dustrious man is as much respected there as here, 
(so far as L have been able to discern.) Labor is 
not confined to the Northern people exclusively; 
there are many Virginians who “ put their hand 
to the plow,” and think it no disgrace. There has 
been a settlement of the “ Friends ” or “ Quakers ” 
in Loudoun county for over half a century, (origin¬ 
ally from Pennsylvania,) who have always em¬ 
ployed free labor and labored themselves, and 
their general intelligence, good schools, highly 
cultivated farms, valuable buildings, fine stock, 
Ac., afford a strong argument in favor of the 
“dignity of labor.” Their example has had an 
influence on those around them, and although they 
are nearly forty miles from Washington, their 
farms sell from $50 to $70 per acre. No person 
need have any fears of being disrespected on 
account of labor in Northern or Western Virginia. 
As to the climate, away from large or sluggish 
streams it is emphatically healthy; but near such 
streams, ague and fevers prevail in the latter part 
of summer and in autumu. The weather is not 
subject to such extreme changes a3 in more north¬ 
ern latitudes. Spring opens at least a month 
earlier than in Western New York, and winter 
commences a month later. The winters are fre¬ 
quently so open that farmers do much of their 
plowing for spring crops. The summers are a 
little more subject to drouth than in New York. 
Fruit culture has not received the attention that 
its importance demands, but the people are awaken¬ 
ing to the subject, and many fine orchards have 
already been piunted. Apples, pears, peaches, 
cherries, quinces, grapes, &c., succeed well. 
There is considerable of the original growth of 
timber yet standing, and the laud after beiDg 
cleared is productive. Wood and timber is in 
demand, and new facilities are opening for con¬ 
veyance to mai'ket. 
There is a vast amount of water power in Vir¬ 
ginia that is not applied to any purpose. At the 
“Great Falls” of the Potomac, about ten miles 
above Georgetown, is power enough (if applied to 
manufacturing purposes,) to employ hundreds of 
people, yet only sufficient is used to carry one saw¬ 
mill. It is beginning to attract the attention of 
Northern capitalists, however, and will no doubt 
ere long, be converted to some useful purpose. 
To persons contemplating locating in Virginia 
I would say, go and see the country; mingle with 
Northern people who have settled there; go thro’ 
Fairfax, Loudoun, and ifyou wantto see a very fine 
country, go through Clark and Frederic counties, 
where land is worth as much per acre as in West¬ 
ern New York. But remember and not buy too 
much “worn out land” because it is cheap. I 
will cheerfully answer any further inquiries if 
addressed to me at West Brighton, Monroe county, 
New York. Thomas Hazard. 
[Advertisement.] From the New England Farmer. 
33 ElIC-HIVES. 
I have put off re-writing the article on bee-hives 
that I mailed to your address some mouths since, 
hoping that it might turn up. Notfseeing it in the 
Farmer, I suppose the little money enclosed For 
the advertisement tempted some thf e f among the 
mailiL who took the money and ^destroyed the 
iwtioiV. "Xiie arlic/e referred in , in reply to 
“ Norfolk,” on a charge of inconsistency, wherein 
; he accuses me of “ Preaching what I do not prac¬ 
tice. That my instructions are not for myself,” 
&c. This, as far as myself is concerned, amounts 
to but little, but perhaps some readers of the 
Farmer might wish to know as well as “ Norfolk,” 
what right I have to recommend one hive, and af¬ 
terwards use another. I intend to make a full 
confession, and if it does not fully exculpate me 
from blame, it may somewhat modify their feelings. 
I would say first, that I cannot be charged with 
altering some simple thing about a bee-hive, then 
obtaining a patent, and charging all a few dollars, 
who can be persuaded to use it. All that the bee 
needs in a state of nature, is a cavity suitable for 
rearing her broods, and depositing her stores for 
winter. All that man requires in addition, is an 
apartment that can be removed with surplus 
stores. A single box in the plainest form was 
used for twenty-five years, and nothing found to 
surpass it in convenience, safety, economy or 
profit. Believing it the best for the apiarian of any 
class, I recommended no other in the work alluded 
to by “ Norfolk.” And now for the sake of being 
consistent, must I adhere to this throughout, and 
deny myself the advantages that may arise from 
the minds of others ? I think I would rather risk 
his charge of inconsistency. “ The best way is as 
good as any,” and the moment that a man settles 
down into the belief that he has arrived at the 
summit of improvement, there is no further ad¬ 
vancement for him. There is a vast difference in 
the ability to discriminate between what is an im¬ 
provement, and what is said to be. 
