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246 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSTAI’ER. 
AUGUST 2. 
They are all valuable, and deserving of the 
greatest attention, and the highest degree of 
improvement. 
Mr. Thorne has paid almost fabulous prices 
for many of his animals, and I am well aware 
that many persons had formed the impression 
that he paid such prices merely because he 
wished to. But let such persons go and see the 
animals, and they will only wonder that they 
could have been purchased at any price — for it 
must be borne in mind that English breeders 
are usually men of wealth, whose income alone 
is counted by thousands of pounds, and with 
whom money is only a secondary consideration. 
Almost every animal in this entire herd is wor¬ 
thy of a “ fin*t rate notice,” yet as we could give 
to the whole but a few hours, I can speak m 
this article in particular of only a few which are 
deserving of more special commendation. 
“Duchess 64” was purchased by Mr. T horne in 
1853, for $3,000. She was bred by the late Mr. 
Bates, and was of that gentleman’s favorite 
family of Short-horns, the Duchess, as her name 
implies. She is a red cow of fine size, great 
symmetry, beautiful head and eye, good in the 
crops, excellent loin, hips and flank, good 
through the heart, handsome brisket, and her 
neck joined on with great symmetry. Were 
it not for “1st Duchess of Thornedale,” we 
should have considered the “ 64th a perfect 
animal. This “1st Duchess” was bred by Mr. 
Tiiorne, the dam “ Duchess 64th,” and her sire 
u Grand Duke.” She is also red in color,nearly 
two years old, and taking her altogether, I 
consider her superior to eitliei hei sire oi dam. 
Mr. Thorne is doing what few breeders have 
been able to accomplish. He has had ample 
means at his disposal; his purchases have been 
limited to no price ; he has procured the 
very best animals that could be obtained, and 
he is certainly breeding better animals than any 
that he has purchased. I make this assertion 
withoutfany fear of contradiction by any good 
judge Who will take the pleasure to look over 
this fine herd. 
“Darling” is another beautiful animal, in 
many of her points very closely resembling 
“ Duchess 64th.” “ Frederica” is also one of the 
gems of this fine herd. Her horn is very supe¬ 
rior, brisket excellent, hip and loin very per¬ 
fect. “ Lady Millicent” is also a very fine cow. 
Lalla Rookh” is another of the best of animals, 
carrying one of the most wonderful briskets I 
ever saw, and she is an excellent animal all 
over. She has a very superior red bull calf, 
now about 10 months old, sired by “YouDg 
Balco." If I am not much mistaken, this young 
animal is destined to become of very great 
value. But the most perfect female in this 
whole herd, that is, in appearance, is “ Peerless” 
(I believe that is her name.) She was sired by 
« Grand Duke,” dam “ Peri,” also by “ Grand 
Duke.” She is a yearling roan heifer, and if 
any person wishes to see a perfect model for a 
Short-horn, let him examine this fine animal.— 
I think our company occupied nearly a half 
Roup wi.tR Lov, utul o,ll wow uuuuiniOUS In piO- 
nouncing her perfection. Mr. Thorne has only 
four heifers of his own breeding, sired by 
“Grand Duke,” and although he has lost the 
use of this fine animal, yet he has well paid his 
first cost ($5,000) in these four heifers. 
After examining this part of the herd, we 
next came to the bulls. First, “ Grand Duke” 
was led into the yard. To say that he is a fine 
animal, or a very superior animal, gives a 
very vague idea of his great merits. He is one 
of those animals that must be seen to be appre¬ 
ciated, and we could not help feeling a sympa¬ 
thy for Mr. Thorne in losing the usefulness of 
so valuable a stock getter. “Neptune” was 
next led out, and we at once began to think 
that the loss of Grand Duke was to a great ex¬ 
tent replaced. “Neptune” is a beautiful roan, 
remarkable in the fineness of his head, and rich 
expression of countenance, and the best animal 
through the heart I ever saw. His points are 
all good. From “Neptune” we went to the 
stable of “ ‘id Grand Duke,” and to say that this 
animal unites in himself in a remarkable degree 
of perfection all the good qualities that any in¬ 
dividual animal may possess in part, is doing 
him but simple justice. He is as perfect for a 
bull as is “ Peerless” for a heifer. He much 
more than fill the place of “ Grand Duke” in 
appearance, and for pedigree he is certainly his 
equal, his sire being “ 4th Duke of York,” and 
his dam “Duchess 64th.” This animal also 
cost, in England, $5,000, and I very much 
doubt whether Mr. Thorne ever made a better 
investment than in this purchase. 
