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CHOP PROSPECTS DI THIS STATE. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
rows by hand. I hare known sulphur mixed with 
water, applied in a liquid state by means of water- 
carts during the night, and the horse-hoe immedi¬ 
ately following the water-cart. This has succeeded 
admirably. In consequence of the dryness of the 
climate in my neighborhijou (the rain-fall being on 
the average only about sixteen inches annually) I 
usually sow on the Hat; but the dressings above 
named are equally applicable to crops sown on the 
ridge.” 
Something can be done by giving extra culture 
so as to secure the best possible growth, and then 
preserving all coarse fodder, so that nothing is 
wanted. Those who have planted carrots or other 
roots, should give them a good chance by keeping 
the weeds down and the ground well cultivated.— 
An acre of ground in roots, if a good deal of labor 
is bestowed upon it, will give a large amount of 
food. 
It is too late to sow Ruta Jiagas, but the White 
Turnips maybe sown from the present time to the 
middle of August; the first sown will generally 
give the largest crop, but the late sown will be the 
soundest, and the best for keeping. The best soil 
for Turnips is a deep or sandy loam, and they 
flourish extremely well on new land. The best 
crop we ever saw in this country was grown on a 
reclaimed swamp. The owner had drained it for 
corn the next spring, but thinking he might raise 
a few turnips, as he was likely to be short of win¬ 
ter feed, sowed thinly and broadcast, and with the 
most decided success. Turnips sown in drills are 
the most easily cultivated and kept clean. They 
are exposed to numerous insect enemies, among 
which, the fly or fly-beetle is most to be dreaded. 
Remedies innumerable have been promulgated, 
but the most of them, just when depended upon, 
have failed. Observation has shown, however, 
that a rough or gritty state of the leaf will put a 
quietus upon their operations, and any substance, 
such as ashes, that will thus coat the plant, will act 
as a preventive to their destruction. After an ap¬ 
plication is made, should rains occur, the process 
iuust be repeated. (Jai'e in inis respect will almost 
insure the cultivator reward for his labors. For 
the experience of an English cultivator on this 
point, we refer our readers to the following article 
on European Agriculture. 
A somewhat extended tour over that portion of 
our State west of the meridian of Utica, has given 
a very good opportunity to notice the crops as 
they appear up to this time. 
Grass. —This crop was affected by the early dry 
weather, and in many places by the frost. In 
some portions of the midland counties the hay 
crop will only be fair, but as a whole there will not 
be one-third of a crop, even if we have rains and 
a favorable fall. Thousands of acres will not be 
mowed till August or September. Pasturage is 
also growing short, and unless refreshed with 
timely showers, must soon prove wholly inade¬ 
quate to the demands made upon it. 
Corn. —A larger breadth than ever before has 
been planted to corn, and generally the sta^ul is 
good. The frost put back the plant in many places, 
but it is coming on again well, and if we are not 
treated to a September frost, the yield will be large 
and fill up the gap in the hay crop very well. 
Winter Wheat. —Through the great wheat 
counties there is but a small breadth, but general¬ 
ly the appearance of the plant is such as to prom¬ 
ise a large yield. The Mediterranean is the pre¬ 
vailing sort sown, and should it this year escape 
the midge, immense quantities will be sown the 
coming autumn. 
In some localities the frost did immense damage, 
but the loss is not spread over much surface.— 
Though its extent and severity have been exag¬ 
gerated as a whole, the result will prove disastrous 
in limited sections. 
Winter Rye. —The cultivation of this crop, as 
well as winter barley, is spreading, and the yield this 
year must be a very satisfactory one. 
Spring Wheat, and Oats, of which unusuaj 
quantities have been sown this year, are looking 
well, yet it is too early to predict the harvest with 
any accuracy. 
Fruit is more or less injured, but as a whole 
there will be a very good crop in most sections, 
especially of Apples. 
As the result now depends, in a great measure, 
upon an early frost—or its absence—we can only 
keep hoeing, and pray for the right sort of 
weather.—p. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
Tiie Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful In Appearance. Its Conductor devotes 
Ids personal attention to the supervision of its various de¬ 
partments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates.— 
It embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, 
Kducational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with 
appropriate and beautiful Engravings, than any other jour¬ 
nal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper in America. 
