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'VU^A<'>.'^/■W’'<»W , 
LETTER FROM. IOWA. 
Messes. Editors :— Thinking that some of 
your readers might like to hear from this region 
of ••</*« West," I will just give you a few items. 
Dubuque, which is now the largest city in Iowa, 
is situated on the west side of the Mississippi 
river, nearly opposite the point where the boun¬ 
dary line between Mississippi and Illinois 
strikes the river. It is the terminus of the 
great Illinois Central R. R., which strikes the 
river just opposite. Dubuque has now got to 
be a city of some 16,000 inhabitants, and rap¬ 
idly growing all the time. There are building 
and to be built this season 1,000 buildings,of all 
kinds. Some of them are to cost $20,000, some 
$30,000—one is to cost, when completed, over 
$100,000. The whole amount to be expended 
will not fall short of two millions—quite a re¬ 
spectable amount for a new beginner. Dubuque 
is very favorably situated for getting the trade 
of the country west and north of it, and now 
has a very large wholesale trade, which is rap¬ 
idly increasing. In five years it will outnum¬ 
ber Rochester. Do you laugh ? Well, just 
note the prediction, and see if it is not fulfilled. 
As to prices of real estate in and about the 
city, the highest price paid per foot is $350@ 
$400, which is on the best street. Lots can be 
bought on other streets for $130@$250 per foot. 
Building lots in the suburbs can be got for 
$1,000@$2,000. Land one mile from the cen¬ 
ter of same brings from $1,000 to $3,000 per 
acre. But, as most of your readers would like 
to know how farms and farmers flourish in this 
region, I will give you a few items on that 
subject. 
Very fine farms, from 10 to 15 miles from the 
city, can be bought for $25 per acre. The land 
is rich, and very finely located. The build¬ 
ings are, generally speaking, not very good. 
The lack of timber is the great drawback with 
farmers, but they manage to overcome that dif¬ 
ficulty in a variety of ways. They use oak 
slats, rails and boards for fences, not having in¬ 
troduced the Osage Orange much, as yet. They 
will soon be able to supply themselves with 
coal for fuel, as our railroad, running from this 
point to the Missouri river, passes through some 
fine, large coal fields. 
In point of production, I think Iowa falls be¬ 
hind no Western State, except perhaps Illinois, 
and what it lacks in richness of soil, is made up 
in health. Corn, wheat, (spring,) oats, fruit 
and vegetables grow here most luxuriantly. 
Corn is worth, now, 40 cts. per bushel; wheat 
80 cts.; oats 45@50 cts.; potatoes, 50@75 cts.; 
and apples $1,50@$2. 
There is a great chance here for some of our 
New York dairy farmers. There is no better 
country for dairying ; land cheap, winters uni¬ 
form and not severe. Butter is worth 25@30 
cts. per lb., and cheese 15@20 cts. And, what 
may astonish most of your readers, nearly all 
the cheese we have comes from Jefferson and 
Chautauque Co’s., N. Y., and from the Western 
Reserve in Ohio, while most of our butter comes 
from Illinois. I should suppose that some of 
quj* young New York farmers, who are now 
dairying on land worth $75 per acre, and sell¬ 
ing their butter and cheese for one half what 
they would bring here, could do well to come 
up here and go into the business. I don’t think 
there is a regular dairy farm in the county of 
Dubuque. 
The great thing here is speculation. Every 
man wants to speculate—wants to own one or 
two, or a dozen sections of Government land, 
and speculate on them ; whereas, in my humble 
opinion, were they to improve the half or fourth 
of the land they own, they would be far better 
off, besides doing the community at large some 
good. At present prices, it costs more to live 
in Dubuque than it does in Rochester, or even 
in New York. But, then, our farmers ought to 
grow rich at these prices, and they do, when 
they half cultivate their lands. 
There is one consolation about the matter 
there will not be any Government lands long, in 
Iowa, as one or two years more will use up all 
that are worth having. There are now no offi¬ 
ces open here, or in Minnesota, for entry, only 
for pre-emptions—but we hope soon to have the 
one at Ft. Dodge open for entry. Perhaps all 
Qp your readers don’t understand these teims. 