Mr. Thorne has now of Mr. Bates’ favorite 
Duchess family, five animals, viz., “Duchess 
64th,” bred by Mr. Bates; “1st and 2d Duch¬ 
esses of Thornedale,” bred by himself; “ Grand 
Duke,” (now useless,) also bred by Mr. Bates, 
and “2d Grand Duke,” bred by Earl Ducie.— 
The cost in England of the three purchased 
there was $13,000 ; count the two bred here in 
the same proportion, (say $7,000,) and we have 
$20,000 in this Duchess family alone. Add to 
this that he has some thirty-five head, the ori¬ 
ginals of which were selected from England’s 
best, and we certainly, to say the least, have at 
Thornedale one of the best Short-horn herds in 
this country. s - p - °* 
July 5th, 1S56. 
Lime Hastens the Maturity of the Crop.— 
Johnson says “ It is true of nearly all our 
cultivated crops, but especially of those of corn 
(wheat,) that their full growth is attained more 
speedily when the land is limed, and that they 
are ready for the harvest from ten to fourteen 
days earlier. This is the case even with buck 
wheat, which becomes sooner ripe, though it 
yields no larger a return, when lime is applied 
to the land on which it is grown.” Have our 
readers any experience on this point 7 
PLOWING. 
The use of the plow is indispensably con¬ 
nected with the destiny of every farmer. He 
who plows not, certainly cannot expect to leap, 
yet how often is it the case, that they who make 
use of the roost common of all faim implements 
are found begging in harvest. If a thorough 
examination were admitted, then method of 
procedure would be found to be only “smutch¬ 
ing up the skin a little.” 
It is to be regretted that a majority of farm¬ 
ers plow to the depth of only five or six inches; 
undoubtedly this is sufficient in soils which are 
shallow, and resting upon a poor and almost 
valueless subsoil. But it is not so with genu- 
the wheat soils ; for experience as well as sci¬ 
ence has demonstrated the proposition, that all 
soils naturally productive of wheat, must con¬ 
tain proper proportions of mineral as well as 
vegetable substances. Now these mineral parts 
are often concealed beneatf^^^he surface soil; 
consequently in order to majpe them accessible 
to the roots of plants, deep and thorough tillage 
is necessary-. 
There yre other benefits consequent upon 
deep tiyjnge. The excessive wet and dry sea¬ 
sons are not so detrimental to crops growing 
upon soils well aerated, arising from the fact, 
that lands plowed at about the same depth for 
years in succession, become hardened by the 
continual scraping of the plow-share, so that it 
is impossible for the roots of plants to run 
deeper than the plow goes ; and more especially 
is this the case on cohesive soils that are fre¬ 
quently plowed when wet, the parts of earth 
becoming so pressed and compacted, that when 
dried they are united with the solidity of brick, 
thus forming an impenetrable subterranean 
pavement. By this we may see that if the soil 
is stirred up deeply, the roots will descend so 
as to derive sustenance from the earth below 
that portion affected by the sun; and equally 
beneficial is it in times of excessive wet, the 
water being allowed to pass away below. The 
benefits of deep plowing were very perceptible 
during the drouth of 1854; lands thoroughly 
broken up produced larger heads of wheat and 
finer berry than those plowed at a less depth. 