The Rev. L. L. Langstroth presented me with 
the movable frame, or movable comb-hive; I saw 
at once, that I could, if I chose, still use the sim¬ 
ple box with the addition of the frames, and I 
could take out and return to the hive all the combs 
without injury to a single bee. I transferred bees 
and combs into some of these in the spring of ’56. 
In ’57 and ’58, I introduced new swarms in a large 
number, and have found the following advantages. 
Most apiarists know that their stocks are quite 
liable in some seasons to overswarm, and have 
witnessed with regret, swarms too small to be 
worth anything alone, continue to issue till the 
parent stock was reduced too much, to contend 
successfully with the worms. And as a conse¬ 
quence, both old and new colenies would be lost. 
With the help of the frames, such ruinous opera¬ 
tions can be prevented. A few days after the first, 
and just before the second swarm, the comb can 
be examined, and all the queen-cells removed but 
one. When the queen in that matures, it finds no 
opposition — quietly remains, and soon becomes 
the mother in the old stock. I will presume that 
the natural history relative to this point is under¬ 
stood. This operation cannot be performed with 
a hive, in which the combs are fast. 
Artificial swarms are successfully made with but 
' ery little trouble, as follows. When most of the 
bees are out in the middle of the day, taking out 
the frames, looking them over carefully till the 
queen is found, when the frame containing her is 
put in an empty hive, setting that on the old stand; 
and putting the old stock in a new place. Enough 
bees will return to the old queen to make the 
swarm. If done at the proper season, enough 
brood will be in the combs, together with those 
just matured, to keep the old stock sufficiently 
strong If no queen-cells about finished are pres- 
sent in the stock, it is nearly always practical to 
procure one from some other, with a queen nearly 
mature, to introduce, and thereby gain several 
days in breeding. 
If, from any cause, a stock or swarm is weak, 
but otherwise healthy, it may be assisted by some 
strong colony, merely by taking a comb or two 
filled with brood, and giving it to the weak one. 
In a few days, the maturing brood will add ma¬ 
terially to its strength. In the same way, their 
winter stores may be equalized in the fall; some 
stocks will have too much, and others too little. 
The changing of a few combs will make ail right 
and benefit all. 
Nature bad to provide drones for isolated colo¬ 
nies, and when we bring together a large number, 
this instinct for rearing drones is retained, and 
each produces its number; wheu in reality there 
is no necessity in an apiary of fifty or a hundred 
stocks for any more droDes than two or three colo¬ 
nies might produce. So many drones cannot be 
reared without much labor of the working bees, 
and cannot be supported afterwards without a 
great consumption of honey. Several patents have 
been granted, the chief merit of which is a trap to 
catch and destroy them. But with the movable 
combs, we can take the matter into our own hands, 
and say in the spring whether we will have thirty, 
three hundred, or three thousand, reared in any 
stock. It is done by removing the drone comb, or 
any part of it, and substituting worker combs 
instead. Without these cells the bees cannot rear 
drones if they would. It is now pretty well de¬ 
monstrated, that the eggs of a healthy queen are 
all alike, and the sex of the future bee depends on 
the cell in which it is deposited. If every drone 
we have reared was a worker, it would not only 
support itself, but would be likely to add to the 
common stores. The advantages would be, in 
having just enough. 
The size of the hive can be graduated to suit the 
wants of any colony. If there are too many combs 
to be properly protected from the moth, a part 
may be taken away, and returned as needed. 
The loss of queens in most apiaries is a serious 
damage. Except within the first few days after its 
occurrence, there is no further means of ascertain¬ 
ing this fact, short of several weeks; by which 
time it is often too late to save the stock. But 
with the frames it can be ascertained at any time; 
and after the young queen commences her mater¬ 
nal duties, only a minute or two is required to 
examine the brood combs; any cells containing 
eggs or brood indicate her presence. If she is lost, 
another can be provided in time to save the stock. 
