9 
THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. 
to a city like this. Rochester is peculiarly situated, 
and has remarkable adaptations for seats of learn¬ 
ing. The highest conditions known to the best 
city life may be found and enjoyed here, m connec¬ 
tion with the peerless attractions and more solid 
enjoyments of the best rural life. It is a city of 
Schools and Churches, of productive industry aud 
high culture; and has comparatively none of those 
vices which are so prevalent and destructive in our 
large commercial cities. It is but natural, there¬ 
fore, that many men who have sous to educate, and 
who have acquired an ample fortune in metropoli¬ 
tan marts, or in prosperous country avocations, 
should be attracted hither by the educational ad¬ 
vantages offered by our University, and by the 
purer and more elevated enjoyments of our city 
life. This will give to us the advantage of their 
accumulated means as a productive element, and 
the still greater advantage of their society, experi¬ 
ence and benevolence. We might mention other 
benefits of like kind, both immediate and incidental, 
accruing to our city by means of the University, 
and others of a still higher nature which the mere 
utilitarian can neither conceive nor comprehend ; 
but the object we aimed at will be accomplished if, 
by the few practical suggestions we have made, 
the attention and thoughts of our people shall be 
turned to the University as an object worthy of 
their constant solicitude and highest favor. More 
of the sons of Rochester parents should enter the 
halls of learning in this University. It has a 
Faculty equal to any in our country. The sons of 
the rich can here be educated without leaving the 
enjoyments or the salutary restraints of home; and 
the sons of the poor can here, almost without 
money and without price, receive an education as 
thorough and extended as can be acquired in this 
country. Wbat other American city offers oppor¬ 
tunities so great? 
[This Institution is a model in its line, and 
worthily represents the taste, enterprise and lib¬ 
erality of its founders aud the citizens of Rochester 
and Western New York. It is accomplishing so 
much in behalf of liberal education, and has so 
many ardent friends among our readers throughout 
COMMENCEMENT WEEK IN ROCHESTER. 
GAPES IN CHICKENS. 
Tne Annual Commencement Exercises of the 
University of Rochester, and the Anoiversarv of 
the Rochester Theological Seminary, were ce!e- 
b'a’ed la-t week. Though the weather was ex¬ 
ceedingly warm, most of the exercises were attend¬ 
ed by large, intelligent and appreciative audiences, 
including many friends of these institutions from 
abroad. We are unable to give more than a brief 
synopsis of the most prominent of the very interest¬ 
ing and creditable proceedings of the week. 
On Sunday evening, July 10tb, the Rev. Dr. 
IIiTcncocK, of the Union Theological Seminary, 
preached before the “Judson Society.” In the 
ai't-moon of the Uth Prof James B. Angell, of 
Brown Uoiv«rs'ty, delivered an address before the 
‘•Robinson Rhetorical Society.” On Thursday, 
14 to tu.-t., the Ninth Anniversary of the Theologi¬ 
cal Seim nary wus duly honored at the First Bap- 
ti.-t Church— the exercises compri.-ing Orations by 
the Graduating Class, Music, aud an Address to the 
Graduates hy the Rev. Dr. Robinson. The Gradu¬ 
ating class numbered twelve, as follows: — J. R. 
Bellamy. Newark, N. Y.; F. J. Cather, Va; M. 
Jameson, Linos, N. Y ; Charles F. Weston, Me.; 
Addison Jones, 0; R. M. Knott, Me.; D. M. 
Reeves, <\lu.; E. T. Robinson, Rochester, N. Y.; 
A. fl. Strong, Rochester, N. Y.; N. Sheppard, 
Philadelphia; G. A. Starkweather, 0.; W. C. 
Wilkinson, Mich. 
The Auidveisarv Exercises of theSeminary were 
h'ghty creditable io both Students and Professors, 
aed most encouraging to the friends of the institu¬ 
tion and its laudab'e objects—the proper education 
and training of intellectually endowed and devout 
Young Men for the Christiau Ministry. Under tbe 
charge of Rev. 1 r Robinson, and Rev. Professors 
Hotchkiss, Northrop and Rosenbausch, the Roch- j 
e-ter Theological Seminary is attaining a reputa- j 
tinn and influence which must give it a prominent j 
position among the best institutions of its class in j 
tins country—rendering it eminently worthy the ! 
eucou'agement aud support of the denomination it j 
represents, (Baptist,) aud the best wishes of the 
religious community generally. 