It is also one of the most efficient means of 
destroying thistles. The plan adopted by my¬ 
self is to plow deep, and as soon as the pests ap¬ 
pear above ground, commence a war of exter¬ 
mination w'hich I continue till seeding, keeping 
the ground bare—not allowing them to get 
large enough to mow, and then cross-plow.— 
Some inquiries have appeared in the Rural 
with regard to its destruction. I guarantee the 
fullest success to all who proceed according to 
the plan I have given. And more than this, 
one is not necessitated to the practice of apeiDg 
the gentleman by wearing gloves in harvest 
time. 
As deep plowing is so beneficial, it becomes 
necessary that we have plows for this work. 
There is a great deficiency in plows: though 
there are cotuo tiiui, ubud tor deep plow¬ 
ing, yet they fail in turning. This is an im¬ 
portant subject, and opens a field for the exer¬ 
cise of the highest inventive talent. 
A Farmer. 
Ural fjtotts antr ftms. 
THE GREAT FRENCH CATTLE SHOW. 
CORRECTION. 
Eds. Rural :—In my communication of June 
14th, two misprints are made which destroy 
the meaning of the passages in which they oc¬ 
cur. It is true the mistakes are so obvious as 
to be seen by the slightest attention to the par¬ 
agraph, but as one of these errors is the basis 
for the only point made in the two column arti¬ 
cle of Wm. D. Cook’s last communication, “fair 
play” will render the correction necessary. In 
speaking of a class of fertilizers which contain 
none of the elements of vegetable life, by the 
misprint I am made to say some, which destroys 
the sense of the paragraph, though the next 
period in the same sentence clearly indicates 
the true meaning. The other misprint occurs 
in the following paragraph, where the word 
profusely should be properly. By examining 
the manuscript, you will see that both words 
are erroneously printed in the Rural. 
Not having commenced a personal controver¬ 
sy with Mr. Cook or any one else in the Rural, 
and without the slightest disposition to con¬ 
tinue it, with this correction, which I had pen¬ 
ned before the editorial suggestion in the last 
number, I take my leave of the matter. 
Alexander, July 24th, 1856. J. G. S 
The Wheat Crop of Western New York has 
mostly been secured in good order—the weather 
of the past fortnight having been exceedingly 
favorable for harvesting. The grain is of good 
quality, while the quantity is believed to be 
much greater in most sections than was antici¬ 
pated. Though the midge has materially les¬ 
sened the yield in some localities, its ravages 
have been far less general and severe than was 
estimated before harvest. Among others, Mr. 
E. S. Hayward, of Brighton, near this city, has 
favored us with a sample of very choice, plump 
and white wheat of the Soule’s variety, (grown 
from Canada seed,) which will average thirty 
bushels to the acre. 
The Town and County Ag. Societies of 
Western and Central New York are making 
very complete and extensive arrangements for 
their approaching Annual Exhibitions. Many 
of the County Societies have favored us with 
pamphlets containing Premium Lists, Regula¬ 
tions, &c., from which we observe that increased 
efforts and expenditures are being appropriated 
to enhance the laudable objects of the various 
organizations. From present indications and 
evidences, we are of opinion that more real in¬ 
terest will be aroused, and progress reported, 
during the present season than in any previous 
two years within the last decade. 
The Monroe Co. Ag. Society is wheeling into 
the front rank and taking a prominent position 
as a permanent and prosperous institution.— 
Since its re-organization in March last, the 
Society has purchased a tract of twenty-four 
acres of land, near this city, for permanent Fair 
Grounds, and is making extensive preparations 
for the next exhibition — to be held the last 
week in September. The Premiums offered 
are far more numerous and liberal than those of 
any preceding year — some Fifteen Hundred 
Dollars, instead ot about one-third that amount 
as heretofore — and so arranged as to encourage 
the exhibition of almost every useful article 
raised or manufactured in the county. If the 
efforts of the Board of Managers are properly 
seconded, the next Fair will be the best ever 
held in the county, and Monroe henceforth have 
a Society worthy her jrosition, facilities, soil and 
wealth. Pamphlets embracing Premium List, 
<fec., may be obtained of any member of the 
Board, or at this office. 
