I ■' 
were a decided success. The vines of the first- 
named were dwarf and bush-like, those of the last 
of medium length, and the usual appearance. The 
product of the first was very small potatoes, 
though on equally good soil with the Alberts, 
which were mostly very large and handsome. We 
have seen Flukes of equally good appearance.” 
Our Albany friend must have grown his Flukes, 
with “ dwarf and hush-like vines,” on some of the 
“Albany barrens.” If the Prince Albert grows 
more rank than the Fluke, it is not wanted in 
Western New York. But of their identity we have 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
As regards the process of hay-making, our views 
have been so fully and frequently given in the 
Rural that we will not at present trench upon 
the subject, except in one respect,—the manner of 
curing. There are men in this vicinity who, when 
they have a load to sell, are oftentimes compelled 
to stay in the “market all the day long,” and 
never get as good prices as their neighbors 
(whose surplus may be readily contracted,) can 
command. The grasses cultivated by both parties 
are the same—the same heavens overhead and the 
same earth under their feet — equal opportunities 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
Thk Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor de¬ 
votes his personal attention to the supervision of its various 
departments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the Important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Edu¬ 
cational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with 
appropriate and beautiful Engravings, than any other jour¬ 
nal,—rendering It the most complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper in America. 
13^ All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOORE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS. 
Tnc Corn Crop is one that requires constant 
attention, and this consideration should be freely 
awarded, for we very much doubt if there be 
among all our farm products any one that will 
pay agriculturists better dividends for care be¬ 
stowed than this. Cultivator and hoe ought not 
now be permitted to wear the garb of idleness— 
rust is the viper which stings the farmer’s purse— 
nor will they where the largest possible yield is 
diligently sought. The ground should be stirred 
often (to prevent the growth of weeds which 
would rob both crop and husbandman,) and deep¬ 
ly, that the roots may extend and appropriate 
the moisture and fertilizing elements which would 
otherwise be denied them. 
In this connection we may add a paragraph 
relative to corn for soiling purposes. Prepare 
any good strong soil in same manner as for full 
crop, mark with corn-marker in drills, and sow at 
the rate of four or five bushels to the acre—thirty 
or forty kernels to the foot. Take a light corn 
plow and run it each side of the drill, and the 
seed is covered. A Connecticut correspondent of 
the Rural, who has for several years thus occu¬ 
pied any spare day between June 15th and July 
1 st, states that he has met with the best success 
in the use of either the Southern flint or Ohio 
gourd seed, these varieties attaining a much 
greater growth than any of the kinds commonly 
planted in the New England States. The only 
after-culture given is to run the cultivator or 
shovel-plow once between the rows, when the corn 
is from eighteen inches to two feet high. Cut and 
feed when the pastures are affected by summer 
drouths. By so doing plenty of room is furnished 
upon which to completely cure whatever may re¬ 
main standing late in the season. If any attempts 
are made to preserve the surplus for winter fodder 
—for which it will prove of exceeding value—it 
must be spread very thin to prevent heating and 
mildew. The editor of the Springfield (Mass.) 
llepublican last year tested Southern corn for this 
object, and thus relates his experience:—“ About 
the middle of May last we planted the seed in 
rich heavy loam. By the middle of July it had 
grown nearly five feet in height. We cut some of 
it close to the ground and some of it twelve to 
eighteen inches high, in order to test its ability to 
produce a second crop from one sowing. We find 
that that cut close to the ground does not start, 
while that cut higher grows at the rate of about 
three inches a day. The younger the corn the 
lower it will do to cut it. We anticipate cutting 
repeated crops, of course each time higher up, 
until frost comes.” 
When it gets through raining and blowing cold 
—which it probably will one of these days—there 
will be a loud call upon the farmer from the hay- 
field, and this is one of that class of “calls” 
which must be received and responded to with 
promptness. When the heavens are propitious, 
and the grass in just the right condition for the 
commencement of operations, every man ought to 
“put in an appearance” immediately, and each 
implement be in readiness. There will be no 
time for repairs then — if mowing machines or 
scythes need an introduction to a mechanic, give 
it now—if rakes exhibit marks of last year’s con¬ 
test, and require dental improvement, let such 
measures be instituted as will attain the desired 
object to-day. 
are aiiorded each — then, why the diiierence? 
