wm i ivi v 
warfml 
it u 
I % 
j&i? 
fag SM • 7 ^^ST- 
BSMISWi 
mm 
Wte ■' 
a ap 
TWO DOLLARS -A. YEAR.] 
PROGRESS AKD IAXTROVEIATTGTLTL’ 
[ SIJSTGIIYE NO. FOUR CENTS. 
VOL. X. NO. ll.f 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.,—FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 1859. 
{WHOLE NO. 479. 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
The loss by shrinkage, rot, &c., is great, and potato. If planted for a late or medium crop, upon 
whether the advance, as a general thing, will pay strong, rich, ground, it grows so rapidly and to so 
for the loss, we leave our readers to decide with great a size, that many of them will be liollow- 
A CHAPTER ON FARM GATES. 
A good gate is an “ institution” upon the farm 
plain. First take a round post and set it firmly in 
the ground, then make your gate with a scantling, 
3 by 3 at one end, and 2 by 3 at the other, for the 
above. 
NEW VARIETIES—PEACH BLOW AND BUCKEYE 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. tion9 after baving given the facts hearted, which, of course, impairs their quality for the merits of which have never been sufficiently top rail—make your heel piece of 3 by 4 scantling. 
rnllmirTC _ DV _ _ _ Mr .-.op „ bove ’ ° the table. The early crop of last summer sold in recognized by a tithe of those who make daily use Let the top rail of the gate run over the top of the 
conducted Hr D. l>. i. lyiuvjKt, . nn .™ ,«» «n< rT Tv this market at the hiehest rates; but when the thereof. While new, and in prime working order, post-put a % round iron pin through the top rail 
With an Able Corps of Assistan ts and Contributors. new varieties .' ' V' . later crops of Mercers and Peach. Blows became the possessor has rubbed his hands good-naturedly, and into the centre of the post, thus forming the 
TERMS, IN ADVANCE: The best varieties or cu iva ion is; an impor an tfae late plantcd Buckeyes were not con- congratulating himself upon the advance he has top hinge. For the bottom hinge match upon the 
f • tv Tnriihajmd q uestl0n > an V>e ^ 0u # . ^ ‘ ix S i sidered tlieir equal in quality _ but as an early taken towards farm neatness and economy — with heel piece, about 6 inches from the bottom, a piece 
Two Dollars a Year—-$ 1 for six months. To Clubs ana nfl ^ ff ; VA tVioir vh»wq From the higher uieir tqutu m quality uuu r 9 > r 
Agents as followsThree Copies one year, for $5; Six. and p J ,, „„ ‘ from the fact that market potato the Y S ave Promise of far excelling pride has thought how completely he has distanced of three-inch plank, 15 inches wide, edgewise, hol- 
one free to club agent, for $ 10 ; Ten, and one free, for $15; P 11CC pai 01 0 • > 1 _ all other known varieties.” ■"— such “ old logics as Farmer A., on the one side, lowing it out so as to fit the round post which forms 
Sixteen, and one free, for $22; Twenty, and one free, for they are eagerly sought by buyers for the Eastern “ and Farmer B.,” on the other. But age came on the i ower hinge. You can make a perfect gate in 
$26; Thirty-two. and two free, for $40, (or ^irty for $37 50 ) market, they are much grown by our farmers, and best varieties for new York market. _ gateg a3 we ll as men feel the “ tooth of time”- this manner without expense, and with good hinges 
they aV9 an eXCelle , nt P° ta to, though, were we dis- B. Stephens, another produce dealer in New Qr a fierce> bleak wind has racked its joints, and _ make double , singlC; or otherwise, accordingto 
Club papers sent to different Post-offices, if desired. As we P osod to be critical, we might name some faults,) York, furnishes the following article foi the Arnett - the frecdom and e i as ticity of movement have de- f ancv , in tbe usua i wa y with bevels or slats. This 
pre-pay American postage on papers sent to the British Prov- but unproductive, and quite subject to the rot. { C an Ayr iculturist, in which, it will be seen, he con- partcd —j us t as the rheumatism serves the genus ga t e will swing clear open both ways, 
inces, our Canadian agents and friends must add 12K cents Occasionally we have seen a good crop, when the demns the Buckeye most unceremoniously, giving Aomo _ and be commences patching up, a little here, Steuben County, N. Y., 1859. Prattsbuegh. 
per copy to the club rates of the Rural. The lowest price sea30 n and soil happened to be just right, but in it, we believe, a great deal worse name than it nntil tirod and wearied in snirit ("the 
.f copies sent to Europe, Ac., is $2.50-including postage. oft “ the v ic,d is ouitc light, and if d serves, for as an ea^notato there are few better. 