SAGACIOUS HEN’S. 
We have some hens that are in the habit of 
coming about the kitchen door occasionally. — 
The other day one of them came stalking de¬ 
liberately into the house, and began making a 
scrutinizing survey of the apartment. Curious 
to know what she meant by such a proceeding, 
the women folks allowed her to proceed unmo¬ 
lested. Every nook and corner was peeped 
into, and it soon became evident that she was 
in search of a nest. A little hay was brought 
and deposited in one corner behind some pots 
and pans, when the old hen settled herself 
amongst it and deposited an egg, and then 
marched out. The next day the visit was re¬ 
peated and an egg left as before. But this time 
she had no sooner gone out than she returned 
with another hen. The pair walked straight to 
the corner, and hen No. 1 having shown No. 2 
the nest, turned and left her to deposit her egg. 
In this manner other friends to the number of 
three or four were brought in, until, finding 
them rather noisy and troublesome visitors, they 
were all banished from the premises.—J. A. S., 
Ml. Elgin, G. W. 
Practicability with Economy. —Agricultural 
inventions must be practical and cheap. The 
gentleman of fortune, whose farm is his amuse¬ 
ment, may wait years for his reward. The 
common farmer wants his pay down. Plans of 
improvement have been recommended, practi¬ 
cable indeed to the man of wealth but wholly 
uninteresting to the mass of farmers, because 
beyond their means. They can adopt no sys¬ 
tem wmen the “farm itself wm support. 
It is a maxim in husbandry, that no mode of 
management is worth pursuing that will not 
give a profit with the least labor and expense. 
A Capital Illustration. —Lieut. Gov. Brown, 
of the New England Farmer, closes a very sen¬ 
sible article on Economy with an illustration 
which may be adapted to other meridians than 
New England. After stating that it is extrav¬ 
agance—the want of economy—which is driv¬ 
ing thousands of people from the “ homes of 
their childhood” to the West, the Governor says: 
“ The great want of New England farmers is 
capital—is the money to cultivate as well as 
they know how, and as well as they can learn 
how, to do it. And probably in no part of the 
world have an equal number of farmers so 
much capital invested in fine clothing, costly 
houses, expensive furniture, nice carriages, and 
other luxuries, that add nothing to their re¬ 
sources, as farmers, but draw largely upon them 
for repairs. Perhaps the drift of this article 
may be best illustrated and closed by an ex¬ 
ample which occurs to our mind. Among our 
acquaintances are two farmers of nearly equal 
wealth. Some five years ago the wife of one 
of them fixed her heart upon a sofa. Most of 
her friends had one, and her snug little parlor 
she said looked vacant. By saving a little here 
and there eigeteen dollars were laid aside, and 
the coveted article wheeled into place. The 
other family, in like manner, set their hearts on 
some nice fruit trees. Fifty trees cost no more 
money than the sofa ; yet they cost too much to 
be thrown away, and extra pains were taken to 
make them grow. They are beginning to bear, 
Two or three kinds of apples, as many of pears, 
and a dish full of quinces, were gathered from 
these thrifty trees last fall, and we have seen 
the blossoms upon them again this spring. 
Twenty dollars would buy the sofa to-day ; two 
hundred might buy the trees, and twice that 
sum might be refused. But remember 1 we 
wish to see a good sofa in every farmer’s house, 
but not at the expense of those things from 
which must spring his chief support.” 
Thorough preparation of land is absolutely 
necessary to the successful and luxuriant growth 
of crops. 
Sale of Cattle, <fcc.—All the animals ex¬ 
hibited recently at the great Agricultural Show 
at Paris, were afterwards sold at public auction 
—bulls at from 800 to 8,000 francs ; cows from 
700 to 4,000 francs ; male lambs were engaged 
at from 1,200 to 3,000 francs, and male swine 
from 400 to 1,800 francs. The Emperor Napo¬ 
leon, Prince Albert, the Grand Duke of Tusca¬ 
ny, (fee., were among the purchasers. 