The Taste of Butter. —A correspondent of the 
London Agricultural Gazette complained of the bad 
taste of his butter when the cows were fed upon 
Mangold Wortzels and beans, “ a scrupulous clean¬ 
liness being exercised in dairy utensils, the cream 
being churned once a week.” The editors called 
for an expression from dairymen upon the sub¬ 
ject, and received “answers from Warwickshire, 
Cheshire, Gloucestershire, and Devonshire.” As 
a general thing, the evil complained of had not 
been experienced by tho-^e who responded, some 
attributed it to ill-tasted weeds which were mixed 
with the fodder, and others give a remedy where 
said difficulty exists. We extract a few of these, 
as queries on this point often reach the Rural 
sanctum: 
“ 1. I have found chloride of lime very effectual 
to remove from butter the taste of turnips, or any 
other bad flavor. A drachm of it to every expected 
pound of butter put into the water of the second 
washing, after it is taken out of the churn, and the 
butter well but rapidly^rqded in it. 
“2. l)o not'feed* yf with turLiips until 
they have been previously milked, by which means 
the animal has twelve hours to get rid of the flavor 
of the vegetable. Good hay must also be given in 
sufficient quantity. I need not add great cleanli¬ 
ness not only in the cow-.house but in the dairy.— 
No stale pieces of turnip should on any account be 
allowed to remain in the manger, which should be 
cleaned out before feeding. 
“ 3. As soon as the milk is brought into the dairy, 
(warm from the cows,) pour into it, in the propor¬ 
tion of half a pint of boiling water to a gallon of 
milk; cover it over with a cloth, four times doubled, 
for half an hour; then strain and pour it into milk 
dishes to stand for cream. I have never known 
this recipe to fail, unless the dairy-maid put a 
wooden cover over the milk-pail instead of a cloth, 
which absorbs the steam. 
“4. I occupied a farm of 500 acres, and kept a 
large dairy of cows, and neuer had the taste of 
turnips in the butter, by applying hot water and 
steam, at different times, to the milk and cream, 
which entirely took away all flavor of the turnip. 
We generally made from Id. to 2 d. per pound of 
our butter more than market price. Our system 
been carried out for 40 years, and has never been 
known to fail where properly attended to. 
“ 5. Make a strong solution of nitre, and add a 
dessert-spoonful of it to every two gallons of milk 
as it is brought in from the cow. 
“ 6. The simplest and most convenient preventa¬ 
tive against turnip taint, and one to the efficacy of 
which I can speak from daily experience, is to let 
your cows have their feed of turnips immediately 
after being milked, and at no other time.” 
V0~ All communications, and business letters, should be 
addressed to D. D. T. MOOItE, Rochester, N. Y. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
OUTSIDE OF WINDOW, AND ONE-HALF OF BRICK AP.CH. 
Arnold’s side-meeting rail sash-locks, which will 
allow the upper sash to be lowered three or four 
inches, and yet be burglar proof, and it costs but 
two or three dollars more per opening than the 
common window. 
The edges of the sash, and the groves wherein 
» — -- -n— .Ti they play, should be well 
^ ~j|: oiled and not painted, which 
\ i SNIPES? |!| allow the sash to fit 
I mf r !| 5* | much closer and yet play 
1 1 easily. Arnold’s improved 
B p:/ j Lf / | sash-locks for common win- 
&L—lLlIl— I dows, and Charles Parker’s 
FI improved blind trimmings, 
^ 11 are much inadvance of any- 
jS r ij thing else nowin use for the 
y jiiL same Purposes. 
