MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
SEPT. 6. 
Contrarotations. 
SMUT IN SEED WHEAT. 
There Rave been, and there are still, a va 
riety of opinions in regard to the effect produ 
ced by smut sown with seed wheat. But the | ar , e °f no 8er ™ ce }° hens ke P[ sim P l V f or the W 5 
spent a large part of her time out doors, and has 
been of comparatively little trouble. We have 
let her live. 
“ Striped's ” story, Mr. Editor, has taken more 
room in the telling than I anticipated ; so I will 
close with the moral which it teaches—or rather 
rather seems to me to teach—namely, that cocks 
most general opinion among farmers is that if ^ey lay. All things consideied, I think they 
smut is sown, smut will follow in the coming ( tke kens ) do better without them. As to the 
crop. And there are various conjectures how it nuraber e SS 3 laid, I have not been able to 
can influence seed to produce smut again, for detect much, if any difference. Certainly hens 
all admit that it cannot germinate and grow wiUlout a cock wil1 la ^ as ^11,-they are 
again. Some suppose that a little dust from q^eter—their plumage is handsomer, and they 
smut kernels adheres to the downy ends of the are ’ * tb ink, less liable to disease of the ovi- 
good wheat, winters there, and in the spring du r ct and are lon g er '™ d - 
has a sort of magical influence in changing 1 have endea ™ red carefully to observe this 
good to bad. For my part, I can see but very matter > and ha ™ come to the conclusion that, at 
little philosophy in all their reasoning ; how- least ’ where fows are ke P t ia sma11 enclosures, 
ever, it may be that smut will produce smut cocks should be ke P t as stallioQS or bu cks are ; 
again. shut up by themselves, or procured for a time, 
But before endorsing the above theory, I will and then P ut with a few hens onl y thafc J ou 
ask indulgence in presenting a few opposite wisk breed from - 
considerations. Last fall we sowed a field of dka ^ ^ be above principle that fowls lay as 
15 acres, divided into three parts, and sowed at without cocks applies to the whole range 
three different times—using all our seed from ^ ke fathered tribe I will instance a pigeon, 
the same bin, and which contained a very little or ^ ke dove the streets, which we have tame 
smut. It was all sown quite late. The part abou ^ ^ be bouse. The female, when mated, or- 
first sown was found, when harvested, to be but cbnai T ^ a Y s two e g£ s at a time, and has two 
a very little smutty; the second (sown about broods tb e season. But shut up from a mate, 
two weeks after,) was quite smutty, and the last ours bas * a * d ’ 80 ^ ar tbis spring and summer 
part was scarcely affected at all by smut.— eight eggs. She sits about three weeks—one 
Again, I have heard several farmers say that ^eek over her time and then deserts her nest, 
they found considerable smut in their wheat In a few da L 8 sbe commences gathering straws 
this year, though they sowed pure seed last ^ 01 a Qew uest. 
fall. And, again, several of the first settlers of A friend bad a female Canary that had not 
Michigan have told me, that a few years ago bad a mate ’ bufc ^ a i d ea °b season she was single 
there was so much smut in their wheat that it ffom 20 to 25 e £g s - Tbe last two years she has 
ted, until I obtained all the desirable qualities 
of both the original stocks, blended in one ani¬ 
mal, viz., the form, docility and color of the 
cattle, with the hardihood and fur of the Buffalo. 
These might not be had in the same perfection, 
but would approximate nearly to it. Should 
any other color be preferred, then cross with 
cattle of that color. Such a stock would be far 
more valuable than our cattle, would produce 
robes which would exceed those of the Buffalo 
in beauty and durability, and consequently be 
worth more. Their furry covering would be a 
great protection in our severe winters, and 
would not burden them in summer, because it 
would be shed or cast off in spring. I believe 
it is an established law with the stock breeder 
“that by careful selections of those from which 
he breeds, and with a clear and defined con¬ 
ception of the object he intends to effect, he 
may procure a progeny in which that object 
will be accomplished.” I know of no natural 
law which would interfere with the cross above 
proposed, and it certainly would be a valuable 
acquisition for our working cattle, our milch 
cows and our beeves to produce a robe superior, 
or even equal to the buffalo robe now in use. 