Underdraining in France.— The Emperor of 
the French has recently recommended the ap¬ 
propriation of $ 20 , 000,000 for the encourage¬ 
ment of underdraining. Think of that, ye 
farmers, whose lands are half valueless for 
want of draining. 
The recent Show of Domestic Animals in 
Paris was, according to all accounts, a grand 
affair—creditable alike to the French nation, 
and the other “ powers" which contributed to 
the display. Though very little has been said 
about it in this country, we think the event 
worthy of more than brief mention—especially 
as it exhibits rural progress among a people 
who are behind most other nations of Europe in 
Agricultural Improvement. The French taste 
and ingenuity in the formation of elegant sights, 
is said to have been most forcibly exhibited on 
the occasion. Stalled, penned and caged ani¬ 
mals were to be seen in the midst of beautiful 
flowers, plants, fruits and vegetables—the useful 
and ornamental being blended in singular har¬ 
mony. Of Cattle there were, of all breeds 
1,300 head ; of Sheep more than 700 lots, gene¬ 
rally of three each ; in the class of Swine about 
200 ; of Poultry nearly 200 lots ; and of domes¬ 
tic breeds, such as Lamas, Goats, Rabbits, (fee., 
great numbers. The following graphic account 
of the collection and arrangement at the “ expo¬ 
sition” is translated from a French paper : 
“ For this great Exhibition, which was opened 
in Paris'the 1 st of June, the Imperial and Cen¬ 
tral Horticultural Society completely metamor¬ 
phosed the nave of the Industrial Palace. This 
vast space was transformed into an English gar¬ 
den ; in the midst of irregular pieces of turf, 
traversed by large gravelled alleys, were plant¬ 
ed large green trees, which reached to the height 
of the upper galleries. In the turf were placed 
numerous borders, which were fillod with col¬ 
lections of geraniums, rhododendrons, azalias, 
camelias, cineraries, tfec.. The horticultural pro¬ 
ducts were placed in the upper galleries. 
A marble statue of the Empress Josephine, 
who did much for the progress of agriculture in 
France, overlooked all this Exhibition. Figures 
of bronze, zinc, and terracotta were disposed 
here and there with much taste. Three monu¬ 
mental fountains were placed in the centre of 
the nave. The basins of two of these were 
devoted to the exhibition of fishes ; one being 
occupied by salmon trout from the French col¬ 
lege, and by fishes from the river in the woods 
of Boulogne. This part of the exhibition was 
placed under the direction of M. Coste, a mem¬ 
ber of the Institute. The other fountain was 
appropriated for the products obtained by M. 
Maillet. 
The animals of the bovine race were placed 
in the circular galleries of the ground floor.— 
On entering the principal gate of the palace 
were seen, at the right and left, the French 
breeds, which occupied considerable'space.— 
Turning to the right w r ere encountered the 
English breeds. The Durhams were very nu¬ 
merous ; then came the Hereford, Alderney, and 
Ayrshire races, the greatest number being of 
the latter breed. 
Next came the Holland breeds, which filled 
.losrly tho mW. oiopth of the galley; thon fol¬ 
lowed the Swiss breed. The Swiss exhibition 
was very beautiful. The Bernoise race, remarka¬ 
ble for their large tails and their heads which are 
covered with curly hair, competed with the 
Scliwitz race, which constituted the greater part 
of the Swiss exhibition. The Scliwitz race is a 
mountain breed, of a greyish color, with a large 
white streak upon the nose. The Scliwitz cows 
merit, the reputation of being excellent for the 
dairy. Above each stall was suspended the 
traditional bell of the Swiss cows. This belli 
sometimes takes enormous proportions, and very 
original forms. The collar to which it is attached 
was regarded with favor by the compatriots of 
William Tell; it is usually covered with gilt 
nails and ornamented with tufts of fleece. 
