tling ot carts and carriages is “few and far be¬ 
tween.” 
I should like to tell you a great many other 
things about the free German city, Hamburg, but 
on looking at the date, I see Berlin staring me in 
the face, and I have been writing enough almost 
for two letters, without so much as hinting at what 
I saw in this royal city. But having yet some 
space left, I will write a few words on German life 
in Berlin. Here, if anywhere, in the largest city 
on the Continent, (with the exception of Paris,) the 
social life of the German may be best realized. 
While the wealthy aristocrat goes to the Opera or 
Royal Theatre, the middle and humbler classes 
assemble together with their families in the numer¬ 
ous “Gardens” all over the city, where, from sun¬ 
down till midnight, bands of music delight the 
ear with the most charming pieces. And what 
does all this cost? Nothing, if you please: all 
LETTERS FROM A HUNGARIAN. 
Dear Friend Moore “ Write me some letters 
from Hungary,” was, I believe, what you wished 
me to, as we bade each other farewell, and this 
I agreed to do after reaching my native land — the 
home of the brave Hungarians. But look at the 
date it will tell you that, instead of scrambling 
amid the vine-clad hills of Hungary, I am snugly 
seated at my desk in the Capital of Prussia! Well, 
I must make some explanation. Before I write 
lager bier. Here the laboring workman may be 
seen with his family, seated around a little table 
covered with bread and cheese and the never-fail¬ 
ing beer—-it is his supper; and how he relishes it 
here in the open air, surrounded by a happy circle 
of children, and delighted by the sound of music! 
Can there be a better recreation after a day’s work? 
Here, again, we behold the merchant, walking up 
and down in the garden after having been seated, 
perhaps, all day at the counter or writing-desk. 
Needs he any better refreshment ? The most prac¬ 
tical and busy Yankee, I think, will be pleased with 
this genial life as seen in the German “ Volksgar- 
ten.” But when will he imitate the example in his 
own republican land ? When will he spread the 
VALLEY OF JEHOSAPIIAT, 
“Surely there is no spot on earth like Jerusa¬ 
lem.” Here the faithful Abraham, with a confi¬ 
dence that knew no doubt, and a faith that “ laugh¬ 
ed at impossibilities,” raised his hand in obedience 
to the divine command, to sacrifice his only son — 
the child of promise and of his old age;—here the 
son of Jesse tuned his harp—here Solomon, “ar¬ 
rayed in all his glory” astonished the world by his 
magnificence and wisdom. But, a greater than 
Solomon walked its streets, climbed its mountains, 
and taught His listening disciples under the shade 
of its ancient olives. The most hallowed memo- 
ries, the most enchanting recollections spring: at 
OR KEDRON. 
galleries and a lofty dome. It is on a slightly ele¬ 
vated platform, directly beneath the skylight of 
this dome, that we find the beautiful little marble 
church containing the alleged tomb in which the 
Lord of Life lay. It is only about ten feet in 
breadth, and twenty in length and height. Its 
appearance is very finely represented in the engra¬ 
ving ; that is as it appears under ordinary circum¬ 
stances, but during festal occasions it is very 
highly decorated. 
THE WAILING PLACE. 
The Jews in Jerusalem are a down-trodden, 
mourning people. The words of Haman are as 
true now as they were when uttered at the time 
Neiiemiah attempted the- restoration of the city— 
“ The remnant that are left of the captivity, there 
in the province, are in great affliction and re¬ 
proach.” They are oppressed not only by their 
Turkish masters, and by those styling themselves 
Christians, but even by their own Rabbis. Even 
at the present time it would cost any Jew in Jeru¬ 
salem his life to venture into the Church of the 
Holy Sepulchre, or even within the outer court of 
his beloved temple. The portion of the Temple 
wall approached by a narrow lane through what 
is called the Mogrebin Quarter, is esteemed the 
most sacred of all places to which they have access, 
on account of its vicinity to the Holy of Holies, 
and there they repair every Friday—indeed, in 
greater or less numbers every day—and weep and 
pray for the advent of the Messiah. 
