.... . ..>«.<■>. ..... ... >v->, ........ m.,..^ 
» ft » MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. SEPT. 20. 
COLT MANAGEMENT. 
♦ • * and having an assistant to walk behind while 
(l 0 \\\ \\\ U )l 11 a 11 0 It 8 ♦ you are driving him, pulling upon the traces 
_ . gently at first, and afterwards more firmly. 
-- ~ When he has learned to pull or draw, and can 
COLT MANAGEMENT. ^ ^ by ^ 
reins, then watch the 
« Train up a colt in the way he should go, and opportunity of sleighing when the road is not 
when he is old he will not depart from it”—is a slippery, and put the colt in harness with a gen- 
maxim containing as much truth as its divinely tie old horse, before a light lumber sleigh. If 
inspired prototype. As habits acquired in early the foregoing directions have been well observ- 
life cling to the character and identify them- ed, the colt will not make a bad or awkward 
selves with the nature of individuals, so in the move before the sleigh, but will travel off like 
training of domestic animals, habits and traits a horse long accustomed to the harness. After 
may be so engraven on their disposition while a few lessons before a double sleigh, he should 
young as to remain indelibly fixed through life, be put before a single one and driven short dis¬ 
saving had some experience in colt manage- tanpes almost every day, being always careful 
ment and given some reflection to the subject, not to have so heavy a load as to make him stop. 
I will offer a few suggestions for the considera- An important point to be gained, is to have the 
tion of those engaged in the rearing of horses. horse always believe that he can draw what is 
is a natural difference of disposi- bebind bira - If be S ets sefc once or twice with 
That the e . f , a i oa d during the period of training, it will be 
tion and tempeiamen in. aal hereditary a P fc to make him baulky, or should he be driven 
causes^ and moreote' >3 in domestic than in " itb a b »“ lk 3 r b »“ certa “ *° *“l" ire 
■wild animals—all most admit; yet I do not be- »>*« hablt - . In fact * 10 oc,lt " 11 bc llkc j[ 
lieve that any colt ha, so strong a natural pro- to fall into any vice belonging to the horse with 
cliritv to any vice as to place the correction of ''hid, he is dr.Ten, for force of example is no 
the evil propensity beyond Ibe reach of human less contagious with colt, than with children t* 
skill My view is, that although a colt may in- Care is again necessary in learning the colt to 
Lit a vicious disposition from its progenitors, b » k - This is best done before a wagon (sing e 
(in a manner, perhaps, similar to the transmis- «r double) by backing at first down a gentle 
sion of « original sin" in our own species,) yet elope or descent, and afterwards on hard level 
the development of the vice may be countorac- Unless particu ar pains be taken to 
_ , , , a „ mfinnt -ind in learn him this art he will become stubborn and 
ted and prevented by careful, patient, and ju- 
dicious management. I will endeavor to show and always refuse to back; but with 
, proper management in the beginning there will 
... , ,s i ( be little difficulty experienced. 
Make it a rule to always observe the law of J x 
kindness. Try to make a pet of your colt in % proceeding thus systematically the break- 
the earliest period of his colthood. Never strike i”g of young horses will be a source of pleasure 
him nor frighten him in any way. When about instead of the vexatious, anger-provoking, and 
a month old, learn him to eat fine salt from the dangerous business which it frequently is under 
hand • by doinff this daily you will soon gain lbe barsb aild forcible s y stem most commonly 
his confidence-lie will become so familiar as to practiced. The rule should be to make the 
allow of being patted and rubbed. When about trainin S persuasive and progressive rather than 
three months old he should he trained to the coercive and impulsive. The importance,^of 
halter • this should be done carefully and de- particular care in the breaking of colts will be 
liberated The halter should be a strong one manifest when we consider hew large a propor- 
and well fitted to the head, because should he tion of horses are rendered almost valueless by 
break it or slip it once in the early period of his ™es resulting wholly from defective training, 
education, he would make frequent attempts to Tbe s J stem 1 bave recommended is one which 
do the same again, and should he succeed a few 1 bavejsuccessfully tested. I have a colt which 
times a habit of pulling, one of the worst habits was three Y ears old last spring, and which I 
a horse can have, would be acquired. The havc managed (in breaking) in exact accor- 
lialtei-breaking should never be entrusted to da »<* with the foregoing directions. He is as 
boys, or to a passionate or careless man. When gentle and true in harness, and will draw as 
the colt first discovers the restraint he will strug- much in proportion to his strength as any old 
gle resolutely and perhaps long to overcome it. torse. The only error in his early education 
The halter should be firmly held in the hand, allowing him to learn the art of vaulting 
and his movements so governed as not to allow d mdng the period of his weaning, an art in 
him to fall or injure himself. When he yields whlch be has become sucb an ade l 5t as to bave 
he should be led about and finally tied to a post fuw superiors. 