The Prize Dec’amations by members of the 
Sophomore Class of the Uoiversity, on Monday I 
evening we- e very commendable—superior to those 
of any previous class we havo hc-ard. 
A Di-course commemorative of the late Jonx 
N. Wilder, President of tbe Board of Trustees of, 
the University, was delivered by President Ander¬ 
son, on Tuesday afternoon. 
Tuesday evening was devoted to the Anniver- 
sa'y of th« D<-lphic and Pithoman Societies, con¬ 
nected with the University, when an Oration was 
delivered bv Dr. J. G. Holland, of Springfield, 
Mass., and a Poem read bv Rev. vv. c. hichards, 
of Providence, II. I. Wednesday A. M . tbe usual ’ 
.Commencement Exercises took place at Corinthian i 
Hall, ami our University completed tt>e Academic . 
y«ar by commencing another. The Graduating 
class numbered twenty-seven members, and its ■ 
representatives ably performed the tasks assigned ( 
them, at once honoring themselves, the class of . 
1859. and the>r Alma Muter. j 1 
After the delivery of the Orations, the Bacca- i 
Messrs Eds 
You wilt confer a errat favor, I think 
upon tunny of your renders, and particularly myself, by 
corariiuulcatins through the columns of the Rural the 
cause, preventive, and cure <>f the Gapes in chickens. 
I am entirely ignorant upon Hits subject, having just 
commenced the raising of poultry. 
Ksopus, N. Y., 1859. C. Bulkley. 
Remarks. —We have had a good deal of experi¬ 
ence with poultry, and only by care to have every¬ 
thing cleao, and to provide everything necessary 
for the young chickens, have we been able to save 
them from t-h's disease. Even then, some become 
affected, and in curing we have had but poor suc¬ 
cess. For the benefit of all our young readers we 
give a chapter on tfl’S disease from Bernard's Poul¬ 
try Book. Preserve it, and you will have the fact 3 
on hand at a'l times. 
Gapes —Of ad diseases, real or presumed, to 
which our domestic fowls are subjected, the most 
frequent is «he gapes, sometimes called pip. It is 
a very common and troublesome disorder, and 
often proves fatal. All dome.-t'c birds, pnrticu- 
ly young fowls, are peculiarly liable to it, and 
generali in the hot weather of July and August. 
By some it is considered a catarrhal disease, simi¬ 
lar to the influenza in human beings, producing a 
thickened state of the membrane lining the nostrils, 
mouth and tongue. 
Causes —This disease is supposed to be produced 
from filthy, sour diet, and drinking from dirty 
puddle water, infected with putrid decaying sub¬ 
stances, ill-ventilated fowl-house confinement, or a 
spot of ground tenanted year after year by fowls, 
without attention to cleanliness, to renovation of 
the sod. e'c. At the same time, let it be borne in 
muid that, the “ gapes” is an epidemic disease. 
Tbe gapes is supposed by some to be caused by a 
sort of internal worm infesting the wind-pipe; but 
though this may have, in some instances, been 
observed, it is bv no means uniformly met with in 
all tbe disorders accompanied with gaping. 
Symptoms. —The name is sufficiently expressive 
as to tne symptoms of this disease; gaping, cough¬ 
ing, and sneezing, dullness and inactivity, ruffled 
feathers, and loss of appetite. 
On the di-section of chickens dying with this 
disea-e, it will be found that tbe wind pipe cootains 
numerous small red worms about the size of a small 
cambric needle; on the first glance they would 
likely be mistaken for blood-vessels. Itissupposed 
that these worms continue to increase in size until 
1 the wind-pipe becomes comp'etely filled up, and 
the chicken suffocated. The disease first shows 
itself wbeu the chicken is between three and four 
months o'd, and not generally after, by causing a 
sneezing or snuffing through the nostrils, and a 
Lequent scratching of itself at the roots of the bill. 
Treatment. —The plan formerly adopted, of giv¬ 
ing lemedies internally to remove the worms, is 
not a good one, as the medicine bas to be absorbed, 
pass into the blood, and act powerfully upon the 
body of tbe fowl, before i's purpose can be accom¬ 
plished ; its direct Application to the worms is 
therefore preferable. This is readily secured by 
stiipoiog tbe vane from a small quill feather, ex¬ 
cept half an inch from iis extremity; this should 
then be dipped in spirits of turpentine; and, tbe 
chicken being securely held by an assistant, the 
feather so prepared is passed neatly down through 
the small npeniog of the wind-pipe, which is readily 
seen at the base of tbe tongue, and giving it one or 
two turns will generally bring up and destroy the 
worms. The turpentine at once kills tbe worms, 
and its application excites a fit of coughing, during 
which those that were >eft by the feather are ex¬ 
pelled. Thus mode of application requires some 
dexterity, and at times tbe irritation proves fital. 