These are some, hut not all the advantages that 
I have found in the movable combs. Suppose that 
I had recommended this movable comb hive im¬ 
mediately on being satisfied that I could make it 
proHtaUie?; and then, as with, many other beautiful 
theories, failed in practice. I should have been 
Worse off, th/tu to be loused of “preaching what 
I'did not practice.” Prudence should prevent any 
one from recommending an improvement based 
on theory alone. “ Consistency ” dictates a dif¬ 
ferent course. I have now used these frames three 
summers, and know from experience what I say 
respecting them. Having found them beneficial 
for myself, I think they might be so to others, and 
consider it a duty to give the public all the knowl¬ 
edge I possess in bee-culture. I have, therefore, 
added an appendix to my treatise, giving direc¬ 
tions for making and using these frames, an adver¬ 
tisement of which is enclosed. 
“Norfolk” calls the “movable comb hive, un- 
wieldly.” I have seen some that I think are so. 
But I apprehend this to be a matter of taste; as 
I make the hive, there will be no complaint in this 
respect. The principal of the movable combs is 
the point that I consider constitutes the advantage. 
In the controversy about the triangular guide, I 
have but little interest, further than I should be 
pleased to have all admit that it was public prop 
erty. Whoever succeeds in establishing a claim, 
should give us something a little more reliable — 
something that would give us straight combs with 
certainty; because now a colony will occasionally 
make their combs crooked, and are of no value as 
moveable combs, on that account. 
I have given what to me are valuable points in 
the movable comb hive, and the reasons why they 
are so. Now will “ Norfolk,” “ Clark,” or any one 
give us through the Farmer as minute an account 
of the “Union hive”—in what consists its supe¬ 
riority? It will hardly be satisfactory to say it is 
better, without pointing out what particular makes 
it so. I am willing to adopt anything that is 
shown superior to what I already possess. My 
likes and dislikes are goverened by what appears 
the utility of the thing. 
In criticisms on this subject, it is best to avoid 
personalities. I shall consider I am not called 
upon to answer anything of the kind. 
St. Jolmsville, N. Y. M. Quinby. 
MAKING CHEESE FROM A SMALL DAIRY. 
Ed. Rural:— I think good cheese may be made 
from a small quantity of milk, in the same way we 
make our large dairies. Three requisites are 
necessary in the manufacture of a mild, rich, sound 
and even dairy of cheese, viz:—Cleanliness, Care¬ 
fulness, and Common Sense or Judgment. The 
milk should be strained at night in a tub or vat in 
as cool a place as convenient, in order to keep 
sweet. In the morning the cream must be taken 
off, and if desirable to add to the cheese, must be 
put into warm milk, and then strained in with the 
Dight’s milk. The milk, when prepared for the 
rennet, should be about 75 to 78 degrees Fah. 
The rennet should be iu quantity and strength to 
bring the curd sufficiently to commence the cutting 
or breaking up process in from 30 minutes to an 
hour. After setting, the milk should be covered, 
unless the temperature of the room is about the 
same; otherwise the curd will not come even, i. e., 
the top will be milky and whey white. 
To expedite operations a cutter made of knives, 
wire, or tin, is used to break up the curd, but it 
can be done as well with the hands, by carefully 
pressing the curd through the fingers with the 
thumb. It should be broken up fine, and not 
suffered to settle together hard again until put 
into the press. We have less trouble with a soft 
curd, and with careful handling make a better and 
larger cheese than when it is heavy and hard. 
Whey may be taken off for scaldiDg, which should 
be heated without scorching, and poured back 
gradually till the tempjgjature is brought up to 
about 100 degrees, or until tk ecurd squeaks a little 
in biting. Half an hour will suffice to draw off the 
whey. Cool and salt the curd, adding a tea cup 
of salt to 15 pounds, or more or less to suit the 
taste. When the curd is suffered to become hard, 
at any time from the first breaking up till put into 
the press, on breaking again the whey will be 
white, and a lighter and poorer cheese will be the 
result. 