TERMS, IN ADVANCE; question, and we would like growers of large ex- 
Two Dollars a Year— $1 for six months. To Clubs and per i e nce to give us their views. From the higher 
Agents as follows; - Three Copies one year, for $5; Six, and weU ag frQm the f act that 
cne free to club agent, for $10; Ten, and one free, for $lo; P 11VA - P‘“ u , ’ , 
Sixteen, and one free, for $22; Twenty, and one free, for they are eagerly sought by buyers for the Eastern 
$26; Thirty-two, and two free, for $10, (or Thirty for $37,50,) market, they are much grown by our farmers, and 
and any greater number at same rate-only $1,25 per copy ^ are an excellent potato, (though, were we dis- 
—with an extra copy for every Ten Subscribers over Thirty. _ f all u s \ 
B-Ail communications, and business letters, should be would do better to grow them at one-third less things, is somewhat over-praised. 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
majority of gates rapidly fail to answer the ends for 
which they were erected, is true—that such finale 
to their operation is a law of necessity, is not the 
fact. Many who build seem to thiuk that when the 
gate “swings freely” the great difficulty is sur- 
POTATOES: 
PRICES, MARKETS AND VARIETIES. 
price per bushel. The great object which our “ As it is time for the farmers to decide what tQ thcir ti<m ig a law of necessity, is not the 
potato growers have been looking for, is a potato kinds 0 f potatoes to plant the coming season, I ^ who build seem to think that when the 
as good as the Mercer -one as highly prized in the se nd you these few remarks made up from my ex- « swings freel » tbe great difficulty is sur- 
New York market, and agood yielder. Many have perience of marketing potatoes the past year, and ^ Qunted and tbe cbief ob j; ct SO u gbt in its con- 
been attempting to raise a sort from seed with also from minute inquiries made of farmers from struction attaill ed. The first principle is over- 
these desirable qualities, and high hopes are en- different sections of the country. In the first lookcd _ a „ ate sbould be to a very great degree, 
tertainedin regard to some sorts, which we and place for New York Market we require a white Belf . sugtain f n it sb ould-every timber assisting- 
others have been very anxiously watching. It fleshed, white skinned, round or oval shaped, and ^ ^ itself 
seems that this work has, in part at least, been smooth potato, that will boil perfectly dry and form of gates in use among our 
accomplished, and a potato has been found that mealy, in addition to which the farmer wants a farmerg . g the rec t angu i ar frame. This frame, 
suits the taste of the New Yorkers as well as the good yielder, and one that will as a general thing c(ms suspen ded by one of its sides, will not 
Mercer, for which they are willing to pay even a withstand the rot. , „ .. . maintain its form-the opposite sides falling by 
higher price, and one that bears an abundant crop. From the past year s experience of all the kinds counteract this effect, the 
higher price, and one that bears an abundant crop. From the past year’s experience of all the kinds ^ we}o . M To counteract this effect', the 
This is the Peach Blow. Several years since a which have come under mv notice, I unhesitatingly an le . brace 0 " angle-tie, are called into service, 
friend traveling in Saratoga and Washington pronounce the Peach Blow* come nearest to ^ ^ ion of the tie or brace sbould be de- 
conuLe--. told, us of an excellent potato raised in these requirements for algttGjird potato It has d . material of whic h the gate is com- 
it.nt DnofiAn .inri Pnllml Kr thic nomn I hr»/»n miu] nftW is iLiO 111 market. aHU . - .. . 
dui ouoiuum. b , ^ & BATHY S RAILWAY FARM GATE. 