and watched for a while. After repeating this Much m0 re might be said on the subject of 
process for a few days in succession, always re- “ colt management,” but I will forbear at pre- 
and watched for a while. After repeating this Much more might be said on the subject of 
process for a few days in succession, always re- “ colt management,” but I will forbear at pre- 
meinhering to treat him with gentleness, and sent; fearing that I may encroach too far on the 
never striking a blow, he will become quite precincts of Rural literature. 
, -j Greenport, Columbia Co., N. Y. J. McKinstry. 
tl 3iCi'3i01G» 
J. McKinstry. 
In the autumn he should be separated from 
tbe dam and weaned. Here, again, care is nec¬ 
essary that he may not acquire a habit of leap- 
SMUT IN WHEAT, COHN, OATS, &c. 
Mr. Editor: —As Mr. N. J. Strong, in your 
ing fences; for his eagerness to get to his elate of Sept. 6tli, “ desires to read in the Rural 
mother, especially if within whinnying dis- tj ie opinions of scientific men, and the experience 
tance, will be so great as to lead him to jump of farmers on the subject of smut in wheat,” I 
from his enclosure unless the fence is a very high w ill refer him to the 3d and 4th Nos. of the 
one ; and after leaping a fence once he will he ]qth y 0 p 0 f the “Genesee Farmer" —(March and 
certain to make the attempt again. I have no April, 1850, by.I. H. H.—’Hiel,) wherein he will 
doubt that nearly all our unruly horses acquired gee that a practical farmer has given his “opin- 
the habit, or rather learned the art of fence- i 0D) ” as well as the facts of the case, in regard 
leaping during the period of weaning. But if to the “ Smut in Wheat, and the cause of it.” 
the colt is foiled in his early and often desperate ^nd, if he feels much interest in the matter, I 
attempts, he will acquire a respect for fences would also refer him to the May and September 
which he will be likely to retain through life ; ^os. 0 f the Farmer (1850,) wherein the subject 
although any horse maybe taught [the art of j s discussed by some “scientific" gentlemen 
vaulting by being put in a field having a poor w ho opposed my views in regard to the cause 
f ence —the temptation to evil being the same in 0 f smu t. Twenty-five years of continued ob- 
tbis instance to tbe horses, as that of the “open servation and experiment, have confirmed me 
door” to the saint. in my “ opinion” of the cause of smut in wheat; 
During the winter the colt should be kept in and fifty years of “ practical farming" has made 
a warm, clean, and well ventilated stable and me conceited enough to believe that I know 
well provided with litter; care being taken something about that business—although I do 
from the time of his weaning to prevent his not profess to any very great degree of “science]" 
getting with the dam, as he will ; be likely to so called, or rather mis-called, for I suppose that 
renew the attempt at sucking,even after an ab- “scientific knowledge" means true , or correct 
sence of several months. He should be well knowledge, and not hypothesis, nor theory. 
