NOV. 1. 
.MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
351 { 
frcijacti ctiib fetlmt. 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
Official Abstract of the Proceedings and Discussions of 
the Fourth Session, held in Rochester, Sept. 24th to 
27th, 1856. 
[Continued from page 343, last week’s No.] 
NATIVE GRAPES. 
Delaware. —Mr. Priuce was of opinion that 
this would prove to be the most delicious native 
grape, except perhaps the Scuppernong of the 
South. Dr. Grant had grown it for three years, 
and found it perfectly hardy. Mr. Downing 
considered it one of the finest native grapes, 
and said that it was very hardy with him. Dr. 
Brinckle saw it first in 1850, and thought it 
finer than any native grape that he knew, but 
had doubts of its being a native; Mr. Long- 
worth said it was not. Mr. Ernst stated that 
Mr. Longworth had been mistaken in regard to 
this grape, and was now satisfied of its Ameri¬ 
can origin. Mr. Hovey esteemed it as an ex¬ 
cellent fruit, and wished it placed upon the list 
of varieties that promise well. Dr. Grant re¬ 
marked that it was first discovered in New Jer¬ 
sey, and was introduced into Ohio 25 or 30 years 
since. It was recommended as promising well. 
Rebecca. —Mr. Prince had no doubt that this 
was a variety of the Chasselas family, and tho’t 
that no such grape could be perfectly hardy.— 
Mr. Reid said that it showed no indication of 
an origin from the Chasselas, except some re¬ 
semblance in the foliage. Dr. Grant stated that 
it had been exposed at Hudson, for the past 
three years, remaining on an open trellis during 
the winter, and had not suffered in the least, 
while many other things which were usually 
hardy had been destroyed. Mr. Downing had 
seen it for three years past, and considered it 
perfectly hardy, though not a very strong 
grower. Mr. Reid said that it was the only 
white native variety within nis knowledge, and 
thought it desirable if only for that reason._ 
Mr. Prince knew of another white variety in 
Penn. Recommended as promising well. 
Jo Kalon. —Dr. Grant had known this grape 
for some years, and esteemed it highly. Mr. 
Prince had found it as hardy as the Catawba, 
and very similar to it. He considered it very 
good. Dr. Grant could see no resemblance be¬ 
tween it and the Catawba. The To Kalon was 
black, and quite distinct in wood and foliage.— 
Mr. Hovey agreed with Mr. Prince. He could 
not easily distinguish it from the Catawba, and 
there was so little difference between them that 
he had sometimes thought them identical. Mr. 
Prince said that Mr. Hovey was quite correct, 
and that it was not a black grape. Mr. Down¬ 
ing observed that it was distinct from the Ca¬ 
tawba, and darker, but not black. It was ripe 
with the Isabella, but not quite so dark, and 
with less bloom,— better than either. Mr. 
Grant said that his fruit was quite as black as 
the Isabella. Mr. Saul had cultivated it for 17 
or 18 years, and had always found it black.— 
His vines were from the same stock as Messrs. 
Grant and Downing’s. He esteemed it as bet¬ 
ter than either the Catawba or Isabella, and it 
was a week earlier than the former. Mr. Grant 
also said it ripened a week before the Isabella. 
The President wished to direct attention to 
several seedlings lately originated at Philadel¬ 
phia, and called upon Dr. Brinckle for informa¬ 
tion in regard to them, who made some remarks 
upon five sorts, viz : 
Emily, Clara, Brinckle, Graham and Raabe .— 
Dr. Brinckle stated that the Raabe was raised 
from seed of the Catawba, the others from seed 
of foreign sorts, and that the Clara and Brinckle 
were, in particular, very fine. Mr. Buist ob- 
’served that the Graham and Raabe were evi¬ 
dently natives, but that the others were purely 
foreign in their characteristics. Dr. Brinckle 
was of opinion that all grapes originating in 
this country should be considered natives, 
whether raised from native or foreign seed.— 
Mr. Reid considered grapes from foreign seed 
more liable to the attacks of mildew than those 
of native origin. Mr. Hovey thought that seed¬ 
lings from foreign grapes would not, prove hardy 
without some “native blood.” Dr. Brinckle 
stated that neither of these varieties had ever 
been protected—had not suffered in the least 
from the effects of winter, but that of many 
other seedlings originated at the same time, the 
remainder had all been destroyed. The Presi¬ 
dent thought that the Emily must have some 
infusion of “native blood,” as he had found it 
perfectly hardy. Mr. Prince remarked at some 
length upon the natural adaptability of this 
country to the culture of the grape—that it was 
exemplified by the fact that there were 7 or 8 
indigenous species, and one only in the whole 
of Europe, and that he had been at a large ex¬ 
penditure of time and money in order to accli¬ 
mate the foreign grape, but that he had never 
succeeded in a single instance. He concluded 
by expressing his opinion that we must rely 
chiefly upon our native sorts, and that America 
was by nature destined to become more renown¬ 
ed for grapes and wine culture than any other 
country in the world—that it was the “natural 
home of the grape and the land of the vine." 
