gogue in the world, will also bear testimony to the 
architectural skill, as well as to the wealth, of Hun¬ 
garian Jews (the architect being of the Jewish per¬ 
suasion, and the probable cost, when finished, 
nearly half a million of dollars.) Already have 
the gilt roofs of the two lofty towers raised the 
envy of some who suspected the Jews of having an 
underground press for making counterfeit notes. 
But the “children of Israel” have proved that 
they are not loathe to bring together their gold 
and their silver for the purpose of rearing a sanc¬ 
tuary unto the Lord, as did their forefathers in the 
wilderness. And thus the tablet above the main 
entrance is fitly inscribed in letters of gold with 
the Hebrew verse which in our version reads:— 
“And they shall make me a sanctuary that I may 
dwell among them.” (In Hebrew this verse con¬ 
tains only five words.) 
Before closing this letter, I must speak of one 
important feature connected with the Hungarian 
Capital, viz., the four quarterly markets or fairs 
which take place once every season. One of these 
was just drawing to a close while I was in Pesth— 
it generally continues about two weeks. On such 
occasion merchants from all parts of the country 
gather here ; some bringing with them their seve¬ 
ral wares, and displaying them in temporary 
booths erected for the purpose on the most fre¬ 
quented public squares, others (merchants on a 
smaller scale) visiting the city for the purpose of 
making purchases which, being made in cash, can 
be effected much cheaper here than anywhere else, 
or on any other occasion. Of course, the city then 
literally swarms with strangers; and, in the night, 
every nook and corner of the public houses is oc¬ 
cupied with a temporary couch. Having occasion 
to visit a friend of mine, one evening, who was 
then stopping at a private boarding-house, I had 
to take great care, in passing through the kitchen, 
so as not to step on the heads or legs of the several 
strangers who lay all over the floor, content with 
having found so poor a nights’ retreat. Aside from 
the mercantile advantages gained by these quar¬ 
terly markets, the social benefits derived from them 
must not be overlooked. For, during the fortnight 
which the stranger here spends, he visits in the 
evening (when all the “booths” are closed) the 
German and Hungarian theatres, the coffee sa¬ 
loons, &c., where he becomes acquainted with the 
life, manners, ideas (social and political) of the city 
folks, and applies them with advantage in the vill¬ 
ages and minor towns, whither he returns after the 
“market.” More anon. S. Tuska. 
MM 
ARITHMETICAL CALCULATION. 
LETTERS FROM A HUNGARIAN, 
Messrs. Eds.:—Orpheus, in the Young Ruralist, 
of Feb. 19, asks “why, dividing a number makes 
it larger, &c.” Allow me to say in reply, that it 
will not, unless the divisor is less than a unit—1. 
Orpheus divides 1.0096 by 004—that is, he sep¬ 
arates a unit into a thousand parts, and for a divi¬ 
sor, takes four of them, thus 4-1000ths, or thus 
.004—as decimals are generally written. Now, by 
reducing the 1 in the dividend to thousandths, it 
will be of the same denomination as the divisor, 
and the division will be easily accomplished as far 
as the thousandths extend in the dividend. Here 
allow me to say that is impossible to divide one de¬ 
nomination another, without first assimilating 
them, virtually or in reality. Proof—divide a 
hundred pounds of butter by four quarts of mo¬ 
lasses. But to return to the example. If we divide 
one thousand and nine thousandths by four thou¬ 
sandths, does it follow that the answer must be in 
thousandths, also? Of course not; and this is 
what mystifies many besides Orpheus. To illus¬ 
trate,—suppose we cut an apple into twenty equal 
parts. The question then arises—how much great¬ 
er are ten of those parts, than five of them. Any 
one can see that they would be twice as large and 
not two tenths. 
To illustrate this a little further, and to explain 
the unit point, let us go on with the first exam¬ 
ple which Orpheus gives. Considering the 1 as 
reduced to thousandths, we get along finely until 
we divide the 9, which is the last figure in thou¬ 
sandths, and, consequently, the last that will con¬ 
tain the divisor a ivhole number of times. Repre¬ 
sented thus, 
004)1.0096 
Buda ( Ofen ) — Monument of the late Pevolution — 
A strange idea—Hungarian Palace—Fortress on 
the Blocksberg — Jencish Temple — Annual Fairs 
in Pesth. 