Will not some of our fancy stock breeders at 
the West, with extensive fields and ample 
funds, try the experiment ? I think “ it would 
pay,” and that is the great object in this money 
making age. L . K . s . 
Livonia, N. Y., 1856. • 
STATE AND COUNTY AG. PAIRS. 
Ix a recent number we exhorted our readers 
throughout the country to “Prepare for the 
Rural Holidays”—the Annual Exhibitions of 
the numerous County, District, and State Agri¬ 
cultural Associations. And now, as many of 
these anniversaries are soon to be held, we re¬ 
peat our table of State Exhibitions, and give 
as complete a list of the approaching County 
Fairs in this and other States where the Rural 
circulates, as we have been able to compile 
from exchanges and other sources. We regret 
that we have no definite information relative to 
the Co. Fairs in Pennsylvania and Michigan — 
States largely represented on our subscription 
books. However, our list is probably the lar¬ 
gest and most complete yet published. It will 
prove timely and valuable now, and interesting 
for future reference and comparison. 
COUNTY PAIRS IN ILLINOIS. 
Sept. 
23- 25. 
19,20. 
24- 26. 
24, 25. 
24, 25. 
23-26. 
“ 23-25. 
“ 17-19. 
“ 23-25. 
“ 17, 18. 
“ 22-24. 
“ 16-19. 
October 8 , 9. 
“ 7-9. 
“ 10 , 11 . 
21 , 22 . 
8 , 9. 
Steel fttite aitb films; 
< I was almost unfit for use, (this was before been ma ted. Last year she laid perhaps 12 
smut machines were introduced here,) though e SS s > and reared one brood of young birds—her 
their seed was pure. Of course this smutty otber uests having been destroyed. This year, 
wheat was used for seed, but I did not hear altboil g b working continually at a nest, she has 
them speak of smut in succeeding crops. 
Thus, I conclude that the season, the time of 
sowing, and the position of the ground, have 
more to do with the growth of smut than 
smutty seed. Is it not a fact that, in some sea¬ 
sons, there is a greater quantity of smut to be 
seen among the corn, oats and barley, than in 
not succeeded in laying one egg. 
Yours, truly, 
Hanover, N. H., August 13, 1856 . 
ABOUT BUTTER. 
SALT AND BUTTERMILK IN' EXCESS. 
.. _ Friend Moqre :—Since I went into the br¬ 
others, when almost universally seed of these ter business in this city, some facts have come 
eiains is entirely free from smut? under my observation which I have wished to 
I desire to read in the Rural the opinions of communicate to your multitude of readers in 
scientific men, and the experience of farmers the dairy districts. I will sum up what I have 
on this subject. N. J. Strong 
Tekonsha, Calhoun Co., Mich,, Aug., 1856. 
HENS-BREEDS AND MANAGEMENT-No. 2. 
Eds. Rural : In a former letter I gave you 
an account of how I came to have hens, and the 
varieties I have tried. I will now give you a 
few anecdotes of individuals, interesting, as 
showing up the hen character — and afterwards 
endeavor to state the conclusions to which I 
have arrived, from the six years’ experience, as 
to breeds and their best management. 
The best hens I have ever had were a cross 
between the pure blooded India, of which I 
spoke in my last, and the white cock, mixed 
white Shanghai and Dorking. They were 
large, with plumage of a mixed color of white 
to say, in a nut shell,—for I know your space is 
precious, and you like to have all your corres¬ 
pondents talk to the point. Briefly, then, to 
the facts. 