furnished with good hay, and should he show if Mr. S. has been observant, only in a mod- 
an y symptoms of weakness or loss of flesh, e rate degree, he will know that insects, gener- 
should have a small mess (say a pint or quart) ally, if not universally, have particular periods in 
of oats each day. Never tease or irritate him, which they come to maturity, and deposit their 
unless you wish to spoil Ins disposition. If n j.ts, or eggs, for reproduction ; and that those 
kept stabled through the winter and; led out periods of deposit are only of some few days 
daily to drink, his halter-education will be com- (probably from 8 to 12,) duration. Hence, I 
plete by spring. The ensuing winter his treat- suppose but few insects, or “bugs,” were ready 
ment should be the same, alwaysAreeping him to deposit their nits in his first sown wheat. His 
gentle and tame by patting, carding, and feed- second sown wheat, no doubt, “ headed out” 
ing salt, apples, <&c., from the hand. just in time for the insect; and by the time 
The third winter of his existence should be that the last sown wheat came out in head, the 
the commencement of a new era in his educa- time for the deposit, by the insect, was nearly 
tional career. In tbe beginning of the winter past. Of course but little damage was done to it. 
he should become accustomed to the bit, saddle. Sowing “pure seed" will not, always, prevent 
and harness, by having them put upon him daily the produce from being smutty, if the “bug” is 
in tbe stable for a number of days successively. , in the neighborhood. It is itinerant in its liab- 
Afterwards turn him in tbe yard with bit and its, and undoubtedly passes from place to place, 
harness on, and firmly checked, a martingale Like the “Hessian fly,” and other insects, it 
and side reins being used to keep'his head as appears to come and go at its pleasure—one 
you would wish him to carry it when driven on year doing much damage in one place, and then 
the road. Or, a bitting machine may be used, almost, or entirely, leaving that place and ap- 
thougb I would not recommend tbe severe dis- pearing in another, generally not far distant, 
cipline too frequently practiced with this gear. In regard to the “ smut in corn, oats, and bar- 
I once knew a valuable colt made blind for life ley,” it is formed in an entirely different raan- 
by falling backward and striking tbe upper ner, although of the same material, the undigest- 
part of his head against the ground—the fall ed sap of the plant. That on com being the 
being occasioned by bis straggles against tbe sap which is exuded, or “ run out,” from tbe 
too forcible restraints of a bitting machine. Let ruptured sap vessels, like the “ rust on wheat, 
tbe colt stand or walk about tbe yard as he <fcc. For an explanation of tbe process, I would 
chooses with his gearing’for an hour or two.— refer Mr. S. to No. 6, Vol. 11 of the Genesee Far- 
After having several lessons of this kind, he mer, (June,1850,) page 137— (’Hiel, or“J.H.H.”) 
may he taught ,the guidance of the rein, also The “smut of oats or barley” appears to be the 
the meaning of words of command by being English “Pepper Brand,” respecting which I 
driven around the yard with reins, but without would refer Air. S. lo my article in the Rural 
a whip. The first lesson in draught may he New-Yorker of April 30, 1853, (No. 18 of Yol. 
taught by having traces attachedjtojhis harness, 4,) signed ’Hiel (“J. H. H.,”) wherein some 
curious facts are given. Within the past sum¬ 
mer I have found iu this State, (as well as in 
Alichigan,) a few heads of wheat, oats and bar¬ 
ley, one part of which, (invariably the lower,) 
was “Pepper Brand," and the other (or upper) 
part having good grain on it. I know of no 
one who has attempted to give an explanation 
of the cause, or even, indeed, mentioned that 
peculiarity. ’Hiel. 
Lodi, N. Y., September 6, 1856. 
CHAUTAUQ.UE COUNTY FAIR. 
Eds. Rural :—I have been on the fair ground 
some hours to-day—a pleasant grove just out of 
Westfield. Had it not been for the clouds of 
dust, it would have been very pleasant, and as 
it was people enjoyed it. There were over ten 
thousand present, and the receipts at the gate 
were about $1,700. The addresses, by Solon 
Robinson and Cassius M. Clay, I did not hear, 
not being able to get near enough. There were 
over three hundred entries for exhibition of 
live stock, and about double that number of all 
other articles. The exhibition of Cattle and 
Horses was larger than usual; of Sheep smaller 
than I expected, but good in quality; of Swine, 
about the usual number—some excellent speci¬ 
mens. 
