m 
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rnim 15 
as aawBwF^ 
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" fcBJCU l rUBgji 
fit RURAL UF£ 3 
TWO DOLLARS A. YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS .AISUD IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. pr-OXER CENTS. 
YOL X. NO. 22.} 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 28, 1859. 
\ WHOLE NO. 490. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WRKKLT 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
Thk Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor de¬ 
votes his personal attention to the supervision of its various 
departments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose Interests it zealously advocates. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Edu¬ 
cational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with 
appropriate and beautiful Engravings, than any other jour¬ 
nal-rendering it the most complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper in America. 
C5?~A11 communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms and other particulars, sec last page. 
IW2I 
is in a great measure speculative,'of course, in of the next, who has a choice lot in good condi- or two rods of stone drain, even when the stones without one, notwithstanding the girls insisted 
anticipation of a foreign demand, and not the tion, for ten cents less than it is worth, and the arc handy; I refer of course to drains with a upon having a place where they could receive their 
result of a demand actually made, but if the war thing is accomplished. The manufacturer gets throat. During the coming summer I propose beaux in style. (This would undoubtedly be a 
continues, there can be no doubt that Europe will his wool at a price satisfactory to himself, and the building about one hundred rods in a field intend- pleasant arrangement, girls, but yet young gentle- 
furnish a good market for all the surplus food we buyer gets his cent a pound. The operation of this ed for seeding in the fall to Timothy, and, as 
can produce, and at high rates. average principle afi’ords poor encouragement for stones are scarce on that field, I ha ve thought of ti.iv 
We will not speculate as to the probable dura- preparing a choice lot of wool for market, when using tile. I would therefore like to inquire of EE 
tion or the result of this war, but a thought or two $100 from the value of every 1,000 lbs. is to be put some one experienced in the matter, as follows: 
may not be amiss. Austria is one of the most into the pockets of another as a premium for his Are tile durable? Is there no danger of their EE -t- 
powerful nations of Europe, and having taken her slovenly management. dissolving? If a tile drain is properly constructed fjteL 
present course, to retreat without disgrace will be j have no hesitation in saying that all wool of good material, how long will it probably remain IS Kyrin, j pfjll I 
difficult, and the terms she submits to Sardinia are growers whose clip is sufficiently large to enable in good working condition? Will a tile drain convey 
so degrading that we think they never will be com- them to sell directly to the manufacturer, should surplus water reddily when placed two and oue-half z =~~~ 
plied with by either that nation or France. Napo- prepare in the way first mentioned. The washing feet below the surface, especially if the subsoil is in- z ' 
lf.on' is, no doubt, anxious to prove himself a Na- anc j shearing requires less labor and time—the clined to be clayey ? Some of my acquaintances lay E — l§t|y 
poleon on the field of battle. Defeat would insure W ool has an appearance and character of which their tile and then lay a stone throat over them, z ||||| 
his overthrow, for the French people would never the owner may justly be proud—and there can be by placing a stone on each side of the tile and 3 ty- 
submit to be ruled by a Napoleon who had been no apology or reason for refusing a fair price for covering the whole with flat stones. Isthisneces- E ~S=t, 
defeated b> Austria, or compelled to abandon the the clip. But for the small wool grower, who is sary? It seems very much like double work; it 5 — 
position he had taken. It seems, therefore, we compelled to sell to the speculator or agent, the may pay, however. What is the comparative cost E - rr-—— /ZZiZ|||^ : 
may expect a protracted, desperate and bloody matter is entirely different. The writer of this of the two kinds of drain built in the ordinary ' = 
struggle. England is looking on, but actively pre- article, with a desire of having his wool in the manner, supposing you have the stones on the E tr^EzrElJ l||c 
paring for war; Russia and Prussia are in a some- best condition, and in the expectation of receiving farm, and have to haul the tile five miles? Are [zj— c - 1 jp|x.' 