Three-fourths of all the butter that comes to 
this market is spoiled, either in the making or 
the packing. In most instances the buttermilk 
is not worked out of it, and the consequence is, 
either a cheesy or a frowy taste. It is very 
generally the case with “State Butter,” that so 
much salt is worked into it, that even a child 
would know that it is done in order to increase 
the weight. From 15 to 20 cents a pound is 
rather high for salt. Either of ihe two faults, 
if found in a package of butter, will injure the 
sale of it from four to five cents per pound. The 
buttermilk is generally left in it for the same 
reason that salt is put into it to excess, viz., to 
make it weigh more. But this fraud almost al¬ 
ways recoils upon the deceivers, and their but- 
A little more 
working over to expel the buttermilk, and a 
little less working under to cheat in the weight 
and fawn or brown, with yellow legs. The 
temperament of the hen prevailed in them_ 
they weie calm, quiet, domineering, but peace- I £er has a slow and poor sale 
able, j t is of a pullet of this cross of which I 
would speak, 
OUR PET hen “striped. ” by adding coarse salt, and the butter that sells 
It was one bitter cold morning in February, slowly at 18 cts. would go fast at 24 cts 
1854 that on goiag to t»y barn I found one of wh does Orange County butter command 
my favorite pullets, of the cross spoken of, lying 25 e / cent more ttan a olher „ msI , fonnd 
on the hay. On examination I found that she in this market ? Because it is well inilde and 
had lost the use of her legs. Having but two ,i i j AT , ., 
... ,• ... 5 , g uugivo neatly packed. No buttermilk is to be found 
of the kind and wishing very much to save her • .. . ,, , 
T if J , avener, in it, and no coarse-fine salt; hence it comes to 
I carried her into the house and placed her in a . , , , , 
, . ,, , , . J , er m us firm, compact and sweet, and does not soon 
a box in the warm kitchen. After becoming w * mi . 
,, , ,. ecoming b ecome strong. The same is the case with the 
warm, there seemed a reaction to take place u * uu-i j i v i. , , ,, , 
, , , ocj j,. . , f ce , best Philadelphia butter, and for that reason it 
and she became flushed and feverish. ^At the 
The Wheat Midge is now so prevalent in 
many sections of Western New York, that the 
early sowing of early and hardy varieties of 
wheat is important. But quality and produc¬ 
tiveness should be considered in selecting seed. 
The Mediterranean variety has been sown by 
many, in the belief that its long beard and 
early maturity would prevent the ravages of 
the midge. Gen. Harmon, however, avers that 
its beard is useless, and that early maturity is 
its only protection. He also thinks that, con¬ 
sidering the quality of the grain and the yield 
per acre, it will not be advisable to sow the 
Mediterranean if two-thirds of a crop can be 
obtained from the White Flint or Soule’s varie¬ 
ty-affirming that it is “for the interest of the 
farmers of Western New l T ork to furnish the 
millers with wheat which will make the best 
quality of flour made in any quarter of the 
globe , and that “ should they cease growing 
the choice varieties, the loss would be greater 
than that occasioned by the midge.” 
Mr. L. E. Smith, of Livonia, informs us 
that a variety of wheat known as the Golden 
Drop—introduced into his locality from Ohio 
is as early as the Mediterranean, and superior 
in quality. A piece sown by him on the 29th 
of Sept., ripened and V£s cut before a field of 
the Soule’s which was sowed three weeks 
earlier. It was mostly free from midge. One 
of his neighbors grew both the Soule’s and 
Golden Drop—the soil, culture, <fcc., being 
similar. While the former produced only 6 
bushels, the yield of the latter was 20 bushels 
pei acre. It the experience of others sustains 
this testimony, the Golden Drop is worthy the 
attention of those who wish to avoid the midge 
STATE EXHIBITIONS. 
Alabama, Montgomery,.Nov. 11,12,13,14. 
Am. Pom. Society, Rochester.Sept. 24—30. 
California, San Jose,. .Oct. 7, 8,9. 
Connecticut, New Haven.Oct. 7, 8 ,9,10. 