Union Village. —Dr. Brinckle had heard from 
Mr. Longworth that this variety was as large 
as the Black Hamburgh, and quite hardy, but 
that there had been a mistake made in the cut¬ 
tings which had been sent him, and lie had had 
no fruit. Mr. Grant observed that it was a 
monstrous grower, the bunches quite large, the 
flavor sweet, and as good as the Isabella. Mr. 
Ernst remarked that it was probably an acci¬ 
dental seedling, and he had seen it exhibited 
before the Cincinnati Horticultural Society,when 
it was so fine as to be by many persons mis¬ 
taken for the Black Hamburgh. He had not 
had much experience with it, but considered it 
a fine table grape. It was vigorous, and a little 
earlier than the Catawba, but he thought pro¬ 
bably not well adapted for making wine. Mr. 
Graut said it was a little earlier than the Isa¬ 
bella. The President had seen specimens 
which were exhibited at Boston, and consideied 
it very promising. Mr. Cabot thought it earlier 
than Isabella, but not so early as the Delaware. 
He had eaten it from a vine under glass, and 
considered the flavor very fine. The cane was 
very stout. 
Mr. Ernst made some remarks upon the injury 
which grapes had received from the extreme 
cold of the past winter. Mr. Hanford of Indi¬ 
ana observed that in his vicinity grapes had 
sustained a temperature of 31 deg. below zero 
without injury. 
Hartford Prolific. —Mr. Hovey entertained a 
favorable opinion. Mr. Downing was much 
pleased with the first year, but he had since 
come to the conclusion that it was not so good 
as the Isabella. It was, however, 10 days ear¬ 
lier than that sort, and not much different in 
quality from the Concord. Mr. Prince con¬ 
demned it in strong terms as being miserably 
foxv, and considered the Concord infinitely su¬ 
perior to it. Mr. Reid considered it utterly im- 
wort.hv of cultivation, except in a cold climate, 
where the Isabella and others could not be 
ripened. Mr. Barry concurred. He thought it 
entirely unfit for the table, except in cases of 
absolute necessity. Mr. Hovey had never es¬ 
teemed it as anything remarkable, but was dis¬ 
posed to think it valuable for cold localities, 
where better sorts could not be grown. Mr. 
Grant thought its earliness its chief merit; he 
had found it to ripen a week before the Concord. 
Mr. H. E. Hooker considered it more foxy than 
the Concord, but quite as good. Mr. R e id 
thought the Concord much superior to it. 
Northern Muscadine. —Mr. Prince considered 
it as belonging to the same class as the Variety 
last discussed. Mr. Buist observed that it had 
been brought before a committee of which he 
was a member, and that it was greatly against 
his will that he remained in the room with it. 
The President made some humorous remarks 
on the disposition shown by some persons to 
esteem their own productions too highly, and 
to recommend them so frequently to others as 
to become at length themselves convinced that 
they really were what they had represented 
them. Mr. Thomas had been much surprised 
at the pertinacity of the Shakers in recommend¬ 
ing this grape so highly. It was, as he had 
frequently told them, no other than the common 
Brown Fox. 
Concord. —Mr. Downing had found it a little 
larger, and ten days earlier than the Isabella, 
but of not so good quality. Mr. E. C. Frost 
had fruited it for the first time this year, and it 
had ripened six days before the Isabella. Mr. 
Reid had also fruited it but once. He consid¬ 
ered it very hardy, a free grower, nearly as 
good as the Isabella, and a week earlier. Mr. 
H. E. Hooker said that it had ripened with him 
at the same time as the Isabella, and was nearly 
as good. 
The Society then adjourned to 3 o’clock P. M. 
Met at 3 o’clock P. M.—the President in the 
Chair. 