The cheese should be put in the hoop in a clean 
cloth, and the weight put on gradually for an 
hour, when it should be turned, and again at night, 
when more weight should be added. Some press 
24 and some 48 hours. Cheese should be cured in 
a dry place, but not too cool. The process of mak¬ 
ing occupies from three to four and a half hours. 
Care is necessary in the curing and preparation 
of rennet. We let the calf suck in the morning 
and kill it about 3 or 4^’plock, emptying the ren¬ 
net of what may be in it, and salting them together 
in ajar. Ten days before using, we put four or five 
in two gallons of tepid water, salt enough to keep 
sweet. We then pour off the liquid, which is 
ready for use, soaking the rennet again. Half a 
pint of liquid thus prepared will bring, or change 
to curd, from 40 to GO gallons of milk. 
Mr. Moore, this is a queer way to write in an¬ 
swer an inquiry from Indiana. If you get better 
directions, and don’t use this, it will be well, and 
I shall not feel injured. We love your paper; it 
is souud, reliable, useful and welcome. 
Madison, N. Y., Aug., ’59. Sam’l G. Cleveland. 
A GOOD FEED CUTTER. 
Eds. Rural: —W. E. S., of Ogden, N. Y., after 
advising farmers to cut their feed, says he don’t 
know as they have the machines among them. 
For two winters I have used one of D. C. Coming’s 
patent, for which I paid $30. It runs by hand or 
horse power, and I consider it almost a perfect 
machine. I have cut two winters by hand for 
about thirty head of cattle and horses, and feed in 
mangers. It has four knives, and cuts about three- 
eighths of an inch in length. For hay I take out 
two of the knives, which makes it about seven- 
eighths of an inch iu length ; this I think is short 
enough for hay, while the machine runs a good 
deal easier. For corn-stalks I use all four of the 
knives, as stalks must be cut short to make it pay. 
My stock eat them readily, without anything on 
them—all up clean on full feed. I consider it a 
saving of at least 100 per cent, to cut stalks in the 
feed; then the manure is worth double what it 
would be if the stalks were fed without cutting. 
—Charles Treadwell, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1859. 
L 
AN IMP! 
[oRSE-SHOE. 
Eds. Rural:— I ';Mric(^eT>rresporident wishes 
to know the cause trso much lameness in horses. 
My experience has 1 convinced me that it is in a 
great measure owing to the prevailing mode of 
shoeing, which has a decided tendency to contract 
the heels, and the little care taken by the owners 
in not having the shoes removed sufficiently often 
to have the natural accumulation of the hoof and 
sole pared away. Another great fault in the smith 
is cutting away the frog, which should never be 
cut. I am much pleased to see introduced in 
Albion, “Henderson’s Improved Shoe,” (which is 
well calculated to prevent the contraction of the 
hoof,) of which the following is a description :— 
The shoe is so formed upon the foot side as to cor 
respond with the natural form of the foot, with a 
level, flat surface on the outer portion of the shoe 
supporting the wall as far back as the quarters, 
continuing the level across to the inner part near 
the heel of the shoe, the outer part being sloped oft', 
outward, downward and backward to conform with 
the inward and forward inclination of the quarters 
and heels of the hoof above, by which the corres¬ 
ponding angles form a square bearing for the 
support of the quarters under the weight of the 
horse, which will prevent the contraction of the 
heels and all the evils attendant thereon. Should 
this shoe be brought into common use the lameness 
of the forward limbs now so general would shortly 
disappear to a very great extent, if not entirely. 
Albion, N. Y., Aug , 1859. II. L. Achilles. 
WILL IT PAY 1 
The above is a very common question,—a very 
proper one, too,—as every one admits. We pur¬ 
pose to notice some things that “won'tpay.” 
It won’t pay to “ make haste to be rich” at the 
expense of health, happiness and intellect. The 
man that starves his mmd because he is too stingy 
to purchase books, will find out by-and-by that it 
zvon't pay. The man who denies himself of the 
luxury of good family papers, because, as he says, 
he is too poor to afford them, will find he is pur¬ 
suing the wrong course—it won't pay. The man 
who works like a slave from morn till night, year 
in and year out, makes his children do the same, 
and never takes any recreation, must find to his 
sorrow, sooner or later, that it did not pay. The 
man who cheats his neighbor to increase his own 
store, and oppresses the fatherless and widow, 
will find that it didn't pay. 