Erie, Buffalo.Sept. 25, 26. 
Georgia, Atlanta.Oct. 20, 21, 22, 23. 
Illinois, Alton.Sept. 30 & Oct. 1, 2,3. 
Indiana, Indianapolis.Oct. 20—25. 
Iowa, Muscatine.Oct. 8 , 9, 10. 
Kentucky, Paris..Sept 30 & Oct. 1, 2, 3,4. 
Maine, Waterville,.Oct. 28, 29, 30,31. 
Maryland, Baltimore, 1 !.Oct. 21, 22, 23 24. 
Michigan, Detroit.Sept. 30 & Oct. 1,2, 3. 
New Hampshire, Concord,.Oct. 8 , 9, 10. 
New York, Watertown.Sept. 30 & Oct. 1, 2, 3. 
New Jersey, Newark.Sept. 10, 11,12. 
National Ag. Show, Philadelphia.. .October 7. 
North Carolina, Raleigh,.Oct. 14, 15,16, 17. 
Ohio, Cleveland.Sept. 23, 24,25, 26. 
Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh.Sept. 30 to Oct. 4. 
South Carolina, Columbia .Nov. 11, 12, 13, 14. 
So. Virginia, Richmond.Oct. 28, 29,30,31 
Tennessee, Nashville._.Oct., 2d week. 
United States Ag. Society, Philadelphia .. .Oct. 7, 8 , 9, 10. 
Vermont, Burlington,.Sept. 9, 10 , 11 , 12. 
Virginia, Wheeling Island,.Sept. 17, 18, 19. 
Wisconsin, Milwaukee.Oct. 8 , 9, 10. 
Canada East, Three Rivers,.Sept. 16, 17, 18. 
Canada West, Kingston,.Sept. 23, 24, 25, 26. 
end of a fortnight she was perfectly well, with 
the single exception that she did^not recover 
the use of her legs. 
While we were debating the question of her 
death, and hoping still that she might recover, 
she began to lay. At first we simply removed 
the eggs and waited for some change. At 
about the middle of March she seemed so bright 
and laid so continuously, that I fitted up a per¬ 
manent bed for her in a box, and we decided to 
keep her through the laying season. ’’From this 
commands, at this time, from 35c. to 40c. per lb, 
| at which latter price I have sometimes sold it 
[ I wish, with all my heart, that the Rural New 
Yorker would urge this subject home* upon 
both to the consciences and the good sense of 
the butter-makers in this State, as well as in 
Michigan and Ohio. Yours truly. 
New York, Aug. 29, 1856. A. L. Stimsox. 
THE BUFFALO AS A CROSS. 
Eds. Rural:—I wish, through the medium 
time until in August, she laid, by count, 150 of your valuable paper, to call the attention of 
e SS s ' She would sometimes lay six "days in stock breeders to crossing the Buffalo of the 
succession, omitting the seventh. I think she Western Prairies with some of our domestic 
never laid less than three in successive days. black cattle. It must be conceded that the 
During this time she became very intelligent Buffalo is rapidly disappearing before the 
and skillful in expressing her wants. ^She_had march of population and civilization, and will 
her signals for various kinds of attention she soon be unknown over those vast regions where 
wanted. She had her call for food and water— it was but recently so numerous. The present 
her call for some one to put her out of^doors ; advanced prices of buffalo robes is an evidence 
for her greatest abomination was to be obliged of their rapid decrease. These robes are in 
to foul her nest. She ! trained herself to the such general use, and add so much to our out- 
habit of sitting hensdn this particular, and door comforts in winter weather, that it be- 
wished to go out only once or twice a"day. If comes important for us to find a substitute for 
unattended,to, after continued calling, she would them when our western supply shall fail. The 
fly from her box. She had also her little^fancies native wildness of the Buffalo is a serious ob- 
’ i 
about the privacy of a nest for laying ; and in¬ 
sisted that her box should be put into an ad¬ 
joining dark closet during this*operation. 