APPLES FOR GENERAL CULTIVATION. 
Baldwin. —Mr. Ernst stated that it ripened in 
the fall at Cincinnati, and was not of the first 
quality. Mr. Comstock of Iowa considered it 
worthless for that locality, as the tree was quite 
tender, and the fruit very liable to spot, which 
might be owing to soil. Messrs. Dwire of Iowa, 
and Kinney of Illinois, stated that so far as 
their observations extended, the Baldwin trees 
at the West were nearly all dead. Mr. Hanford 
remarked that the fruit spotted badly on various 
soils, and that the trees were nearly all des¬ 
troyed, the bark being killed at the forks of 
the branches. Mr. Reid considered it remark¬ 
ably hardy. It succeeded very well with him, 
and fruited abundantly. Mr. Paul testified to 
its being a fine apple in Mass., and one of the 
most profitable in cultivation. Mr. Stone of N. 
Y. observed that there was no variety to com¬ 
pare with it iu Oswego Co. for productiveness 
and value, and he considered it one of the best 
varieties. He had seen some trees killed by 
extreme cold. Mr. Prince stated that it suc¬ 
ceeded admirably on Long Island. Mr. Hodge 
was planting it extensively, and had found none 
to succeed better. His soil was a rich sandy 
loam on a clay subsoil, and his fruit was almost 
universally fair and fine. 
Early Harvest. —Mr. Ernst remarked that this 
was one of the few apples that he had received 
from the East which retained their charactei 
with him. He considered it a fine fruit. 
Fall Pippin. —Mr. Stone said that his trees 
were badly injured two years since by cold, 
and that this season he had no crop. Mr. Com¬ 
stock found the tree quite tender, and a very 
shy bearer. Thought the blossoms were gen¬ 
erally injured by the late spring frosts in Iowa. 
Gravenstein. — Mr. Comstock thought that 
there was not a living tree of this variety in 
Iowa, and being asked what degree of cold 
they had experienced, stated that the mercury 
had fallen to 34 deg. below zero. Mr. Kinney, 
of Rock Island, Ill., observed that his trees 
had not been injured, and that small trees in 
nursery rows had wholly escaped, although 
there was but little snow to protect them. 
Ilubbardston Nonsuch. —Mr. Dwire and Mr. 
Comstock had not found it to succeed. Trees 
all winter-killed. Mr. Hodge observed that all 
the foregoing sorts were perfectly hardy with 
him. Mr. Field enquired of western members 
whether all their trees were not destroyed ? 
Mr. Dwire stated that the Fameuse did well. 
Mr. Comstock named the Yellow Belleflower 
and some others as being hardy. If desired, 
they could prepare a list of varieties that had 
proved hardy the past winter. 
Ladies' Sweet. —Mr. Dsvire considered it 
quite a tender tree, Mr. Hovey remarked that 
the past two winters were not ordinary ones, 
and should not be considered fair tests of the 
hardiness of trees, and said that in parts o! 
New England the hardy grapes had been com¬ 
pletely destroyed. 
Porter and Red Astrachan were stated by Mr. 
Dwire to have proved quite hardy in Illinois. 
Rhode Island Greening. —Mr. Dwire said it 
succeeded no better with him than the Baldwin. 
Mr. Carlow, of N. Y., had observed that in 
Michigan almost all the trees were killed last 
winter. Mr. Bateham, of Ohio, had found it of 
no use to cultivate it in Southern and Central 
Ohio. The tree was not too tender, and suc¬ 
ceeded best on sandy, elevated land, but the 
fruit fell off before attaining maturity. Mr. 
Westbrooks, of N. C., remarked that it was the 
same in North and South Carolina—the fruit all 
fell from the tree. Mr. Hodge considered it one 
of the very best sorts, and ranked it with the 
Baldwin for productiveness and hardiness. Mr. 
Waring stated that it was a great favorite in 
Pennsylvania. Mr. Hooker thought that there 
should be a subdivision in the list for general 
cultivation. The country was so extensive, and 
climate so various, that the North, South, Ea^t 
and West required different fruits. Mr. Paul 
had less complaint of it in Massachusetts thau 
of any other variety. Mr. Waring was ot opin¬ 
ion that Northern apples did not succeed as 
well at the South as formerly. They ripened 
too early and would not keep. The fall or win - 
ter apples ot the South would make long keep¬ 
ers at the North. 