I can specify but little, and will say that in 
mentioning a few fine animals, it should be 
borne in mind there were others highly deserv¬ 
ing of mention. Dr. Wm. Pendergast, of Alays- 
vlllej Had a"white Durham heifer, 3 years old, 
judged to weigh 1,600 lbs.; three heifers, a fine 
cow, a noble bull—all pure blood; and two 
pair of excellent steers, half blood ; all fine 
specimens. Mr. Fay, of Portland, a fine Dur¬ 
ham bull. Mr. Cowden, of Ripley, a beautiful 
spotted Durham cow, with a yearling bull 
calf—and several other very handsome calves. 
Thomas Rolfe, of Stockton, an excellent calf, 
half blood. E. C. Bliss, of Westfield, had a 
beautiful lot of sixteen Devon cows and heifers, 
half pure and half mixed blood, fine animals, of 
that deep red color marking their pedigree ; 
a Devon bull, low in flesh, but of prime excel¬ 
lence. I saw one of his calves, eight months 
old, which was sold for $100. A. Crosby, of 
Fredonia, two excellent Devon calves, a bull 
and heifer. H. Baker, of Westfield, a noble 
heifer, and calf. There were many native cattle 
of excellent quality. A jack three years old, 
over 15 hands high, belonging to E. C. Bliss, 
was much noticed. I saw, too, a fine pair of 
mules, worthy of Old Virginia. 
Suffolk pigs, a few weeks old, I saw sold for 
$12, by Air. Bliss ; and a fine boar of the same 
breed took a high premium. Mr. Patterson, 
of Westfield, made a fine show of Ftench 
Merinos. Air. Wallis, of Aurora, Erie Co., had 
a superior lot of South Downs, and I saw some 
noble coarse-wooled sheep. The show of horses 
was large, but I failedTto see their owners. A 
large, noble stallion, Itocklander, owned )by 
Lafayette Pratt* of Portland, took a first 
premium, and his chit, two years old, owned 
by Mr. Dunn, of Portland, was a fine animal.— 
The stallion Black Hawk, owned by Air. Royce, 
of Clymer, is of high repute. Mares, beautiful 
colts, and excellent horses for draught and 
roadsters, were plenty. 
In the afternoon half dozen ladies, each wilh 
a gentleman attendant, rode admirably, amid 
clouds of dust—not racing, but simply showing 
their skill and the paces of their horses, at safe 
speed — a commendable practice. Butter and 
cheese were “ not to be beat." The fancy and 
useful articles of domestic manufacture did 
credit to the ladies. From the Nursery of L. 
Fay, of Portland, were pears, peaches, apples, 
and grapes—a fine display for this season. G. 
Ryckman, of Salem Cross Roads, had eighteen 
varieties of grapes, and specimens of wine he is 
making. I noticed beautiful axes and forks 
from Townsend, of Westfield. 
But this must suffice. The Fair passed off 
quite to the satisfaction of the great majority— 
was creditable to the nobility of labor in this 
region—and by sunset most of the ten thousand 
were on the way to their quiet country homes. 
Westfield, N. Y., Sept. 11, 1856. G. B. S. 
WINTER WHEAT.—“GOLDEN DROP.” 