Let me explain a little. In Minnesota there 
never has been but little land in market, but 
any one wishing land must go onto if,and make 
some improvement, such as erecting a house, 
making fences, &c.,on over 160 acres only, or as 
it is generally called, a “ quarter section.” The 
man doiDg this is called a pre-emptor ; he gets 
160 acres only, except he buys out some neigh¬ 
bor at an advanced price. The land costs the 
pre-emptor $1,25 per acre, but he, the pre-emp- 
must take an oath that he enters the land 
for his ownuse and occupation, and not for spec¬ 
ulation. Land speculators have no chance in 
Minnesota, except in making towns, to which 
they devote all their attention. But, in Iowa, 
we can buy as much land as we choose, provi¬ 
ding we deposit the “ hard coin ’’ with the Re¬ 
ceiver. At present, however, our Land Offices 
are all closed, on account of the grant of lands 
to the Railroads. 
But, Messrs. Editors, not to weary you, if any 
of our young New York farmers wish to emi¬ 
grate, we have cheap lands, and plenty of them, 
a fine healthy climate, and a high price for 
every product of the farm. Yours tiuly, 
Dubuque, Oct., 1856. A. E. Harmon. 
Remarks.— The above letter is from an intel¬ 
ligent and enterprising gentleman, (formerly a 
farmer in this county and known by many of 
our readers in this section,) whose statements 
and opinions are entitled to confidence. He 
has resided in Iowa for several years, and is 
probably well informed relative to the matters 
discussed in his communication.— Eds. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
NOV. 8. 
TUMORS ON CATTLE. 
There are two kinds of tumors, or wens, 
which appear on the jaws of cattle ; and they 
are almost always caused by some bruise on 
the jaw, or defective teeth, which ulcerate the 
jaw bone, producing the tumor. 
The bone tumor, or wen, generally appears on 
the jaw, which will sometimes enlarge until it 
has attained the size of a man’s head, eating 
holes through the jaw in a few months. These 
are always hard as a bone, and can never be 
cured. 
The fleshy wen, or tumor, may be cured by 
cutting out, when about the size of a small 
hen’s egg. If taken in time, they seldom injure 
the cattle, on which they appear. 
In March, 1850, one of my cows was hooked, 
while in her stall, by another cow; and in at¬ 
tempting to escape through the rack, hurt her 
jaw, as I suppose; for, in a few days a small 
lump appeared, and increased in size until June, 
when it broke, smelling very offensively. An 
escliarotic of caustic potash (potash as it comes 
from the works) was applied, daily, during the 
summer, with little, or no benefit. During the 
following Autumn and Winter, as she was with 
calf, I applied nothing to it. It was with diffi¬ 
culty, that she could eat hay, or straw, and so I 
fed her meal. After she had dropped her calf, 
I let it suck all the milk, as we were afraid to 
use it, for any other purpose. As soon as her 
milk began to flow, the tumor, which was partly 
dried up, and to appearance healing, began 
again to run, and inspired an extreme repug¬ 
nance ; and the ordure of her calf smelled 
quite as offensively, as the wen itself. We dried 
up her milk, as soon as the calf was old enough 
to wean. I turned the cow into the highway, 
when the grass appeared in the spring of 1851, 
to live or die, as the fates had decreed. Lean 
and horribly emaciated, she improved, in con¬ 
dition, on grass, so that in September she was 
in thriving order. I then fed her meal for about 
a month, letting her run in good pasture ; under 
which treatment, she became so very poor, that 
she was knocked in the head, and what little 
flesh and bones remained were buried in the 
soil. The defective jaw bone is now in my 
shop, kept as a curiosity; and is full of holes, 
little excrescences, having the appearance of 
some fossil remains, that are half decayed. Since 
that time I have seen several oxen, having simi¬ 
lar wens ; and they were very difficult to fatten. 
I.akc Ridge, Tompkins Co., N. Y. S. Edwards Todd. 
A CALF STORY: 
OR, PATRICIAN vs. PLEBIAN BLOOD. 