suppoit itself. Eds. Rural: —Inclosed I send you a drawing of 
The common form of gates in use among oui , _ J _ ,, 
farmers is the rectangular frame. This frame, w5lat wc wlU cal1 IUtuy s Railway Farm Gate 
constantly suspended bv one of its sides, will not The minor sketch exhibits one of the upright 
maintain its form-the'opposite sides falling by «. Pieces This is one of the most convenient 
their own weight. To counteract this effect, the j L g ates 1 havc secn ' Two of the mam features 
Many farmers in Western Now Y’ork, and par- countie 0 - told us of au excellent potato raised in these requirements for 
ticuiany taiuoc ..i™ Hare light farms near Railroad that section, and called by this name. Supposing been, and now is the 
stations, grow potatoes in large quantities, princi- tliat it was the old Peach Plan 'grown under favor- when raised on sandy sq^, ^ 
pally for the Eastern market. Some seasons, now- sjpi 0 circumstances, we paid no attention to the other table variety. Iti\.il<(| 
ever, a portion of our surplus crop is sent to the matter. Of late, however, it has risen into j bushels to one of Mercers, on 
en,»na n uw la - u , ( _^in market, and That our rcader3 maVliave a perfect rest on t«e o»u pxccc wnen cioseu, nnu umve 
, 10n 4 rn *f d on “ ndy ;t,a| m T understanding of the subject we copy the two dia- f on it when opened. The wind does not affect 
her table variety .two to three ’ ^ . yen below from the Cyclopedia of Ayr i- ’ ] it. opened or clospi. The wheels are nine 
ishels to one of Mercers, on same soil, and so cu i^ ure p inches in diameter, made of white oak plank, 
r,has grown free from rot on any ground that ‘ “ Lthe first diagram represent-a the hanging- 13 two inches thick,-the three standards are 
ould grow sound potatoes of any kind. j tbe top rail, and e the angle-strut of a gate. “ ad e of 2 by 4 oak scantling, and the boards of 
The next variety I would recommend is the Long • ^ _ inch pine, let into the standards as shown in the 
m7e Eye or Pink Eye Kidney. It is a good yield- ^ 6 "" , small engraving. George Bathy. 
YVest, and this is the case the present spring. The especial favor, having been grown largely in New f ar , has grown free from rot on any ground that 
potato crop last season was large in the Northern Jersey for the New York market. 
Atlantic States, and, in consequence, the price is Messrs. Drew & French, nroduc 
Atlantic states, and, in consequence, tne price is Messrs. Drew & French, produce dealers, furnish The next variety I would recommend is tue ±,ong 
now so low in the New York market as to prevent the f 0 n ow ing statement in regard to this variety, Pink Eye or Pink Eye Kidney. It is a good yield- 
shipment in that direction. On the contrary, the f or t j ie ^- ew York Tribune-. “Among the new er, commands a high price in market, and is one of 
crop through the West was generally light, and sort3 tbe p fiac / t Blow at present takes the first our very best Spring potatoes, cooking dry, white, 
prices are now so high in Western cities, that rank . not tbe old-fashioned, yellow-meated, red- and mealy. 
our surplus is moving Westward for a market, sk ; nned rank-flavored Peach Plow of our boyhood, The Blue Mercers I would also recommend 
j gates I havc seen. Two of the main features 
are, one can drive close on either side, then, 
lx,‘ill 7 
1 1 with one hand, the gate is pushed open, rol- 
•; iJ ling on a case prepared for it. The wheels 
■■L rest on the bed piece when closed, and move 
; r on it when opened. The wind does not affect 
i; q it, opened or closed. The wheels are nine 
I f inches in diameter, made of white oak plank, 
^ two inches thick,— the three standards are 
tZ 0 . small engraving. George Bathy. 
c Columbus, St. Clair Co., Mich., 1S59. 
a 
-*-©■»- 
e /CS. OBSTRUCTING THE HIGHWAY. 