AIessrs. Eds :—In the Rural of Sept. 6 you 
give an item of experience from Air. Smith, of 
Livonia, in regard to the value of the “ Golden 
Drop" variety of winter wheat, and call for the 
testimony of others on the subject. We have 
sown it for two years, and coincide in the opin¬ 
ion that “it is as early as the Alediterranean 
and superior in quality.” In 1855 it was, com¬ 
pared with our Soule’s wheat, but little injured 
by the wheat midge, and our crop promised to 
yield at least 20 bushels per acre, but the heavy, 
long continued rains sprouted it before it was 
cut, as well as afterward while in the shock, so 
that the actual yield was only eight bushels of 
inferior quality. The same varietygwas sown 
last fall, and harvested the present season. It 
matured too early to be seriously injured by 
the midge, though they were plentiful in the 
vicinity, and could be found in^barley and clo¬ 
ver heads in fields adjoining. On threshing, 
we found the product fifteen bushels of wheat 
per acre—a part of the field having been in¬ 
jured by the winter. The quality of the wheat 
cannot be beaten—the flour is very white and 
nice, making the best of bread and cakes, and 
a luxurious advance over any flour from wheat 
grown the year before. 
We shall sow the “Golden 'Drop” until we 
find some better variety, but while the midge 
prevails so extensively, wheat must be a secon¬ 
dary consideration. Stock raising, corn and 
barley growing pay about as well as wheat in 
its palmiest days, and a “ mixed husbandry” is 
that best suited to our circumstances. 
Royal ton, Niagara Co., Sept. 1856. J. H. B. 
Mitral itotfs anti Items. 
New York State Ag’l Fair. —The prepara¬ 
tion of the grounds and buildings for the An¬ 
nual Exhibition of the N. Y. State Ag’l Society 
at Watertown, is going forward with all possi¬ 
ble despatch. We gather the following partic¬ 
ulars from the Jefferson Union : —“ An area of 
about twenty-five acres is enclosed by a close 
board fence of sufficient height to secure the 
objects within from sight. The buildings con¬ 
sist of one for offices for tbe Officers and Com¬ 
mittees, and a dining ball, where the agricul¬ 
tural princes are to take their farmer’s fare with 
rural simplicity. This building is 185 feet long 
and about 30 wide, and will be divided into 
several apartments. Floral Hall is 170 feet 
long by 70 wide. Agricultural Hall is 130 by 
38 feet. It has a very convenient and pleasant 
location. Alechanic’s Hall is 175 by 58 feet.— 
The horse stalls are nearly completed, and are 
well located and convenient. These are 180 in 
number, and it is hoped they will all be occu¬ 
pied. There are to be about 350 cattle stalls, 
all convenient and commodious. Besides the 
foregoing particularly described structures, the 
the arrangements for swine, sheep and feathered 
tribe, are abundantly ample, and will afford 
exhibitors the most convenient facilities for 
showing and providing for these articles. How¬ 
ever large may be the attendance, it is to be 
presumed that all will l5e sufficiently accom¬ 
modated, to avoid suffering. Hotel keepers 
and others are making the most ample arrange¬ 
ments for the convenience of their guests and 
friends, and will greet them with cordiality and 
good cheer.” 
The New Jersey State Fair, held at New¬ 
ark, last week, was not a very creditable or 
grand demonstration. As a State Exhibition it 
was inferior to any we ever attended — and in 
all the essentials of an Agricultural and Horti¬ 
cultural Show did not equal many of the County 
Fairs of Western New York, last season. We 
were only present on the last day, Friday; yet, 
judging from what we saw, and the testimony 
of others, we conclude that our Jersey friends 
have abundant cause and ample room for im¬ 
provement. In most departments the display 
was decidedly meagre, and far below our anti¬ 
cipations. The exhibition of Implements, Ma¬ 
chinery, <fcc., was fair, and the show of Stock 
embraced some fine animals. The Messrs. 
Haines, of Elizabeth, exhibited several fine 
Short-liorns. As we took few notes, we are 
unable to particularize even the meritorious 
exhibitors or articles. 
The N. Y. State Ag. College was, at a re¬ 
cent meeting of the Board of Trustees, located 
at Ovid. Tbe farm selected contains 670 acres, 
and extends from the village of Ovid to Seneca 
Lake. It is a beautiful location, comprises a 
variety of soil, and is well calculated for the 
institution—as we learn from a correspondent 
vvhose article (on that and other Seneca Co, 
topics) is necessarily deferred. At the same 
| meeting, Hon. Samuel Cheever was elected 
1 President of the College. 
Town Shows. —The Town of Greece, Monroe 
Co., will give a Public Exhibition, on Friday 
and Saturday, Sept. 19th and 20th, near the 
Falls Inn, in said town. 
