-yi 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, AUGUST 18, 1858 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 
I secure their attendance and participation, per- 
[ haps for the first time, in exhibitions which the 
initiated appreciate and rarely fail of promoting 
by their presence and contributions. 
But our present purpose is, or was in the out¬ 
set, to speak of timely and proper preparation 
on the part of officers, active members and ex¬ 
hibitors, rather than dwell upon the character¬ 
istics of Ag. Fairs. Assuming the utility and 
beneficial influence of well mauaged exhibi¬ 
tions—a position which no intelligent man will 
gainsay—we hold that it is the duty, as it 
should be the pleasure, of every producer to 
encourage them by his presence and contribu¬ 
tions. We are aware that many good citizens 
withhold their aid and encouragement—some 
ascribing wrong motives to the managers,and 
others complaining of faults which their pres¬ 
ence and influence at the meetings and shows 
might easily remedy. This is all wrong. Cer¬ 
tainly no progressive farmer can consistently 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOEE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OP ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
SPECIAL CONTIUItUTORSi 
H. T. BROOKS, Prof. C. DEWEY, 
T. C. PETERS, L. B. LANGWORTHY, 
H. C. WHITE. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Puritv and 
Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor to make it 
a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Subjects connected 
with the business ot those whose interests it advocates. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Mechan¬ 
ical, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with many appro¬ 
priate and beautiful Engravings, than any other paper published 
in this Country,—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper. 
83^* All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms, and other particulars, see last page. 
PREPARE FOR THE RURAL HOLIDAYS. 
Although the busy and trying Reason of 
Harvest is past, and the Summer ndarly ended, 
many labors and duties are yet incumbent upon 
tbe husbandman. As among the most promi¬ 
nent of these, we would invite special attention 
to the importance of due preparation for the ap¬ 
proaching Rural Holidays —the Annual Exhi¬ 
bitions of the numerous Town, County, District 
and State Agricultural Associations. The great 
majority of the Rural’s constituency are direct¬ 
ly interested in this subject, and Jien'ce our 
remarks are addressed to tens of thousands of 
officers and members (and those who should 
become such) of the various Societies which are 
designed and endeavoring to accelerate the 
cause of Agricultural Improvement — a cause 
which should enlist a portion at least of the 
best thoughts aud energies of every progressive 
farmer, wherever located or by whomsoever sur¬ 
rounded. The subject is indeed one of National 
interest—perhaps of as much real consequence 
as the Presidential question'—for Ag. Societies 
are now organized and Fairs annually held in 
nearly all sections of the country, from Maine to 
Minnesota, and Canada to California. 
In designating the Autumnal Industrical Ex¬ 
hibitions as Rural Holidays, we not only denote 
what they should ^e, but what in truth they 
have already become in many partsof the Union. 
In those sections where Societies have been in 
efficient operation for several years, their shows 
are very properly regarded as gala occasions, 
and participated in accordingly. They interest 
instruct and furnish recreation for all classes.— 
Encouraging the exhibition of the most useful 
articles produced in their respective localities, 
aud securing such ornamental accessories as to 
render the whole display novel, beautiful and 
attractive, those F “ies which are conducted 
with efficiency and enterprise combine in their 
Fairs many excellent features, and exercise a 
salutary influence upon both individuals and 
community. While improving the taste, and 
sprrning the ambition by creating a desire to 
excel in the more important branches of culture, 
husbandry and manufacture, they afford mem¬ 
bers and visitors opportunity to interchange 
thoughts and courtesies, as well as to examine 
and compare the results of superior taste, skill 
and industry. But in addition to the principal 
and generally considered most beneficial (be¬ 
cause instructive aud practical) features, almost 
every show comprises, or should comprise, 
novelties aud attractions which afford pleasura¬ 
ble recreation and amusement — items of no 
little importance to a people who have so few 
leisure and gala days as do the great mass of 
Americans. Indeed we have but one really 
National Holiday—the ever-memorable yet of¬ 
ten much-abused and wickedly celebrated 
Fourth of July—and therefore require such 
sensible, meritorious and jubilant festivities as 
may be inaugurated by Ag’l Associations. 