We therefore suggest tbeshutiingup of the chicken 
in a box, with some sbaviugs dipped in spirits of 
tnrpent'ne, when the vapor arising from the ex¬ 
tended surface, produces, in most cases, an equally 
beneficial result. Creosote, used in the same man¬ 
ner, has been found most extraordinarily effica¬ 
cious. 
Prevention. —We know a person, a very large 
b'eeder of fowls, who always gives bis chickens, 
at six weeks old, wheat steeped in turpentine.— 
Tnis is given them once in the morning, when 
fasting, and as a preventive against, instead of 
waiting for the arrival of, the gapes. Let their 
first food be coarse corn meal, almost dry; then 
give cracked corn. As soon as they can swa'low 
whole grains, let them have them unbroken. All 
poultry-yards, of course, should be supplied with 
lime, and the chickens should have free access to 
water. After the gapes appear, the cuie is always 
doubtful; but crushed corn, soaked in very strong 
alum-water, is a good remedy. 
sity and to themselves. Some men are prone to 
regard our higher institutions of learning as mere 
exotics—as something apart from and above the 
common people—as objects proper to engage the 
attention and command the patronage of the rich, 
but with which men in humble and moderate 
circumstances have nothing to do. This view is a 
mistaken one, and any action or course of conduct 
based upon it, must be injurious to all concerned. 
The University should be regarded os established 
by and for the benefit of the whole people. There 
is not. a ci'izeu of Rochester so humble that he may 
not and does not receive some benefit, either edu¬ 
cational or pecuniary, or both, from the University. 
On the other hand, the University is chiefly in¬ 
debted to the practical recognition of this fact on 
the part of the people at large for its distinguished 
success. 
The University has been in operation about ten 
years. It has graduated nine classes, and one 
hundred and sixty-three students—a result which 
j may challenge comparison by any other College in 
•our land. It has an endowment of $232,000. The 
j Theological Seminary which, though under a dis- 
■ tinct charter, yet working so closely and so inti- 
! mateiy with the University, that they may be 
regarded as twin sisters, bas an endowment of 
about $100,000. Here there is a fund of $332,000 
set apart for the purpose of Academical and Relig¬ 
ious education in our midst. The subscribers to 
this fund number about eight hundred—their sub¬ 
scriptions ranging from $25 to $25,000. There are 
now in all the classes, about two hundred students. 
Their number has increased from year to year so 
rapidly and constantly, that wo may safely predict 
that in a very few years our University will rival 
in the number of its students, as it does now in 
almost everything else, the oldest and the best of 
American Colleges. The price of tuition is, for 
those who pay at all, $37,50 a year. The city of 
Rochester is entitled to twelve perpetual free 
scholar Tbco© aw octwieci on me 
ground of merit from the Public Schools of Roches¬ 
ter. They cannot be taken from any private or 
select school. This provision made by the Univer¬ 
sity, crowning as it does, our admirable system of 
SLEEPING ROOMS, 
The largest part of our rest is taken in sleep. 
Of course the kind of room in which we sleep is 
worthy of consideration. Hofeland says:—“It 
must not be forg"t'eo that we spend a considerub e 
poition ot our lives in tne bed-chamber, aud con¬ 
sequently that its heaiih'nessor unhealihness can¬ 
not fail to have a very important influence upon 
our well being.” It should at least be large. Tnat 
is of prime importance, because during the several 
hours that we aie iu bed, we need to breathe a 
great deal of air, and our health is injured when we 
are obliged to bieathe it several times over. We 
should at least pay as much a'tention to tbe s>ze, 
situation, temperature and c'eaniincss of the room 
we occupy dur ing the horns of repose, as to the 
parlors or drawing-room, or any other apartment. 
Aud yet how different from this is the geoeial 
practice of families. The smallest room iu the 
house is commonly set apaH for the bed and its 
nightly occupants. The sleeping room should have 
a good location, so as to be dry. It should be kept 
clean, and neither too hot nor too cold. And more 
important still, it should be well ventilated. One 
bed occupied by two persons is as much as shou'd 
ever be allowed in a single room ; though two beds 
in a large room me no worse than one in a small 
room. Both ate objectionable .—Ira Warren, M. D. 
ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES, 
Professor Wilber, State Geologist of Illinois, 
has recently delivered a series of admirable lectures 
on his favorite science. We copy from the Genesee 
Republican the following abstract of his theory on 
the origin and formation of the prairies: 
Prof. Wilber adopts the theory that atone time— 
very' far back in its history—this vast country 
formed a portion of tbe bottom ocean—that through 
tlio eott cvvacticr- tnvNr . by t!i<j rooks of 
the labor of the zoophytes, unmistakable in its de¬ 
velopment; the frequent discs very of the remains 
of monsters of the sea imbefl'ted in our limestone 
system, the existence upon our surface of huge 
boulders, the former appendages of polar shores, 
drifted far away to the south-west, imbedded in 
huge frames of ice and dropped down at length 
upon the ocean’s bed, whence they arose with our 
continent. The arguments, if not quite conclusive, 
are eminently suggestive, and should open the eyes 
of thinking men to the wondrous mysteries buried 
deep in the earth upon which we so familiarly 
tread. 
The existence of our prairies is accounted for in 
this wise. The result of the “drift system” was to 
give to this part of the country a soil of unparal¬ 
lelled fertility, and arising from this, were the 
very large grasses, which are peculiar to this soil 
alone; luxuriant, and undisturbed, they grow to a 
great height, and fairly wove tbe suiface of the 
earth with a thick, almost impenetrable covering. 
In the autumn, when this mass of combustible 
matter was dry, how easy for a shaft of lightning 
to send a conflagration from one boundary of the My 2 > U, 7, l is a berry 
country to the other. The sprouting twigs of stur- 14 ' 10 is a 
dier growth would perish by the occurrence of My 18 ’' 6 ’ 21 * 810 faste 
these fires, and hence the treeless appearance of r '””‘ a 
m ... , lr My 2l, 22. 24 is an arue 
the West. To aid the idea, it is clamied that the ,, .« Q OQ 
My 15, 8, 28 is »n an an 
Indians, when they did arrive, which is supposed My 13. 29 23, 26 are v..< 
to have been long subsequent to the first period My 4, 6,12 is a d.>mesti 
mentioned, regularly burned the prairie grasses, j My wnoie is a trite 
for the purpose of driving the game into more cir- often be impressed tip.> 
cumscribed quarters so that ;t might fall an easy Hopewell, N. Y., 1851 
prey to their arrows, and to lessen the difficulty of YYP Answer iu two 
travelim 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorktr. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA. 
■Life Illustrated. 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
GEOGRAPHICAL ENIGMA. 
A SHORT CHAPTER ABOUT MONEY. 
I am composed of 37 letters. 
My 28,9. 12, 34 is one of tne United States. 
My 5. 7, 33, 33, 15, 4 13 a lake in Soudan. 
My 29, 34. 6, 87, 80 is a cape of Europe. 
My 2,10,15,13,11 is a river in Europe. 
My 82, 84,14, 28, 8, 16, 34 is a city in Asia. 
My 82, 20, 2i, 8. 16, 34 is a government of N. America. 
My 1, 26 22. 23, 8, 25 is an empire of Europe. 
My 18, 19, 11, 21 , 18, 23, 86, 6 15,18 is a town iu Virginia. 
My 31, 2,18, 35 is a river iu Europe. 
My 17, 84 26, 18 is a cape of South America. 
My 24, 2, IS, 27. 11 is a river in Europe. 
My wh«le was an illustrious European philosopher. 
Cannon Palls, Minn., Is59. WiLBoa H. Scofield. 
Answer in two weeks. 
It arose in the degree of desire by which one 
thing was more wanted than another. The most 
desired commodity was taken in exchange. Barth, 
iu Negritia, was a whole day exchanging to get at 
some particular article. He found narrow strips 
of cottoii to be money. Iu South Africa lances are 
this medium of exchange. They have one advan¬ 
tage—they may be kept without spoiling. That is 
a requisite. Wo all want ice in summer, but it 
would hardly do to make it a medium of exchange. 
Clapperton speaks of blocks of salt used for money 
iu the interior of Africa; Prescott, the historian, of 
cocoa beans in Mexico. This money first suggests 
itself and grows naturally out of the state of things. 