Our amateur farmer and stock fancier, Joseph 
Weight, having strong faith in Bovine lineage, 
took pains to send a fine red cow of simple ped¬ 
igree to the famed grey imported bull of S. P. 
Chapman, at Clockville, Madison Co. He was 
afterwards assured by Mr. C. that if the calf 
should be small and not otherwise realize his 
first expectations, it would improve and “ come 
out right in the end.” The cow was placed 
with Garret Loverige, a shrewd Yankee farm¬ 
er, three miles south of this village. Among 
the many good things Mr. L. had learned from 
his Pennsylvania German neighbors and en¬ 
grafted on bis farming, were also some of their 
egotistical prejudices against book farming, im¬ 
proved breeds of stock, swine, <fcc. Hence Air. 
Loverige verily believed that all was in the 
keeping of stock, and nothing in the breed ; but 
as a true Yankee is never quite satisfied until 
he is certain he is right, he adopted the exper¬ 
iment of changing Wright’s blood heifer calf at 
its birth, with one of the same gender dropped 
only four days before by one of his Dutch cows 
—well knowiog that Mr. Wright would give 
his calf the very best of keeping, while the 
blood calf would only have the ordinary keep¬ 
ing of his other farm stock. This experiment 
would at least test the fact whether a plebian 
calf, if extra well fed, would not grow into a 
better cow, than a blood calf with ordinary 
keeping. 
When Air. Wright came to take home his 
cow and calf he told Loverige that he was 
rather disappointed in its big Dutch tail and 
other marks of scrub origin ; but as Air. Chap¬ 
man had told him that it would “ come right" at 
maturity, he now took the best care of the cow, 
until she weaned her calf, and then the young 
blood, as he supposed it to be, was fed and 
pampered in order to bring out its good quali¬ 
ties at maturity. But all his care and feeding 
was vain. After she had her first calf he was 
so chagrined at her poor milking qualities that 
he sold her and her calf to the butcher. Now 
Loverige made known all the facts of the case 
to his own neighbors, and brought to Air. W. 
his own Clockville sired calf in the shape of a 
beautiful red cow, which I need not say elicited 
from Wright more astonishment and delight 
than he would have exhibited had a rich friend 
died suddenly, leaving him heir to a large es¬ 
tate. The very sight of such a fine-limbed, 
graceful, gentle animal, to say nothing of her 
round, plump bag, shook the faith of all the 
Fayette Weibstevte in their old Pennsylvania 
breeds, and Loverige was cured of his pre¬ 
judices against book farming and fancy breeds 
forever. < s. w. 
Waterloo, N. Y.,' Oct. 28, 1856. 
Water to be Elevated. —I wish to ask of you 
or some of your numerous subscribers, the best 
plan for forcing water up an acclivity of some 
twenty rods, with perhaps fifteen or twenty 
feet fall in the distance. Said water is a valu¬ 
able spring that I wish to bring to my door. I 
don’t think there is water enough to work a 
hydraulic ram.—S. J. Bates, Grand Blanc, Mich. 
[How would a force pump, worked by a 
small wind-mill, answer ?j 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
plural fotts anti Jtrns. 
DRAWING WATER UP HILL. 
Eds. Rural :—We have a mode of drawing 
water up a hill which we think has its conve- American Pomological Society.— The official 
niences. My dwelling stands fifty feet above abstract of the Proceedings and Discussions at 
and one hundred and twenty from a spring, the recent session of this Association com- 
We obtain the water by running a car on a posed of the most able and intelligent Horti- 
track made by nailing boards to the top of posts, culturists of the Union is concluded in this 
The edges of the boards are raised sufficiently number. It forms altogether the most correct 
above the posts to clear the flange of the wheel, and complete report published, and will not 
The wheels of the car are of two-inch plank, only prove interesting and instructive at the 
The flange is made by nailing a wheel of a present moment, but especiallly valuable for 
larger size, of inch board, to the plank wheel, future reference. Though it has precluded us 
The reach is an iron bar, and must be long from giving our usual variety on the third page 
enough to let the hind wheels drop over into f° r several weeks, we think none will regret the 
the spring while the forward ones stand upon timely publication of a record which must prove 
the track. Fasten a snap, such as is used on of great interest and value to the majority of 
harness, to the reach just forward of the hind our readers in all sections of the country. It is 
axletree ; on this we hook a tin pail made large proper to add that our abstract is derived from 
at top and small at bottom, with a light weight the report of Alessrs. Jas. Vick and Jno. B. 