The German races included all the Hungarian 
breeds, together with the Bernoise and Schwitz 
races. The animals exhibited of these races 
were remarkable. It was very curious to ob¬ 
serve, in this part of the palace, the Swiss 
countrymen, the Tyroleans, Transylvanians, 
Gallicians and Hungarians, who accompanied 
the best of their flocks to Paris. They all pre¬ 
served the picturesque costume of their countries 
which gave to the exhibition the most primitive 
aspect. The Hungarians wore white pantaloons, 
very long and very large, which much resem¬ 
bled the sport petticoats of the women and 
baker’s boys. They also wore long moustaches, 
which vied with the immense horns of their 
sheep and cows. 
The number of cattle exhibited was so great 
that it was found necessary to construct addi¬ 
tional stalls outside the palace. There were 
seen the pure Hungarian breed, and the buffa¬ 
loes of Hungary. These animals were very 
savage, and presented a novel aspect. Their 
pens were often visited during the exhibition. 
Beyond these additional stalls for the cattle were 
sheds occupied by the ovine and porcine breeds. 
This part of the exhibition w r as very numerous 
and of great variety. 
Parallel to the sheepfolds were the sheds de¬ 
voted to the exhibition of implements and 
machines from France and many other coun¬ 
tries. The appearance of this part of the 
exhibition was very fine ; the mind was at first 
sight confused by the variety and the great 
number of implements of every description and 
machines of all sizes which occupied this im¬ 
mense space. Opposite this spot was the shed 
specially devoted to the English exhibition. In 
the arrangement of their implements and ma¬ 
chines they displayed much ingenuity. The 
iron work was painted and polished with care ; 
the wooden frame-work waxed : everything was 
artistically grouped and disposed in the most 
favorable manner, all being brilliantly varnish¬ 
ed ; the copper and steel everywhere sparkled 
it was truly a beautiful coup d’ceil. 
Finally, at the extremity of the grounds, was 
erected a little palace, two stories high, covered 
with wire work and decorated with much taste. 
This palace was the poultry ward. On the 
ground floor was the rabbits. Some of these 
were of incredible size. The first story was 
occupied by the fowls, cockerels and hens of 
every species and of all countries; turkeys, 
ducks, geese, pheasants, guinea fowls, pigeons, 
(fee. This little corner of the exhibition was 
not the least interesting nor the less noisy. 
The upper galleries of the palace were divided 
into three parts. The two larger galleries which 
w r ere parallel to the Champs Elyseeswere occu¬ 
pied by small agricultural implements, models 
of machines, plans, in relief, of farms and other 
agricultural establishments, the tools, beehives, 
pipes for drainage, and agricultural and horti¬ 
cultural products of all kinds. The French 
Colonies, Algeria and the foreign nations, ex¬ 
posed their products in tiro gallery opposite the 
Champs Elysees. The parallel gallery was oc¬ 
cupied by French productions. The transverse 
gallery which was opposite the Place de la 
Concorde, was occupied by articles to be dis¬ 
posed of by lottery, it is said, for the benefit of 
the soldiers of the Crimean Army. In this 
compartment were Seen suits of hangings, and 
trophies of oriental gear, of great beauty. The 
opposite gallery was transformed into a magnifi¬ 
cent saloon for the distribution of prizes. The 
walls were hung with crimson velvet and gold. 
The saloon was capable of holding more than 
2,000 persons.” 
County Agricultural Societies.—T he fol¬ 
lowing County Societies have fixed the time for 
holding their Annual Exhibitions. As we de¬ 
sire to publish a complete list as soon as possible, 
we hope our friends in the various parts of the 
State will forward the necessary information : 
Albany, Albany.Sept. 23, 24, 25. 
Allegany, Whitney’s Valley.-..Oct 14,15. 
Cattaraugus, Little Valley,.Sept. 17,18, 19. 
Cayuga, Auburn..Sept. 17, 18,19. 
Delaware, Walton.Sept. 24, 25. 
Essex, Elizabethtown...Sept. 18,19. 
Franklin, Malone...Sept. 24, 25, 26. 
.Jefferson, Watertown..Sept. 17,18. 
