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254 
was over one million of dollars. The amount 
of sales in and around the market, the same 
year, was one million one hundred and twenty- 
nine thousand seven hundred and thirty-five 
dozen, which, at eighteen cents per dozen, a 
low price, makes the amount paid for eggs to 
be two hundred and three thousand three hun¬ 
dred and fifty-two dollars and thirty cents.— 
“And from information obtained from other egg 
dealers in the same city, the whole amount of 
sales will not fall much short, if any, of a mil¬ 
lion of dollars for the same year. The average 
consumption of eggs at three of the hotels, was 
over two hundred dozen each day for the year 
1848.” It is estimated that New York and its 
dependencies, expends at least three millions 
of dollars annually, in the purchase of eggs. 
One dealer in the egg trade, at Philadelphia, 
sends to the New York market daily, nearly 
one hundred barrels of eggs. In Cincinnati, it 
is stated in one of the journals, that in one day 
^ I there were shipped five hundred barrels, con¬ 
taining forty-seven thousand dozeu of eggs. 
The egg trade of Cincinnati, a few years since, 
was put down at twenty-five millions in a sin¬ 
gle year, which since, without doubt, has much 
increased. 
By reference to the Agricultural statistics of 
the United States, published in 1840, it will be 
seen that the value of poultry in this State was 
two million three hundred and seventy-three 
thousand and twenty-nine dollars; which was 
more than the value of its sheep, the entire 
value of its neat cattle, and nearly five times 
the value of its horses and mules ! 
It is affirmed that with the exception of prime 
cows, there is not on the farm a single article of 
produce, whether animal or vegetable, that ac¬ 
cording to the value of the original investment, 
and the expense and labor of production, that 
yields as much clean profit as will come from 
the poultry-yard if properly attened to. This 
assertion is made with confidence, because it is 
sustained by our own experience and by a care¬ 
ful examination of the subject. 
What better occupation, or rather what better 
amusement, can the young members of a family 
have, than to feed and watch over the poultry 
of a farm ? In this way they may clothe them¬ 
selves and pay for their books, without inter¬ 
fering with the school exercises, or any reason¬ 
able labors, expected from them in other things. 
C. N. Bkment. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
AUGUST 9. 
present, and yet I kept on sowing. My expe 
l ienee may not be that of others, for I am awar 
that locality has much to do with the ravages 
of insects. J. B. Smith, M. D 
Ogden Centre, N. Y., July 15, 1856. 
CHEESE-MAKING—NO. I. 
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE IN JEFFERSON COUNTY, 
WHEAT MIDGE, OR WEEVIL. 
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Editor Rural :— As the time is at hand 
when the farmers of Western New York must 
determine what disposition to make of their 
wheat lands in view of the ravages of the Wee¬ 
vil, I wish to submit some observations, not as 
original, but for the sake of comparing them 
with the observations of others who may chance 
to notice this communication. 
The soil of my tarm is loam, interspersed with 
patches of clay, and intersected with some s waley 
land, and as it abounds in lime stone is naturally 
.favorable to the production of wheat. I have 
now growing fifty acres, occupying a sufficient 
variety of soil to answer the purpose of this 
communication, which is to present the condi¬ 
tion under which the weevil has thus far com¬ 
mitted the most serious depredations. 
Insects are not capricious in their movements, 
and we may obtain some control of their mischief 
by watching the circumstances which more or 
* 1 less embarrass and binder them in their depre- 
'.diMwins. •The weather is one important circum¬ 
stance which a kind Providence alone can 
control; but the kind of soil, the preparation, 
the time of sowing the seed, the variety of wheat 
sown, are under our control, and in my opinion 
have a great influence in securing the crop 
against the ravages of insects. 