lie also wants to know of some of the “Boys,” 
whether figures will “ lie,” and gives an example 
which I conclude he wants explained. I will do it 
my way-(See ex.) ^ + ^ + 1-5 + 1-6=19-20, which 
lacks 1-20 of making one; or in this case $600.— 
But $30, the amount left after each son received his 
share, makes up the $600. Hence $30 must be 1-20 
of the whole sum. Now if $30 is 1-20, 20-20, or the 
whole must be 20 times $30, which is $600. So 
you see figures won’t lie when placed right. But, 
when placed as he places them to ascertain the 
solid contents of a round stick of timber, tub or 
round cistern, viz:—“/y tile article to be estimated 
is tapering, get the dimension of half the height or 
length ,” and then work according to his rule, I 
think figures will “lie.” 
I would like to sell “ Juvenis” 1,000 solid feet of 
grain for 1,000 bushels; I should cheat him out of 
some 200 bushels. Success to “Juvenis.” 
Lyme-, Ohio, Dec., 1S58. Byron. 
social feelings, rosy cheeks, and a healthy com¬ 
plexion ? Your best concerts don’t give such good 
music, though they give many a headache in the 
oft ill-ventilated halls. Yes, the German alone 
understands how to enjoy life,— social life. 
In my next, which will no doubt hail from Hun¬ 
gary, I will say a few things more about Berlin. 
Adieu, across the waters, from your friend, 
Simon Tusk a. 
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE OF JAPAN. 
While “Young America” was no doubt celebrating 
the 5th (the glorious 4th being on Sunday) in good 
old style, with a burning sun above, we (myself 
included) were wrapped in shawls and overcoats, 
and scarcely thought of any such thing as the Dec¬ 
laration of Independence. With a heavy sigh, we, 
one after another, paid homage to the raging bil- 
r oluntarily soothed their wrath by the 
digestive apparatus, 
sea-crossing, (ten years ago, 
A correspondent of the London Times, gives the 
following account of the famous city of Jeddo, in 
Japan: 
“Jeddo, without exception, is one of the finest 
cities in the world; streets broad and good, and the 
Castle, which includes nearly the whole centre of 
the town, built on a slight eminence. There are 
three walls or enclosures round this quarter.— 
Within the inner, the Tycoon Emperor and heir 
apparent live. 
The houses of the Princes and nobles are pal¬ 
aces, and you may imagine the size when some 
contain 10,000 followers. They are built in regular 
order, forming wide streets some 40 yards broad, 
kept in perfect order; an immense court-yard with 
trees and gardens, forms the centre of each enclo¬ 
sure, in the midst of which is the house of the 
owner; the houses containing the followers, ser¬ 
vants, stables, &c., form this large enclosure. 
They are built of one uniform shape. The gate¬ 
ways leading to the court-yard are exceedingly 
handsome, of massive wood work, ornamented 
with lacquer and other devices. From the road 
that leads by the moat to the second wall is one of 
the finest views I ever recollect seeing—on one side 
the Gulf of Jeddo, with the high hills rising be¬ 
yond, while on the other is a portion of the great 
city of Jeddo with its trees and gardens, pictur¬ 
esque temples, and densely crowded streets, extend¬ 
ing as far as the eye can reach towards the interior; 
then there is a view of the trees and green fields in 
the distance, far away beyond a thickly built 
suburb; but the most striking view of all is that 
close by, the well-kept green banks of the second 
defence, rising some 10 feet from the broad moat 
below, with grand old cedars over a hundred years 
of age growing from its sides. The fine timber, 
the lay of the ground, the water lilies in the moat, 
the grandeur, good order and completeness of 
everything, equal, and in some ways far surpass, 
anything I have evor seen in Europe or any part of 
the world. 
We made an expedition into the country. The 
cottages were surrounded with neatly clipped 
hedges, the private residences as well railed and 
kept as any place in England. The same complete¬ 
ness and finish exist in everything. 
was permitted to make oath in a Mahommedan 
court of Justice, nor could he own a foot of land. 