Roxbury Russet. —Mr. Hodge had seen it very 
fine in Ohio under the name of Putnam Russet. 
He considered it as more emphatically a nation¬ 
al apple than any other. It always succeeded 
well with him, and bore large and fine fruit. 
Mr. Comstock observed that his trees had been 
somewhat injured last winter, but that the fruit 
was generally good. Mr. Ernst had found it to 
vary much in quality on different soils. On 
clay soil it rarely succeeded, but on alluvial it 
was very fine. Mr. Kinney ranked it far before 
the R. I. Greening. He considered it a rather 
shy bearer, but his trees had been but little in¬ 
jured by cold. Have not quite as good as in 
Western New Y r ork. Mr. Bateham stated that 
it was formerly very fine iu parts of Ohio where 
it is now becoming worthless. It had usually 
succeeded better than most other varieties, but 
of late years it is generally failing except on 
high sandy land. 
Vandevere. —Mr. Downing desired to know 
what variety was meant, as there were several 
varieties cultivated under that name. Mr. 
Barry remarked that the subject had been dis¬ 
cussed before, and that the fruit in question 
was a red apple, which had been cultivated in 
Ohio under the names of Ox Eye and Newtown 
Spitzenburg. 
White Seeknofurther. — Mr. Bateham wished 
information in regard to the variety, as he was 
not acquainted with it. Mr. Prince remarked 
that it was the same as the GreenSecknofurther. 
Mr. Cabot said that the White Sceknofurther 
was synonymous with the Ortley Pippin. 
Messrs. Bateham, Ernst and Hovey discussed 
the propriety of adjourning to the Exhibition 
Hall, in order to discuss apples more intelli¬ 
gently with the specimens before them, and it 
was finally determined that specimens should 
be brought from the exhibition and placed 
upon the table before the Society. The Presi¬ 
dent appointed Messrs. Bateham, Hovey, Hook¬ 
er and Barry a committee to procure such speci¬ 
mens, and have them in readiness for discussion 
at the evening session. 
APPLES WHICH PROMISE WELL. 
The President appointed Messrs. Comstock 
of Iowa, Kinney of Ill., and Hanford of Ind., a 
committee on Western Apples. 
Benoni. —Mr. Ernst thought it should be re¬ 
commended for general cultivation. Mr. Prince 
considered it one of the best early sorts. Mr. 
Barry also entertained a good opinion of it. 
Mr. Comstock and Mr. Negus spoke of it as be¬ 
ing hardy and a good bearer. 
Recommended for general cultivation. 
Hawley. —Mr. Hovey wished to have this va¬ 
riety recommended for general cultivation. The 
President had heard that it was apt to spot and 
rot. Mr. E. C. Frost said that F. R. Elliott had 
said so, and thought that his specimens had 
been obtained from exhibitions where they had 
sustained unfair usage. Mr. Townsend inquir¬ 
ed if it was not known at the eastward under 
the name of Bcarburden. Mr. Downing stated 
that to be a synonym of the Pommc Royale .— 
Messrs. Hovey and Hooker spoke higher of the 
Hawley, and the latter remarked that it was 
sometimes a little watery. Recommended for 
general cultivation. 
Ladies' Winter Sweet was decided to be a mis¬ 
nomer for Ladies’ Sweet, by an error on the 
part of the reporter, and ordered expunged. 
Primate. —Mr. Hooker thought it would be 
safe to recommend this variety for general cul¬ 
tivation. The President expressed a favorable 
opinion of it. Mr. Ernst would not yet recom¬ 
mend it, as it was not sufficiently known.— 
Messrs. Barry, Saul, Frost and Reid were in 
favor of placing upon the list. Recommended 
for general cultivation. 
Smokehouse. —Mr. Ernst wished for informa¬ 
tion iu regard to this variety, as that he had re¬ 
ceived from Dr. Brinckle seemed identical with 
the Vandevere. Dr. Brinckle stated that it was 
probably a seedling from the Vandevere, and 
much superior to it. Mr. Pierce said that it 
was well known in' Pennsylvania, but it was 
such a crooked grower that he doubted whether 
there had ever been a straight tree of it grown. 
Mr. Hoopes considered it the best apple in 
Pennsylvania. 