It is with the view to furnish some data in 
regard to the operations of the weevil that I 
have selected, of as nearly the same size as pos¬ 
sible, the following series of wheat heads, which 
have matured under the circumstances enume¬ 
rated. I have carefully counted the perfect 
kernels which now remain, and wish to be un¬ 
derstood that the deficiency in number, in parts 
of the heads, is caused by weevil. The little 
Mediterranean I have in my crop is uninjured. 
I have selected from the Soules’ wheat: 
3 heads on backward spots, high land, each of 
which have 20,14,24 kernels. 
3 heads on early patches, high land, 47, 49, 48 
kernels. 
3 heads on dry land, highly fertilized with 
manure, 50, 52, 54 kernels. 
3 late heads, on low, swaley land, 12,13, 7 ker¬ 
nels. 
3 early heads, on swaley land, but few as good, 
30, 40,39 kernels. 
My general conclusion is, that early develop¬ 
ment of the head is the greatest safeguard.— 
Those who have hitherto sown wheat at random 
without regard to soil or preparation, will have 
to desist or lose their crop. With due regard 
to the following circumstances, I intend, at pres¬ 
ent, to continue to sow wheat: 
1. Dry land naturally favorable to wheat, 
nicely prepared, so as to secure a rapid growth 
in the spring. 
2. Land made fertile with manure, so as to 
invigorate the plant, securing early develop¬ 
ment. 
3. Sow as early as prudent with due regard 
to injury from Hessian fly in the fall. 
d. Mediterranean variety on low, swaley 
patches. 
The observance of these rules will much 
abridge the number of aeries sown, but will give 
us a more certain return. I have raised twenty- 
five crops of wheat with variable success—going 
in some as high as 1,500 and 1,600 bushels. I 
have received more injury in one year, once 
from rust, twice from Hessian fly, than would 
be inflicted by weevil in seven years like the 
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Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In compliance 
with your very kind invitation, I propose to give 
you a chapter or two on Cheese Making. Be 
fore proceeding to the method of manufacture, 
it may perhaps be well to make some general 
remarks upon the subject. The art of Cheese 
Making is as yet quite imperfectly understood 
in this section. The writer well remember 
the first“bold experiments” made in this county 
from dairies of 15 to 20 cows. Very many of 
our dairymen are constantly changing from 
butter to cheese, and from cheese back to but' 
ter again. Such can hardly be expected to 
excel. Others, again, try to make butter and 
cheese at the same time—“robbing Peter to pay 
Paul.” As a consequence their cheese is lean 
in quality and deficient in weight. Dairies 
that contain a considerable, or even a large pro 
portion of good cheese, are plenty in this and in 
the adjacent counties. But dairies that are 
uniform and excellent as a whole —that contain no 
bad cheese—are not so plenty. Yet there are 
fair number of dairies in this section that are 
generally excellent, and rank deservedly high 
in market, both for shipping and for the retail 
winter city trade. For sending to market green 
for the summer trade, the Herkimer Co. cheese 
takes precedence. 
One simple truth in reference to this subject 
is quite too much overlooked. It is this :— 
Cheese-making is a trade by itself; an art that 
needs to be constantly and carefully studied and 
learned by long and patient practice, as other arts 
are learned. The trade once learned, a man can 
hardly afford to entrust his large dairy to inex 
periencedand incompetent help. The dairyman 
should make his cheese himself, or secure from 
year to year a competent and experienced maker. 
Many of our dairymen make and take care of 
their own cheese. They are thus constantly 
adding to their fund of knowledge and expe- 
perience, are independent of very uncertain 
female help—and very much relieve their over¬ 
burdened “ better halves” of the extra care and 
labor of keeping a dairy. 
Dairying is a tip-top business—about the 
best in the country — and if it can be relieved 
of the extra labor it brings into the house, it 
will be still more desirable. It pays, —and pays 
ever), better than raising wheat in your far-farm¬ 
ed Western New York. I am decidedly of the 
opinion, Messrs. Editors, that our Agricultural 
Societies and Agricultural Journals, ought to 
encourage and recommend those methods of 
farming that pay a fair per centage on the labor 
and capital invested. I see no reason why we 
should not farm for a profit simply as we follow 
any other business for a profit. I do not like 
to do business merely for the fun of the thing. 