The Brookfield Ag’l Society, will hold their 
Seventh Annual Fair at Clarksville, Alad. Co., 
on Wednesday and Thursday, Oct. 8th and 9th. 
The Granite State Horse Show will take 
place under the auspices of the Hillsborough 
County Agricultural Society, Alanchester, N. 
H., Sept. 30tli, and Oct. 1st and 2d. The an¬ 
nual Fair of the Society will take place at the 
same time. 
A Great Price for a Horse. —It is said that 
Mr. Alexander of Woodford, Ky.,has purchas¬ 
ed the celebrated race horse Lexington. He 
met Mr. Ten Broeck in England, and the pur¬ 
chase was made there. The price paid was 
$15,000. __ 
The Ohio Farmer says that calculations, based 
upon the transactions in wool in Cleveland, up 
to August 1st, 1856, as compared with the 
transactions of 1855, show a deficiency this 
year of over one and a half millions of pounds. 
The number of sheep in the British islands 
is estimated at 35,000,000, worth two hundred 
and fifty millions of dollars 1 producing 157,- 
000,000 pounds of wool, worth fifty millions of 
dollars annually. 
According to the official announcement of the 
officers of the Niagara County Ag’l Society, the 
next Annual Fair will be held at Lockport, on 
the 9th and 10th of October next. 
The Seneca Co. Fair has been postponed 
from the 8th to the 15th, 16th and 17th of Oc¬ 
tober, when it will be held at the place hereto¬ 
fore designated—Waterloo. 
The Annual Fair and Cattle Show of the 
Oraoge County Agricultural Society, will be 
hedd in the village of Newburgh, on Wednes¬ 
day and Thursday, Oct. 8th and 9th. 
It is estimated that 20,000 people were pres¬ 
ent at the Great Agricultural Fair at Newark, 
N. J., on Thursday week. 
The Montgomery County Ag’l Society, hold 
their next Fair and Cattle Show at Canajoharie 
on the 25th and 26th inst. 
A bushel of plaster per acre, sown broadcast, 
over clover, will add one hundred per oent. to 
its produce. 
WASHING BUTTER 
[Caleb Skiff, of Cazenovia, N. Y,, commu¬ 
nicates the following to the Boston Cultivator :] 
In the Rural New-Yorker I find an article 
taken from the Boston Cultivator, on the subject 
of washing butter. I keep about twenty cows 
and make butter. I think my manner of mak¬ 
ing would meet your approbation, and will 
briefly give it. 
I have a building away from the house, for 
setting the milk, sufficiently large so that I 
have a hollow wall of eighteen inches, and this 
space is filled with dry tan-bark. Overhead is 
the same thickness, with a ventilator in the 
center for letting off the warm air, and there 
are blinds to the windows. When the men 
bring the milk they strain it into a tub placed 
at the door, that they may not have to step into 
the room. This keeps out any filth that might 
stick to their feet. The milk is then dipped 
into pans and set on racks, generally about 
thirty-six hours ; but the time depends on the 
temperature of the air. When it is in the right 
stage (and every person that is fit to make but¬ 
ter knows when this is by looking at it,) it is 
skimmed. We churn three times a week. If 
the butter is too soft, we put ice into the churn 
and keep it gently moving until it is sufficient¬ 
ly cool. It is then taken up, put on a worker, 
and salted. It is then put into wooden bowls 
and set on the cellar bottom. The next morn¬ 
ing it is worked and packed. I use a white 
oak dash churn, driven by horse-power. I pre¬ 
fer a dash churn to all others. 