The man who cultivates the soil with the same 
implements his father used forty years ago, will 
find it won't pay. It won’t pay to plant crops on 
‘ hard-pan,” or whortleberry knobs, without ma¬ 
nuring the ground well, which is scarcely ever 
done. It won’t pay to invest money in “western 
lands,” to the neglect of the home happiness and 
comforts of your family. It won’t pay to scowl 
at your children till they get tired of home and 
insensible to all the finer feelings of the heart. 
Trusting that these few thoughts may be of 
benefit to some, I leave this inexhaustible subject, 
hoping that my readers may be prosperous and 
happy, and never do anything that won’t pay. 
Western Pennsylvania, 7th mo., 1859. E. E. 
Rural Spirit of % fhefis. 
How to TJse Lime. 
In an artie’e upon this topic, the Working 
Farmer remarks:—Lime as a food for plants, is 
required in very small quantities, and for this pur¬ 
pose should be applied in very minute doses, and 
frequently. Shell lime is better thau stone lime 
when wanted for manure. When required not to 
feed plants, but to decompose other materials iu 
the soil, such as inert organic matter, then larger 
doses may be given, and this should never be 
mixed with aDy manure of a nitrogenous kind— 
such as night-soil, phosphates, guano, or barn-yard 
manure. Lime may be mixed with salt in the 
manner we have so often recommended, or with 
sour muck, or any other organic matter not readily 
decomposable. Never apply lime to the soil, witbin 
a day or two of the time when manure has been 
applied. When barn-yard manures have been 
deeply buried in the soil, a light top-dressiDg of 
lime may be used after plowing. This will gradu¬ 
ally sink, and when it meets with and assists in 
decomposing the manure, the gases in rising, will 
be absorbed by the incumbent soil. 
TjTn.ru.ly Animals. 
S. W. Case, of Delaware Co., Ohio, writes thus 
to the Ohio Farmer :—I will tell you how I avoid 
having unruly animals. I believe that as a gene¬ 
ral rule our domestic animals are never unruly, 
except as they are taught by their owners, or those 
having the charge of them. Some persons, when 
removing stock from one field to another, will let 
down a few of the top bars; or if they don’t hap¬ 
pen to have bars or a gate just where they wish to 
turn through, they will throw off a few of the top 
rails, and force the animals to jump the balance; 
and after thus driving the stock over, they will put 
up a part of the bars or rails thus thrown down, 
leaving the fence lower in that place than any 
other, as a temptation to the stock to jump back at 
the place where they have been learned to go over. 
Now, sir, my practice is the reverse of all this; if 
I wish to turn hogs, sheep or calves through a 
common rail fence, I make what is termed a slip- 
gap, letting down just enough of the bottom rails 
to let the animals pass, thus teaching them to go 
under, rather than over a fence; and in letting 
large cattle through bars, I prefer to have a bar at 
the top, letting them pass under; and if it rubs 
their backs a little, all the better. But there is 
another fault, too common with some farmers. If 
fences are poor, in consequence of a scarcity of 
material, they should be the more carefully watched; 
if a rail gets thrown off, put it on immediately; if 
weeds, grass or anything else grows near the fence, 
on the opposite side from where your stock run, 
tempting them to reach over, and by this means 
push the fence down, remove the difficulty imme¬ 
diately out of the way. I am well satisfied that 
with proper care there is no necessity of having 
unruly stock, even with poor fences. Give them 
plenty of food and water; keep them comfortable, 
and they will not be unruly, unless you teach them. 
I have raised several bulls within the last few years, 
some five or six of whic^i I have sold; none of them 
have, to my knowledgc^ever jumped a ferijcc. One 
of them, now four years old last spring, is owned 
by a man whose fences are very poor; and altho’ 
a bull owned by a near neighbor of his, two years 
younger, is in the habit of jumping any fence that 
comes in his way, in the neighborhood—even in or 
out of the field where this bull was at the time—he 
still maintains his orderly character. 