It is too true of many of our “ model farmers” 
and agricultural heroes, that their farming 
makes money “ out of pocket." I am in favor of 
those systems of farming that, while they en¬ 
rich the soil, do not impoverish the pocket. 
Without laying down rules or advancing new 
theories, I propose, as soon as other engage¬ 
ments will permit, to give you the process of 
manufacture as practiced by some of the best 
cheese-makers in Jefferson county. b. 
Jefferson County, N. Y., July, 1856. 
FEMALE EQUESTKIANSHIP AT AG. FAIRS. 
Eds. Rural :—Some of your correspondents 
censure the practice of fast driving or racing at 
our Agricultural Shows, and not without some 
reason, though there does seem to be a proprie¬ 
ty in encouraging the breeding of good travel¬ 
ers. But there is one other practice lately in¬ 
troduced at our fairs to which I am compelled 
to give an unqualified dissent, even at the risk 
of a loss of reputation as a gallant. I allude 
to female equestrianship. I am decidedly in 
favor of young ladies learning to catch, harness, 
drive, water and tie a horse, and to know when 
the harness is “all right” and the horse in good 
condition, and how fast he may in justice be 
driven. When the country was new, the roads 
bad, carriages not to be obtained, men had less 
leisure, and women more strength of muscle 
and endurance, they rode on horseback as a 
matter of convenience and economy, and the 
practice was praiseworthy. It cannot now, as 
formerly, be brought into use as a matter of 
convenience. A lady in her equestrian dress, 
would surely be unsafe without an attendant; 
she could hardly tie her horse, much less walk 
home should she be thrown and her horse run 
away. Thus it is now a mere matter of pleas¬ 
ure or display. 
It is not, however, on this aceount that the 
most serious objections can be urged against 
the practice. It is attended by extreme dan¬ 
ger. I know it is said that there is as little 
danger on a horse’s back as in a buggy behind 
him. Perhaps this is true of a thorough-bred 
horseman, but not so of one in a thousand of 
our young ladies. For a person to balance 
himself gracefully, easily and safely upon the 
back of a horse, muscles must be brought into 
a vigorous use, that are not accustomed to it, as 
the tyro will readily perceive from his limbs 
soon becoming wearied. These muscles may 
become strengthened by practice, especially in 
youth, so that this method of locomotion be¬ 
comes comparatively easy. But the necessary 
practice, I venture to say, no young lady in this 
country and age ever gets. They are all more 
or less accustomed to riding in a carriage, and 
can there see how horses are driven—and to 
know how to drive well is a useful and orna¬ 
mental accomplishment for any person. 
Few horses now-a-days are well broken to 
"the saddle; all professional men discard this | 
manner of traveling, except in extreme bad 
roads. It is harder for the horse, (especially if 
he adopts a fashionable gait,) and on the whole 
it (the lady’s saddle) better be pretty much 
given up to cobwebs, moles, and bats, and like 
the pillion of our grandmothers, brought to 
light only as a memento of olden times. In 
place of this I propose that if any ride on 
horseback at the Fairs, it shall be the men. 
Offer premiums, if you please, for the best 
driving by the ladies ; and I should like much 
to witness the trial, and be willing to help pay 
the first, second, third, and even to the tenth 
premiums. h. 
Gorham, N. Y., July, 1856. 
litoral $totes aitii ftcras. 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
CLOVER SEED-PLASTER. 
Eds. Rural :—Most of your readers here whom 
I have heard speak of the use of plaster in rais 
ing clover seed, agree with the sentiments of 
recent communication, i. e., that it will produce 
more hay, but less seed is pretty sure to follow 
The following goes lor testimony on the other 
side of the question, though it lacks the com 
pleteness which comparison of plastered and 
unplastered would have given it. 