(w) - 
“ Behold ! what wondrous piles now strew the ground, 
Tliis is evidently a simple truss, like the jib of a rubb ; sb5 carts and wagons, scattered round; 
with great rapidity. Could growers here know but the modern seedling of the Western Red. It is where they will grow of large size, smooth and “Behold ! what wondrous piles now strew the ground, 
in what direction the demand would be the greatest, j-ouncl, with deep eyes, has a parti-colored skin, and sound. Tliis is evidently a simple truss, like the jib of a of rubbish, carts and wagons, scattered round; 
it would be of advantage, for buyers for the East- wb itish-yellow meat, being whiter and finer flavor- The Carter is a first class potato, but being sub- crane; and if a weight, w, be hung on the end of the old sleds and what not burst upon our sight, 
em market generally refuse to purchase anything ed wbeu gl . own in this latitude than at the north, ject to rot, and a poor yielder, it is not profitable to rad this rail will be in a state of tension, and c in And logs and brush and burdocks! Illustrious plight, 
but the choicest kinds, such as the Mercer ; while wbere originated. It is generally sound-hearted, raise for market. a s t a te of compression ; and if the rail b be firmly Indeed, for ways like this!”— Edwards. 
for the Western market they are not very particu- cooks ver y evenly, dry, and light. This market The Porter, a good cooker, but small in size and be j d a t aild baV e an unyielding abutment at e, The highway belongs to the traveling public — 
lar, though, of course, making distinction as to bag tbig seaS ou been well supplied with it, and it yield, therefore, not profitable 
the point of the rail to which the weight is hung they have a legal right to a free and unobstructed 
price. bas steadily commanded the highest rates—selling The Rough and Ready, from the past two years’ canno t dr op down. passage — and every good citizen will show some 
As many of our readers are asking the question, on a par with that old favorite and standard varie- experience, I class as a potato of first quality, Again, let a, as before, be the hanging-style, b respect to the rights which belong to the world at 
whether they could profitably engage in growing ty, the Mercer. It has a tall, upright, and luxuri- which only requires to be known, to be appreciated, the lowest rail, and c the angle-tie; it is evident, large by using liis-influence to keep all obstruc- 
potatoes for market, as a staple crop; and if so, an t vine rambles from the hill, and is very late, as it comes nearer to the old fashioned Carter, both tba t ; under the same conditions as before, b will tions and nuisances, not only from the beaten track 
what kinds it would be best to plant, we give the re q U iring the whole season to mature. It attains Li looks and quality than any other kind. It is a now be compressed; that is to say, the lower rail 0 f the highway, but from the sides thereof, and he 
prices paid here for the last five years, and such i arge 3 ; ze j 3 a large yielder—turning out from 50 g° od yielder, very hardy, and ripens before the w j b ac t as a strut, while c, the diagonal, will act as w ill be exceedingly cautious how he leaves any- 
„il _,1 i__i _i:*„_ B ’ . .. , If..,,.. lo + „,. (l,o n ... • , 1 . l-1:_a.* . -u j:.__ 
other facts in regard to sorts and quality as we to 100 per cent, more than the Mercer _and has Mercers, but later than the Dykman or Junes. 
hope will be of general interest to our readers. bcen f ar tbe most profitable late potato of the past The Round Reds ana xeuow rente ryes are naray, 
price in Rochester TnE last five years. season. The chances of rot are very much increas- good yielders, but are mostly tor shipping aud ship 
The Mercer, it must be understood, is the best and ed by the length of time it takes to mature; and stores. ^ ...... , 
highest priced potato, and the most eagerly sought this, together with the uncertainty, from recent The Dykman is the earliest good variety we have, 
by buyers, and it is the price of this sort wc give; introduction, of continuing to thrive as well as yields well, and will cook dry when halt grown, 
common sorts range from five to twenty-five cents a heretofore, render the more prudent cultivators but is a poor YV intei potato, the Mountain June, 
bushel lower. The price the present season is not cautious of risking too much upon this promising is also a good potato to j leld, but is apt to have 
high, though perhaps sufficiently so barely to re- variety.” We have eaten this potato within a few black spots under the skin. 
numerate growers. Mercers now sell for 50 cents days, and have no hesitation in pronouncing it of Prince Alberts are pronounced, after the past 
The Round Reds and Yellow Pink Eyes are hardy, 
PRICE IN ROCHESTER TnE LAST FIVE YEARS. 
