which it is sufficient 
to say that Peter Cooper is the President., and 
Wilson G. Hunt, Treasurer.— N. Y. Tribune. 
Gsoree Atkins, Pittsburgh, improvement in hand corn 
planters. 
Lvrns Avery, Tunkhannock, Pa., marble-sawing machine. 
Alfred Belchamhere, Ripley, Ohio, improvement in ma¬ 
chines for threshing and winnowing grain. 
M. F B-.nzano, New Orleans, improvement in machines 
for onuntingcoin. 
Nathan Brand, Lennardsville, N. Y., improvement in 
machines for bending hav forks. 
L-hhns Brooks, Great Falls, N. H«. improved saw set,. 
Robert Cornelius, Philadelphia, improvement in safety 
valves. J 
Chas. F. Crocket', Newark, improvement in makiDg 
sheets of leather from curriers’ shavings nr “ buffings.” 
Chas. N Clow. Port Byron, improvement in differential 
governor for maii ip and > t er engines. 
James Emerson. Worcester, improvement in ships’ cap 
Stans ano wmd'asses. 
-k8 C ^ ae ' aUl ^ ^ Newark, improvement in 
J. B. Fayette and D. Wheeler, Oswego, improvement in 
stripping tackle blocks. 
springs U ’ Fie8tBr ’ Winches ter Ohio, improved carriage 
R. Gleason, jr.. Dorchester. Mass., improvement in sil¬ 
ver plate cake and ftuit baskets. 
Henry VV. Goodrich, Boston, improvement in molasses 
pitchers. 
Valentine Houck. Buffalo, improvements in certain de- 
vices in planing machines. 
George Hutton, New York, improved mechanism for 
adjusting circular saws obliquely to their arbors. 
tlenr. S. Houghton. Biackstone, Mass., improvement in 
brushes forcleanlng travelers. 
Samuel Hickok Buffalo, improvement, in refrigerators. 
Horat'O Keyeo, L-ominster, Mass., improvement in ma¬ 
chines for pa*ing apples. 
John C. King, Belvidere, N. J., improved valve for 
double acting pumps. 
Lewis Kirk. Reading. Pa., improvement in brick presses 
Christian Kriauer, Birmingham. Pa., assignor to War¬ 
wick, Attlehurg & C ).. Pittsburg, Pa., improved door lock. 
N. S. Lockwood and J. D. Wines, Dayton, Ala .improve- 
ment io plow?. 
L J Smallwood and Wm. S. Baker, Riceboro’,Ga., im- 
provements in feeders for roller co»ton Kina. 
Samuel Mallett and Augustus B. Smith, New Haven, 
improvement in adjustible punches for setting artificial 
teeth. 
J ’seph Lloyd Martin. Baltimore, improvement in odo- 
metersand cuniing machines. 
Edward Maynard, Washingtdn, D. C., improvement in 
car 1 ridges. 
David SlcComh, Memphis. Tenn., improvement in non¬ 
elastic bands for bales of cotton and other fibrous mate¬ 
rials. 
Oscar F. Morrill, Boston, improvement in smoothing 
irons. 6 
Thos. Hedgcock. of the county of Stirrey, England, im¬ 
provement in reflecting quadrants. Patented in England 
Mai ch 31, 1855. 6 
John T. Noye, Buffalo, improvement in clutch for flour 
packer. 
J. C. Pluche and .1. L. Pluche, Cape Vincent, N. Y, im¬ 
provement in harvesters. 
N. C. Sanford, Meridian, Conn., improvement in augur 
handles. ° 
John D. Seagrave, Worcester, improvement in machines 
for paring apples. 
James Shaw, Providence, R. I., improved portfolio. 
Garrett J. Olendorf, Middlefield, N. Y., improvement in 
in revolving barrows. 
William S. Tilton, Boston, improvement in corn har¬ 
vester. 
John Tear, Chicago, improved method of operating cut¬ 
ters in their heads tor irregular foims. 
Joseph Thooias, Brooklyn, improvement in machines 
for sizing hat bodies. 
Jesse D. Wheelocb, Maysville, Wis., improvement in 
coal heating bakers. 
Edward Whiteley, Boston, improvement in water heat¬ 
ers surrounding tire pots of cooking apparatus. 
Israel P. Williams, Salem, Mass., improvement in pre- 
tanning composilions. 
Geo. F. Wilson and Geo. Payne, Vauxhall, Eng., im¬ 
provement in sapomfvirig fats 
Wm. Bertram. Woolwich, Eng., assignor to Jno. W. 
Cochrane, New York, iinpiovement iu welding iron plates. 
Patented iu England Deo. 21, 1854. 
Cornelius Aultmau aud Lewis Miller, Canton, O , as¬ 
signor to Ball, t ultmnn & Co., of Canton aforesaid im¬ 
provement in mown g machines. 
Horace Vaughn, Providence, improvement in 
tions lor working steel. 
ADDITIONAL improvement. 
Abner N. Newton, Richmond, Iud., improvement in 
breech-leading firearms. Pautented June 27, 1854. 
SULPHUR. 