A farmer in this county seeded two acres on 
wheat, with half a bushel of “large kind” of 
clover seed, and the second year afterwards pas 
tured until the 10th of June, and then sowed 
on a bushel of plaster per acre. He mowed it 
the last of August, and cured it as for hay, 
threshing it as it was drawn in, and saving the 
straw, as much of it was green when cut, and 
the whole had been secured in good condition 
His crop was 10 bushels of clover seed on the 
two acres, which, considering the saving of hay : 
proved a profitable yield. The expense of har¬ 
vesting and cleaning the clover seed was about 
$9—which he considered more than balanced 
by the fodder. The yield of clover seed was 
not very remarkable, still it was as large as has 
usually received premiums from Agricultural 
Societies, and is not often exceeded. h. r. 
Tompkins Co., N. Y., July, 1856. 
THICK OR THIN SEEDING. 
Eds. Rural : —Being a constant reader of 
your paper, I noticed an article in a late num¬ 
ber under the above heading, the writer pro¬ 
fessing to have become a sudden convert to the 
latter inode. Permit an old man to inform him 
he may find he has been hasty—and that the 
true method is to be guided by experience 
and judgment in each particular case. The 
writer has found from long experience that for 
oats on very rich, strong land, thick seeding is 
the best—say three bushels per acre, and less 
as the soil has less strength. The straw will 
not grow as rank, but much less liable to fall or 
rust, and the grain much better in quality. The 
same observation holds good for rye, though not 
to the same extent, as it tillers more-—and I 
have yet to see the first person who thought 
their seeding of grass too thick. 
I have noticed in several papers, turnips re¬ 
commended as ameliorating and improving the 
soil. Have long raised them on a small scale, 
and, with the exception of buckwheat, find no 
crop in which the following one does so poorly. 
Will some of your many contributors favor us 
with their experience ?—P., Watertown, Conn., 
July, 1856. 
HOW TO KILL THE WHITE DAISY. 
Eds. Rural :—I saw in your paper a request 
for a recipeto kill white daisies ; also the old 
Indian’s remedy, which was rather discourag¬ 
ing—as much as to say there is no killing them. 
But I think they can be killed, and will state 
the modus operandi. Let them grow in the 
spring, and not pasture them ; when they begin 
to blow, plow them shallow, being sure to plow 
uji all. Let them lie till the ground is dry,— 
the drier the better,—then harrow all fine ; get 
all the daisies that you can on top of the ground 
till you think they are all dead. The first of 
July plow again and harrow,—the drier and 
hotter the weather the better. Then sow a 
bushel of buckwheat to the acre. Harrow it 
well. By this process you kill the roots and 
leave no seed in the ground. In our common 
mode we leave ten seeds in the ground where 
we kill one root. Try this plan next year, and 
let us hear from you. You will be sure to get 
good crop, and from the old Indian’s recipe, 
no crop at all. —D. Daniels, Catatunk, Tioga Co., 
A’. Y. _ 
remedy for the wire worm. 
While in Maine some few years ago, a prac¬ 
tical farmer stated to me that he had suffered 
much from the wire worm, until a lawyer show¬ 
ed the farmers how to subdue them, (as Doug¬ 
lass would say.) As near as I can recollect 
his plan was to plow all the land he was to use 
the following spring in the fall, when the 
weather was as cold as possible without freezing 
the ground. By so doing he exposed the var¬ 
mints to the clutches of Jack Frost; and the 
same fall he made a compost of barn-yard ma¬ 
nure, vegetable matter, and loam, from the 
forests and farm, all the wood ashes he could 
conveniently obtain, and charcoal dust—and 
salt enough to equal three bushels to the acre 
for the amount of compost to be used. This 
compost laid all winter and was applied to his 
fall-plowed lands in the spring. The farmer 
stated that after applying the above remedy, 
his crops were not troubled at all with the wire 
■worm.—T. J. L., Few Haven. 