She won so much upon the various members 
stacle in the way of its domestication, but this 
might be overcome by long continued and per¬ 
severing effort. 
Could we retain all the present good quali- 
of the family, that when she ceased laying it ties of our domestic cattle, or even nearly so, 
was decided to keep her through the winter if and at the same time add that of the buffalo 
she would live. She went through the winter robe, it would certainly be very desirable in 
bravely and in perfect health. In March she many respects. This, I think, may be done by 
commenced laying, and continued so to u do until proper crossing. There is a kind of black cat- 
some time in August as before. She did not 
lay as frequently, but didlay larger eggs. The 
number laid this season was just eleven dozen. 
She moulted finely and has passed ^another 
winter in the house, in her box.'- The past 
spring she has seemed not as well, and has laid 
few eggs. '.Yet, as during the past year, she has 
tie with long glossy hair, the hides of which, 
when tanned without removing the hair, are 
now occasionally seen in use as robes. I would 
cross these cattle with the Buffalo, and continue 
to cross with proper selections of the progeny 
among each other, or this progeny with either | 
the black cattle or Buffalo, as might be indica 
“ Will High Prices Continue ?”—Under this 
heading the last number of the Prairie Farmer 
proceeds to argue and figure in the affirmative. 
To sustain the position assumed our contempo¬ 
rary gives the * fate of increase of population! 
and production of the principal crops from 1840 
to 1850—showing that the increase of the latter 
should have been much greater than it was, in 
order to correspond with the former. The in 
crease of population during the period named 
was 36 per cent.—while the increase of wheat 
and oats were only 20 per cent, each, and rye 
decreased nearly four and a half millions of bush¬ 
els. Indian corn increased 57 per cent., how¬ 
ever, or 21 per cent, over the rate of increase of 
population — while the increase of hay has 
kept pace with population. The ratio of in¬ 
crease of animals is also cited as far below that 
of population. For the period named, while 
the population as above stated increased 36 per 
cent., the ratio of increase of cattle was only 
24 per cent., of sheep 13 per cent., and of swine 
15 per cent. These and other figures and rea¬ 
sonings lead our contemporary to the conclu¬ 
sion that present high prices must continue. 
We think, however, that if the figures could be 
brought down to 1856, and the present condi¬ 
tion and production of foreign countries were 
duly considered, the Farmer would hardly ven¬ 
ture, as it now does, to « hazard the prediction 
that prices will go up, rather than down, altho’ 
under the influence of monetary causes they 
may fall below the present standard, but not to 
remain long down.” 
— Though able, our contemporary’s article is 
not convincing to our mind, and we still adhere 
to the opinion expressed in a recent number of 
this journal relative to the Wheat Crop and the 
probable price of that important staple. 
COUNTY FAIRS IN NEW YORK. 
Albany, Albany.Sept. 23, 24, 25. 
Allegany, Angelica.Sept. 30, Oct. 1. 
Cattaraugus, Little Valley,.Sept. 17,18, 19. 
Cayuga, Auburn.Sept. 17, 18,19. 
Columbia, Chatham.Sept. 24, 25, 26. 
Cortland, Homer.Sept. 23, 24, 25. 
Chautauque, Westtield ... .Sept. 10, 11 . 
Delaware, Walton.Sept. 24, 25. 
Essex, Elizabethtown.Sept. 18, 19. 
Franklin, Malone.Sept. 24, 25, 26. 
Herkimer, Ilion...Sept. 
Jefferson, Watertown.Sept. 17, 18. 
Madison, Munnsville.Sept. 8 , 9 ,10. 
Monroe, Rochester.Sept. 24, 25, 26. 
Oneida, Rome.Sept. 23, 24, 25. 
Onondaga, Syracuse,.Sept. 10, 11,12. 
Ontario, Canandaigua.Sept. 24, 25, 26. 
Orleans, Albion,.Sept. 25, 26. 
Oswego, Mexico.Sept. 17,18. 