Sulphur is a great institution. Mingled -with 
iron it seriously weakens it, and in fact the great 
problem in iron making is bow to get. rid of it, 
or to avoid introducing it with the fuel. Min¬ 
gled with saltpeter it forms gunpowder, as sym¬ 
bolical of war as is the iron manufacture of the 
arts of peace. Mingled with mdia rubber, it 
vulcanizes it into “a kind of vegetable metal,” 
capable of becoming harder instead of softening 
with heat. Mingled with ore in the earth it 
forms the rich “galena,” the brilliant “pyrites » 
or the valuable sulphurets, but mingled with 
the gases which escape in smelting the same, it 
destroys vegetation and proves very mischiev¬ 
ous generally. 
Mingled with oil, a late patent assures us the 
product is a cheap gum, not unlike rubber, very 
valuable for its water-proofing qualities, and 
unrivalled as a protector for cloihing or rs a 
coating for porous and crumbling stone. An¬ 
other inventor has discovered that melted with 
bone dust and again ground, it makes a most 
powerful fertilizer; and yet another, that its 
fumes are just the thing for manufacturing jerk¬ 
ed beef. Diffused to a certain extent in water 
medical properties are developed, and dyspep¬ 
tics rush headlong to “the Springs.” Alto¬ 
gether, sulphur is fully entitled to be considered 
one of the prime staples which go to make a 
world.—W. Y. Tribune. 
Railroad Car Spring.—I ndia rubber came 
quite tapidly into use for car springs a few 
years ago, but appears now to be going into dis¬ 
favor. Vegetable gum is not the thi it is 
too lively, and dances a car about too much ; it 
is too short-hyed-becoming dead or crushed 
down to an inelastic 
mass in a little over a year; 
it is liable to accident from cracking or burst¬ 
ing open, and it freezes stiff when it is needed 
most, when the track is rigid with frost, aud 
when the rails, wheels and axles are brittle as 
pipe-stems. The single elliptic spring,steadily 
used in England, and the double elliptic, fre¬ 
quently used in our own country, are free from 
most of these objections, but are more expensive, 
and occupy more space, as they require to be of 
considerable length. The friction of the plates 
of steel upon each other prevents the occurrence 
of the repeated boundinps observed with t.he 
gummy supports; and,although slightly stiffer 
and bnttler in severe cold weather, the differ¬ 
ence in this respect is not practically appreciable. 
Improved Fertilizer.— R. p. Furlong, of 
Bristol, Eng., has patented a new manufacture 
of manure, which is stated Dot only to be a fer¬ 
tilizer. but capable of protecting the young 
shoots of plants from the turnip fly, and vermin. 
The pateniee takes bone dust and the flour of 
sulphur, and mixes them together in equal 
quantities, by weight. He then subjects them 
to just such a beat in a furnace as will fuse the 
sulphur, and cause a thorough combination of 
the materials. When tins effect is obtained,be 
removes the compound and sets it aside to cool 
and solidify. After this it is ground fine be¬ 
tween a pair of burr stones. The richness of 
this fertilizer is reduced for use by mixing it 
with an equal weight of gypsum. It is applied 
in the usual way—like'guano. From this de¬ 
scription, any farmer who has a small grinding 
mill will be able to make this new fertilizer, 
and give it a fair trial.— Scientific American. 
Fire. Most ciay contains more or less of 
iron, which element changes under beat. Clay 
which contains little or no iron, remains white 
when burned, and will endure the fierce heart 
ol an iron furnace for a long period. Such is 
called fire-clay, and is in extensive use in the 
arts. Many stoves are lined with thin bricks 
of this material. The material for no less than 
fifty millions ot fire-brick is annually sent into 
ihe market Irom the neighboring towns of 
Wood bridge, Perth Amboy and South Amboy 
or their .immediate vicinities. Fire-clay is 
worth from $2 to $2,50 per tun, and first and 
second qualities fire-brick from $30 to $.'15 per 
thousand. These bricks are claimed to stand a 
very intense beat better than any of the im¬ 
ported ones, and are sold at. a considerably less 
price.—W. Y. Iribune. 
1 ortable Gas Works. —The steamer “Isaac 
Newton” is dow lighted with gas. The Albany 
Statesman says :—“ In generating the gas on the 
Newton, three of the company’s medium-sized 
stoves are used. The gasometer is ol 300 cubic 
feet capacity, and there are, throughout the 
boat, 140 burners. The gasometer is filled in 
the afternoon, and the gas is generated while it 
is burning, aud up to 12 o’clock at night. Some 
1,500 feet of the gas made by this apparatus is 
burned each trip, which is equal to 3,000 feet of 
the common coal or city gas, as the rosin gas is 
heavier, and passes through the burners only 
halt as fast. This is the first experiment of 
the kind, at least in this part of the world. 
Removing Sulphur from Coal. —Mr. Robert 
Longden lias been experimenting on the iron 
manufacture at Walker, on the Tyne, and at 
Middlesboro, in Yorkshire, England, and found 
that about l j^ or 2 per cent, of salt introduced 
into the coke ovens so far removes the sulphur 
from bituminous coal that bars of iron smelted 
with this fuel broke like crown iron; and the 
process is likely to be generally adopted with 
all sulphurous coal. 
Cast £>teel Forgings. —The Glasgow Practi¬ 
cal Mechanic’s Journal states that steel has 
been cast, into forms so nearly like cranks and 
other difficult forgings, that but little use of the 
hammer was required to complete them ; and 
the forging thus made is much strouger’than 
can be made in the old way. The moulds are 
of sand. 
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