Rambo. —Mr. Bateham remarked that it was 
a fine apple in Ohio, and more sought for than 
most others. Mr. Ernst said it was a very su¬ 
perior fruit, and extremely popular, but that on 
clay soil it was apt to drop its fruit. Mr. Teas, 
of Ind., thought there was no better apple in 
that State. Mr. Phoenix observed that it was a 
very valuable fruit at the West, but that he had 
found it somewhat tender last winter. Mr. 
Barry thought that it was justly entitled to a 
place in the list for general cultivation, and 
knew no sort which was more so. He had seen 
it beaiing large fine crops where other sorts 
were totally killed. Mr. Thompson, of Cal., 
had similar experience. Mr. Stone considered 
it one of the most tender varieties. Dr. Brinckle 
remarked that it was undoubtedly originated 
near the Atlantic coast, probably in New Jer¬ 
sey. It was formerly a common fruit in the 
Philadelphia markets, but of late years it had 
almost entirely disappeared, and the fruit had 
much deteriorated in quality. Mr. Pierce con¬ 
sidered it a fine fruit. YVashington market 
well supplied. Mr. Hobbs said it was a uni¬ 
versal favorite in Kentucky, and he had known 
it to sustain a temperature of 26 deg. below zero 
without injury. Mr. Negus, of Iowa, had found 
it apt to overbear, but considered it one of the 
best sorts, although it had been destroyed by 
the cold on the prairies. Mr. Hanford observed 
that it was more sought for in his vicinity than 
any other variety. He had found it liable to be 
watery at the core on small trees, and had no¬ 
ticed that large trees were apt to overbear.— 
The fruit was more frequently wormy than 
some other sorts, which he attributed to its 
having a large open calyx, which afforded a 
convenient place for the insect to deposit eggs. 
Mr. Hodge had found it a great bearer, but ii 
did not succeed so well with him as at the West, 
and was not a particular favorite of his. Re¬ 
commended for general cultivation. 
J'otnpkins' County King. — Mr. E. C. Frost 
considered this the most valuable winter sort 
that he cultivated. It kept till April, and he 
would be glad to see it placed upon the list for 
general cultivation. Mr. Ernst wished to have 
it recommended as promising well. Mr. Hovey 
thought that it was not much known out of its 
locality, and that it was too soon to recommend 
it. Mr. Mattison, of N. Y., stated that it had 
been in cultivation for fifty years, and was a 
general favorite wherever known. It usually 
sold at double the price that could be obtained 
for any other sort, and had been sold in New 
York for $5 per barrel. It usually bore every 
year. There was this season a halt crop, and 
of other varieties scarcely any. It had the pe¬ 
culiarity of making a tine growth while bear¬ 
ing a heavy crop, and should be gathered early, 
when it would sometimes keep till July. Mr. 
Sylvester of N. Y. had found it a good grower, 
a large, fair fruit, and well adapted to market. 
It kept well, but was not so fine-grained as 
some varieties. He ranked it one of the best, 
but remarked that it was quite a rare fruit, and 
that there were several spurious sort's. He had 
known the Ribston Pippin sold for it. Mr. E. 
C. Frost observed that it took a prize as the best 
wiucr apple at the N. Y. S. Ag. Society’s 
wint. r meeting this year, when the Northern 
Spy and other fine sorts were on exhibition.— 
Mr. Bateham had found it to ripen in December, 
and prove to be of second quality. Mr. Hooker 
considered it first rate, but not “ best,” and 
would like to see it tested. Mr. Thomas re¬ 
marked that his father had told him that after 
removing the skin from this apple he could 
scarcely distinguish it from the Swaar. Mr. 
Saul had heard the same remark made. Mr. 
Reid expressed a good opinion of the fruit._ 
Mr. E. C. Frost remarked that the Newark 
King was a tolerably distinct variety, ripening 
in the fall. Recommended as promising well, 
under the name of King (of Tompkins County.) 
Wagener. —Mr. E. C. Frost moved that this 
variety be added to the list that promise well. 
Adopted. 
June Sweeting. —Mr. Phoenix proposed the 
June Sweeting as worthy of being placed on 
the list that promise well, it being highly es¬ 
teemed at the West. Mr. Teas did not think 
very highly of it. Mr. Comstock said it was a 
fine apple with him. Ripens about middle of 
July; farther South it ripens in June. Mr. 
Negus,—“Best sweet apple we have.” Mr. 
Hanford said it was the very best. Mr. Bate¬ 
ham hoped it would not be adopted under the 
name of June Sweeting, as it does not ripen in 
June. Mr. Sumner said it ripened in South 
Carolina in June, and had been known under 
that name for fifty years. 