Putnam, Lake Mahopac.Sept. 16,17. 
Queens, Hempstead.Sept. 25. 
Rensselaer, Lansingburg.Sept. 16,17 18. 
Rockland, New City.Oct. 8 , 9. 
Schuyler, Watkins ... Oct. 8, 9 . 
Seneca, Waterloo,.....Oct. 8 , 9, 10. 
Steuben, Bath.Oct. 8 , 9. 
St. Lawrence, Canton,.Sept. 17,18,19. 
Tioga, Owego,.Sept. 24, 25. 
Wayne, Lyons,.Sept. 23, 24, 25. 
Washington, Union Village.Sept. 17, 18. 
Lasalle, Ottowa 
Stark, Toulon. 
McLean, Bloomington.. 
Union, Jonesboro’. 
Tazweli, Tremont. 
Sangamon, Springfield.. 
Kendall, Plano. 
Kane, Genera. 
Mason, Havana. 
Winnebago, Rockford... 
St. Clair, Belleville. 
Crawford, Robinson. 
Morgan, Jacksonville... 
Rock Island,-.. 
Buel Institute, Peru_ 
Lawrence, Lawrenceville. “ 
Ogle, Byron. « 
Marshall, Lacon ... . « 
COUNTY FAIRS IN WISCONSIN. 
Dane, Madison.October 2, 3. 
Columbia, Wyocena. “ 12 
Dodge, Horicon. « f 2 
Walwortb, Elkhorn. Sept. 10 11. 
Racine, Union Grove. «. 24 25 
Winnebago, Oshkosh. « 21—26. 
Waukesha, Oconomowoc. <• 18 
COUNTY FAIRS IN IOWA. 
Jefferson, Fairfield.October 1,2. 
Washington, Washington. « j 2. 
Lee, West Point. u f 2 3- 
Van Buren, Keosauqua__ « _ \ 
Henry, Mt. Pleasant. September 26-30. 
COUNTY FAIRS IN KENTUCKY, 
Clarke, Winchester.August 29, 30. 
Ken. Ag. and Mech., Lexington.September 9-12. 
Harrison, Cynthiana. << 16—19" 
Mason & Bracken, Germantown. « 23—26' 
Kenton, Independence... « 23—26 
Logan, Russellville.October 1, 2,3. ' 
Union A. & M. As., Eminence_ « 7—10 
North Kentucky, Florence. « 7—11 
Washington, Springfield. « 
Warren, Bowling Green_ « 
Southwestern do., Louisville. << 
Central Kentucky, Danville. « 
Nelson, Bardstown__ . « 
COUNTY FAIRS IN MISSOURI 
St. Louis Ag. and Mech. As., St. Louis.... October 13—18 
7- 10. 
8- 10. 
14-18. 
16-19. 
21-24. 
Southwestern Ag. Society, Springfield_ 
Central Mo. Dis. Ag. Society, Boonville.. “ 
Northwestern District, St. Joseph. << 
Southeastern Ag. Society, Jackson. « 
Jackson Co. Association, Independence... (( 
Ray Co. Ag. Society, Richmond...;. Sept. 
Callaway, do do-... « 
Boone, do do 
Cass, do do 
1 . 
6 - 10 . 
21-24. 
16-18. 
7-11. 
23- 26. 
23-26. 
..Sept. 30—Oct. 1 
Pleasant Hill. Sept. 23-26. 
Pettis Co. Ag. Mech. Soc., Georgetown... Sept. 30—Oct. 1. 
COUNTY FAIRS IN 
OHIO, 
Ohio and Ph. Horse, Salem. 
.Septembers, 4, 5 
Hamilton, Carthage. 
if 
9-12. 
Brown, Georgetown_ ... 
(( 
9-12. 
Trumbull, Warren. 
u 
9-11. 
Geauga, Burton. 
10-12. 
Conneaut, Conneaut. 
K 
12. 
Medina. Medina.. 
a 
15-17. 
