Kill 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
SATURDAY, AUGUST l, fj)5(> 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 
way of mowing, during tbe forepart of the day, 
as much as can be gathered in before night, is 
the best method of curing hay. If the grass is 
not sufficiently ripe (and it ought not to be,) 
to cure the day it is cut, let a day or two inter¬ 
vene- 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE COUPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
in, one afternoon, what had 
been cut the day, or the second day before, as 
tbe case may be. 
We know of au excellent farmer, residing 
near the city line, who pursues this method, 
cutting in the forenoon and raking aud carting 
in after dinner. He never has bleached hay; 
scarcely a load of his suffered during all tbe 
severe rains of last season. A large portion of 
bis was cut, cured, and in tbe barn, before the 
wet weather came on, and tbe balance was left 
standing in tbe field until tbe protractefl storm 
was over, and of course was little injured.— 
Grass ripeus slowly duiingwet weather, and 
usually thickens up at the bottom with fesh 
leaves sufficient to compensate for all deteriora¬ 
tion. At all events, it is infinitely better 
standing than to be cut and exposed in the field. 
A team ought not fo be worked upon a ma¬ 
chine all day. It is one of the severest tests of 
endurance to which horses can be subjected, 
and half a day at a time is as much as any 
Even if it 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS! 
H. T. BROOKS, • Prof-. C. DEWEY, 
T. C. PETERS, L. B. LANG WORTH Y, 
H. C. WHITE, 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purifv and 
Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor to make it 
a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Subjects connected 
with the business of those whose interests it advocates. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Mechan¬ 
ical, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with many appro¬ 
priate and beautiful Engravings, than any other paper published 
in this Country,—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper. 
O'" All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms, and other particulars, see last pago. 
CUTTING HAY BY MACHINERY. 
Singe the introduction of mowing machines 
as one of the economies of tbe farm, a change 
has been wrought in the process of gathering 
the hay-crop; but, like all great innovations, 
which upset the original order of things,*and 
before the best routine of management has be¬ 
come determined by experience, it lias pro- 
span should be permitted to draw, 
becomes necessary to run the mower for twelve 
consecutive hours, the team should be changed 
at least once, and if two span were to alternate 
every one or two hours, it would be all the better. 
The mowing machine 
SHOUT-JH.ORN COW 
DIANA GWYNNE 
great invention, 
and when properly managed and worked, its 
economy is tin doublet) ; but ill preparation of 
the fields, and unskillfulness in management 
will be attended with certain disappointment 
Diana Gwynnk is a fine representative animal 
of one of the best herds of Short-horns in this 
country. We annex her Pedigree, as given in 
the American Herd Book ; 
T1 - “mn i-r _, u ed \,j J. S. Tanouwrav, 
Middlesex, Eng., the properly of Sam’l Thorne, 
Thornedale, Washington Hollow, Dutchess Co. 
N. Y., calved July 28th, 1852, got by Duke of 
Lancaster (10929.) out of Dolly Varden, by 
Itibblesdale (7434,) — Dorothy Gwynne, bv 
GtJTi.sorviu ivc o • » i J 
I inr \ TA , y IT y Marmion 
(4U0,) — Daphne, by Merlin (430,) — Nell 
Gwynne, by Layton (306,)—Nell Gwynne, by 
Phenomenon (491,) — Princess, by Favorite 
(252,) by Favorite (252,)—by Hubback (319,) 
—by Snowdon’s Bull (012.) —by Waistell’s 
hull (CGQ,)—Ky Master man’s Hull f. 49.-2 1 bv 
the Studley Bull (026 ) 
j. uu«, m numerous instances, under the new 
mode, a farmer cuts down all his grass conse¬ 
cutively, auu tiieu, after it io dry, proceeds to 
gather it in as fast as possible. It not unfre- 
quently happens that from ten to twenty acres 
are thus prostrated, before a load of cured hay 
is gathered into the barn. 
There are many arguments advanced in de¬ 
fence of this mode of proceeding, the principal 
one of which is, that the farmer who has his hay 
thus cut does not own a machine. He either 
hires a neighbor by the acre or the day to do 
the work, who is unwilling to make more than 
one job of it,—or he owns a machine jointly 
with others, and cannot so arrange matters as to 
have his own and theirs cut iu minute and dis¬ 
connected portions. Another reason, even if 
he owns a machine, is, that more work can be 
performed, if it be of one kind for a consider¬ 
able length of time, than if it be broken in up¬ 
on by fiequent changes; hence, all mowing 
until the mowing is done, then all raking until 
the hay is gathered into winrows ready for the 
mow or stack, and then all pitching, carting and 
mowing away, finishes the job iu consecutive 
and homogeneous labors. 