Death was the penalty inflicted on a Mahommedan 
who should forsake the religion of his fathers.— 
The late Russian 
and Anglo-French Alliance, 
have exerted a humanizing effect on the Turkish 
government. They seem to have discovered tho 
important fact that they are not independent of the 
European powers; and that they cannot trample 
with impunity upon the rights of men, nor treat as 
dogs the citizens of other and better lands. A salu¬ 
tary and wonderful change has been made, and now 
lows, and inv 
yet undigested contents of our 
Though no tyro in 
when I emigrated to America, I was full eight 
■as nevertheless compelled, 
are my submis- 
sea-sickness. I don’t 
know if anybody has ever written on the subject— 
but if a little practical advice be not out of place, I 
would here add what seems to be the best preventive. 
W katever may be the cause of this evil, it is certain 
that the close, damp atmosphere below deck very 
much tends to aggravate it; while a brisk, rapid 
walk on deck, in the cool, fresh sea-breeze, will not 
only assist in the digestion of the food, but also 
counteract the upward movement produced by the 
rocking of the vessel. Rain or shine, calm or 
storm, whenever you feel a state of excitement in 
your stomach, run on deck, exercise your body as 
does the driver waiting for passengers at the corner 
of the street on a cold winter’s day (and it is gen¬ 
erally cold enough when the ship is rocking, tho’ 
it be in the summer season). I speak from the 
experience of myself and many other passengers; 
and had I had an oil-cloth coat, I should not have been 
sea-sick, even on the fifth; but the rain prevented 
me from being on deck, and so I was soon over¬ 
powered by the example set by fellow passengers. 
Speaking of the passengers, I cannot help remark- 
Messrs. Eds.: —In answer to an inquiry from a 
“ Young Farmer,” I will give my advice for break¬ 
ing steers. Prepare a yard, say twenty feet square, 
board fence, posts outside, and so high that all 
hope of escape to the animal is at once given up. 
Having a light whalebone or rattan with a short 
tip of a lash,, in hand, and a few ears of corn in the 
pocket, or at hand, take the off steer alone in the 
yard and commence makin; 
him gently, following I ' 
him by degrees. Let the 
weeks on the ocean,) I w 
for one day at least, openly to deck 
sion to the nauseous ruler 
ig his acquaintance, tap 
him around, and restraining 
. —*■ word whoa be always 
distinct, hang the- bow on his neck, put it on and 
off until he is familiar with the article; then in¬ 
troduce a light yoke, that the bow will work easy, 
and let the other end down. Yoke and unyoke 
until he is completely subdued, feeding him at in¬ 
tervals, and get bis whole attention. No person 
should be in sight except the trainer. Then, take 
the near steer and go through same process, ex¬ 
cept the yoking and unyoking; get him familiar 
with the bow and yoke, and having him subdued 
to the word, or by the gentle tapping on the ear 
with the whip. Now yoke up the pair;—bring 
the near one under the yoke with the whip. Yoke 
and unyoke, say fifty times. 
Keeping him always in reach of the whip, and 
holding the end of the yoke with your left hand, 
start him out forward and bring him around you, 
and under the yoke again, learning him to stop at 
the word and when the yoke touches his neck. 
The bow, when taken out, will be placed on his 
neck, so that he may' carry it around — bring 
him around by the motion of the whip, sending 
him occasionally around the other steer, and al¬ 
ways bringinghim under thejyoke. Steers will gen¬ 
erally give up on the firshdesson. Learning them 
to draw is a small matter, commencing with the 
chain, and loading by degrees, and never over¬ 
load. The great secret is perseverance and kind¬ 
ness, discarding all harsh means—and his teach¬ 
ings should be followed up from day to day until 
completely under command. £ E. N. Thomas. 
py as much land as they may desire, on terms so 
extremely liberal as to accomodate the poorest, and 
astonish a Yankee land speculator. 
These, and other events which we will not now 
mention, have directed especial attention to the 
land of Judea, and its chief city, and to gratify the 
earnest desire for knowledge on the subject, we 
design to present our readers with a series of illus¬ 
trated sketches of scenes in and about Jerusalem. 