Adjourned. 
The Society met at 1% P. M., the President 
in the chair. 
Mr. Hovey, from the Committee on Native 
Fruits, made a report, which was accepted. 
Mr. Prince made some remarks upon the 
Child's Superb grape mentioned in the report.— 
He had not seen it, but supposed it, from the 
description which had been given him, to be 
the Chasselas de Bar Sur Aube, which had been 
sent to that vicinity by his father some years 
since. Mr. Hovey said that the variety in ques¬ 
tion was twice the size of the Bar Sur Aube, 
and quite distinct. 
The discussion of apples was then resumed. 
Yellow Sweet June, or High Top Sweeting —Mr. 
Hovey remarked that High Top Sweeting was 
the correct name. He had seen trees 150 years 
old, and considered it one of the best sweet ap¬ 
ples. It took its name from the extreme height 
at which the branches spring from the stem, 
and which was peculiar to this variety. Re¬ 
commended for general cultivation, as High Top 
Sweeting. 
Carolina June.— Mr. Phoenix, of Ill., observed 
that it was widely known at the West and 
South, and was a fine fruit. Mr. Ernst consid¬ 
ered it worthy of trial. Mr. Hodge had found 
it to succeed very well. It was fair, of good 
quality, and a little later than the Early Har¬ 
vest. Mr. Brinckle had seen it the past season, 
and considered it very fine and worthy of cul¬ 
tivation. Mr. Downing did not think it nearly 
so fine as the Early Harvest, and it was, with 
him, two weeks later in ripening. Mr. Negus, 
of Iowa, observed that it kept through 'the 
months of August and September, and was 
more handsome and saleable than any other 
variety in his vicinity. Recommended as prom¬ 
ising well. 
Jonathan.— Mr. Ernst had seen last winter, at 
the Ohio Pomological Society’s Meeting, speci¬ 
mens of this variety from many localities, all 
of which were fine, but that those from furthest 
West were the best. He considered it worthy 
of general cultivation. Mr. Thomas had seen 
specimens from Iowa as large as the Esopus 
Spitzenburgh, and the handsomest apples that, he 
ever saw. Mr. Prince had found it very pro¬ 
ductive and reliable. Mr. Reid thought it too 
small. The Esopus Spitzenburgh was consid¬ 
erably larger. Mr. Ernst remarked that the 
Esopus Spitzenburgh was good for nothing at 
Cincinnati. Mr. Comstock had found it tender 
while the Jonathan was perfectly hardy. Mr. 
Hodge did not consider it as fine or large as the 
Spitzenburgh, but it was fair, and a good grow¬ 
er. Mr. Kinney had found it quite tender.— 
Mr. Pbcenix stated that it was esteemed at the 
West as better on the whole than the Esopus 
Spitzenburgh, although not among the most 
hardy. Mr. E. C. Frost thought that it should 
be recommended “ for cultivation at the West.” 
Mr. Hovey thought that there were no apples 
on the list which had more good qualities. It 
was esteemed as at the head of all apples in 
Massachusetts, and succeeded well throughout 
New England in some localities where the 
Spitzenburgh did not generally prove good.— 
He would recommend it “ for cultivation at the 
East,” Mr. Thomas had known a tree 5 years 
old to bear a bushel of fruil. Mr. Whitney of 
Rochester, had two trees which produced more 
fruit than any other ten trees in his orchard.— 
Mr. Waring esteemed it one of the best and 
most handsome varieties. Recommended for 
general cultivation. 
Mr. Bateham, Chairman of the Committee on 
Specimens of Fruits, brought forward speci¬ 
mens of the following apples for discussion : 
White Seeknofurther and Ortley, which were 
by some considered identical. Mr. Barry re¬ 
marked that the trees were quite distinct. The 
Ortley was an erect but not strong grower, while 
the White Seeknofurther was stouter and more 
spreading. Mr. Hovey said that the White 
Seeknofurther, cultivated by Mr. B. V. French, 
was the Ortley without doubt. Mr. Barry did 
not consider the Ortley adapted to general cul¬ 
tivation. It was fine at the West, but not in 
this locality. Mr. Ernst said that it was a great 
favorite at the West, but not good at the North. 
