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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS i 
H. T. BROOKS, Proe. C. DEWEY, 
T. C. PETERS, L. B. LANGWORTIIY, 
II. C. WHITE. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purify and 
Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor to make it 
a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Subjects connected 
with the business of those whose interests it advocates. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Mechan¬ 
ical, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with many appro¬ 
priate and beautiful Engravings, than any other paperpublished 
In this Country,—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper. 
13'“ All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms, and other particulars, see last page. 
As the annual gatherings of the agriculturists 
are now in operation, and farmers are, by their 
agency, brought in contact, presenting the best 
opportunity afforded for comparing notes and 
consulting tastes, would it not be advisa¬ 
ble for them in each town, of every county, 
to form an Agricultural Club, for the purpose 
of holding meetings weekly, semi-monthly or 
monthly, as may be deemed best, during the 
comparatively inactive portion of the year now 
about setting in, and discuss matters or relate 
experiences pertaining to their vocation? These 
meetings may be of much benefit for the fol¬ 
lowing reasons: 
First, They will provide an opportunity, not 
otherwise attainable, for a mutual relation of 
modes of procedure in the culture of any and 
all crops, with variety of manures used, cost of 
cultivation, successes, difficulties, <fcc. 
Second, Discussions, lectures, or any means, 
thought proper to aid in a general circulation 
of knowledge among its members on subjects 
embraced in the farmer’s calling, could be bro’t 
to bear more effectually on the masses. 
Third, Combinations cau be formed for the 
procurement of seeds, scions, plants, shrubs, <fcc., 
of new kinds, and by a general dissemination 
of these, a more accurate knowledge of their 
nature, wants and value can be obtained, thus 
giving, in a single season, information that it 
would otherwise require years to furnish. 
Fourth, A series of experiments may be in¬ 
stituted testing the relative value of certain 
manures applied to specified crops in a specific 
manner; a defined course of culture to be laid 
down as a guide in the production of a particu¬ 
lar article ; the influence of insects, pernicious 
or otherwise, their habits of life and manner of 
propagation; in fine, all the fninutim of the farm 
could be given out to be acted upon by persons 
chosen, and the details of such experiments be 
read at re-unions the ensuing season. 
Fifth, It would awaken a spirit of investiga- 
R °T£H, Lj£; 
SHORTHORN BULL “ROYAL DUKE. 
Pedigree. 
Red, bred by J. Thorne, <’ 
property of James B. Clay, Esq., Ashland, Ky., I T ’ ’' - - 
calved Oct. 29th, 1854, got by Grand Duke, 545, ‘ Fergus (3782,) 
the j (10284,) out of Frederica, by Upstart (9760,) 
/■> I Feathers, by Duke of Cornwall (5947)—Lil, 1 
_ !" .)— Purity, by Dandy (1902,) 
Resplendent, by Blythe (797,)—by Midas (435,) 
—by Boughton (90,)—by Windsor (698,)—by 
Mr. R. Colling’s Son of Favorite. 
Kossuth on his own head? Their works do 
follow them and the benedictions of good 
neighbors m his efforts at the improvement of 
stock, but things are changing fast, and his 
celebrity as a breeder is now attracting atten¬ 
tion and receiving an appropriate reward. Mr. 
Munko, a wealthy farmer, is a neighbor of Mr. 
Marks, as also is Mr. Geddes, widely and fa¬ 
vorably known as a friend and promoter of 
agricultural improvement. Willis Gaylord, 
the model essayist, who died universally loved 
and lamented, lived in this neighborhood, and 
while he doubtless instructed these gentlemen 
in some things, was in turn greatly benefited 
by their sound judgment and wide experience. 