hung at the back and upper edge of the pail. Eaton, the official Secretaries gentlemen who 
We draw with a windlass and it dips and works possess peculiar qualification for such a position- 
well.—C. W. Woolston, Perinton, Monroe Co., -«•—•>- 
N. Y., 1856. Good Canada Flour.—F or the past montl^ 
HOW TO START locust trees. whenever our feet have been extended under 
Mr. Editor :-By your last paper I see that our own cherr ^ or we ha ™ partaken 
Mr. Niles, of Iowa, wishes some information of bread ’ b f cult ’ cake ’ etc ’ tbe P romi “ ent in ‘ 
about raising locust trees, and you want some f edient where ° f was der ; ved f £ m a barrel 
of your readers to answer him. I can inform dour f e f atedU8 by °°\ Q ; ^ ® 00DHUK ’ ° f 
him, as I have been “thar.” Take the seed Brantford ’ C. W. To say that the flour proves 
about the time of planting corn, and put them g ood is Dot enough-it is superior; and the 
in boiling hot water; let them cool off, and then commlttea ’ ^eluding many friends 
, , . , . o „ 4 . /• , and strangers to whom our good fortune in re¬ 
plant them in rows about 8 feet apart (in good . . 8 ... . * . , _ . ... „ 
r ,, , . , , , c ■ , ■ ., ceiving the liberal supply of “ the staff of life 
mellow ground,) and about 6 inches in the row. 8 . , , „ 
. . ,, . . ■ ,, was related, report favorably thereupon. Some 
There is no more trouble in raising them than . f / r 
corn, if you will keep the prairie chickens off. 
of the committee thought the editor of the Ru- 
’ f m i ral very lucky, and the Colonel a whole-souled 
The seed can be had in Chicago. The borer is J . 
,, , , . , gentleman and excellent iudge of flour — all 
playing sad havoc among the locust trees here 8 . . ... 
i J 8 ■ ,, r which we conceded without argument. The 
and will take them all, I guess. . . , , . 
„ , , flour is certainly of excellent quality, and con- 
I like your paper very much, and may you \ ’ 
r , . -noTir firms our previously entertained and expressed 
prosper in your enterprise.—E. S. Williams, . . r . , K . . . 
*. _ J „ rtl , orc opinion as to the ability of our trans-Ontano 
Morris, Grundy Co., III., Oct., 1856. , , , 
c _ friends in the production of superior bread- 
the English fluke fotato. stuffs. The Colonel’s kind remembrance is of 
Eds. Rural :—I agree with you in placing course appreciated, 
the “Fluke Potato” among the “varieties that 
promise well"—having tested it by two years’ The Indiana State Fair, held at Indianapo- 
trial. I had only one to begin with—and now lis week before last, appears to have been emi- 
have only reserved some half a peck for seed— nently successful — a noteworthy improvement, 
for we all wanted to try them. We did so, both in most if not all respects, upon any previous 
boiled and baked, and the verdict was unani- exhibition in the Hoosier State. Correspond- 
mous in their favor. There were some outland- ents speak in glowing terms of the character of 
ish-shaped specimens among mine, but the most the exhibition — the fine display, large attend- 
were fair and handsome, and the yield fully ance and receipts, and great improvement 
equal to other kinds, considering the drouth, manifested in the stock and other departments, 
dec. The tops were very small—only from six The number of entries was upwards of 3,000, 
to ten inches high —and I think they would and the receipts unexpectedly large —$6,000 
bear quite close planting.—B., Niagara Co. being taken on Wednesday alone. Indiana is 
_^__ really progressing, and we congratulate our nu- 
british cattle for the united states, merous readers therein on the marked improve- 
- ment indicated by the result of their Fifth An- 
During the past week there were shipped ual R ura i Holiday. 