Meigs, Pomeroy. 
u 
16, 17. 
Clermont, Olive Branch. 
M 
16-19. 
Ashtabula, Jefferson,. 
u 
17, 18. 
Geauga, (Independent,) Claridon.... 
M 
17-19. 
Portage, Ravenna . 
17, 18. 
Madison, London. 
a 
17-19. 
Franklin, Columbus. 
17-19. 
Butler, Hamilton. 
« 
17—19. 
Union Ag. Fair, Huntington. 
« 
18,19. 
Knox, Mt. Vernon. 
a 
18, 19. 
Lorain, (Independent.) Elyria_... 
a 
18, 19. 
Lawrence, Ironton. 
a 
18, 19. 
Hardin, Kenton_ 
Monroe, Woodsfield. 
23-25. 
26, 27. 
Putnam, Kalida.October 1, 2, 
Seven Headed Wheat. — We have been 
shown by Mr. McCollough, of this place, a few 
sample heads of the seven headed wheat, which 
we think a little ahead of any of the cereals 
yet exhibited. They are from tbe farm of Mr. 
H. Hudson, on Santa Rosa creek, who has a 
four acre patch of this variety, which he confi¬ 
dently expects will yield him from seventy to 
eighty bushels per acre.— Petaluma (Califor¬ 
nia ) Journal. 
The Advertisements in this paper comprise 
number of new and timely announcements— 
including several items of special interest to 
farmers, horticulturists and stock growers. 
Ashland, Ashland. 
Miami, Troy... 
Highland, Hillsboro.... 
Hocking, LogaD. 
Jefferson, Steubenville.. 
Huron, Olena._ 
Erie, Huron... 
Darke, Greenville... 
Muskingum, Zanesville. 
Delaware, Delaware. 
Lake, Painesville. 
Richland, Mansfield. 
Morgan, McConnellsville. 
Greene, Xenia.... 
Belmont, St. Clairville. 
Sandusky, Fremont.... 
Clark, Springfield. 
Stark, Massillon. 
Holmes, Millersburg. 
Williams, BryaD... 
Wayne, Wooster... 
Cuyahoga, Cleveland.. 
Montgomery, Dayton_ 
Warren, Lebanon___ 
Mahoning, Canfield____ 
Licking, Newark___ 
Ottawa, Port Clinton. 
Preble, Eaton. 
Harrison, Cadiz___ 
Summit, Akron.. 
Champaign, Uibana_ 
Hancock, Finley... 
Ross, Chillicothe... 
Morrow, Mt. Gilead-- 
Lorain, Elyria. 
Guernsey, Washington. 
Washington, Marietta___ 
Columbiana, New Lisbon-.- 
Clinton, Wilmington. 
Logan, Bellefontaiue. 
Pickaway, Circleville.—- 
Adams, West Union.. 
Crawford, Bucyrus.... 
Union,Marysville... __ 
Coshocton, Coshocton_ 
Noble, Sarahsville. 
Tuscarawas___ 
Seneca, Tiffin. 
Carroll, Carrollton. 
1 , 2 . 
1 , 2 . 
2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2 , 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
1, 2, 3. 
2, 3. 
7, 8 . 
6 , 7, 8 . 
7, 8 , 9. 
7, 8 , 9. 
7, 8 , 9. 
7, 8 , 9. 
8 , 9. 
8 , 9. 
8 , 9,10. 
8 , 9,10. 
8 , 9, 10. 
8,9, 10. 
9, 10. 
9, 10. 
9-11. 
7— 9. 
9, 10. 
8 - 10 . 
9-11. 
10 , 11 . 
14- 16. 
15- 17. 
15- 17. 
16, 17. 
16, 17. 
16- 18. 
16—18. 
16-18. 
22-24. 
28-29. 
Wash, and Orange Ag. Soc., Livonia.October 1—3. 
COUNTY FAIRS IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
Essex, Newburyport.October 1 , 2. 