I think a first-rate article cannot be made if 
it is washed. If it is washed it must be work¬ 
ed until the water is all out, and in getting out 
the water it has to be worked so much it will 
be salvy, and this spoils the flavor. Butter is 
frequently spoiled by working too much. If 
the water is not all worked out and it is kept 
any length of time, it will be rancid. I use the 
Ashton salt—have no particular rule in salting, 
only by taste, being very careful not to get it 
too salt. I pack in white oak firkins that will 
hold about one hundred pounds, hooped with 
half-round hickory hoops. When a firkin is 
filled it is set on a plank, one foot from the cel¬ 
lar bottom, and the butter is covered with a 
strong brine. It stands in this situation until 
it is sold. The brine is then turned off, a cloth 
put over the butter and a little salt over the 
cloth, when it is headed. 
Butter and Cheese. —The exports of domes¬ 
tic butter and cbeese from the United States 
are on a much larger scale than many, perhaps, 
are aware of. During the fiscal year of 1855, 
the shipments of butter amounted to 2,315,249 
lbs., valued at $418,723 ; and of cbeese, 4,846,- 
568 lbs., valued at $514,034. Of the butter, 
tbe largest proportion, 461,015 lbs., was sent to 
British West Indies. To England there were 
exported 3,343,000 lbs. of cbeese—more than 
three-fourths of the entire shipment. Nearly 
50,000 lbs. of butter were sent to Chinn, and 
about 234,000 lbs. to Australia. Strange as it 
may seem, during the same fiscal year 879,000 
lbs. of butter were imported into the United 
States from British North America, Hamburg, 
Bremen, Holland, England and France, for home 
consumption. Besides this, 605,211 lbs. were 
imported for exportation. Tbe imports of for¬ 
eign cbeese were on a more extensive scale, the 
total amount being 1,526,942 lbs., valued at 
$146,269. The Germans sent us 157,166 lbs. of 
their fragrant Limburger and other varieties, 
and the Dutch 220,021 lbs. France sent us the 
largest supply, viz : 1,002,146 lbs. 
Interesting to Bankers and Wool Growers. 
—While this country is receiving large ship¬ 
ments of gold from California, it will be a mat¬ 
ter of interest to all to know something of the 
products of that “ mine of untold wealth,” Aus¬ 
tralia. Over $100,000,000 worth of gold has 
been realized in that country during this year, 
without much interfering with other products 
of that country ; indeed, the wool crops are 
better than ever, and the recent sales in Eng¬ 
land exhibited a firm market. Some of the 
Australian sheep owners were attending the 
sales of their clips in London, and there were 
men whose flocks numbered 60,000 head, giv¬ 
ing a clip of 300,000 lbs. of wool in the grease, 
which brought 15d.—say 30 cents, being a 
value of $90,000 for a clip, of which half is 
profit. Such property, with so certain and 
regular a market as London, where wool is free, 
is better than gold digging, even in a profitable 
gold country. 
Cut Straw for Manure. — Not only the 
economy of cut feed recommends the practice 
to the farmer, but as materials designed merely 
as bedding for animals, the plan is valuable.— 
Where this is done, the manure is much more 
readily rotted, while it can be spread upon the 
land with far greater facility and uniformity.— 
This point is not generally considered suffi¬ 
ciently. Manure while rottiDg in the yard is 
constantly losing some part of its most valuable 
elements, and yet long straw cannot well be 
incorporated with the soil until it is thoroughly 
decomposed. But by cutting it short it can be 
well distributed, even without any previous 
rotting, and then the elements escaping during 
decomposition are retained by the soil for the 
use of growing plants.— Selected. 
Death of Mariner. —Mariner, by Shark, out 
of Bonnets-o’-Blue, Fashion's dam, died about 
a fortnight since, in New Jersey. He was the 
sire of Basil, Philo, etc., and at the time of his 
death was 20 years old.— N. Y. Spirit of the 
Times. 
The Monroe, Ontario, and Wayne County 
Fairs are to be held next week. Which of the 
trio will excel, and lake the banner ? 
..... 