The experience of the past ten ten years, du¬ 
ring which we have attended many shows in 
this and other States, convinces us that the 
more novelty and amusement can he combined 
with the useful, practical and instructive fea¬ 
tures of all Rural Fairs—Town, County and 
State—the greater will be their success, aud the 
more universal and marked the benefit and 
satisfaction to community. Indeed, this is ab¬ 
solutely necessary, in many localities, in order 
to bring out the masses—the upper teu liuudred 
thousand requiring some striking incentive to 
SHORT-DIORN COW, LUCILLA IV. 
This beautiful cow is now the property of S. 
P. Chapman, Esq., of Clockville, Madison Co.. 
N. Y. She is said to be a very fine animal— 
the best of the cows recently purchased by Mr. 
S. from the herd of Judge Sheldon, of Sennett. 
Pedigree.— Red and white; calved January 
29, 1851 ; bred by J. F. Sheafe, Dutchess Co., 
N. Y.; got by imported Duke of Exeter 449, 
(10152,) Dam Lucilla 3d, by Don 423, g. d. Lu- 
cilla, by Enchanted, (3729,) gr. g. d. Louisa, 
by Boston, (1735,) gr. gr. g. d. Boston Cow,h 
Sir Charles, (1440). Duchess, by Wellington, 
(683)—by Admiral, (1608)—by Sir Harry, 
(1844)—by Colonel, (1845)—by Grandson of 
Hubback (319)—by Son of Hubback, (319.) 
soil, or sterility and desolation must inevitably 
result. ^ 
A radical change in the system of American 
agriculture has become a matter of prime ne¬ 
cessity. From the land has been the lule of 
action ; to the land is the course which will 
have-to be adopted. In other words, the meth¬ 
od that takes from the farm all, and restores 
nothing, must he discarded and one that will 
remunerate the soil, in a greater or lesser de¬ 
gree, become the governing principle in agri¬ 
cultural science. 
How is this to be accomplished ? By closing 
all the streams which have heretofore drained 
the life-blood of the soil. We need to cultivate 
less for present reward. In the culture of a 
crop, in addition to ascertaining how r much we 
can get off a certain field, an endeavor to leave 
the soil in the best condition should he made. 
This object can he attained only by pursuing 
an intelligent system of cultivation, and a 
thorough knowledge of the wants of the farm is 
imperative to the successful performance of 
such course. Experiment with the various 
manures and processes for elevating the stand¬ 
ard of soils should be made by those interested, 
the results carefully noted and compared as to 
power, cost, manner of application, enduring 
faculty, etc. 
As far as may he possible, fertilizers should 
he the product of the farm. The extreme 
prices at which special manures are selling, 
and the increased demand for them, together 
with the tendency upward in scale of cost 
which will result from extensive use, will ren¬ 
der their application very expensive if not un¬ 
profitable. Many of these compounds, it is 
thought, produce no permanent effects,—their 
action is either an immediate one, or their in¬ 
gredients so soluble that rains and moisture 
soon convey their elements out of the reach of 
the growing crop/ Should this, upon investi¬ 
gation, prove to be the fact, they are not, as a 
body, to he depended upon. The barn-yard is 
the grand source to which farmers must look, 
and everything which cau in any manner be 
made to contribute to the increase of this de¬ 
partment of farm economy, should not only he 
gathered, but its powers preserved and kept in 
the best state for application to the soil. If the 
proposition be true, it brings us to the adoption 
of the maxim—“ No stock, no manure ; no ma¬ 
nure, no crops”—aud here, undoubtedly, we 
find the basis of agricultural progress. 