what similar condition. Events will be very likely a p r j ce that would be satisfactory, followed that sole tile preferable in ordinary soil to horse-shoe? 
paring for war; Russia and Prussia are in a some¬ 
what similar condition. Events will be very likely 
to occm to involve in the struggle one or more ot method three years, when he found to his cost that, If sole tile are used, is it necessary to lay boards 
these powers. But, whatever may be the duration instead of having a desirable Tot of wool in market, on the bottom in mucky land ? 
or result of the war, we repeat, it is pretty certain, j t wa9 difficult to find a purchaser. When the Secondly, I would like to know if there is any ' 
that American farmers will have all they can do to buyers were scouring the country, the question practicable method of guarding against the ravages 
laise provisions to supply the millions of Europe; W as 0 ft en asked them, “Have you bought H.’s of the wire worm? A few years since I plowed a 
and this work will be a mutual benefit to the woo i?” Oh, no; he has a very choice lot, and it piece of old meadow, and planted with corn; the section of cellar wall. 
American producer and the European consumer.- ought to bring what he asks for it-but we are not crop was a heavy one, and I planted it again the meD ’ if the Y are possessed of good com- 
Prices will be advanced, and the American farmer aiUhor ized to pay so high a price for any wool second year. The corn came up finely, but before mon scnse ’ wil1 ei, j°y yisitin S with the old P e0 P le 
will reap the benefit, but the large supply we can and the consequence was, he has been forced to it had been out of the ground one week I could untilan ^ bed time > and certainlytheyw.il lose 
furnish, if we undertake the work in earnest, will leave in the usual quaat i ty 0 f grease and gum to not find- a score of thrifty spears upon an acre! nothing by having a good understanding with them 
keep down prices much below what they would be m ake it merchantable. Upon examination, I found that these pests were before hand -> But ’ thou S b we wiU waste 110 tune 
was this supply withheld. g ^ ^ ^ ^^tina unnn t .he softened kernels tw. Won ■ the consideration gonial room for pa- 
Wifh ti»i» - '« • of the present condition ot Luro- number of the Wool Qrou j3Bt£&ests the propri- being, in some instances, forty in one hill. A < -‘ ms . uerin S lrom llle Harmless malady, love, 
Secondly, I would like to know if there is any 
SBC 
section of cellar wall. 
EUROPEAN WAR AND AMERICAN PRODUCE. 
Europe is in commotion. The sword which 
scarcely three years since was returned to its scab- 
1 bard is again unsheathed. Again it will cause hu- 
I mai. Wood to flew in one great desolating stream, 
bringing darkness to thousands of hearth-stones 
and despair to many hearts. Again the widows’ 
tears will fall and the orphans’ cries ascend to the 
Lord of Sabbaoth. He who ruleth in the Heavens 
| and noticeth even the sparrow’s fall will make 
j requisition for this great waste of human life—this 
wholesale butchery. Great is the responsibility 
of those who are in positions to exert an influence 
j for War or Peace, and terrible will be the con- 
i demnation of those who through ambition or a de- 
j sire to tyrannize over a people compel their fellow 
men to turn human butchers. Happily we are far 
I from the scene of conflict, from the glare of burn¬ 
ing cities, the sound of the death-dealing cannon 
• and the groans of the wounded and the dying.— 
Happier still that we live in a country where the will 
of the people is the law of the land—where no tyrant 
can get up battles for us to fight, or drag our sons 
from our doors to lay their bleaching bones on for¬ 
eign fields. Let us feel grateful for the blessings 
of good government—swear eternal fidelity to the 
glorious principles of freedom—pray earnestly that 
the down-trodden may enjoy a like blessing, and 
the time soon come when “ He shall judge among 
many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off ; 
and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, 
and their spears into pruning-hooks ; nation shall 
not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they 
learn war anymore; but, they shall sit, every man, 
under his vine and fig tree, and none shall make 
them afraid.” 