-J In constructing roofs, make 
Inside of windo w, one- the frame-work light and 
half cased up square, strong. Do not depend on the 
stiffness of timber for the support of the roof, nor on 
the strength of the plates to withstand the outward 
thrust. Either will show evidences of their weak¬ 
ness in a few years, and the remedy had better be 
applied in the beginning. The roof may receive 
its support from the partitions and foundations 
below, or from a truss; and the plates from ties or 
collar beams nailed to the lower ends of the raft¬ 
ers. Rafters 2x8 weigh and cost no more than 
those 4x4, and will support the same weight with 
only one-half the sag. The joints of the roof 
boards should come on alternate rafters, and the 
surface for slating should he true and the joints 
tight. Shingles and slate are probably the best 
roofing materials in general use, (the slate having 
the advantage in everything but the cost and lia¬ 
bility to be damaged by frost,) and for either, a 
steep pitch is preferable. Shingles should be laid 
at least one-fourth of an inch apart at the lower 
ends, (so that the dirt, as it washes down, wUl not 
clog and dam up the water,) and nailed with one 
nail only in each shingle, that they may shrink 
and swell without splitting. I see in a late num¬ 
ber of the Rural a correspondent proposes to use 
what we should call a tile roof, and what he says 
sounds rather “ sound.” Such roofs are common 
in the East, and are said to be and look heavy. 
However, if your correspondent can make a good 
roof, we will invent a support for the weight, and 
can learn to endure the looks. j. e. s. 
Pompey, Onon. Co., N. Y., 1859. 
A SHORT CROP OF HAY. 
It is pretty generally admitted that the crop of 
hay in this vicinity, and, indeed, in several States, 
is less than usual, even when uninjured by frost, 
but in many parts of the country, as we learn by 
letters from our readers, as well as by published 
statements, the injury by the June frost was quite 
material. The prospect is, therefore, that next fall 
many farmers will find themselves possessed of an 
unusually small quantity of hay, with which to 
carry them through the winter. How this de¬ 
ficiency is to be met and provided for is an impor¬ 
tant question; and even to those more favorably 
circumstanced a few thoughts may not be uninter¬ 
esting. Two plans suggest themselves, one of 
whioh, perhaps, is generally practiced under the 
circumstances. 
First, to sell off a portion of the stock ; second, 
to endeavor to keep all over the winter on rather 
short allowance. Both of these plans are unwise, 
and should only be resorted to in extreme cases, 
though the former is preferable to the latter. If a 
part is sold the farmer generally finds that the por¬ 
tion of his stock which it is to his interest to keep 
sells most readily in the market, and at the best 
prices, and he is tempted to part with those ani¬ 
mals which he should by all means keep. Articles 
which the farmer is forced to sell seldom bring a 
fair price. Such sales are about as ruinous to the 
farmer as getting notes shaved is to the merchant. 
Then, in the spring, the manure pile is small and 
the dressing given to the poor fields scanty, and 
as a consequence the next crop is inferior; and the 
evils resulting from this one act run through a 
series of years. The effects of the other course, of 
attempting to keep stock through the winter on 
short rations—just keeping soul and body to¬ 
gether without making flesh — is so evidently un¬ 
profitable and so revolting to the feelings of every 
kind-hearted man that we need not dwell upon it. 
What then can be done to avoid these evils — to 
save the farmer from the necessity of choosing be¬ 
tween the one or the other— a result from which 
many are beginning to think it almost impossible 
to escape? 
As the grass in many places, in consequence of 
the frost, was cut uncommonly early, may we not 
anticipate with favorable weather, an unusually 
good second growth, which should be made avail- 
ble not only in saving that already secured, but in 
adding to it. The season is pretty well advanced 
for planting corn for fodder, otherwise we know 
nothing that will so well supply the place of hay. 
We have, however, planted corn the middle of May 
and cut it the middle of July, two months after 
planting, the stalks being from four to five feet in 
height. Western corn, sown in drills gives an 
enormous amount of dry food. Corn grown in 
fins way cannot be well cured on the ground on 
which it is grown, as it is so bulky and contains 
so much water that it is apt to heat and mildew, 
unless spread out thin and well cared for. It is 
necessary, therefore, in most cases to draw a part 
of the crop on other ground for curing, and not to 
cut down more at a time than can be well taken 
eaie of. Many fine crops have we seen much in- 
juied by careless curing. This is particularly the 
case if the crop is cut late, or the weather proves 
unfavorable. Many have, no doubt, availed them¬ 
selves of this resource, and will have a fine crop 
of corn hag to make up for any deficency in the 
glass or clover crop. 
EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. 
In perusing the Foreign Agricultural Journals 
which we receive, we frequently note “ matter ” foi 
publication, but the crowded condition of our own 
columns frequently denies it admission, as we 
prefer to talk and present the American side of the 
question. A considerable portion of such segrega¬ 
tions, however, is eminently valuable and practi¬ 
cal to farmers in this country, and we believe a 
careful perusal of the subjoined will -well repay 
those specially interested: 
To Prevent the Ravages of the Turnip Fly.— 
At the “ Weekly Council ” of the English Royal 
Ag. Society, held June 24th, Fisher Hobbs, in ac¬ 
cordance with the request of the Society, related 
his experience in preventing the ravages of this 
fly. Mr. H. gives great importance to the prepara¬ 
tion of the soil, care of manure, &c., (which we will 
not refer to at present, as the incipient portions of 
this labor are performed in the closing months of 
the year,) and this part of the proceedings is 
based upon the principle that “ prevention is better 
than cure.” The “cure” is simply the applica¬ 
tion of top-dressings. Mr. Hobbs remarked as 
follows:—“I have tried various experiments, 
steeping the seed, and top-dressings, for upwards 
of thirty years, but though sometimes successful I 
could not depend on any of them until I adopted 
my present system, and I think it is only fair that 
I should state that I derived the chief features as to 
the use of this top-dressing from my late bailiff, 
Mr. 0. Hawkins, who came to me some nine years 
since with an especial recommendation on this 
point; in fact, he himself engaged to secure the 
turnip plant from the ravages of the fly, adding 
that he was willing to give up his situation im¬ 
mediately if he could not do so. I can only add 
that for eight years, during the whole time he was 
with me, he fulfilled all he promised in this respect. 
The following is Mr. Hawkins’ recipe for a top¬ 
dressing:—1 bushel of white gas-ashes, (gas-lime,) 
fresh from the gas-liouse; 1 bushel of fresh lime 
from the kiln, 0 lbs. of sulphur, aud 10 lbs. of soot, 
well mixed together and got to as fine a powder as 
possible, so that it may adhere to the young plant. 
The above is sufficient for two acres when drilled 
at 27 inches. It should bo applied very early in 
the morning, when the dew is on the leaf—a broad¬ 
cast machine being the most expeditious mode of 
distributing it, or it may be sprinkled with the 
hand carefully over the rows. If the fly continues 
troublesome the process should be repeated; by 
this means 200 to 220 acres of turnips, Swedes, and 
rape have been grown on my farms annually for 
eight or nine years, without a rod of ground losing 
plants. The above is a strong dressing, to be used 
when the fly is very numerous, and has never failed 
when applied at night. Numerous experiments 
have been tried, and amongst them I recommend 
the following in ordinary cases, and intend to use 
it during the present season if necessary :—14 lbs. 
of sulphur, 1 bushel of fresh lime, and 2 bushels of 
road scrapings per acre, mixed together for a few 
days before it is used, and applied at night, either 
by means of a small drill, or strewed along the 
HOUSE BUILDING.-NO. IV. 
In resuming our subject, let us take matters in 
the same order that the builder will be most likely 
to, and consider in this number the form and con¬ 
struction of the apertures, and the framing and 
covering of the roof. Although it is not our in¬ 
tention to raise these articles to the dignity of a 
work on Architecture, yet we must have more or less 
to say about style and appearance, and will en¬ 
deavor to do so in a matter-of-fact way, keeping in 
mind Ruskin’s great maxim :—“ Until Common 
Sense finds its way into Architecture there can be 
but little hope for it.” 
If you build of wood, make the openings square 
heads, except perhaps in the gables or dormer 
windows. Couple or triple them if you choose, 
but do not circle the tops. You have no use for 
the arch, (the space above being self-snpporting, 
both apparently and really,) and if you make 
them circling, you double the expense merely for 
show, and your windows will demonstrate more 
forcibly than words can, perhaps, that you are 
foolish. 