This would undoubtedly be a rapid and easy 
method of proceeding, could favorable weather 
be depended upon ; but, uuder ordinary cir¬ 
cumstances, it is precarious, and not uufre- 
quently attended with deterioration and loss._ 
Last year, during the prevalence of that re¬ 
markable and disastrous rain, which, about 
tbe present time caused so much injury to the 
this year you have oats there—every available 
spot is taken up by weeds,—they sometimes 
overtop the grain. I have wondered that your 
farm, generally so clean, should have silch a 
field to mar its reputation.” “ Well,” he an¬ 
swered, «five years ago I had that in corn and 
potatoes—and both were pretty good ; but just 
after the first hoeing, a soaking rain came on 
and started a heavy growth of weeds. Haying 
and harvest also came on, and a large one for 
my farm—all those weeds grew up and went to 
seed. It was a double crop, and a heavy one at 
that, and I am reminded most forcibly every 
season by the appearance of the field, of the 
Oeu readers of last year may perhaps re¬ 
member the words above quoted, and tbe cases 
given in illustration, and they have been very 
fortunate if the season has passed without oc¬ 
casion for the same confession of mistaken 
policy. In the former article, 
not keeping stock enough to 
his pasturage 
[ that we write. Success as often rewards his 
projects as those of any other class and profes¬ 
sion, especially when lie gives the same care 
and thought to his work. It is too true, how¬ 
ever, that we are slow to learn from our failures, 
that the lessons of hits and misses are too soon 
forgotten,—we get too little benefit from that 
which might be made of-high value. Letusbe 
more in earnest to look into “ the reason of the 
thing —to go to tbe bottom of the “ whys aud 
wherefores” of good crops and poor ones—of 
profitable and unprofitable operations. Every 
d »y gives us cause to wonder at the idea, still 
too prevalent, that education aud intellect are 
of little value to the farmer. He has as lair a 
field for tbe use and exercise of these as can be 
found in tbe professional world. There is as 
wide a range for thought, as profound a depth 
for investigation, as noble a reward for discove¬ 
ry, as is anywhere presented among the pur¬ 
suits of men. 
Wll,u uib incidental and direct expenses 
attendant upon the operation, and then render 
her almost useless for the sake of avoiding a 
very little trouble, or from downright negligence 
or thoughtlessness. Good feed, and all the time 
in it, is the dairyman’s motto.—n. t b 
Farmer A, 
“missed it” in 
consume his pasturage; Farmer B. in not 
more corn ; his neighbor in planting 
any at all with such preparation and culture as 
he gave it; farmer C. in saving money by not 
deepening a drain, and losing ten times tbe 
amount from overflow of low lands ; while the 
“ prairie farmer” owned to “ missing it” in lack 
of thorough preparation of his soil for the crop 
—in “spreading his work so thin” upon too 
many acres, and getting but slightreturns from 
the whole. Other cases may be brought up, 
having a practical bearing upon the interests 
and business of our brother farmers, and we 
will adduce a few from “ real life.” 
“We were very busy last fall, but I see I 
missed it very much iu not hiring help so as to 
have kept my team at plowing,” said Farmer 
D., when “hurrying up” his work in June— 
sowing and planting later than ever before.— 
“There was,” he continued, “ corn to husk and 
potatoes to dig, apples to market and grain to 
thresh, and a thousand things to attend to, hut 
here we are plowing, plowing, what might have 
better been done last November, and shall not 
get the use of all our land, or as good crops on 
what we do sow, as we ought to have, and 
would have had with twenty or thirty acres of 
fall plowing, ready to harrow aud sow upon, the 
first thing, when spring opened.” As it was 
with him in autumn so it was in spring—there 
were a thousand things to attend to—barley and 
oats to sow, manure to draw out, corn and po¬ 
tatoes to plant, meadows to clear of stone, fences 
to relay—business for every hour, and above 
all, plowing, harrowing, sowing and planting, 
as long as the season would admit of it with 
any prospect of success. Twenty dollars, to 
keep plow teams going, otherwise idle last fall, 
would have been fifty dollars benefit to many 
a farmer the present summer. But our readers 
can “ make the application” to suit the circum¬ 
stances within .their owu knowledge or expe¬ 
rience. It is an undeniable fact that we miss it, 
as a general rule, iu not plowing more in the 
fall, when the teams are fresti, and labor cheap¬ 
er, with less to drive “ all hands” than at any 
Commitnitaiimts 
planting 
md to weeds —or, of suffering 
d go to seed as they did in 
I’oo little attention is given 
of weeds, upon all our farms, 
materially by the neglect, 
owns to “ missing it” this 
ing his corn before planting, 
to this matter would have 
f dollars in every corn-plant- 
untry. Many replanted two 
DON’T IMPRISON YOUR COWS. 