People don’t come together and say let us adopt 
money. It comes unto us. It is also not merely 
an exchangeable thing, but it is used to value other 
commodities. It is not a measure of value, taken 
in the abstract sense, for there are two tilings to be 
valued, the money and what it buys. We notice 
the motive of acquiring it, oftener vanity than 
utility, though the latter is not excluded. Barba¬ 
rous people seek ornaments, but commonly of some 
lasting material, as the metals. For centuries 
money was weighed. The Jews, who had no coin, 
always weighed it. This survives in the names of 
pounds, ounces, livre, mina, all derived from 
weight. The first coined money was private 
money. Bechtler, a German, for a time, carried 
on private coinage in Rutherford county, North 
crowned with a structure more imposing than any¬ 
thing now existing in Rochester. The plans of the 
buildings are already drawn, and the work of con¬ 
struction will be pressed rapidly forward. 
* * * * -x- -x- 
As we before remarked, eight hundred men have 
subscribed to the funds of the University. These, 
of course, are men of liberality and benevolence • 
aud many of them possess large means. They 
have in their own persons and by their example 
incited to the highest realization the blessings of 
giving. They have given us a pledge of their per¬ 
manent good will and substantial favor. Many of 
them live at a distance, but they come up annually, 
and some of them much oftener, to witness the re¬ 
sults ol their benefactions, and to connect their 
interests more intimately and strongly with ours. 
We need not say to the merchant, the manufac¬ 
turer, or other intelligent business man, that an 
institution which brings to our city so many men 
ot benevolence and wealth, and which educates so 
many joung men to go abroad with the attain¬ 
ments and connections formed here, confers im¬ 
mense material benefits upon the city and all its 
people. There is another advantage which a pros¬ 
perous and successful University is sure to bring 
SPRINGS AND TIDES. 
cises, tbe President, B >ard, Alumni and invited 
guests proceeded to Pa mir’s Hull and participa¬ 
ted in the pleasures of the Annual Alumni Dinner, 
not. the least interesting of which was “ the least 
of reason aud flow of soul” which followed the 
appetizing portion of the banquet. The occasion 
was altogether most agreeable and entertaining. 
The handsome introductory remarks of Mr. Jame¬ 
son, President of the Alumni Association, aud of 
President Anderson, were followed by speeches 
partaking of the grave aud gay, lively and serene, 
from guests and graduates—the remaiks of the 
representatives of tbe various classes being alter¬ 
nated (or “sandwiched”) with those of friends 
who were not graduates of the University. 
— Taken altogether, the exercises of Commence¬ 
ment Week were apparently most pleasaut, inter- 
esting and piofitable to all participants, and of 
t-ueh a character as to augment the reputation and 
use'ulness of both the Seminary aud University— 
inslm,iions of which the citizens of Rochester 
and Western New York (and indeed of the whole 
‘ lale ) ra ay well be proud. 
Messrs. Eds: —The article in the Young Buralist 
of June 11th, io regard to the “Supply ofSti earns,” 
may be correct in some points; but the theory in 
regard to tbe same influence governing the sources 
of streams, aud causing the water to flow, that gov¬ 
erns the tides, is not founded on good philosophy. 
The flow ot the tides is an unsteady or periodical 
motion, and Dot a steady oDe as in the case of water 
issu'Dg from tbe earth in.springs. The same cause 
cannot produce the same results. Then the idea of 
the earth’s press'og the water up, is, I tbmk, 
equally wrong philosophy. There is no principle 
in hydrostatics that 1 am acquainted w ith that will 
warrant the condition. The subject is an inter¬ 
esting one, and I should like to have it more 
thoroughly agitated and discussed, but Dot to your 
iocoaveoience. In other words, I can’t insist on 
others doing the talking and your doing the work 
unless you say come on. James B. Tibbits. 
Franklin Grove, Id., 1S59. 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorki 
ARITHMETICAL PROBLEM. 
Two persons, A and B, bought 5 bushels 
for whicn tnev paid $4 —A paying 1 % tunes a: 
B. Afterwards C gives them 1-5 as miien as . 
hj «»f the apples. Now. suppo-mg tne (5 run 
pies to he equa'lv divided i» nvwn a, B, an 
much of the money wmcn C paid had A on, 
ceive? j, 
Chur lotto, Eaton Co , Mich., 1859. 
(W Answer iu two weeks. 
ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS, &c., IN No. 496, 
Answer to Chemical Enigma: - Plants receive nour¬ 
ishment from the air as well as from the earth. 
Answer to Surveying Question:—Base 83 chains, 68 
links, nearly - perpendicular 5 chains, 94 links, nearly. 
A man’s being is given him wherewith to under¬ 
stand all other beings. 