thing in the public way that will discommode, or 
hinder the passage of any one. Any thing, no mat¬ 
ter what it maybe, that is left on the ground which 
is a portion of the highway, is denominated, in the 
civil law, a nuisance, and treated as a nuisance; 
because it is on forbidden ground. It is no miti¬ 
gation of the offence that a nuisance is left on the 
side of the highway. A highway must be kept 
clear—and he who, heedlessly, or wilfully, places 
obstructions in the way of a peaceable traveler, to 
his disadvantage or detriment, is not only liable to 
they advanced to 75 cents, April 25tli to $1 V2}J, 
and May 1st to $1 25. This high price was main- 
high, though perhaps sufficiently so barely to re- variety.” We have eaten this potato within a few black spots under the skin. 'Y . clear- and he who, heedlessly, or wilfully, places 
numerate growers. Mercers now sell for 50 cents days, and have no hesitation in pronouncing it of Prince Alberts are pronounced, after the past ( WJ obstructions in the way of a peaceable traveler, to 
a bushel. °On the first of November last, or just good quality. A portion of the specimens we had, years’ experience, a failure, for they will not take V his disadvantage or detriment, is not only liable to 
at the close of the digging season 40 cents was the however, were hollow at heart. as market potatoes, when offered for sale, and a tie. It will be obvious, that on these elementary a fine equal to the damage or injury, but it is cul- 
price paid. Last year at this time (1858,) they From the same source we have the opinions en- will not cook dry, unless under very favorable parts the stability of the gate is entirely dependent; pab i e 0 f great ingratitude and disregard for the 
brought 63 cents, and two weeks afterwards went tertained of another variety, which has been grown circumstances, until quite late in the Spring. The the addition of the other style and rails to com- 1 -i gb ts of good citizens. 
up to 75 cents, and continued at this price during here for about five years, having been brought only redeeming quality they have, is that they plete the rectangular frame, and the filling-in rails Many people try to flatter themselves that they 
the greater part of April. This crop when du” from Ohio, hence its name, Buckeye. It is an ex- will not rot. I would advise farmers not to plant or styles, serving only to make the fence. bave a right, which no one may deny them, of put- 
(Nov., 1857,) could have been sold from the field cellent early potato, we think, from a brief experi- them, as the call for seed at high prices, is about From the consideration of these figures, and t j ng an y thing which they please on the sides of 
at 63 cents. In 1857, through March and until the cnce > but ' ve canuot speak of its value for a general run out: keeping in view the constructive maxim that iron tbe b i gbwa y, providing they leave barely room 
middle of April, 63 cents was paid. At this time c 1 ' 0 ! 5 - “ Tbe Bwkeye is the most promising early The Buck-Eye is another humbug. It has been should be used as a tie, and wood as a strut, we en0U gh for travelers to pass without being capsized, 
they advanced to 75 cents, April 25tli to $1 Viy potato. It was introduced from Ohio to the viciui- tried in the scale and found wanting. They would should learn not only what materials to use, but Consequently, the sides of the highway are often 
and' May 1st to $1 25. This high price was main- ot ’ Rochester, N. Y., three years ago, from which not bring as much in market the past season as how to use them. Thus, if the construction be that made the receptacle of every old sled, old wagon, 
tained until the season was over. At the time of locality it has spread to different sections, but has the Junes aud Yellow Pink Eyes. of the first diagram, b should be of iron, and c of and p ii es of old rails and logs, and old implements 
digging this crop (Nov., 1856,) they would have been most largely cultivated in Mommouth county, There are a great number of varieties constantly wood; aud in the following figure, c should be that have been thrown aside, so that a passer-by 
brought in market only 50 cents, showing a great N - J - It is a handsome round potato, white thro’- before the public, but they are generally brought iron, and b wood. Many of those who have had 0 ft e n is very forcibly reminded of the ruins of 
profit from keeping until spring. ’ Iu 1856^ Mercers out > except a little bright pink at the bottom of the out by persons for the purpose of selling seed at “exceeding trouble” with gates will be able to per- Jerusalem, after the Babylonish captivity of the 
sold for 38 cents during the entire spring, with the e Y e - It cooks very dry and bright, and is fine enormous prices. Farmers should choose such ceive in what was the difficulty—aud obviate it Jews. It is most stupendously surprising to see 
exception of a week or two when they were down flavored, particularly when first matured. It is kinds as yield well and command good prices as hereafter. In this connection we give plans of two how many farmers will persist in such a practice 
profit from keeping until spring. Iu 1856, Mercers ou b 
sold for 38 cents during the entire spring, with the e Y e 
exception of a week or two, when they were down A av 
Sinall Farms "Well Tilled. 