Though so far removed as to scarcely feel the 
evils of war in Europe, still its influence is felt by 
almost every one. In times of peace and plenty 
Europe feeds her own people. The price of pro¬ 
duce in the principal countries of the Old World 
is so near that of our own that we cannot generally 
export with profit. Occasionally a short crop, or 
some other unfavorable circumstance enables us to 
compete successfully in the produce markets of 
England. But, with an European war, when a 
great portion of the labor is diverted from the 
peaceful fields of agriculture to the field of battle, 
when large and wasteful armies, which carry deso¬ 
lation in their train, are to be fed, America is de¬ 
pended upon to furnish the supplies. Not only do 
those countries actually engaged in war need sup¬ 
plies, but as soon as war i3 commenced between 
any two nations or even seriously anticipated, all 
the principal nations engage at once in the work 
°f preparation, wages for labor advance, and much 
°f it is diverted from agriculture. In 1856, when 
Die Russian war was in progress, we sent to Great 
Britain and Ireland 800,000 barrels of flour, 7,000,- 
000 bushels of wheat and 4,000,000 bushels of corn ; 
. to the Continent 300,000 barrels of flour, 2,000,000 
n bushels of wheat and 500,000 bushels of corn.— 
d Since 1st September, 1858, to Great Britain and 
t Irc,and °nly 80,000 baraels of flour, 400,000 bush- 
fj os of wheat and 300,000 bushels of corn; to the 
J Continent 40,000 barrels of flour, 50,000 bushels of 
j, tv ieat and 20,000 bushels of corn. This extraor- 
jH maiy decrease in our exportations was doubtless 
1 In! 0 IGSldt °1 &e peace which was declared in 1856. 
| he recent announcement that war had been de- 
I C n r u b . etween France and Austria at once caused 
a kinds of provisions to advance rapidly. This 
few , 
if -- 
keep down prices much below what they would be make it merc ) iaut able. 
was this supply withheld. g Miv „ v nt nu; „ l- 
With tuia - af tiio present conditio,; ot Luro- nun) b<t r of the Woo^ Grow 
I - uuu.ni v» wv .. wr -- ?4£8ts the propri- . . ... , 
pean atlairs, we urge upon all our readers the no- et y 0 p shearing without w^umn^ on account o*f neighbor has had a similar experience, raising a et l \ s ln quire it you have made suitable provision 
cessity of making extraordinary exertions to in- injury and loss of sheep sustained by him and splendid ciop, and the year following having a l° r sickness of a more serious nature. If not, now 
crease the produce of their farms the present year, others from its effects. No doubt the loss sustain- perfect failure from the same cause. Why does is the time to remedy the oversight. Tobeappro- 
We do this not only because it will pay, but be- ed was caused by washing, but not necessarily so. tb ' s worm allow the grain to grow without moles- P r ^ ate the sick room should be susceptible of thor- 
cessity of making extraordinary exertions to in¬ 
crease the produce of their farms the present year. 
We do this not only because it will pay, but be- 
- -- . r—- eu wus uuusuu uy waaiitug, uuu uut uuuuaaai ny su. - o o - ...... i ± rr r ,i t 
cause nothing but increased production will pre- jt may be accounted for in this way: beino* tation during the first yeai; after an old piece is ough ventilation, and cut oil from other rooms by 
vent very high rates and consequent suffering anxious to wash clean, thpy were kept in the water plowed, and then wage such warfare the second? a narrow hall, which will allow egress at the back 
among the poor of our own country, if the war too Ion". Had he followed the “soakiti" and Is it because while the old soil lasts he feeds upon °* tb e house without the necessity of passing 
should prove lasting. It is not too late to plant warming” process, the very short time required that? Last year I planted nine acres of old mea- through other rooms. Your living-room will also 
an extra acre or two of corn, potatoes or beans; to keep them in the water would not have produced dow and pasture, and would like to plant the same be benefited by such a hall, as it will give your 
or, perhaps, what is more important, to give extra tba.t result. piece again as I harvested over one hundred men folks a fair chance to come in and sit down 
attention to that already planted. The prospect f , ,, ... ... bushels of sound corn (ears) to the acre. Now, is while awaiting their meals, without having to find 
is, that extra labor may be very profitably cm- P rac 1CC 0 .® anng m c Ir , 6 there any method by which these marauders may their way through wood-house, cook-room and 
ployed in increasing crops, and that Peruvian Gu- h * hle to serious o je i n . y any ie vaue bg headed and the CQrn saved? An answer to kitchen, which is always a source of annoyance, 
anoand other fertilizers which are too expensive g^seTndffirt theywoffid shea^-frludsTnd ^e- these <l uestious b y those who know, will much “J disturbsithe equanimity of the presiding 
when produce rules low, might be used to advau- tioas would wit h greater difficulty be detected oblige an old subscriber aud attentive reader of »e nius thc cuhnar ^ d ^P ar tment. 