from Liverpool for New York, a most valuable _ ^ _ 
cargo of horses, cattle, sheep and pigs. Promi- ^ Steam Plow. —The application of steam to 
cargo of horses, cattle, sheep and pigs. 1 ronn- ^ Steam Plow. —The application of steam to 
nent among the cattle was a young cow called p] ow j n g ls destined to prove successful, and will 
Darlington Sixth, by a son of Giand Duke, ere i 0B g produce as great a revolution in agri- 
bought at Mr. baiusbury s sale in August for cu it; ure ^ it has already in locomotion. This is 
300 guineas; and a ^;ry fine heifer, Maiie 0 ur belief, albeit the attempts heretofore made 
Louise, by Mr. Booth s Hopewell, purchased at ^ accom pii 8 h the object have proved unsuccess- 
a recent sale in Ireland. 3 here weie also three ^ Among recent allusions to the subject, we 
first class heifers from the unrivalled herd of obgerye the f 0 u 0W i ng hopeful item in a letter to 
Colonial Towneley, of Towneley-hall, in Lan- Qj nc j nna ti paper, written from the Indiana 
cashire,—Buttercup Second, by Horatio, from g Late p a ; r . 
Rosette,— Miss Butterfly, by Master Butterfly, <(The ^ ^ q{ Baltimore> which has 
from Rosa, anc eai et e, y aeon, lom crea ^ e( j ^ muc h excitement at the Eastern ex^- 
Ringlet. he price given or iese ree ei ers jAhitions, is here, a nd is attracting much atten- 
was 1,000 guineas, although only just turned 
It is a land locomotive, with plows at¬ 
one vear old. Two of them are descended on ' . . „ . , , , 
J , tached, and in a clear field tears up the ground 
the dam’s side from the same family as the fa- . r t 
“ at a terrific rate. As almost any number of 
mous bull Master Butterfly, which animal was , . , , .. .. 
J’ . plows can be drawn by it, there is no doubt that 
sold for Australia, in July, at 1,200 guineas.— F. . . , w , 
’ „ J ’ .. it will come into general use upon our Western 
Miss Butterfly was the first heifer calf by him. . . , , . „, \ „ , 
* j -L prairies, where lands are “ broken up by con- 
Pearlette is descended from Mr. Booth 8 Brace- f , ’ ... , , ~ , • 
e , , , . . r tract. It will not be successful, we think, in 
lett. one of the most celebrated prize cows of . . .. , . 
uucu. no *; ._ any other kind of plowmg, being entirely too 
her day: and for the dam of this heifer Mr. J . . , / , °°. 
nei , costly and unwieldy for ordinary farming pur- 
Douglas recently gave Mr.Towneley 500 guineas. eg „ 
These animals have been purchased by Mr. ‘_ 4 # _ 
Strafford, of London, for Mr. Thorne, of New n . ... 
’ , , . . -i , r How to Keep Cider Sweet— lswliataMich- 
York, one of the most enterprising breeders of . . 
, , •_, , igan subscriber desires to know, and he asks 
that country. There were also consigned for 8 , ,, _ 
, J ~ 0 , v the reader of the Rural who is posted to lm- 
this gentleman some very fine Southdown sheep, . r .. 
8 , , TT , „ part “some method of preserving cider sweet, 
purchased at the Hengrave sale, as well as some 1 , .f . ., 6 .. 
v n ,, . Also, of clarifying boiled cider, or cider mo- 
of the best Berkshire and Essex pigs that we „ rr j 
, , , T , mi lasses. He adds—“Ihere are many receipes 
ever saw leave the port of Liverpool. Fhe ., , r , 
, , , r ,, r , , , c n, for preserving cider, such as the use of mustard, 
Berkshires were from the famed stocks of Mr. ^ 8 ’ 
, _ ,i -n • charcoal, lime, etc., but. 1 have never found 
Hewer and Mr. Overman; the Essex pigs were ’ ’ ’ „ ,, 
, . , , , , them adequate to the purpose. The matter 
bred bv Mr. Crisp, and included the prize boar . * , . 1 1 
J , , ‘ ,, i is seasonable, and any one who can answer 
at Chelmsford, as well as some young sows, also ... , ' ,, , , . 