These things being so, it is evidently caused by 
carelessness or a lack of knowledge. The pro¬ 
cess of curing should, if possible, be perfected 
in the cock. Hay thus made retains more of the 
color and juices of the grass than when thinly 
spread over the field exposed to the rays of a 
burning sun. It should, if spread, be gathered 
into windrows or “foot-cocks” at night—dew fall¬ 
ing upon it when scattered results in more or less 
injury. The chief point after cutting is to pre¬ 
serve it from dew and rain, as these soon wash 
away the soluble salts, and its keeping qualities 
are thereby seriously affected, for hay thus dete¬ 
riorated ferments very readily when stacked. If 
the weather is unfavorable the less hay is shook 
about the better. It will preserve its nutritive 
properties for a considerable period of time if left 
undisturbed, but when submitted to repeated dry¬ 
ings and wettings it is soon utterly ruined. 
The time for Weaning Lambs is fast approach¬ 
ing, as an inquiry upon the subject from a Penn¬ 
sylvania subscriber indicates. When the facts 
that increased attention has been given to the 
growth of this species of farm stock in many por¬ 
tions of the country, and that an unnecessary de¬ 
gree of mortality is observable among the young 
at this period,—causing heavy losses to flock-mas¬ 
ters,—is considered, a few words thereupon may 
prove of value, especially to the inexperienced. 
About four months from date of parturition is the 
time usually given the lamb to suckle in this lati¬ 
tude. This is governed somewhat by the breed, 
condition, and disposition to be made of the young. 
If of mutton varieties, and designed for the butch¬ 
er, a longer or shorter period may be allowed, the 
rule being fitness for sale. The first thing is to 
separate ewes and lambs as widely as possible— 
they should be out of sight and hearing of each 
other. A better pasture must be provided (not 
too luxuriant, however,) for the young, as an 
equivalent for the loss of the mother’s milk. Here 
is the spot at which many flock-masters fail. An 
opportunity to over-feed being given, the lambs 
gorge themselves, and acute diseases quickly deci¬ 
mate the flock. Where an error of this nature 
has been made, L. A. Morrell, in AmeHcan 
Shepherd, says all baneful effects will be "pre¬ 
vented if they have been previously trained to eat 
salt, which when given freely, operates much to 
counteract hoove, and some other diseases of the 
digestive organs. When lambs are first placed 
upon clover, give them all the salt they will eat. 
If this is done, the gases evolved, instead of act¬ 
ing as in cases of hoove, will pass naturally 
through the intestines.” For the ewes, the poor¬ 
est pasture should be selected for a week or two, 
else distension of the udders and inflammation, 
or garget, are likely to result. Should this prove 
the case, they ought to be separated from the 
rest of the flock and milked for a few days. In 
this department, as in every other upon the farm, 
the watchful, careful man will not only merit but 
meet with the highest reward. 
NOTES AND INQUIRIES ABOUT POTATOES. 
Tlie Flu.be and Prince .A.l'bert. 
I see that you state the Fluke and Prince Albert to 
be one variety. This may be, but the Flukes with me 
grow with large, rank tops, requiring rather poor land 
to check their growth, or wide planting, and I had been 
informed that the Prince Alberts were as good as the 
Flukes in all respects, and somewhat similar, but with 
shorter tops, and therefore better for close planting, and 
better in all respects for strong land.- S., Greece, Mon¬ 
roe Co., N. Y., 1850. 