tage iu that direction. f , . , ,, , , the Rural. j. a. t. With this review of the plans in 
The practice of shearing in the dirt would be 
liable to serious objections. By many the value 
of sheep would be estimated by the quantity of 
grease and dirt they would shear—frauds and de- 
ta"e in that direction. 
wjjo.iu uuuuucuiuu. —the character of American wool would be greatly the Rural. i . 
-- , . , , , , ~ % . /. Port Gibson, N. Y., 18o9. 
depreciated, and even the extra expense for ti eight _ 
PREPARING WOOL FOR MARKET.* in transporting to market would not be a small 
- item iu the account. HOUSE BUILDING.—NO. H. 
[The following valuable and seasonable article on „ , ,, . TT , _ ,, ^ , , - 
this important subject, is from the pen of one of the 11 IC d ' K 10 ^ 1 1 1 " s 1011 00 e P| e Before we turn our attention to the specialty 
pioneer farmers of Western New York — Hector IIitch- P are 01 al et ' eaUs, " e y nl ‘'} egl ' CU . which was to be the subject of this number, let us 
cock, Esq., of South Livonia, who has for some thirty whether the method first described should be fol- look oyer your p i ans and see if they are so com . 
years made Wool Growing a prominent and profitable lowed, or the usual way ot washing and shearing, that the building when finished will be likely 
PREPARING WOOL FOR MARKET.* 
[ The following valuable and seasonable article on 
this important subject, is from the pen of one of the 
pioneer farmers of Western New York — Hector IIitcii- 
HOUSE BUILDING.—NO. n. 
Before we turn our attention to the specialty 
which was to be the subject of this number, let us 
years made Wool Growing a prominent and profitable lowed, or the usual way ot washing and shearing, 
branch of business. During the past winter we had the there should be uniformity in doing it in each 
jUj which a few of many points that 
h/('i always should be thought of, but 
J p”/-; seldom are, have been merely al- 
;•. luded to, we will leave them for 
alteration and correction,—for one 
lj±Er.: dollar will make an alteration in 
a place that it would cost one 
Watertdble for Hundred to make in a building.— 
homestead of Mr. II., and listening to an interesting 
account of his experience, in the course of which he 
oil cannot be taken out by the common method of 
washing without injury to the sheep, they may be 
Wood Building. Make the plan as perfect as pos¬ 
sible, before you comittence your buildirig, and 
, 1 ‘' ‘ J ° to meet all your requirements and stand unshamed Wood Building. Make the plan as perfect aspos- 
rare good fortune of spending a night at the hospitable locality depending upon the same market. As the ............ , „ ^ _ 
homestead of Mr. II., and listening to an Interesting „,1 be taken L bj .lie common method of before 
account of his experience, in the course of wbieb he washing without injurj to the sheep, they mar b. . Tim general outline that tvh.ch gives the:hrst then carry ,t out o the letter Do not make 
spoke at some length on tiio subject of Sheep Hus- ., 6 , , , . . ’ impression to the mind as we approach anything, an alteration alter that, without having the plan 
1 ° J v considered clean when the water runs clear from . _ . , . ...... ; ,, . , , ■, c , _ nt.- 
bandry—imparting much useful information. * * . r is one of the most important points, but we must thoroughly revised by your drattsman. ihis 
It may be proper to add that Mr. II. keeps several liun- | 10 L ‘ eC( -> an s ® u 110 ( un c ® 3 pietente } j eave jt entirely to the taste and skill of the de- is the only possible way of avoiding blunders.— 
dred Spanish Merino Sheep—and if the hundred year- a " Latiel ) e ‘ l °" e mote t an six or etg it s jg ner< The color is another matter of considera- You cannot very well commence your founda- 