Every means that will prevent the deteriora¬ 
tion of the solid excrements of cattle should be 
brought into general use, and all devices for 
preserving liquid droppings should be as ex¬ 
tensively adopted. The premises where ma¬ 
nure is stored should be comparatively dry, and 
it should not be exposed, as is too frequently 
the case, to rain or the flow of water from the 
roof. Care needs to be exercised also in their 
accumulation that too rapid decomposition does 
Tanks for the reception of | trenchment, saving hundreds of millions to the 
ght to be constructed upon | nation, he desirable ? But taken individually, 
the original cost, and yearly repairs of fences, 
will be fouiid to he an enormous sum, when 
compared with the actual benefit received from 
them. 
Another reason why fences are not paying 
investments, consists in the large amount of 
ground thrown to waste by their occupancy.— 
To be convinced, we have but to walk over even 
the best of farms. You will perceive that the 
majority are of the kind usually denominated 
“ Virginia rail,” and occupy at least half a rod 
of ground in width, never disturbed by the 
plow. On a large farm, divided and subdivid¬ 
ed, this is a serious waste. 
Another reason, and one of the most power¬ 
ful to be urged, is that the uncultivated ground 
adjacent to a fence, by its defended position 
will be suffered to generate all sorts of foul 
stuff unmolested, and scatter their enormous 
increase broad cast, as insidious enemies of the 
farmers’ peace of mind, and, as agents for ful¬ 
filling the declaration that “ man shall earn his 
bread by the sweat of his brow,” active promo¬ 
ters of hard labor. 
The materials generally used for fence build¬ 
ing, at the present consumption, will soon fail, 
or by their costliness be beyond the means of 
the generality of farmers. When we consider 
the enormous quantities used for building pur¬ 
poses and fuel, we may well be alarmed at its 
unnecessary use. As the . felling of trees is 
known to exert a great influence on the supply- 
of water, and to affect temperature, it will not 
be policy, for these reasons, to further depopu¬ 
late our forests. That materials for fencing will 
soon fail, is beyond doubt. The demand is 
greater than the supply. Let it not then be 
wasted. 
Lastly, though not least, a fence is undesira¬ 
ble in my estimation, on account of its unsight¬ 
liness. Imagine a fine farm, under cultivation, 
with nothing to mar tire view, bar the sun’s rays 
or obstruct the air and snow in their lawful cir¬ 
culation, (for these must be taken into the ac¬ 
count against a fence,) and then imagine (you 
will find the reality) the same divided into 
half a dozen lots, with a net-work of fences to 
spoil the effect of nature’s works by their ugli¬ 
ness. To a city gentleman, whose ideas of the 
country are those of an earthly Paradise, the 
sight of a rail fence, with its surroundings of 
brush and weeds, though it is “ rustic,” will be 
anything but prepossessing. 
In accordance with a generally adopted cus¬ 
tom of forming plans for rearing a new struc¬ 
ture on destroying an old one, the duty devolves 
on me to present a system capable of supply¬ 
ing the deficiency caused by the abolishment 
of farm fences. In order to find out what will 
supersede the fence, we must first inquire what 
office it is made to perform. The answer to this 
is simply to confine stock. For instance, on a 
Communirafiffits 
In very many portions of our country the 
question, from what sources are we to obtain 
the elements of fertility nectssary to meet the 
constant demand upon our soils, presents itself 
to the farmer. When the land was new, crops 
could be grown with very little labor, and at 
that period the collection and preservation of 
anything that could benefit, or aid in retaining 
the original richness of the farmer’s possessions, 
was a matter of slight importance. Doubtless 
a spontaneity of grow th had much to do with 
negligence and carelessness, for it is plainly 
observable that in all countries where nature 
has been thus provident, man becomes dull and 
listless physically, while mental enervation as 
certainly follows. That time, however, in this 
section has passed, and necessity places a dif¬ 
ferent phase upon the operations of the farm. 
It requires those possessing land should collect 
aud prepare every material calculated to renew 
and preserve the constituents of the original 
Sfe; I 