Dear Friend Moore:— Having returned from 
the Stadtwuldchen into the center of the city, I 
crossed the splendid suspension bridge which con¬ 
nects Pesth with Ofen. Ofen, (Hungarian Buda,) 
with a population of about 35,000, (mostly German,) 
is built along the bank of the Danube, partly ter¬ 
race-like, on two rocks. The main portion of the 
city forms a strong fortress which has suffered 
twenty sieges within the past three centuries, the 
last of which took place in the Revolution of ’49, 
when the brave Magyars wrested the fort from the 
hands of the Austrians. The latter, in commemo¬ 
ration of this defeat, (or, as the inscription on the 
monument says, in memory of General Hentzi and 
his soldiers who “sacrificed their life here for 
Emperor and Fatherland,”) erected in 1852, a beau¬ 
tiful gothic monument of cast iron, 66 feet high, on 
a granite pedestal 90 feet in circumference. The 
six sides of the monument contain the foregoing 
inscription with the names of 418 “Tapfern” 
(valiant ones) who fell here. The inscription is 
evidently calculated to produce a wrong impres¬ 
sion. One would naturally infer from it that the 
Austrians lost no more than 418 at the seige of 
Ofen; while, in fact, their loss was considerably 
greater. The inscription probably refers to the 
418 who were killed on the spot (the Georgi square) 
where the monument is erected. A rider firmly 
holding the sword though sinking from his horse, 
while an angel crowns his head with a laurel wreath, 
represents the fallen defender of the fort, General 
Hentzi. Verily, this noble monument would have 
been worthy of a better cause. But it stands 
there, as it were, in mockery of the heroic capture 
of the fort'by the brave Hungarians. 
Speaking of this monument, I cannot help men¬ 
tioning the strange idea which has entered into the 
and which some 
GROUP OF PEASANT WOMEN, AS SEEN IN THE STREETS OF JERUSALEM. 
suppose she were so unfortunate as to be caught 
without that nose-and-mouth-hiding veil, — such 
shameful immodesty would in all probability call 
down, not only the bitterest ire of her devoted hus¬ 
band, and the reproaches of the neighborhood, but 
a sound drubbing besides. In what durance vile 
are we bound, by custom on the one hand, and im¬ 
pelled by fashion on the other 1 But query,—which 
is worse, to be wedded to such a brute, or to 
fashion ? Who can say which is the most tyranni¬ 
cal, arbitrary and capricious? 
Now if such are the civil and social disabilities 
of woman in the East, how much more the mental 
and moral servitude under which she groans and 
toils, despairs and dies! Should we not, hence¬ 
forth, evince more gratitude to the “ Author and 
Giver of all Good,” than we ever yet have done, for 
the distinguishing privileges we enjoy in this 
western world; and not only so, but, in view of 
our great responsibility, should we not give proof 
of our gratitude, by extending relief to our less 
favored sisters in eastern climes ? —Hadji in Syria. 
CONDITION OF WOMEN IN THE EAST. 
In no city on earth, perhaps, is womon found in 
greater variety than in the “ C ity ofthe Great King.” 
A street scene, such as may be often witnessed, is 
shown in the engraving. The fair ruby-lipped Cir¬ 
cassian and the sable daughter of Ham, the fur-clad 
Russian and the semi-nude Bedawy of the desert, 
the graceful Greek and the clumsy Copt, the modest 
Armenian and the brazen Fellahah, the haughty 
inmate of the harem, and the oppressed Jewess— 
But, however 
“ from every nation under heaven, 
widely they all may differ in blood, manners, cus¬ 
toms and appearance, they all more or less resemble 
each other in at least this common point—they are 
the abject slaves of the “ lords of creation.” If 
then you would form a proper estimate of the lot 
and condition of woman in her Oriental phases, 
you need not go beyond the precincts of Jerusalem. 
Do you see that white sheet and thick veil, envelop¬ 
ing something, whose yellow boots suggest the idea 
that it may be a piece of living humanity ? Shade 
of Eve, it is a daughter of yours! Reader, it is a 
sister of ours! Those black slaves are sent to hold 
her in vile surveillance. The lordly Effendi, the 
bigoted church dignitary, the panoplied soldier, 
and the proud civilian, all pass her without the 
slightest salutation, though they well know from 
her train that she is as respectable as a woman can 
be in the East. Nay, her own brother vouchsafes 
not the slightest token of recognition, even avert¬ 
ing his head as he passes ; and were her own hus¬ 
band to condescend to exchange a few words with 
her in public, he would b(^considered not only as 
utterly disgraced, but as ‘ffu'Dig actually sinned. 
Cruel Turk, who 
“ Scorns the world, 
And struts about with whiskers curled. 
Keeps a thousand wives under lock and key, 
For nobody else but himself to see.” 