ling iambs which we saw during our visit are a fair da Y s before shearing. In doing up the fleece, all fele consequence) and 0 ne in relation to which, let tions without the assistance of your builder or 
sample of the flock, (as we presume is the fact,) his tie wa.net woo e ongm 0 to it s ion eioled hone, some one cntirelv conversant with the annerintendent. and for this office employ a 
spoke at some length on the subject of Sheep Hus- considered clean when the water runs clear from 
bandry—imparting much useful information. **., « , 
, f ..... w, tt . .. the fleece, and should not (unless prevented by 
It may be proper to add that Mr. II. keeps several liun- f 
sample of the flock, (as we presume is the tact,) h.s uuuuutn^ us hope, some one entirely conversant with the superintendent, and for this office employ a 
reputation as a “good shepherd” is well merited, up in such manner as to give it the best appear- gubject wU1 ive Rural readers a chapter . The mechanic , and the best one you can find, though 
They were certainly extra, and such as would be credit- ance. There is no iraud in this, as it is not only . . , , . , , . , , , . _• „ „-,i 
.. . , J cornices, openings and trimmings are to be treated you have to pay an extra price, tor he will 
able to any breeder in the land. But, in addition to expected but desired by the purchaser. The prac- ,. . . . .: , e ... ,. , e . , • +Vl „ 
sivine the name of our modest friend, we are savimr .* * of detal1 hereafter, so we will pass them by for surely be the cheapest hand in the end. Make the 
up in such manner as to give it the best appear¬ 
ance. There is no fraud in this, as it is not only 
giving the name of our modest friend, we are saying tj ce 0 f us j n g an unnecessary quantity of twine, ,, , , , , . , . , ,, - . - ^ f , x 
what, though deserved, he may not approve-and at thpyp : n rn n in(r • _ ’ the present and look at what a stranger would excavations for the cellar and foundation w alls at 
the same time keeping our readers from his excellent , . , . ’ , , . , come to first—the front entrance. least six inches larger on all sides than you intend 
„ nure and filth, cannot be too strongly condemned. , , ,, , ro . 
article.—E d. Eukai,. I et there be uniformity in each locality and a Have you determined on four or five broad stone to have the walls of the building. Make tie c ts 
- Let there be u 10 y m each locality, and a platform a pair of splendid tinder the cellar walls from one to two feet deep 
How Should Wool he Prepared for Market! consciousness of having done it honestly, in all ® te P s > a lar S e stone piattorm, a pan ot sp e 0 ff the water. All 
wlm nren-trp wool for market and all will he rio-ht Grecian columns offthe same material, surmounted and a aram nom xncse to cany uu 
Tnis is a ver Y important question, both for the I >re P - he ht. byaclassicalGrecian cornice> graccd b y ornaments buildings will settle more or less in proportion to 
wool grower and manufacturer. There are three -^-——— ' ‘ f ew can understand or appreciate, and distinguish- their weight and the density of the earth beneath, 
ways of doing it. The easiest and best, is that DRAINING AND WIRE WORMS.-INQUIRY ed bynames most painful to pronounce, but all and that they may settle uniformly is what should 
recommended a few years ago by Messrs. Perkins made of wood on ever so cheap a scale ? Let us receive your particular attention. Large flat stone 
& Brown, ot Ohio, of wetting the sheep and al- Eds. Rural I desire to ask, through the medi- hope for better things. Perhaps you have thought throughout the lower part of the wall, and 
How Should Wool he Prepared for Market! 