The Fluke is always described in the English 
journals as being a “ coarse grower.” Indeed, the 
greatest objection made to it is being “ too rank 
in the haulm,” and when grown on rich land that 
the tubers are too large, and deformed. This 
accords with your description. You have, no 
doubt, the genuine English Fluke. The Country 
Gentleman, in noticing our recent article, says:— 
“The Rural New-Yorker pronounces these two 
varieties identical, and thinks the change of name 
was given for purposes of speculation. Perhaps 
this is so. The potatoes considerably resemble 
each other, but our experience in growing each 
sort has resulted so differently that we have 
thought them different kinds. The Fluke turned 
out very poorly for the two or three years under 
trial, while the Prince Alberts, grown last season, 
no question. \v e nave tuoers received unuer doiu 
names in our office, from different sources, and no PATENT 'WHIP. FENCING, 
person can tell the one from the other. We have -- 
them growing on the same soil, side by side, and Tueucn many of the attempts to introduce wire drift by it. In some places it may be very desira- 
our labels are the only means we have of distin- fence, during the past few years, have proved ble for lawn and division fences, where the owner 
guishing them. We have no question of their failures, the manufacturers of the Patent Lowell does not wish to have the fence very conspicuous, 
identity. If the Prince Albert is not the Fluke, Wire Fencing, above represented, think they have For ornamental purposes it is said to cost about 
who can tell where and when it originated? succeeded in making a cheap and durable article, as much per rod as other kinds of iron fence cost 
who can tell where and when it originated? 
Potatoes IVIixing in tlie Kill. 
succeeded in making a cheap and durable article, as much per rod as other kinds of iron fence cost 
It is “ made of annealed wire, formed by machinery per foot. 
into a strong network, the wires of which are so This style of fence is also made of galvanized 
firmly twisted together at the union of its angles, wire, and nresents a neat annearance. The cost of 
X^otatoes aVXixing m tlie Kill. into a strong network, the wires of which are so This style of fence is also made of galvanized 
Do potatoes mix by different sorts being planted firmly twisted together at the union of its angles, wire, and presents a neat appearance. The cost of 
together ! Some say they do not. I think they do. that it requires a force equal to the strength of the it when galvanized is of course somewhat greater 
1 lease settle the question through the Rural bejond ma t er ia,l to dislocate or separate the meshes.” The than when coated with the black Japan. Various 
doubt.—L. F. H., Belfast, Alley. Co., N. Y. 1859. . , . 1 „ .... , „ 
wires may be larger or smaller as desired, and the fancy structures and articles, such as summei 
Potatoes will not mix, as supposed by our cor- s ; ze 0 f t jj e 0 p en S p aceg may jj e according houses or arbors, trellises and window guards, are 
respondent. Plant a set of a Merino and a Mtxi- to the use for which the fence is intended. The made of the same material and serve a good pur- 
can, in the same hill, and continue this practice sizes of wire used in making the different styles of pose — are both ornamental and useful, as well as 
for ten years, and you will see no change in the fencing vary from No. 8 to No. 14, and are said to cheap. 
character of the two varieties. We have done b e sufficiently strong and durable for the purposes These statements are condensed from a pamphlet 
this for several years. Potatoes raised from the f or w hich they are designed. furnished by Messrs. Z. Hosmer & Co., Boston, 
seed of either would be likely to partake somewhat After weaving, the fencing is coated with Japan, Mass., who are the General Agents of the manufac- 
the character ot each, though this is uncertain. m ade of asphaltum, to prevent rusting. When turer, and of course are not made upon our own 
M e have raised white, red, and black potatoes completed for transporting, it is rolled up in bales knowledge of the fence. From the descriptions 
from the same seed-ballap^^ containing from 20 to 25 rods each, and weighing and testimonials given, however, we think the 
J I ' I pot ’’t ' 1 from 200 to 800 lbs. per bale, thus making it the Wire Fencing worthy the attention of those inter- 
Jenny- -.nit ot.itoen. most portable fencing material in use. It is ested, and any one can procure a pamphlet and 
I wish to make an inquiry about potatoes that I have claimed that this mode of weaving the wire makes other testimony, and judge of the merits of the arti- 
just become acquainte with. It is a large, o long better than any other process. Unlike cle before purchasing. The above cut is No. 3 in 
potato, deep eyes, parti-colored (red and white,) flesh ... , , . ^ „ 
white and mealy, yields well, but rots some. It is called the fence made by running parallel wires Irom the pamphlet. The sample represented is made of 
the Jenny Lind potato. I wish to ask if that is the true post to post, the woven fence is not expanded and 10 and 14 wire, 2% feet high, meshes 4 inches wide, 
name, and if it is a profitable potato to grow extensively ? contracted by heat and cold, as it acts on the Weighs lbs. per rod. Price, $1,50 per rod. 