He says he has bought her, and will treat her as he 
pleases ! But, probably, you think that domestic 
happiness within doors may somehow or other com¬ 
pensate for the neglect with which she is treated in 
public. Ah! you have little conception of woman’s 
sad condition throughout the Orient! Never can 
you say of an Oriental dwelling, as the poet has of 
an English cottage 
“ I knew by the smoke that so gracefully curled 
Above the tree-tops, that a cottage was near, 
And I said to myself if there’s peace in this world, 
The soul that is humble might hope for it here.” 
There is no peace in the harein. And what love 
can the monstrous tyrant have for one of them 
when his modicum of affection is divided amongst 
half a dozen, or half a score, or a score and a half of 
poor ignorant creatures ? What heart - rending 
scenes is the sojourner in the East continually com- 
As the point is only a mark to separate the whole 
from the fractional numbers, it falls after the 2, as 
above. After dividing the 9 we have one remain¬ 
ing, which reduced to ten thousandths and added 
to 6, already in that place, make 16. Making the 
divisor of the same kind and then dividing, we 
have 16-40, or 4-10—the same result that would 
be obtained if we divided straight through, as in 
whole numbers. The “ reason” why the point is 
placed as it is, is this, we cannot divide any num¬ 
ber by one greater than itself and receive whole 
numbers for an answer; or in other words—when 
we get to the last figure in the dividend which is of 
the same order as the last figure in the divisor, we 
must “ point off” the rest of the quotient for a 
decimal. 
If Orpheus, and others, understand what has 
already been explained, they will have no trouble 
in seeing why multiplying a number by less than 
1, makes the product less than the multiplicand; 
and also, why the point is placed accordingly.— 
Will Orpheus accept my thanks for his explana¬ 
tion of the circle ? 
Hume, Allegany Co., 1859. 
minds of many Hungarians 
have communicated to me with the utmost assur¬ 
ance— that the Hungarian Revolution was, af¬ 
ter all, secretly effected by Austrian emissaries 
themselves; and a few go even so far as to accuse 
KossuTn of having been such an emissary. This 
notion is based on the following reasoning:—Form¬ 
erly, say they, Hungary was in every respect free, 
though dependent on Austria for its protection.— 
For this Hungary annually contributed a certain 
amount of money and men for the general expen¬ 
ses and defense of the Austrian Government. If 
Austria wished for more than the stipulated amount, 
it depended on the good will of the Hungarian 
people; foi u«r, K ary had ilo own Parliament and 
its National Guards, as well as many other special 
institutions. It thus often happened that when 
Austria desired a hundred thousand men for the 
army, or so many ducats for public expenditures, 
the National Parliament of Hungary would chari¬ 
tably consent to give one-fourth, or perhaps one- 
third of the desired amount. Now, as this method 
was rather too precarious a thing for the Austrian 
Government, the latter secretly fanned the sparks 
of dissatisfaction into the flames of rebellion, in 
order to reduce the Hungarians to a more thorough 
subjection by treating them as a rebellious people. 
Had not Hungary declared itself independent, 
Austria could never have found any pretext for 
forcing the former to obey all her imperial behests. 
But whatever probability there may be in favor of 
this opinion — as, for instance, the treachery of 
Gorgey, whose already victorious army might 
have successfully icon the independence of Hun¬ 
gary, had he not suddenly surrendered it -r it is 
certain that Kossuth was no such secret emissary; 
his whole career, from the very first time that he 
engaged in politics, speaks against this assump¬ 
tion. The consequences ofthe Revolution, of course, 
are as favorable to the Austrians as they are op¬ 
pressive to the Hungarians ; a description of which 
I attempted in my last. But I have already di¬ 
gressed too far. I was speaking of Buda, and here 
I am speculating about the late struggle for liberty. 
But such is the present appearance (externally as 
well as internally,) of Hungary, that one can hardly 
visit a single spot of note, without being reminded 
of its recent political history. 
A short distance from the Hentzi monument is 
the royal palace, built under Charles VI., the 
front of which (400 feet in length,) faces the 
SOLOMON’S TEMPLE. 