How to Keep Cider Sweet —is what a Mich- 
shown there. With the above there were ship¬ 
ped some splendid Southdown sheep from Mr. 
Lugar’s flock, as well as the shearling ram 
definitely will undoubtedly confer a favor and 
benefit upon many of our readers. 
— Speaking of cider, it is not long since we 
bought at his sale for 80 guineas. These are received an advertisement from some wiseacre 
for Mr R. A. Alexander, of Kentucky, a gen- the Keystone State, offering to send a receipe 
tleman whose name stands high as a great pur- for preserving cider sweet, on receipt of the 
chaser of our best animals, and who, in a recent modest sum of fi ve dollars 1 Notwithstanding 
visit to this country, bought the celebrated ^ man’s generosity, we were constrained to 
horse Scythian, by Orlando, winner of the returnthemoneyhewishedtoinvestinadver- 
Derby (by Touchstone,) one of the best stallions rising through the Rural, as we ,have of late 
this country ever produced, whose pedigree and man y others who desired to exhibit 
performances are well known in the sporting their patriotism in a similar manner. We insist 
world. He was winner of the following prizes : u P oa belD g excused from participating in such 
Newmarket Stakes, £350 ; Dee Stakes, Chester, benevolent enterprises. 
£750 ; Goodwood Stakes, £950 ; the Newmar- ‘ 
ket Royal Stakes, £1240; the Chester Cup, Stump Machines.— We continue to receive 
£2775 ; Stockton, £530 ; Goodwood, £539.— inquiries as to where a good, or the best stump 
This valuable horse, for which Mr. Alexander machine can be obtained, at what price, Ac. In 
gave 1,500 guineas, accompanies the above cattle, addition to what we have heretofore given on 
under the charge of Mr. Beck, and is consigned the subject, the following note from Mr. Wm. 
through the Messrs. Tattersall. Some cattle and Bush, of Canisteo, N. Y.,—whom we presume 
sheep were also sent by Mr. Wythes for a house to be a disinterested and reliable person—im- 
in New York. The entire arrangements for parts definite information as to one machine : 
the shipment were made by Mr. Bell, of the “ I have several times observed in the Rural, 
Adelplii Stables, Liverpool, and were of the inquiries about stump machines. The best 
the shipment were made by Mr. Bell, of the “ I have several times observed in the Rural, 
Adelplii Stables, Liverpool, and were of the inquiries about stump machines. The best 
most complete character, being such as to reflect machine on account of its power, durability and 
the greatest credit upon the care and attention simplicity, is a lever built by R. II. Hall, of 
of this gentleman .—Liverpool Times, 18 th Oct. Owego, N.Y. Price, with connections to reach 
_- ten rods, $250. Mr. Hall warrants his ma- 
To manure, or lime wet lands, is to throw chines to give satisfaction, and from what I can 
manure, lime and labor away. hear of them they generally do so.” 
Preparing Poultry for Market. —The “pow¬ 
ers that be,” having decreed that, on the 20th 
inst., the sovereign people of New York are to 
have a good time, and as fat turkeys, geese and 
chickens are, in the “order of arrangements,” 
necessary to the practical fulfillment of the ob¬ 
jects designated in this, the day for both matured 
and juvenile America, the period of “ stall-feed¬ 
ing,” for the animals mentioned is fully at hand. 
Each chicken fancier, doubtless, is possessed of 
his own notions on the subject of fattening, 
nevertheless we will furnish one or two modes 
by way of hurrying matters along. Fowls may 
be brought into readiness for action in four or 
five days by the following process Set some 
rice over the fire with skimmed milk, as much 
only as will serve one day. Let it boil till the 
rice is swelled out; add a teaspoonful of sugar. 
Feed the fowls four or five times a day in pans, 
and give them as much each time as will fill 
them. Great care must be taken that they 
have nothing sour given them, as that prevents 
their fattening. Give them cleaD water or milk 
from rice to drink. By this method the flesh 
will have a clear whiteness. Turkejs should 
never be allowed to get poor. Cramming can¬ 
not be performed with the same success and 
readiness upon them as in the case of chickens. 