This is a very important question, both for the 
wool grower and manufacturer. There are three 
recommended a few years ago by Messrs. Perkins 
& Brow'n, of Ohio, of wetting the sheep and al¬ 
lowing them to stand in the yard until they have um of the Rural, of one or more of your readers of having broader steps and a more extensive plat- angles laid with a proper bond, will insure 
become warm,—when the oil becomes “soapy,” « po sted” in the matter, some questions relative form, a magnificent colonnade the whole width of what you desire one way, and a balance slope the 
requiring but little labor afterwards to wash them t 0 draining and wire worms. Firstly, then, I am the house, with five or six larger columns and a other. [See illustration of section.] By this I 
entirely clean, and shear in three days, or as soon thoroughly impressed with the importance of hav- great pediment above all, made in imitation of mean, have the center of the foundation wall un- 
as dry. Another way is to wash without the j n g land well freed from surplus water, and I wish v stone as before, but so palpably wooden as to de- der the center of the wall or sill to be supported.— 
“soaking and warming process—the way usually to know, from some one who has tested both, the ceive no one but the builder? I trust not, for such Your wall may slope on the inside three or four 
practiced leaving a large proportion of oil in the comparative merits of stone and tile drains, things are expensive and give but little return in inches from bottom to top, and the same on the 
fleece, and allowing them to run from one to two which method is preferable, all things considered? looks and none whatever in comfort. What is better, outside from bottom to surface of ground; above 
weeks before being sheared. The third is to shear I live upon the homestead occupied by my father is a roomy porch, with seats od the side and trellis that it should be plumb. This, if your wall is 
without washing. and g ran dtather, and have assisted iu building work above—a place where you can lower your commenced six inches larger than the building and 
The wool through the country is usually bought several hundred rods of stone drain. Some of umbrella in a storm without the concentrated force slopes three inches, will leave a projection ot three 
by small speculators, or by agents of manufuc- these drains were built twenty-five years ago, of a nor’wester giving you a dose of hydropathy inches outside of the sill or brick wall, which L 
turers, generally at a commission ot one cent per w hen Agricultural papers were scarcely known, from the eave-spout free of charge—a place where should be protected by a heavy, jutting water table. ^ 
pound, with directions to get up alot at an average aud the subject of draining comparatively little friends can wait in comfort for the door to be A house or any other building made ou this plan 
stipulated price for each particular locality. The thought of. Since that time we have laid more or opened, or where you may sit in summer with your will not onl y be better, but will have some visible 
wool of different sections has in each a distinctive i eS8 a i n)0S t every year. Some of the first have family and enjoy the evening breeze. To make all means of support, which adds as much to its looks 
character, and is known in maiket as Vermont had to be taken up and relaid, and others, though comfortable and keep out snow in the winter a tern- as it does to the reputation of a young man in the 
wool, Michigan wool, &c. It the Inner finds it answering a very good turn, are not quite up with porary door may be hung on the outside. The eyes of a prospective mother-in-law. If you wish 
necessary to pay one man for a bad lot ten cents a t h e sp irit of the times, while others, still, (built re- front door will open into a vestibule or hall, if you to have a dry, warm cellar, lay up a four inch brick 
pound more than it is worth, in order to make his ce ntly) work admirably. have one, or into the living-room if you have not. wall inside with a space between that and the stone, 
ceiRa pound, he must, as a matter ot course, buy Now, as any one knows who has had experience I will say nothing of a parlor, as you may have commencing on a plank of some durable timber. 
*KepulLiskedfromtheRuRALNKw-YoRKERofMay2!,18SG. in the matter, it is no small job to build a hundred acted on my suggestions and concluded to live Old or soft brick will do for this purpose, and plus- Sw 