— Wm. C. Mills, Silver Creek, Chant. Co., N. Y. principle of a combined spring. Indeed the man- The fencing is made of different heights — from 16 
We are not acquainted with this variety. Who ufacturers claim that it is “ a practicable material inches to 4 feet, we believe—and costs from 75 cents 
can answer the questions of our correspondent? f °r fencing, where the requisites are strength, to $2 per rod, according to size of mesh and weight. 
__closeness, elegance, portability, cheapness and We believe Messrs. Moore, Hebing & Co., of No. 74 
Tt'E'T'n DTnumrc nu -an a- rorc an-n durability.” For railroads, highways and lanes Main street, Rochester, are Agents for the sale of 
UXaux a JjU W lXIvr vU Jl x v A I ftl a j OUi/i •, i « i a f j , . tT . __ . , •••, 
_ it is claimed to be superior, as snow does not the Wire Fencing in this vicinity. 
Eds. Rural :—By reading your valuable paper I — : ^ = — 
discover that the subject .of “Deep Plowing vs. corn, I think it more profitable to let the sod land thing that I did not say,—is not very fair reason- 
Shallow,” is attracting the attention of practical rot without a crop until fall—then sow to wheat, ing, to say the least of it. 
farmers generally, and that both systems are be- as the heavy growth of corn stalks prevents the “All the twaddle,” says Mr. Q., “ about pervert¬ 
ing supported by intelligent men of the class above heat of the sun from reaching the roots almost as ing the laws of Gon, amounts to nothing.” To 
mentioned. In the Rural of April 16th, under effectually as deep plowing. If the increased crop this “twaddle” I must add a little more. In 
the head of “ Deep Plowing of Prairie Sod,” is an for one year on deep breaking compensates for the Ecclesiastics, iii, 14, we find this passage:—“ I 
article, from the Missouri Democrat, stating that extra labor and decreased crops of succeeding know that whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for- 
“ recent experiments in deep plowing, with the years, why, then, break deep; if not (and I con- ever; nothing can be put to it, nor anything taken 
Michigan double plow, have begun to' create tend it does not,) break shallow, and thereby save from it.” We cannot change the laws of God; 
doubts as to the correctness of the idea of shallow time and money. After the sod has become decom- they are unchangeable. In our dealings with the 
plowing.” Another from the Prairie Farmer posed, let the plow go down deeper, not ten inches creatures that He has made, we must act in 
states that "Mr. Van Doren says he gets more the first “pop,” as this is “running the thing accordance with those instincts that God has 
corn from one acre of deep plowing than from four into the groundbut increase gradually in given them; we must take those creatures and 
ordinarily plowed.” depth each year until you get to the depth desired, those instincts as we find them. “ But,” asks Mr. 
That the first sod corn crop will be greatly in- Cottonwood Falls, Chase Co., Kansas. C. S. Hill. q “if man fi as nothing to do. if God has done 
Jenny- Lind Potatoes. 
DEEP PLOWING OF PRAIRIE SOD. 
ordinarily plowed.” 
That the first sod corn crop will be greatly in¬ 
creased by deep breaking, (say five or six inches 
deep,) I do not deny; but the question 1 propose 
is:—Does it pay through a series of years ? I will 
THE APIARIANS. 
those instincts as we find them. “ But,” asks Mr. 