Corn meal, boiled in milk, will fatten them in 
a short time whether they are cooped up or run¬ 
ning about. Cooked carrots or turnips are eaten 
by them with avidity. The meal of buck¬ 
wheat, oais, barley or beans, incorporated with 
potatoes and fed fresh will fatten them with 
rapidity. Care and cleanliness should be ex¬ 
ercised—the dishes in which the food is placed 
be kept sweet—for should there be any acidity 
or sourness they soon become repulsive to fowls. 
Care in Agriculture. —The Homestead has 
an able article on Care, from which we extract 
the following :—“ Care is the sine qua non of 
good farming or good anything else. The curse 
of New England farming is the loose, thriftless 
manner in which all its operations are conduct¬ 
ed ; and so long as the present habit of man¬ 
agement prevails, all the knowledge of all the 
schools cannot redeem agriculture from its de¬ 
pressed position. In conversation, some time 
since, with a distingnished sheep breeder of the 
State, we were much impressed with the views 
expressed by him in reference to sheep breed¬ 
ing. In order to succeed in that important in¬ 
terest, he represents the first thing to be care, 
the second care, the third CARE; agreeing 
fully in this view, we have considered the man¬ 
ner in which this same care applies to every 
other branch of agriculture, and are most fully 
of the opinion that if the farmers of our State 
would become careful farmers, they would soon 
become scientific farmers. Care, the first requi¬ 
site for sure success, will assuredly beget the 
desire for thorough scientific knowledge, and 
this demand will be imperative ; and happy 
indeed will be that State, the demands of whose 
population in this respect can be met; from 
whose universities and technical schools, and 
from the humbler institutions of learning in 
every town and district a flood of light can be 
poured to direct, to lighten and lessen the labors 
of the husbandman. This depends upon the 
exercise of care in these labors ; will this care 
be exercised ? Yes, surely it will, for the time 
rapidly approaches, nay, is now present, when 
without it the farmer must and will sink to the 
level of the mere laborer, call him farmer, peas¬ 
ant, serf, or slave. Without care, and the 
knowledge which is needed for its exercise, 
they stand on one dead level. Knowledge is 
the life of labor.” 
Genesee County Fair. —This year’s exhibi¬ 
tion has been the crowning glory of the Gene¬ 
see County Agricultural Society. Being en¬ 
gaged at another County Show we did not wit¬ 
ness it, but from those who did, we learn that in 
the number of entries, and of people attending, 
it largely exceeded any of its predecessors.— 
The amount received was large, yet not more 
than half of what it would have been but for 
the conduct of a certain class of farmers who 
are a disgrace to the name, and ought to be 
published. If the names of these contempt¬ 
ible persons could be posted every time they 
try to cheat the Society, or do it, it would have 
a salutary effect, and we hope to see it done 
next year. The Society has become a fixed 
fact in the feelings of the farmers, and hence¬ 
forth, Old Genesee will stand second to none of 
her sister counties in the power of her Agricul¬ 
tural Society. Major Brooks gave a very ac¬ 
ceptable address.— p. 
Close of the Fair. —The Fair of the Ameri¬ 
can Institute of New York closed on the even¬ 
ing of November 1st, after a very successful 
season. The number of visitors cannot be com¬ 
puted, but it is estimated that there were in 
the neighborhood of 20,000 on Friday, when 
there were musical attractions. On Saturday, 
too, the number of visitors was very large.— 
The total receipts this year are about $26,000, 
which equals the amount received from any 
previous exhibition. Taken as a whole, the ex¬ 
hibition just closed maintained a high charac¬ 
ter. The number of entries was about 3,200. 
Norman Horse Wanted.— In order to facili¬ 
tate the objects named, we publish the subjoin¬ 
ed extract from a letter addressed us by Wm. 
Donnan, M. D., of Burgettstown, Washington 
county, Pennsylvania: 
“We have an Ag. Society here, and have 
formed a club for importing or procuring stock. 
We want a few of the best and purest that can 
be obtained ; and particularly, now, a complete 
Norman horse. Our object at present is to get 
information as to where and how such an ani¬ 
mal could be obtained, probable cost, ordinary 
size, weight, <fec.” 
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