Middlesex, Concord.September 30. 
Middlesex North, Chelmsford. « 77 
Middlesex South, Framingham. a 77 
Worcester, Worcester. << 24—^ 
Worcester West, Barre. « yg 
WorcesterNorth, Fitchburg. « yg # 
Worcester South, Sturbridge.October 1 2 . 
Hampshire, Frank. & Hamp., Northampton, “ 7,’ 8 . 
Hampshire, Amherst.. 
Hampden, Springfield 
Franklin, Greenfield... 
Berkshire, Pittsfield... 
Bristol, Fall River.... 
Barnstable, Barnstable 
Housatonic, Great Barrington.September 24, 25. 
Plymouth, Bridgewater. <1 24 ' 25 
Norfolk, Dedham. Sept 30) 0ct< ’ j ' 
COUNTY FAIRS IN CONNECTICUT. 
Hartford, Hartford. Sept 3() ' to 0ct3 _ 
New Haven,.. 
New London, Norwich.September 24, 25. 
Fairfield, Norwalk. « 23-26 
Windham, Brooklyn. a yg 2 g" 
Litchfield, Litchfield. u iqL .25 
Middlesex, Middletown.October 1 2 3 
COUNTY FAIRS IN MAINE. 
Androscoggin, Lewiston.October 7-9 
9, 10. 
1, 2, 3. 
1 , 2 . 
1, 2, 3. 
1 , 2 . 
7, 8 . 
8 , 9. 
1-3. 
21-24. 
1 , 2 . 
15-17. 
1 , 2 . 
Kennebec, 
Lincoln, Thomaston. 
Maine Pomological, Portland. 
North Kennebec, Waterville.. 
South Kennebec, Gardiner_ 
York, Saco. 
Washington, Pembroke.September 30. 
COUNTY FAIRS IN NEW JERSEY. 
Camden and Gloucester., Haddonfield.. September 16. 
Mercer, Hightstown. « yy y 3 
Hunterdon, Flemington__ u 17—19 
Salem, Salem. it yg 
Monmouth, Freehold. « 24 25 
Burlington, Mount Holly.Sept. 30, Oct! 1. 
Cumberland, Bridgeton. October 1. 
Somerset, Somerville. .. « j 2 . 
Solidified Milk.— Some of our shrewd read¬ 
ers may profit from the following account of the 
process of solidifying milk. It is communica¬ 
ted in a letter from Dutchess county to the Buf¬ 
falo Courier : 
“ There is in this county an establishment for 
the solidification of milk, so that it will keep in 
order for months, perhaps for years. The man¬ 
ufacturing, which is done on the farm occupied 
by the Hon. James Hammond, is under the su¬ 
perintendence of Dr. Isaac Smith. The process 
is as follows :—The milkers, as they empty their 
pails, strain the milk into a large tub into which 
is already placed the requisite amount of the 
very best sugar. This is readily dissolved by 
the milk, which as soon as the milking is done, 
is introduced into large shallow pans. Under¬ 
neath these pans steam is introduced, and the 
watery part of the milk is, by means of the 
heat, generated by this steam, aided by an ar¬ 
tificial current of air made to pass along its 
surface, rapidly evaporated. In this way is 
produced, at the end of three or four hours, a 
powder, of nearly a cream color, which when 
perfectly dry, is packed into cans for sale or fu¬ 
ture use. It will be readily seen that this arti¬ 
cle cannot fail of being of great utility and 
value, as for all purposes where milk and sugar 
are both used, it fully equals the manufactured 
article, and as it will keep in good condition a 
great length of time, it may be used when it 
would be impossible to obtain milk in any 
other form. I believe that Messrs. O’Reiley <fc 
Co., who are the proprietors, find a ready sale 
and at very remunerative prices, for this man¬ 
ufactured milk.” 
Periodical applications of ashes tend to keep 
up the fertility of soils, by supplying most, if 
not all, of the organic substances. 
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