Q., “ if man has nothing to do, if God has done 
all, why was it necessary for man to dress and 
keep the garden of Eden ?” &c. I will answer it 
by saying that man, by violating the commands 
try and answer it both experimentally and theo- E. Kirby’s Review of Mr. Quinby’s Criticisms on of God, brought sin into the world, and some of 
retically. Three years ago I plowed a field in TIIE Apiarian Convention. those things which he has to do, are parts of the 
Wisconsin that had been under cultivation twelve Mr. Quinby says that I am “ ignorant of their penalties inflicted for that transgression. But I 
years, and yet the grass roots were more trouble- natural habits,” (that is, of the natural habits of have not contended that man has nothing to do, 
some than those of an adjoining field which had the bee,) “ and deficient in practical experience.” or that God intended him for perfect idleness, 
been cultivated only one year. I inquired into the He attempts to prove this position by an extract He asks, “ Why does man cut down the forests, 
cause and was told that it was plowed too deep from an article which appeared in the Rural of why invert the soil ?” &c., bringing up a number 
the first year. Last year I broke prairie, here in April 23d, entitled “The Apiarians in Conven- of examples in the vegetable kingdom, and reasons 
Kansas, at an average depth of three inches. In tion.” In that article I said that “ they deposit that from my argument it would appear that I 
September when I went on with my harrow to their honey at the top of the hive,” &c.; and that would take all things in their natural state, with- 
prepare for winter wheat, I found the sod entirely “after cold weather sets in they collect in the upper out bestowing upon them the arts of cultivation, 
rotted, and in as fine condition as I could w r ish. part of the hive, where they have previously pro- These questions I regard as somewhat foreign to 
During the season I broke six acres for a neighbor, vided and placed their food.” In this I claim that the subject, as I was treating, not of the Vegeta- 
fresh from New York, who had not been initiated I am right, that the expression I then made use of ble, but of a department in the Animal kingdom; 
into Western customs, consequently it must be was correct, and that Mr. Q. is wrong. We both and although the two kingdoms are somewhat 
plowed six inches deep. His corn crop surpassed admit that capped honey is in the top of the hive, analogous, yet in the main they differ pretty 
mine, I admit, but I observed him breaking it up but Mr. Q., by his manner of quoting, makes me widely. But in regard to) bees, any person who 
again this spring with a heavy breaking plow and say that they cluster upon the capped honey— has read without prejudice the article which has 
team, preparatory to another sod crop, while I am which I did not say nor imply, as I am perfectly given the gentleman so much trouble, in which I 
raising an “ old land crop” (as we term it,) on one aware that with the bee, food does not mean gave so minute a description of what I considered 
field—having plowed it with one yoke of cattle and honey alone. I am sorry to think that the author the best plan for protecting the hive, will see at 
light plow—while on another I have a fine crop of “ The Book for Bee Keepers,” and who appears once that I was by no means a stickler for having 
of wheat, simply by harrowing my last year’s to be so well acquainted with the English lan- everything in its natural state, as the gentleman 
breaking. guage, should either intentionally, or ignorantly, seems disposed to infer. I am really sorry that 
The reason that sod rots quicker in shallow misinterpret an English sentence so perfectly Mr. Q. has so far misrepresented my meaning, as 
breaking is obvious. But very little soil is turned clear and plain as the one which he has selected, he certainly has done, and I feel unwilling to think 
over with the turf, consequently the grass roots He quotes a second time this expression of mine, that he has done so willfully; but if he has done 
are more exposed to the burning heat of the sun, “ collect in the upper part of the hive, where they so, I can only remind him of the words of Holy 
and during the hot summer months are literally have previously provided and placed their food,” Writ:—“Devise not evil against thy neighbor, 
burnt up; while in deep plowing the roots are by substituting the word honey in the place of seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.” From the 
shielded from the sun by six inches of soil, thus food, and makes this change either carelessly or most reliable sources of historical information, no 
rendering the decomposition of the sod almost intentionally, so that it will read for his conve- particular place or climate can be pointed out as 
impossible. Sod rots much better without a crop uience, in order that it will better bear out the the peculiar home of the bee, and therefore we 
than with, but here, in this new country, corn is argument he is trying to advance. Now, I submit, regard Mr. Q. as having no authority for saying 
our main dependence for bread, and the newly that this using of quotation marks upon sentences that the bee was “ located by Nature in the sunny 
arrived emigrant must raise it on sod, or not at that I did not utter,—sentences changed by insert- South.” He is also greatly mistaken in supposing 
all. Where sufficient old land can be obtained for ing words which I did not use, to prove some- that bees are created for and placed in only a 
TWO DOLLARS A. YEAR.] 
PROGRESS jATSTD IAIPROVELVrEHSr’P.’ 
[ sizvg-ff; no. four cents. 
Y0I. X. NO. 26.1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-F0R THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JUNE 25, 1859. 
i WHOLE NO. 494. 