A Severe Drouth is prevailing in Ohio and 
other sections of the West, and many fears are 
expressed of a material depreciation of the corn 
potato and other crops in consequence. The 
continued dry weather in this region, also, is 
creating a drouth which gives no little cause for 
anxiety. But little rain has fallen during the 
past month, and if the present weather contin¬ 
ues the drouth must soon prove very severe and 
destructive over a large extent of country.— 
The heat of the last half of July was very op¬ 
pressive, exceeding that of any corresponding 
period (except 1854,) in nineteen years. This 
extreme heat, a d lack of rain, rendered the 
season remarkable—and, though very favorable 
for harvesting, copious rains are now needed to 
quench the parching earth and invigorate the 
dwarfed crops. 
Books for Premiums, etc.—The attention of 
directors of Agricultural and Horticultural So¬ 
cieties is specially directed to the announce¬ 
ments of C. M. Saxton A Co., in our advertising 
department. Officers who have written us on 
the subject of obtaining books to be awarded 
as premiums, and all others interested, (particu¬ 
larly such as desire to purchase Ag. and Hort. 
works by the quantity, at wholesale prices,) 
will, we are confident, find the above named 
enterprising publishers both honorable and 
liberal in their transactions. From our personal 
and business acquaintance with Messrs. S. A 
Co., we can conscientiously commend the firm 
to the patronage of Societies, Booksellers, Ac. 
and trust that this entirely voluntary and un¬ 
solicited notice may be the means of dissemi¬ 
nating hundreds of volumes of valuable works 
on Agriculture, Horticulture, Ac. 
State Fairs for 1856.—Several of the State 
and County Agricultural Societies have desig¬ 
nated time and place of holding next Annual 
Fairs, and issued Premium Lists, Ac. The fol¬ 
lowing State and National Shows are already 
announced : 
Alabama, Montgomery,.Nov. 11,12,13,14. 
Am. Pom. Society, Rochester.Sept. 24—30. 
California, San Jose,.Oct. 7, 8,9. 
Connecticut, New Haven.Oct. 7, 8, 9, 10. 
Georgia, Atlanta.Oct. 20, 21, 22, 23. 
Illinois, Alton.Sept. 30 & Oct. 1, 2,3. 
Indiana, Indianapolis.Oct. 20—25. 
Iowa, Muscatine...Oct. 8, 9,10. 
Kentucky, Paris,..Sept 30 & Oct. 1,2,3,4. 
Maine, Waterville,.Oct. 28, 29, 30, 31. 
Maryland, Baltimore,.Oct. 21, 22, 23,24. 
Michigan, Detroit.Sept. 30 & Oct. 1,2, 3. 
New Hampshire, Concord,.Oct. 8, 9, 10. 
New York, Watertown.Sept. 30 & Oct. 1, 2, 3, 
New Jersey, Newark..Sept. 10, 11,12. 
National Ag. Show, Philadelphia.. .October 7. 
North Carolina, Raleigh,.Oct. 14, 15,16,17. 
Ohio, Cleveland.Sept. 23, 24,25, 26. 
Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh.Sept. 30 to Oct. 4. 
South Carolina, Columbia .Nov. 11, 12, 13,14. 
So. Virginia, Richmond.Oct. 28, 29,30, 31. 
Tennessee, Nashville.Oct., 2d week. 
United States Ag. Society, Philadelphia .. .Oct. 7, 8, 9,10. 
Vermont, Burlington,.Sept. 9,10, 11, 12. 
Virginia, Wheeling Island,.Sept. 17,18,19. 
Wisconsin, Milwaukee.Oct. 8, 9,10. 
Provincial Fairs. 
Canada East, Three Rivers,.Sept. 16,17,18. 
Canada West, Kingston,.Sept. 23, 24, 25, 25. 