My wife is getting some butter ahead in spite 
of the “foreign” and domestic population that 
do much abound at our house. Should a “com¬ 
mittee of investigation” inquisitively inquire 
the reason of so singular, a phenomena, they 
would report: first, good management on the 
part of my wife—the first symptoms of which 
were a rather prompt “don’t be dabbling in 
that milk there,” and a very close attention to 
other things best known to thrifty housekeep¬ 
ers, and besides and beyond all that there 
would he found an outside arrangement which 
leaves the cows in the pasture during the night. I 
have in my lifetime—I am ashamed to own it, 
and upon second thought I will just request 
your readers to skip over the admission, except 
the very few who enjoy a secret so much that 
they can’t live without one, once in a while—I 
have in my lifetime suffered myself to be 
caught with short feed in the summer, and then 
to add folly to misfortune, I have suffered my 
cows to be brought to the yard and kept all of 
the day—(viz., the night)—that was good for 
anything fov feeding in close confinement. Now 
I order things differently—let all my readers 
begin again. My pasture is quite a distance 
from the house, and when I found by actual 
trial, that Billy and John were right in think¬ 
ing “it was no easy matter to carry two full 
pails of milk one-third of a mile,” I got a. reg¬ 
ular “ milk-can” made, which T found could be 
conveyed on a hand-cart or wheel-harrow as 
easy as the cows could be driven. As soon as 
they are milked at night, they resume feeding, 
which they continue at irregular intervals till 
they are milked in the morning. It is a poor 
to and for him speetdation to keep a cow through our long win- 
provement, ana rncteed improvement seems 
almost out of the question ; for the soil consists 
mostly of rocks, and is in many places so bar¬ 
ren that an entire acre would hardly maintain 
a goat. Just, however, as one begins to form 
the most unfavorable impressions, and to ima¬ 
gine that the praises he has heard of Dutchess 
Co. farms and farmers exist only in imagination, 
the green fields and beautiful scenery begin to 
present themselves to the view. These increase 
in verdure and beauty until you arrive at 
Thornedale, which seems to be located in the 
most fertile portion of the county. Mr. Thorne’s 
residence is some distance from the road, to 
which there is a fine circular carriage way, 
nicely graveled, always dry and perfectly free 
from dust, and one is certainly in a most agree¬ 
able mood on his arrival at Thornedale to look 
over the fine animals. 
Mr. Thorne has been a breeder of Short¬ 
horns but a short time, yet he has a very supe¬ 
rior herd, now numbering some forty head. He 
has also some of the best South Down sheep in 
this country, aud he made a most valuable ac¬ 
quisition to this department at Mr. Morris’ sale, 
being the purchaser of the celebrated prize win¬ 
ner “Young York,” at $400, and also of most of 
the prize ewes, for many of which he paid as 
high as $150 to $180 each. But from the short 
time allowed to our visit, 1 can only now speak 
more particularly of Short-horns, as you are well 
aware, friend Mooric, that I am somewhat par¬ 
tial to these great favorites of mine, and I think 
I may safely say there were none in our compa¬ 
ny who saw any other stock. But do not un¬ 
derstand me here as not duly appreciating other 
classes of our improved domestic animals.— 
deeply—mice and chip-mucks, however, had 
the most to do with the missing hills. Among 
our neighbors, some whole fields refused fo 
grow—even with carefully saved seed. The 
germinating power must have been destroyed 
iu such cases. A few days would have sufficed 