Mr. Williams, the editor of the Utica Herald, 
has reached Palestine in the course of his Eastern 
travels. The following is an extract from his last 
letter describing the “ Holy City: ” 
“There was one Holy place in Jerusalem I 
sought in vain to visit—the site of the temple of 
Solomon. It is as you know, occupied by the prin¬ 
cipal Mosque of the city—the Mosque of Omar.— 
Including the inclosure, it occupies the whole 
south-western part of the city, and appears to be 
one of the most imposing edifices I have seen in 
the East, Hitherto strangers have been permitted 
to visit it by paying a modest backsheesh of from 
five to fifteen dollars eaen, but uf into the Mo¬ 
hammedans are growing no better fast in the matter 
of toleration, and this year have saucily shut the 
door of the sacred edifices in the teeth of ‘ Chris¬ 
tian dogs.’ I attempted to look into the inclosure 
but a Turkish sentinel offered to make me a present 
of the contents of a very rusty musket, while an 
old vagabond who stood near suggestively drew 
his finger across his throat, indicating by such 
that in case I should enter, I should 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
GEOGRAPHICAL ENIGMA. 
I am composed of 20 letters. 
My 1, 20,15, 8, 2 is a county in North Carolina. 
My 2,12, 4, 7, 6,17,12,19, 20,10 is a city in one of the 
Southern States. 
My 3,17, 5,18 is a river in Europe. 
My 4,12,17,17,15 is a town in England. 
Ny 5,13, 6,1,18 is a town in Switzerland. 
My 6, 8, 9,18 is a capital in Europe. 
My 7,16, 3,19, 2,1 is a county in Michigan. 
My 8,16, IS, 1, 20 is a large body of water. 
My 9,1, 20 is an island in the Irish sea. 
My 10,19,17,12, 9 is a town in Massachusetts. 
My 11, 3,15,18, 6 is a river in Europe. 
My 12, 5, 6, 8 is a river in Spain. 
My 13,17, 5,1 is an island in the Mediterranean 6ea. 
My 14,19,17, 8,10 is a cape on the coast of Spain. 
My 15,1, 5,17,12 is a cape on the coast of the United 
States. 
My 16,17,1, 6,19 is a river in Sweden. 
My 17,13, 3 is a county in Virginia. 
My 18, 2,10 is a river in Austria. 
My 19, 9, 8, 7 is a river in Tookistan. 
My 20,1,14,17, 3,15 is a river in Europe. 
My whole is an old saying. A. Wells. 
Charlton, N. Y., 1859. 
jpg” Answer in two weeks. 
False Philosophy. —Some years since I read a 
lecture by a professor of Philosophy, on the subject 
of attraction. He attempted to prove the attraction 
of gravitation, by saying that the center of two balls, 
suspended by two lengthy cords, would be nearer 
each other than the cords would be at the top. I 
would not take it upon me to say, positively, that 
this would not be a reason, but think it is not the 
reason. Any two perpendicular lines, are not par¬ 
allel lines. All perpendicular lines, pass directly 
to the center of the earth, and therefore verge to¬ 
wards each other, like the spokes of a carriage 
wheel. The walls of a stone or brick house must 
lean slightly in or it will be larger at the top than 
the bottom. 
Many suppose that east and west lines drawn 
upon the surface of the earth, are parallel strait 
lines. This is not the case. Indeed, a surveyor 
cannot start from a given point and run one mile 
west, thence east one mile, and strike the point he 
started from. Will Veritas give an explanation 
of this.—W. R., Moravia, Cayuga Co., JY. Y 
suggestion 
for the future be relieved of the bore of carrying a 
head upon my shoulders. 
These rascally Mohammedans have also placed 
some sacred edifice or other over the tomb of 
David, so that no Christian is permitted to seethe 
resting place of the great Psalmist. And I may 
here remark that there is no sadder spectacle of 
this curse-stricken land than that of the Arabs, 
and, if possible, still more degraded Turks lording 
it over the sacred city. The ground once pressed by 
the feet of Solomon, and David, and Christ, now 
echoes to the tread of Moslem and Jannissary and 
the drivelling Dervish. While the Jew is cower¬ 
ing in obscure places, the Moslem struts with the 
air of one who treads on thorns ; while the Chris¬ 
tian begs permission to kneel at the tomb of his 
Savior, the Turk disdainfully proclaims himself 
monarch of all he surveys. While the Holy 
Sepulchre is nominally in the hands of the Chris¬ 
tian, Turkish soldiers keep guard at the door, and 
a Turkish Pasha keeps the keys.” 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA. 
Advice to “Wolverine.— If “Wolverine,” of 
Macomb Co., Mich., will correspond with me, will 
give him my experience in full. I bound myself 
out to a farmer when 17 years old, and lived with 
him till 22 years old. I could give Wolverine 
some good practical advice. I would fully endorse 
your advice in the Rural of the 12th inst. Still, 
he should have three months' schooling (66 days) 
each year, board, clothing, a moderate amount of 
spending money, and when of age one hundred 
dollars. However, I repeat, with you, that a home 
in a good Christian family, with an enterprising, 
early rising farmer, is much better than to work 
from place to place by the month, even if he gets 
only his board, clothing and schooling.—C. A. 