Just a Word. — We respectfully submit 
whether it is exactly fair and honorable for 
those who wish to sell articles and products, to 
attempt to do so through the meaus of a com¬ 
munication in the reading pages of this or any 
other journal, rather than by advertising the 
same in the appropriate department. For our 
selves, albeit naturally amiable and disposed 
to accommodate so far as consistent, we are 
constrained to ignore many advertisements 
which come to us in the guise of “a white horse 
of another color.” As the applications of this 
character, of late, are neither “few nor far be¬ 
tween,” we beg to suggest to the parties inte¬ 
rested—who have not already made the discov¬ 
ery—that all wishing to extol and describe, 
state price, Ac., of wares for sale, in this paper, 
must do so in the legitimate department. 
Inquiry — Plaster on Wheat Fallows. —Will 
some of your readers who have experimented, 
report on the application of plaster to summer 
fallows, shortly before sowing to wheat ?—b. 
California Greatness. —That California is a 
great country we hope none of our readers will 
have the temerity to doubt. It’s auriferous de¬ 
posits are immense, it’s vegetable productions 
gigantic, it’s animal creation, from silk worms 
down to editors, huge — the latter class being 
emphatically “some" in yarns. The Farmer, 
published at Sacramento, in reviewing the de¬ 
tailed accounts relative to experiments with the 
potato as published in the Rural early in the 
present volume, says : 
• These gentlemen seem to talk as though 
they had big crops, ‘ way down East.’ Why, 
gentlemen, have you ever heard of California? 
where we have potatoes weighing nine pounds! 
and as many of that size grow in one hill, as— 
-well we will not say how many, fearing it 
might seem incredible to ‘ Down Easters.’ And 
then our corn, why, the story goes that a man 
up the mountains accidentally left his staff by 
corn hill one day, and forgot all about it. On 
harvesting the corn, he found six or seven large 
ears on each stalk, and several clever nubbins on 
the staff. Now this is just a3 true, as—as— 
pshaw ! we cannot think of any good compari¬ 
son just now ; but gentlemen, if you don't be¬ 
lieve it, just come out to California, and we will 
take great pleasure in showing you the sights 
here. In the meantime, keep cool, on the pota¬ 
to question; or we shall be compelled to find 
something more wonderful than wo have yet 
told you.” 
Brother Farmer we are surprised that you 
should entertain for one moment the idea that 
California was an unknown spot, in this section. 
We receive your issue, and having a perchant 
for the Munchausenish, gratify said desire by a 
perusal of its columns. You might just as well 
have told us “how many there weie in the 
hill,” for you could not, possibly, have spoiled 
the yarn. We can’t go to California, but if 
some would-be Barnum should ever exhibit 
those whose powers for elongating veracity are 
undoubted, we will pay our “ quarter,” drop in 
and get the worth of our money in taking “ sights ” 
at you. 
Sale of a Herd of Short-horns. —We un¬ 
derstand that S. P. Chapman, Esq. of Clock- 
ville, Madison Co., N. Y.,—widely known as 
one of the best breeders of improved stock in 
this country—has recently purchased a herd of 
Short-horn cows and heifers of Mr. C. Calkins, 
of China, Wyoming Co., N. Y. It is said that 
the purchase embraces several beautiful heifers. 
Mr. C.’s herd was composed of and derived 
from animals formerly obtained of Messrs. 
Chapman and Vail. 
Care of Horses. —Those who have the care 
of horses are frequently very negligent in the 
manner of discharging their duty. There is 
no animal in existence so susceptible to the ef¬ 
fects of dirt, impure air, bad bedding, Ac., as 
the horse. All excrements in a horse’s stable, 
however small in quantity, should be removed 
at least once a day, and a clean, dry place left 
for the animal to stand, or lie down upon.— 
Many a horse when stabled for an hour’s feed¬ 
ing, is placed in a close, filthy place, without a 
breath of pure air—there obliged to make his 
meal. We would almost as soon think of eating 
in such a place ourselves, as of compelling a 
horse to do it. If you have no window in 
your stable, by all meaus make one dt once, or 
knock off a board, to let in light and pure air. 