Com aivd. Com ICodder. 
A correspondent of the New England Farmer 
thus answers an article on “ Corn and Corn Stalks,” 
which appeared in the previous issue of the same 
Journal, in which the writer favored topping corn, 
both on account of the grain and the fodder, and 
also the labor of harvesting. He says: 
I have tested the matter to my entire satisfaction 
by cutting up at the roots and shocking a part of 
my corn each year for several years past. When 
severe frost is apprehended, the “ new wav” may 
be advisable, but in all other cases I much prefer 
that my corn should ripen the “natural way.” 
I place a high estimate upon the value of corn 
fodder for stock, and much has been said and writ¬ 
ten upon the best mode of curing it. The way 
which I prefer and practice is this:—When the 
tassel has become dry and the kernel well glazed, 
I cut off the stalk above the ear, laying the stalks 
of two hills together. When wilted I bind and 
pike them in the field, letting them remain, if the 
weather be favorable, ten or twelve days, then cart 
to the barn, hanging them on poles or setting up 
under the roof. I find that my cattle eat them 
better if cured in this way, than if hung up in the 
barn as soon as bound, or if dried wholly in the 
field. As I husk my corn mostly evenings, I begin 
so early in the season that the husks and butts 
would mould too much, if I did not mix with them 
a quantity of straw or poor hay. I also salt them 
freely. 
My cattle being judges, the fodder is better cured 
in this way than when all is cut up together and 
exposed to the weather the usual time allowed in 
such cases. Perhaps it is because they have failed 
to “ get the hang of it," which I am sometimes told 
is the reason why I think the labor greater to har¬ 
vest corn which is shocked, than that which is 
topped. 
While I agree with your correspondent in so 
many things, I must dissent from his opinion that 
it is better to feed out all the corn stover in early 
winter, to the exclusion of other fodder. Fed out 
exclusively it is too laxative, and nothing but the 
husks will be eaten; but a few fodderings a week, 
from November to April, will tend to keep the 
bowels of the cattle in a loose and healthy condi¬ 
tion, especially if you have much straw or poor 
hay to feed out. A few corn butts, through the 
winter and spring, occasionally, will be chewed 
with a relish. From my own experience I am led 
to believe that the well secured fodder from 150 to 
200 bushels of com, fed out judiciously, to a stock 
of 25 head, is nearly as valuable as an equal weight 
of medium quality hay. 
Why Sows Destroy tiieir Young. —A writer in 
the Homestead gives an article on this subject, in 
which he argues very conclusively that “costive¬ 
ness and its accompanying evils are the main 
causes of sows destroying their youDg.” 
^qrimllurai fRisccUanj]. 
Tiib Weather has been unusually cool for the season, 
since our last. This region has thus far escaped frost, 
however, though winter clothing aDd fuel have been in 
demand. Wo hear of light frosts in New England. 
The corn crop is well advanced, and we shall “ make a 
crop,” sound and bountiful, unless a blighting frost 
occurs within two weeks. 
Transactions for 1858.—We aro indebted to Cot. 
Johnson for a copy of the “ Transactions of the N. Y. 
State Agricultural Society, with an abstract of the Pro¬ 
ceedings of the County Agricultural Societies, f.>r 1858.” 
It is a handsomely executed volume of 855 pages, 
edited and arranged in a manner most creditable to the 
Secretary. Its contents, which appear to be of special 
interest and value, will be noticed in future. 
WriEAT Sowing. —Considerable wheat has been sown 
in this section during the past tendajs. A much larger 
breadth of land is being devoted to wheat culture in 
Western and Central New York, than has been thus 
occupied for many years. We trust cultivators will not 
be disappointed in the result. 
Preparing and Sowing Grass Seed —Correction.— 
J. n., of Henrietta, writes: —“ I did not preserve a copy 
of my statement, in Eiteal of Aug. 27tb, on preparing 
grass seed ; but if I am not mistaken I used the. term 
cooler where you have it printed cool. A temperature 
from 75 to 90 degrees I call hot; following that a tem¬ 
perature from 45 to 75, I would denominate cooler, but 
not cool. The last of Aug. or first of Sept, is the true 
time for sowing timothy seed, all other things being 
right, and the temperature generally about as last 
named above—cooler, not decidedly hot.” 