Whoever takes the lead in improvements de- 
the amount of fencing required would be some¬ 
what more than one-half that required for a 
two hundred acre farm divided into twenty 
acre lots. Twenty dollars, perhaps, would be a 
fair estimate of the yearly cost of fencing ma¬ 
terials for the farm of 100 acres, to which may 
be added five dollars more for labor—making 
in all $25 as the amount expended each year; 
or, twenty-five cents per acre per annum. It 
must be a poor farm indeed that cannot sustain 
this trifling outlay. As regards expense or 
economy then, I would ask, what system of 
management could be adopted in which fences 
could be dispensed with without a loss or out¬ 
lay in some other channel amounting to more 
than twenty-five cents per acre for the whole 
farm ? 1 hose of us who are accustomed to 
count costs will require substantial and conclu¬ 
sive proof of the existence of a better system, 
before being willing to pull up stakes and for¬ 
sake the old one. Although the aggregate cost 
of all the fences in the United States may ap¬ 
pear enormously large, yet I apprehend that 
few of us are in danger of being crushed be¬ 
neath the burden we have to bear individually. 
2. Waste of Timber. —There may be a time 
in the far distant future when cause for alarm 
shall exist in consequence of the scarcity of 
timber, though we may reasonably doubt 
whether serious inconvenience will ever be ex¬ 
perienced from this source. At any rate, the 
denizens of the nineteenth century have no 
reason to fear that they or theii immediate de¬ 
scendants are to be deprived of the comforts 
and conveniences of fuel, building materials, or 
fences; and while thousands—I might almost 
say millions—of acres of forests are waving in 
the breeze and beckoning to the sturdy pioneer, 
we have no occasion to say, “ woodman, spare 
that tree.” Although within four miles of my 
residence are a populous city whose age is three 
score and ten, a large navigable river whose 
surface is dotted with steamboats, and two rail¬ 
roads, all famous consumers of fuel, yet the 
market price of wood in this vicinity is consid¬ 
erably less of late years than it was twenty 
years ago. I therefore take issue with W. T. 
S. on the assertion he makes that “ the materials 
generally used for fence building will at the 
present consumption soon fail, or be, by their 
costliness, beyond the means of the generality 
of farmers.” And suppose a scarcity of timber 
should ensue, (a case which is hardly supposi- 
ble,) I have sufficient faith in the inventive 
genius of the Yankee race to believe that there 
would be drawn forth from the great reservoir 
of Nature other materials and other resources 
which would be made available for all those 
purposes to which wood and timber are now 
applied, and at a cost no greater than that of the 
material now in use. For does not mother earth 
conceal within her bosom, and deliver to our 
men. 
Most men are satisfied to do about as their 
neighbors do, even though their neighbors do 
abominably. The average is orthodox always. 
When, therefore, an individual helps to raise 
the standard higher by first climbing a little 
himself, and then encouraging the ambitious 
and adventurous to follow him one by one, till 
finally the masses have all advanced a step, a 
great public good is achieved. 
These thoughts rushed into my mind as I 
walked into the comfortable mansion of Mr. 
Marks, and from thence over his well ordered 
farm. It has been thought that Washington’s 
example was not as beneficial as it might have 
been, on account of the transccjidant excellence 
of his character. People, as a jockey would 
say, were distanced on the start, and thought it 
of no use to attempt to imitate his virtues. Not 
so with Marks ; some stone wall not yet com¬ 
pleted, some ditches undug, some improvements 
not finished, prove him to be a farmer and a 
man! I recollect that I looked particularly 
grave, as though I thought he was without ex¬ 
cuse, when he apologized for some heaps of 
rubbish in the back yard,—but I was careful 
not to “let on” that more frightful ones were 
about my own premises. There are two things 
that take time—getting a farm into good order, 
and getting honest men into office. 
Mr. Marks has given much attention to the 
improvement of stock. His Suffolk Pigs and 
Leicester Sheep are of rare excellence, while 
his herd of Short-horns are destined to be un¬ 
rivalled. Besides several superior animals of 
unquestionable blood, he has recently bought a 
model bull. “ Echo of Oxford,” of Mr. Becar ; 
got by Romeo Imported (13619, E. H. B.,) dam 
Oxford 13 (bred by the late Thomas Bates, of 
Kirkleavington, Eng.) by 3d Duke of York 
(10166,) Grand Dam Oxford 5 by Duke of 
Northumberland (1940.) Where is Mr. Page ? 
Let us have his picture and pedigree. Echo of 
Oxford won two prizes at the National Show, 
1855, and his dam took the first prize at the N. 