When you have removed the droopings from 
the stable at night, strew the floor with dry 
straw or muck ;—the value of the manure will 
more than repay the expense—besides render¬ 
ing your horse healthier.— Arator. 
Steam Plow. —Mr. Bronson Murray, of Illi¬ 
nois, suggests that the sum of $50,000 be raised 
by subscription, and offered as a premium for 
the invention of a successful Steam Plow for the 
prairies. He proposes to be one of one hundred 
persons who shall subscribe $500 each for this 
purpose. Mr. Murray is a wise man. A suc¬ 
cessful steam plow for the prariesof the North- 
West, would re-imburse the company that 
should manufacture it, and pay $50,000 for the 
patent, in a single season after its utility should 
be fully established. So if the Hemp growers 
of Kentucky and Missouri should unite, and by 
offering jiremiums amounting to a similar sum 
for the invention of a hemp cutter and a hemp 
break, succeed in obtaining machines that would 
answer the purpose desired, without being too 
cumbersome and expensive, the demand for 
them would be such as would repay the outlay 
in a single season. 
Deterioration of Barn-Yard Manure.— 
Dung, in the opinion of the late Judge Peters, 
begins to deteriorate after it is one year old.— 
“I have put it on,” says he, “after lying 
several years, without any perceptible benefit. 
But the practice of plowing in hot and fresh 
dung, has often been to me a subject of regret. 
It not only produces smutty crops, in parts over 
stimulated, but cannot be equally spread or 
covered, so that much straw and little grain ap¬ 
pear in spots, which often lie down ; and, in 
others, scarcely any advantage is derived.— 
Muck, composted, will keep the longest, with¬ 
out injury to its fertilizing qualities. Dung and 
muck, in confined places, from which free air 
and moisture are excluded undergo a degree of 
combustion, and become dry-rotten, mouldy, and 
useless.” 
All stiff clays are benefited by fall and win¬ 
ter plowings; but should never be plowed when 
wet. If at such plowings, the furrow be ma¬ 
terially deepened, lime, marl or ashes, should 
be applied. 
Abundant crops cannot be grown for a suc¬ 
cession of years, unless care be taken to provide 
an equivalent for the substances carried off the 
land in the products grown thereon. 
Experiments with Milk. —L. Y. Bierce, of 
Akron, Ohio, has been experimenting a little 
with milk in glass pans, and furnishes the re¬ 
sult to the Ohio Farmer: —“ I took the milk of 
the same cow, milked at the same time, and 
divided it equally, putting half in a glass pan, 
and half in a tin pan, and placed them side and 
side. In the first 24 hours, were two thunder 
showers ; and at the end of that time, the milk 
in the tin pan was sour; that in the glass pan 
was sweet and good. At the end of twelve 
hours more, that in the tin was thick clabber or 
lobbered, as the Yankees call it, and that in the 
glass began to turn. From this, I believe, glass 
pans will preserve milk one-third longer than 
tin pans. Will our dairymen try it ? 
Nutritive Matter in Wheat, Barley and 
Oats. —Barley is said to contain 65 per cent, of 
nutrive matter; wheat contains 74 per cent. 
A bushel of barley weighing 50 lbs. therefore 
contains about 32 Hj 3. of nutriment, while a 
bushel of wheat weighing 60 fbs. contains 47 
lbs. Good oats, weighing 40 lbs. contain about 
24 lbs. of nutritive substance ; so that the com¬ 
parative value of wheat, barley and oats in feed¬ 
ing cattle may be represented by 47, 32, and 24, 
the measure being the same. The experiments 
on which these comparative values were found¬ 
ed, were first carefully made by Einhoff, and 
subsequently continued on a large scale by 
Thaer. 
To preserve meadows in their productiveness, 
it is necessary to harrow them every second 
autumn, apply top-dressing, and roll them up. 
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