Mr. Downing remarked that the apple which 
he had received from Mr. French was the White 
Seeknofurther. Mr. Prince considered the 
varieties distinct. He thought the Ortley the 
more oval of the two. Mr. Downing considered 
it the genuine Green or White Seeknofurther. 
Mr. Saul wished it expunged from the list. He 
did not think it good enough for general culti¬ 
vation. It was a miserably meau tree and a 
poor bearer. Struck off the list. 
Wells and Dominie. —Supposed to be identi¬ 
cal. Decided so. (Dominie being the correct 
name.) Mr. Phcemx said it was highly es¬ 
teemed at the West, but he had found it tender 
last winter. Mr. Dwire said that it was hardy 
with him last winter. Mr. Kinney had found it 
hardy, productive and fair. Mr. Barry had seen 
very fine specimens at the West, nearly double 
the usual size. 
Willow Twig and Limber Twig. —Mr. Kinney 
observed that these were two distinct varieties 
at the West, and both fine fruits. Mr. Bateham 
said that they were considered identical in 
Ohio, and not of high quality, although profit¬ 
able. Mr. Comstock remarked that they were 
quite different as exhibited before the North¬ 
western Fruit Growers’Association. Mr. Phoe¬ 
nix considered them as distinct as any that 
could be found. The Limber Twig was the 
smaller fruit by half, and both a more hardy 
tree and larger bearer. Neither of them were 
of fine flavor. There were several sorts culti¬ 
vated at the West under the name of Limber 
Twig. 
[To be Continued.] 
fc|auit grta, 
LIST OF PATENTS, 
Issued from the United State* Patent Office Tor the 
week ending Oct. 14, 1856. 
Pliny E. Cha=e, Philalelphia, arrangement of means for 
regulating the draught of steam boilers. 
Lydia Atwood and C. 0. Crosby, administrators of Chas. 
Atwood, deceased, New York, improvement in sticking 
pins in paper. 6 
Otis Avery, Bethany, Pa., improvement in guides for 
working button holes. 
R as lam G. Anderson, Chillicothe, Ohio, mproved canal 
bridge. 
Lydia Atwood and C. O. Crosby, administrator of Chas 
Atwood, deceased, late of New York, improvement in na¬ 
pering pins. r 
J. Bourbin, San Francisco, improvement in excavators. 
J- W. Barnes, Murfreesboro’, improved manure distrib¬ 
utor. 
Walker B. Bartram, Waterbury, Conn,, improvement in 
sticking pins in paper. 
W. T. Barnes, Buffalo, and Jacob Barnes, Oakville, C. "W., 
improved pump. 
Joel W. Cormack and Ferdinand C. Walker, Quincy, III., 
improvement in grain separators. 
David P. Estep, Pittsburgh, improvement in making axe 
poles. 
Dennis E. Fenn, Tallmadge, Ohio, improved method of 
opening and closing farm gates. 
Carlos W, Glover, Roxbury, Conn., improvement in 
harvesters. 
Dorminico Giambastiana, Washington, D. C., firemen’s 
ladder. 
James L. Humphrey, Syracuse, improvement in salt 
evaporators. 
M. G. Hubbard, Penn Yan, improved arrangement of 
springs for side-spar wagops. 
James Kellv, Sag Harbor, improvement in anti-friction 
bushing for ships’ blocks. 
Samuel A. Knox, Worcester, improvement in plows. 
Edwin T. Ligon, Richmond, Va., improvement in pumps. 
John J. Mozart, Xenia, Obio, improvement in escape¬ 
ment movements lor automatic fans. 
John H. More, West Troy, improved method of hanging 
reciprocated saws. 
Jno. L. Mason, Germantown, Pa., improvement in porte 
monnaies. 
Jno North, Middletown, Conn., improvement insawiDg 
stone. 
Sam’l C. Norcross, Dixfield, Me., improvee adjustable 
stirrup for sawmill pitmen. 
Chas. Pawling, New Pittsburgh, Ohio, improvement in 
bee hives. 
Jacob Purkey, York, Pa., improvement in washing ma¬ 
chines. 
Samuel W. Pingvee, Methuen. Mass., improvement in 
the order of applying tan liquor to hides. 
Wm. Provines, Columbia, Mo., improvement in utezure 
supporters. 
Lodner D. Phillips, Chicago, improvement in submarine 
exploring armors. 
James Perkins and Wm. H. Burnet, Newark, N. J., im¬ 
proved machine for bending metal pipe. 