For the engravings we are indebted to James 
Challen & Son, publishers of the “ City of the 
Great King,” a most excellent work, upon which 
we shall draw largely for the subject matter of 
these sketches. 
CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. 
Over the spot where it was supposed the Savior 
was buried, a magnificient pile of buildings, known 
as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was erected 
by order of Constantine, and finished and dedica¬ 
ted in 335. This building was destroyed in 614 
by the Persian and Jewish army under Chosroes 
II. Another series of buildings was, however, 
soon erected on the site of the former, which re¬ 
mained until 969, when they were burned by order 
of the Arabs. The church was again rebuilt in 
1048, but in a much less imposing style than for¬ 
merly, and in this state it was found by the Cru¬ 
saders in 1099. It was soon enlarged and beauti- 
The place frequented for this purpose-, is called 
the Wailing Place, and the engraving shows 
the disconsolate Jews engaged in this mournful 
service, which is described by an eye-witness as 
being affecting even unto tears. 
VALLEY OF JEHOSAPHAT, OR KEOROX. 
The valley commencing on the north-west Of 
Jerusalem, in two gentle depressions, and encom¬ 
passing the city on the north and east, terminating 
at its junction with another similar valley, is the 
Kedron of the Bible and Josephus; but is called 
Jehosaphat by Jews, Christians and Mahomme- 
dans. This designation of the valley seems to date 
far back, but is equally gratuitous and absurd 
whether due to the mistaken notion that this valley 
is alluded to by Joel in his prophecy about the 
“Valley of the Judgment of God,” ( Yehosaphat ,) 
or to the equally mistaken idea that King Jehosa¬ 
phat was buried in the tomb that now bears his 
name, for not only is the term a general, instead 
of a specific one, and the valley far too limited to 
contain even a ten-thousandth part of “ all nations” 
of Joel, but we are expressly informed that Je¬ 
hosaphat was buried in the city of David. The 
l alley of Jehosaphat, or Decision, as described in 
the Bible, is in all probability the great Valley of 
Megiddo or Armageddon, the wide nlain of Esdrae- 
lon, where so many important battles have been 
fought by Jews, Assyrians, Turks, Saracens, 
Franks, &c. 
That the Valley of Kedron, was known as Jeho- 
sophat, of which we give an engraving, was used 
as a place of sepulture, according to the repeated 
declarations of Scripture, the tombs that abound 
throughout its length and breadth amply testify. 
"\ ineyards, fig-yards, and olive-yards, gardens and 
patches of green, occupy the entire extent. It 
may have been called Kedron, or Filthy, which is 
the meaning ot the word, on account of receiving 
the blood and other offal from the Temple. Rabbi 
Akaba says there was a certain cave or cess-pool 
beneath the altar, whereby filth and uncleanness 
was carried down into the Valley of Kedron; and 
mans, with only a few Americans, Frenchmen, 
Folanders and Hungarians. Such a steamer is an 
excellent preparatory school for life in Germany. 
As we lay too off Southampton, most of the 
foreigners, (for so the Americans and English may 
be called in comparison with the majority,) left us, 
and in forty hours afterwards we entered the mouth 
of the Elbe. As we passed the romantic summer 
residences of the rich Hamburg merchants, the 
waving of handkerchiefs on the shore, told us of 
the hospitality of the German, who gladly welcomes 
the stranger coming from the “ land of the free.” 
In Hamburg our trunks were not visited; but 
on riding past the custom-house, the question was 
merely asked whether we had anything besides 
what was for our own personal use; and on our 
answering “ No,” the driver was told to “ go ahead ” 
and we were soon in the heart of the great com¬ 
mercial city of Germany. Almost the very first thing 
that attracts the comer from America, is the walk¬ 
ing of pedestrians in the middle of the road. 