A Washington Co., Min., subscriber of Emery’s 
to 25 cents. The fall previous this crop might ver Y eai 'ly> ripening before the Mercer, and attains maiket potatoes. 
have been sold from the field at 38 cents, showing g ood marketable size as early as the Dykman. It *'•' 
a loss from keeping until the spring. Iu 1855, is remarkable for cooking well, as soon as it attains Small Warms Well Tilled. 
during March and until the middle of April, 88 fair size. It throws up a very thick, vigorous and A Washington Co., Min., subscriber of Emery’s 
cents a bushel was the market rate. They then luxuriant vine ; grows compactly in the hill, and Journal of Agriculture says that, “ all the largest 
rapidly advanced to $1 25, and continued at this to a lar S e size > yielding abundantly. The yield farmers in his county are badly in debt, and a good 
price two weeks, when there was a decline to §1 upon good ground in Monmouth county the last many of them will lose their farms before times get 
which price was maintained during the entire sea- season has varied from 150 to 300 bushels per acre, good again. The crops were light this last season; 
son. This crop when duo- in the fall of 1854 Bushel baskets full of them were exhibited at the wheat averaged ten bushels per acre; oats thirty; 
price two weeks, when there was a decline to §1, 
which price was maintained during the entire sea¬ 
son. This crop, when dug in the fall of 1854, 
would have sold at 63 cents, showing in this case l atc Monmouth County Fair, containing only sixty- corn good—more than an average. I worked fifty 
a profit from keeping. si x potatoes. It has been very free from rot, and acres last year ; got my crops iu in good season, 
From these figures our readers, wc think, may ' u one instance, where some of these were accident- and tended them well, and my wheat averaged 21 
be able to judge somewhat of the prices to expect ab y mixed with Peach Bloios on a piece of ground bushels; oats, 45 ; corn, 50; barley, 30; potatoes, 
in the future, and also of the profit to be derived very wet, and calculated to induce the disease, the 200, &c. I recommend small farms well tilled; Eds. Rural: —Observing a communication on few “old sores” on some unknown friends, not a 
from this crop, and whether any advantage can be Buckeyes remained sound, while the Peach Blows they are more profit to the owner than large ones. Farm Gates in your paper of the Sth of January, I score of miles from Rochester, who, in addition to 
derived from keeping potatoes until the spring.— rotted very badly. It is most valuable for an early Large farmers are in debt.” 
gates furnished by Rural correspondents. of dropping every old hay-rigging, or worn out 
implement, on one side of the highway, as if such 
- - ---.Tjj- old nuisances were valuable pieces of property to 
^ j| Hpy be kept for what service they had rendered in days 
, =5r ~ _ ; _. _ V • v gone by. If there must be a place — a “ catch-all” 
| |y ab out the farm — pray let it never be along the 
. __ . ; l.'il highway. A man may collect as much trash, and 
_ I - Rjfl as many old nuisances as he pleases, in his back- 
r ~". ; _ __: ; ,J jj yard, and it is nobody's business; but when the 
__f* J ™ highway is obstructed with wood piles, timber, 
___,j| piles of rails, mid a hundred other things which 
, ~ “ =-—==*=-= we no t mention, we will tell what we think of 
a cheap farm gate. such management. And if we happen to probe a 
Eds. Rural:—O bserving a communication on few “old sores” on some unknown friends, not a 
send a plan for a cheap one, which I will try to ex- I encumbering the highway about their residences 