\. State Fair, 1853, while Romeo took the first 
prize at American Institute, 1S53. 
Mr. Marks has quite recently purchased two 
cows of Mr. B. Thorne, of Dutchess Co., both 
in calf by 2d Grand Duke, (who cost $5,000 in i 
England,) a bull thought to be unrivalled in 
this country, and in the opinion of the Editor 
of the English Herd Book he left no equal in 
England. Mr. Marks has also purchased of 
Messrs. Hungerford & Brodie their celebrated 
cows. Empress, Josephine and Flourish, and a 
heifer calf got by St. Nicholas out of Lady 
Newham by the world-renowned Bellville 
(6778.) 
For several years Mr. Marks received very 
little sympathy and encouragement from his 
Commtuttraiioits 
OUGHT FENCES TO BE AEOLISHED ? 
This question seems likely to become as 
much mooted in Agricultural journals as the 
question “ ought capital punishment to be abol¬ 
ished ?” is in village debating societies ; and it 
will probably be a long time before public 
opinion will decide either of them in the neg¬ 
ative. 1 desire to offer a few remarks in reply 
to an article in the Rural of August 16th, by 
W. T. S., on the subject of “ Farm Fencing.”— 
I classify his objections to fences as follows :— 
First, the cost; second, waste of timber; third, 
ground occupied, and encouragement to growth 
of weeds ; fourth, unsightliness. 
1. Cost. —The first cost of fencing a large 
farm in the ordinary manner is an item of some 
consequence ; yet we are to consider that most 
of us buy our farms ready fenced, the first 
fences having been made when the land was 
unimproved and more wood growing upon it 
than the owner knew how to dispose of. Then 
comes the question as to the cost of yearly re¬ 
pairs. In managing a farm of 200 acres—fields 
averaging about 20 acres, and fences mostly rail 
—I have found that about two hundred rails, 
and perhaps twice as many stakes, were need¬ 
ed every year to keep the fences in good repair. 
Most of the farms in this country have sufficient 
fencing material growing upon them, and those 
farmers who have to purchase the material can 
get rails for six or seven dollars, and stakes for 
three or four dollars per hundted. Taking this 
estimate, we have for the annual cost of keep¬ 
ing the fences in repair on a farm of 200 acres 
(requiring 200 rails and 400 stakes each year,) 
from $24 to $30. I should estimate the cost of 
makiug and keeping in repair a fence of hem¬ 
lock boards at about the same as a rail fence. 
Let us suppose a farm to contain 100 acres, and 
to be divided into ten acre lots. In this case, 
FARM IMPROVEMENTS, 
Capital, taste, judgment, energy, persever¬ 
ance, and all the other graces and virtues, 
should be applied to farming. I was particu¬ 
larly impressed with this idea on a visit which 
I made to a prominent farmer of this State 
(New York) during the present season. A 
man of no ordinary capacity, he was neverthe¬ 
less content to devote himself unreservedly to 
farming as his “profession.” It will well re¬ 
pay any man whose habits are not incurable to 
call upon this gentleman—though I staid with 
him but a day or two, I almost feel sufficiently 
at home in his family to invite people to do so I I 
refer to Mr. Enoch Marks, of Camillus, Onon¬ 
daga Co. Commencing with moderate means, 
he has secured what ought to be deemed suffi¬ 
cient, a competence, and is employing his re¬ 
sources in a way to do good. 
M hoever sets a good example is an edifying 
preacher. In farming we want good examples. 
Who can say how much the country is indebted 
transformed by the good sense and liberality of 
Mr. Wm. Garbutt, Col. Sherwood, Lewis F 
Allen, E. F. Beck of Wyoming Co., Mr. Vail, 
Mr. Rotch, and our other early breeders. 
Does anybody know who first- put a decent 
cornice on his horse barn, and painted it a sort 
of slate color, verging towards cream ? I hope 
he isn’t dead, but if he is put me down a dollar 
towards his monument. Who brought in straw¬ 
berries, and drove out Canada thistles ? Who 
first wore a sack coat, and left the buttons off 
behind ? Who put his high top beaver on a 
pole to scare crows, and placed a christia n 
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