Hoods over the windows, where outside blinds 
are dispensed with, can be made an ornamental 
feature in the modern styles of building, and have 
a practical advantage beside—i. e., the upper sash 
can be lowered in stormy as well as pleasant 
weather, which is a better ventilator than most 
houses have. If your building is of brick or stone, 
and good, sound cut stone lintels can be easily 
obtained, it will be your cheapest way to span the 
openings with them, but if they cannot be had, the 
better way will be to use an arch made of the same 
material as the building, and the higher it is in 
proportion to the width the better. If what is 
worth doing at all is worth doing well, then make 
the arch a semi-circle, or pointed gothic, if the 
building is in that style. 
Arched openings undoubtedly add to the expense, 
as well as to the beauty of a building, but not so 
materially if the arch is continued back only to 
the sash. This is sufficient for all practical pur¬ 
poses, and even better on some accounts, as it 
admits of using either the common curtain fix¬ 
tures, inside shutters, or blinds. (See illustra¬ 
tion.) 
If outside blinds are used, the upper portion, as 
far down as the spring of the arch, should be 
stationary. In this way they will not appear un¬ 
sightly when the lower half is open. Probably 
the be~t way yet invented to hang the sash is to 
■ balance them with weights, and fasten (hem with 
IIow to Use Guano. —Among our European 
brethren Guano is very much used, and the suc¬ 
cess which a great majority of English cultivators 
have had, has wonderfully stimulated the demand 
for this valuable fertilizer. American farmers are 
beginning to learn its worth as a stimulant, and 
each year witnesses a large increase in sales, par¬ 
ticularly in the Eastern and Southern States.— 
Such being the fact, the following rules, from the 
Mark Lane Express, will doubtless prove of utility, 
especially to those unacquainted with the manner 
of application: 
'‘First .—Never mix guano with anything; all 
lime, compost, ashes and similar expedients, too 
often contain caustic alkali to drive off the ammo- 
niacal parts before the soil can surround and absorb 
them. 
“ Second .—Mix it as much as possible with the 
soil, not too deeply, but plow it in after sowing it 
broadcast. 
“ Third .—If applied as a top-dressing—which is 
rarely advisable—always apply it, if possible, be¬ 
fore rain, or when snow is on the ground; and if 
on arable land, harrow, hoe or scuffle immediately 
after the operation. 
“ Fourth .—For speedy and powerful operation, 
apply on limited surfaces dissolved in water. 
“ Fifth .—If sowed with drilled grain, or, indeed, 
with any seed whatever, it should never come in 
contact. 
“Lastly .—Be sure to get, if possible, the genuine 
article, and use per acre, from two to three hundred 
pounds!” 
PLOWING, PLOWS AND TEAMS. 
II. K. F., Esq., — Sir :—Yours entitled “To Plow 
Boys,” in No. 492 of Rural New-Y'orker, is all 
correct, and good advice to young or old farmers, 
except some things I will notice. Who ever heard 
of a science farmer being injured in or about the 
breast when following his plow ? Such a thing is 
now only in the history of the past, when wo were 
boys, and our father’s plows were made under the 
old constitution. This is an age of improvement 
and experience, and we must he readers and hard 
students to keep up with the age. 
Y’our having a team steady, and attractive, and 
well broke, setting the bolt, and shortening and 
letting out the tugs is all correct ; and striking the 
first furrow, and straightening and inverting when 
you plow green sward or other lands, is equally 
right, and about a Plow Boy being a discoverer, is 
also true. But to walk outside of the furrow, or 
talk of breaking ribs or fracturing breasts, is all 
out of order and not true. If your plow kicks, (as 
Buckeyes say,) there is something not right about 
the draft, and the manufacturer did not understand 
Systematic Labor accomplishes far more than 
that without plan or order, and with more ease. 
TWO 
DOLLARS A. YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS 
ATSTID IMPROVEMENT.” 
[ SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 
VOL. 
X. NO. 28.} 
ROCHESTER N. Y.-FOR THE 
WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1859. 
{WHOLE NO. 496. 