People of all classess, rich and poor, ladies as well 
as gentlemen, may be seen walking alternately on 
the sidewalk, or in the middle of the street behind 
a wagon. At first sight this seems strange indeed, 
in a city like Hamburg. But when you take into 
consideration the circumstance that the sidewalks 
are often very narrow, while the “Broadway” is 
paved with smooth stones, and by no means so full 
with vehicles as the world-renowned Broadway of 
your Empire City, you will easily account for the 
zig-zag walk of pedestrians, now dodging the vehi¬ 
cles on the road—now avoiding the crowd on the 
narrow trottoir ^ Were therein Hamburg such a 
street as Broadway, or even as the business portion 
of Main and Buffalo streets, in your own “ Flour 
City,” it would well nigh be impossible to walk 
out as the Hamburg pedestrians do. But, as it is, 
there is no such thing as a “business street” in 
Hamburg. “It is all business,” said a German 
friend ot mine, but not being concentrated in a 
focus, as in many American n;_ a 
THE OLD SCHOOL-HOUSE. 
The Land of Contraries. —In Australia, the 
north is the hot wind, and the south the cool; the 
westerly the most unhealthy, and the east the most 
salubrious; it is summer with the colonists when 
it is winter at home, and the barometer is consid¬ 
ered to rise before bad weather, and to fall before 
good; the swans are black, and the eagles are 
white; the mole lays eggs and has a duck’s bill; 
the kangaroo, an animal between the deer and the 
squirrel, has five claws on his fore paws, three 
talons on his hind legs, like a bird, and yet he hops 
on his tail. There is a bird (me liphaga) which 
has a broom in its mouth instead of a tongue: a 
fish, one-half belonging to the genus rara, and the 
other that of squalus. The cod is found in the 
ii\ci, and the perch in the sea; the valleys are 
cold, and the mountain tops warm; the nettle is a 
lofty tree, and the poplar a dwarfish shrub; the 
cherry grows with stone outside; the fields are 
fenced with mahogany; the humblest house is 
fitted up with cedar, and the myrtle plants are 
burnt tor fuel; the trees are without fruit, the 
flowers without scent, and birds without son«-. 
That was a neat little house that stood in the 
quiet vale. Many were the days we played be¬ 
neath those lofty elms, and gathered flowers from 
the banks of the sparkling stream that wended its 
way through margins of moss until it poured its 
crystal contents into the majestic river. The 
place where our young ideas were first developed, 
and where each plastic character was moulding 
for time and eternity. There we were accustomed 
to meet from day to day, and have offered to us 
those cool and refreshing draughts from the Pierian 
spring. Memory lends her power and 
“ Calls back the vanished days to rapture given, 
When Love was bliss, and Beauty formed our heaven ; 
Or dear to youth portrays each childish scene, 
Those fairy bowers where all in turn have been.” 
Many, in future years, whose names, perhaps, 
may be celebrated in history, or named in song 
for the noble deeds done to their country, may 
look upon that house as the place where they re¬ 
ceived the first impulse which urged them onward 
to future greatness. To those who have become 
inmates of classic halls, the world will never seem 
brighter than when they ramble through the green 
fields with their playfellows, and unravelled the 
mysteries of their daily task, and shared unre¬ 
servedly their boyish confidence. 
Hereafter when called upon to stem the current 
of life’s busy cares, O, may their bark glide as 
smoothly as did their tiny canoe adown the limpid 
rivulet by the Old School House. 
“ But if through the course of the years that await me, 
Some new scene of pleasure should open to view, 
I will say, while with rapture the thought shall elate me, 
O, such were the days which my infancy knew.” 
Sunny Farm, 1858. Lillie. 
Wisdom allows nothing to be good, that will not 
be so forever; no man to be happy, but he that 
needs no other happiness than what is within him¬ 
self; no man to be great or powerful, that is not 
master of himself.— Seneca. 
That was a beautiful idea expressed by a Chris¬ 
tian lady on her death-bed. In reply to a remark 
of her brother who was taking leave of her to 
return to his distant residence, that he should 
probably never again meet her in the land of the 
living,— she answered: — “Brother, I trust we 
shall meet in the land of the living. We are now 
in the land of the dying.” 
Tasso replied to a proposition that he should 
take vengeance on a man who had injured him, “ I 
do not wish to deprive him either of his goods, his 
honor, or his life. I only wish to deprive him of 
his ill-will.” 