Chas. Schroder, New York, improvement in spring bed 
bottoms. 
John Sittrn, Williamston, S. C., improved wheelwrights! 
machine. 
Philos B. Tyler, Springfield, Mass., improvement in fin¬ 
ishing castor wheels for furniture. 
James S. Taylor, Danbur, improvement in machinery for 
forming hat bodies. 
John L. Tuttle, New York, improvement in manufactur¬ 
ing cylinders for cotton gins and machine cards. 
John L. Tuttle, New York, improvement in card teeth 
for machine cases. 
Guillaume H. Talbot, Boston, Mass., improvement in 
gimlet handles. 
Noah Warlick, Lafayette, Ala., improved arrangement 
of the thills of vehicles. 
John C. Ward, Charleston, S. C , improvement ia rail¬ 
road car coupling. 
Perry A. Wilbur, New Castle, Pa., improvement in nail 
machines. 
S. Young. Milton, N. Y., improved fastening for gates. 
Stephen A. Whipple, Shaftsburg, Vt.. and Herman 
Whipple, Port Richmond, N. Y., improved machine for 
cleaning emery wheels. 
Simon Ingersoll, Greenpoint, N. Y., assignor to Farmer's 
and Mechanic s Manufacturing Co., same place, improved 
method ot' felling trees. 
Thos. Dutton, Washington, D. C., assignor to John R. 
iLlvans, Fame place, improved brace for carriage springs. 
Alfred P. Critchlow, Florence, Mass., assignor to A. P. 
Critchlow & Co., same place, hinge for picture cases. 
Thos. W. Chatfield, Utica, improved chimney cowl. 
RE-ISSUES. 
St. Julien Ravenel, Charlestown, improvement in artifi¬ 
cial stone. Patented August 10,1866. 
Robt. Arthur, Philadelphia, improvement in self-sealing 
cans. Patented January 2, 1865. Re-issued June 10 ’56. 
Arcalous Wjckoff, Elmira, assignor to Wyckoff & ilor- 
rison, same place, improved boring machine. Patented 
Sept. 25, 1855. 
PRESSURE OP FIRED GUNPOWDER. 
It is well understood that the pressure of the 
explosion in a gun is greatest at the beginning, 
and gradually dies away as the ball moves for¬ 
ward ; but this depends much on the combusti¬ 
bility of the powder. With good quick pow¬ 
der the pressure at the instant the powder is 
fired is immense ; but until recently no one has 
been able to measure it. Dr. W. F. Woodbridge 
and Major Alfred Mordecai have been recently 
making some experiments, at the expense of 
the U. S. Ordnance Department, for testing this 
point, at the Arsenal in YVashmgton. With a 
ball weighing about 6 y 2 lbs. and a charge of 1% 
lbs. of Dupont’s cannon powder, the greatest 
pressure at any instant on the interior of the 
gun at one inch from the breech varied between 
19,000 and 21,000 pounds per square inch. At 
one foot from the breech the greatest pressure 
was only about 8,000 pounds ; at two feet about 
the same; at three feet about 6,000, and at four 
feet about 5,900 pounds. The pressure of a 
small quantity of Hazzard’s rifle powder, fired 
in a cavity from which there was absolutely no 
escape, was not sufficient to burst the box, the 
strength ot which was estimated sufficient to 
sustain an internal pressure of about 93,000 
pounds per square inch. These facts are inter¬ 
esting, as they serve to show how the metal 
should be distributed in casting cannons, and 
also to remove the belief which exists among 
practical men that one grain of powder abso¬ 
lutely confined would exert an infinite force._ 
Selected. 
Bricks. —A paper on the manufacture of 
bricks was recently read before the English 
Society of Arts, and the importance of this 
branch of industry to that country was illus¬ 
trated by the following statement. The quan¬ 
tity of bricks made per annum in England is 
1,800,000,000 ; Manchester alone making 130,- 
000,000, and London averaging about the same. 
Taking bricks at the low average of three tous 
per 1,000, the annual weight would be 5,400,- 
000 tons, and the capital employed 2,000,000 
pounds sterling, or nearly ten millions ot dol¬ 
lars. The number of patents issued in con¬ 
nection with this branch of the industrial arts 
was stated to be 230. 
A small pocket telegraph apparatus has been 
invented, not larger than a tobacco box, which 
can be attached to the wires at any point along 
the line, at the instant, and a message sent as 
desired. 
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