Madison, Morrisville. Sept. 8, 9,10. 
Monroe, Rochester. Sept. 24, 26, 26. 
Oneida, Rome_ ..Sept. 23, 24, 25. 
Onondaga, Syracuse,_ Sept. 10, 11,12. 
Ontario, Canandaigua.Sept. 24, 25, 26. 
Orleans, Albion,_Sept. 25, 26. 
Oswego, Mexico.......Sept. 17, 18. 
Queens, Hempstead.. Sept. 25. 
Rensselaer, Lansingburg.Sept. 16, 17, 18. 
Rockland, New City.Oct. 8, 9. 
Schuyler, Watkins.-.Oct. 8 9. 
Seneca, Waterloo,.Oct. 8, 9,10. 
Steuben, Bath.Oct. 8, 9. 
St. Lawrence, Canton,___Sept. 17,18,19. 
Tioga, Owego,_____Sept. 24, 25. 
Washington, Greenwich,___ Sept. 17,18. 
Wayne, Lyons,__Sept 23, 24, 25. 
Swine and their Value at the West.— The 
uumber of hogs in the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Michigan and Kentucky, at this time, is esti¬ 
mated by the editor of the Ohio Farmer at 10,- 
933.331, which, at $3 a head, a fair average value 
of the stock, amounts to $32,800,093. If fat and 
sold, they would average $10 a head—$109,- 
933.331. The pork interest of the whole coun¬ 
try is almost beyond itself, its magnitude is so 
great. 
Guano and its Substitutes. —The National 
Intelligencer publishes an interesting article up¬ 
on this subject, from Dr. David Stuart, chemist 
of the State Agricultural Society of Maryland. 
Dr. Stuart asserts that the economical nc<> 
refuse material constantly present on every 
farm, would render Peruvian guano unnecessa¬ 
ry. The highly concentrated and powerful 
fertilizing properties of guano he says are ow¬ 
ing to the fact that the substances of which it 
is composed have been preserved without pu¬ 
trefaction or fermentation, and their elements 
may be presented to the plant in the nascent 
state. Owing to the peculiar climate of Peru, 
of which almost complete absence of rain is a 
chief feature, manures are preserved without 
change, wdiile in other countries the same ma¬ 
terial loses three-fourths of its value by fer- 
m 6 ntatiun. It is not the elements of guano, 
but the condition in which those elements are 
presented to the embryo or growing plant that 
gives peculiar value to Peruvian guano, and it 
is only necessary to preserve the elements of 
domestic manures in their original condition, to 
make them equal in fertilizing power Peruvian 
guano. To accomplish this important object, 
the writer proposes to make use of antiseptics, 
to prevent the fermentation of manures. One 
of these refuse materials is corn-cobs. Millions 
of bushels are wasted in this country annually, 
while if the porous charcoal to be obtained 
from them (22 lbs. per bushel) were sent to a 
manufacturing chemist, an antiseptic that will 
render odorless the most offensive varieties of 
manure could be obtained. Great supplies of 
porous coal might also be obtained from peat. 
Destruction of all Weeds, and other foul 
Vegetation. —The great secret in all this mat¬ 
ter, is to prevent growth. With perseverance, 
this may in almost every case be effected, by 
keeping the tops cut off. Now is the time to 
look after these things. Briars, milk weeds, 
thistles of all sorts, sprouts and suckers from 
old stumps, and under trees now growing; in 
short, everything of this kind, should be repeat¬ 
edly cut down. The reason why so many fail 
of success in destroying these annoyances is, 
that they no not stick to the work. They do it 
up once, and then forget it. But this only stim¬ 
ulates growth, in many cases. It is the second 
or third cutting, at the right time, which begins 
to be effective. A few hours spent with all 
hands, in the free use of mattock, scythe, hoe 
and spade, beginning now and repeating two 
or three times this summer, will work wonders. 
Try it,— Ohio Farmer. 
( 
C'wroew’wn.M.nw’wM.no'w’wMinw'u 
...OP.......... . .. . . . . 