Hawley, Box 1662, Chicago, III. 
I am composed of 18 letters. 
My 1, 4, 5, 9 is a British title of nobility. 
My 9, 4, 5,12, 4, 7,11,11 is the surname of a member of 
Congress. 
My 3,12,11,18 is a species of birds. 
My 4, 9, 7,11,12,16, 7,17,10,18 is a distinguished U. S. 
Senator. 
My 7, 9, 8,11 is one of the seven colors. 
My whole is an eminent English politician. 
Mount Vernon, Mich., 1S59. J. Milton Joiinsten. 
fUT’ Answer in two weeks. 
SOMETHING ABOUT ICEBERGS. 
Few sights in nature are more imposing than 
that of the huge, solitary iceberg, as, regardless 
alike of wind and tide, it steers its course across 
the face of the deep, far away from the land. Like 
one ofthe front giants of Scandinavian mythology, 
it issues from the portals of the North, armed with 
great blocks of stone. Proudly it sails on. The 
waves that dash in foam against its sides shake 
not the strength of its crystal walls, nor tarnish 
the sheen of its emerald caves. Sleet and snow, 
storm and tempest, are its congenial elements. 
Night falls around, and the stars are reflected 
tremulously from a thousand peaks, and from the 
green depths of “ caverns measureless to man.” 
The visible portion of an iceberg is only about 
one-ninth of the real bulk of the whole mass; so 
that if one be seen 190 feet high, the lowest point 
may, perhaps, be away down 800 feet below the 
waves. Now it is easy to see that such a moving 
island will often grate across the summit and along 
the sides of submarine hills: and when the lower 
part of the berg is roughened over with earth 
stones, the surface of the rock over which it passes 
will be torn up and dispersed, or smoothed and 
striated, while the boulders embedded in the ice will 
be striated in turn. But some icebergs have been 
seen rising 300 feet over the sea; and these, if 
their submarine portions sank to the maximum 
depth, must have reached the enormous total 
height of 2,000 feet. By such a mass, any rock or 
mountain-top existing below the surface of the 
ocean, would be polished and grooved; and suc¬ 
ceeding bergs depositing mud and boulders upon 
it, this smoothed surface might be covered up, and 
suffer no change until the ocean bed should be 
slowly upheaved to the light of day. In this way 
submarine rock surfaces at all depths, from the 
coast line down to 2,000 or 3,000 feet, may be 
scratched and polished, and eventually entombed 
in mud. It is upon this theory only, that we are 
able to account for the many huge boulders that 
lie scattered about upon the mountain, valley and 
plain .—Scientific American. 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
ARITHMETICAL PROBLEM. 
Good for Evil.— Euclid, a disciple of Socrates, 
having offended his brother, the latter cried out in 
rage,—“Let me die, if I am not revenged on you 
some day or other.” Euclid replied,—“And let 
me die, if I do not soften you by kindness, and 
make you love me as well as ever.” 
Required the dimensions of the largest cubical box 
that can be made from a board containing 151-18 square 
feet; the board being one inch thick, and the thickness 
to be retained when the box is made. Required, also, 
the shortest method of solution. Mary. 
Nunda N. Y., 1859. 
Answer in two weeks. 
If a truth be established, objections are nothing. 
The one is founded on our knowledge, the other in 
our ignorance. 
There is only one objection to people who 
“ mean well,” and that is they never can spare 
time to carry out their meaning. 
Nothing establishes confidence sooner than punc¬ 
tuality. 
Youthful rashness skips like a hare over the 
meshes of good counsel. — Shakspeare. 
No man can avoid his own company —so he had 
best make it is good as possible. 
To keep your own secrets is wisdom, but to ex¬ 
pect others to keep them for you is folly 
He is armed without, who is innocent within. 
Tiie Elastic Egg.—T ake a good and sound egg, 
place it in strong vinegar, and allow it to remain 
twelve hours; it will then become soft and clastic. In 
this state it can be squeezed into a tolerably wide¬ 
mouthed bottle; when in, it must bo covered with 
water having some soda in it. In a few hours this 
preparation will restore the egg nearly to its original 
solidity, after which the liquid should be poured off and 
the bottle dried. Keep it as a curiosity to puzzle your 
friends for an explanation how the egg was laid in the 
bottle. 
ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS, &c., IN No. 481. 
Answer to Mathematical Problem 
Answer to Geographical Enigma 
slaves is he whom passion rules. 