TriE Wheat Grot— Yield East and West. —We have 
heretofore spoken of the largo yield of wheat in this 
State, and stated that, on harvesting, the crop proved 
much lighter at the West and South than had been 
anticipated. Recent letters, and statements in our 
exchanges, eliow that the yield has proved unusually 
large in New York and Canada West, while the result 
is the reverse in the West. The N. Y. Tribune of tho 
5tb, after quoting letters relative to the yield in different 
localities, says“ Everywhere at the East the yield of 
wheat appears, from all the accounts that come to us, 
entirely satisfactory, while every account from the West 
agrees in the statement that, although the straw is 
heavy, the yield of grain is unusually light.” As we 
intimated in a late Rural, the yield of the wheat crop 
of the country will prove far below the estimates which 
have been made by commercial papers and operators 
in breadstuffs. 
Flour from Dayton Wheat.— We are indebted to 
Mr. L. Braden, of Junius, for a sample of flour made 
from Dayton wheat. It is a good article, and makes 
bread which compares well with that made from tho 
ordinary brands of Genesee Flour. 
Johnston’s Bean Harvester. — A correspondent 
writes us that he is glad to see Mr. Howard, of Buffalo, 
advertises this, for ho is satisfied, after using one last 
year, that every farmer who gives it a trial, “ will never 
consent to pull beans by hand again—for it is the 
meanest business ever done on a farm.” lie says the 
machine cuts off the stalk near the surface of tho 
ground, or a little below it, and runs under the pods, 
so as not to shell them—that he harvested eight acres 
in one day, last year, which he call a great day’s work 
—that in looking at the field after the machine passed 
through, you »o»U l.c^Aij- <ny,j,nuo « bean stalk had 
been cut, as they mostly stood up where cut-thot iiio 
vines cured rapidly, so that all were in nice order in a 
couple of days to go along with a wagon and fork them 
into it without aDy gathering. He adds “ I write yon 
to let farmers know that this is a machine every bean- 
grower wants. With it tho raising of beans is made 
easy, and a remunerating crop.” And we thus con¬ 
dense and give the testimony of II. E. P,, of Shelby, 
for the benefit of those of our readers interested. 
Broom Corn.— An Illinois paper makes the following 
sweeping statement, averring that whoever “ owns the 
corn” can drive poverty from his threshold with a 
broomstick:—“ There is a field of broom corn this sea¬ 
son in tho vicinity of Rockford, IU., of nearly 800 acres. 
The seed was planted by machinery, the corn being 
drilled in rows, two feet nine inches apart. The whole 
crop is contracted at $S5 per tun. The crop this year 
will amount to $20,000.” 
Two Oswego Co. Fairs.— We learn from the Syracuse 
Journal that, in addition to the Fair to be held at Mex¬ 
ico, Sept. 13—15, (as already stated in the Rural,) 
another Oswego Co. Fair is announced—to take place 
at Fulton, Sept. 13—16. Each organization claims to 
be the County Ag. Society, we believe—though we 
know little of the merits of the case, and should not 
consider it our duty to express an opinion in favor of 
either, even if fully advised. We sincerely trust that 
both Fairs will prove valuable auxiliaries in promoting 
the cause of Rural Improvement. We hope to have 
the pleasure of spending a day at each, not doubting 
but the spirit of emulation aroused by the rivalry of 
the two associations will render both exhibitions highly 
creditable. 
Fair at Fulton—Officers of the Society, &c— Since 
the above was written we are in receipt of the Fulton 
Patriot & Gazette containing list of Officers, Premiums, 
&c., of the Society which holds its Fair at that place, 
(called Oswego Falls in the announcement,) Sept. 18-16. 
The principal officers are: President — Joel Turrili., 
Oswego City. Vice Prest's-J. W. Pratt, Fulton; Orson 
Titus, Hannibal. Pec. Sec'y— John U. Smith, Oswego 
Falls. Cor. Sec'y— Ii. K. Sanford, Fulton. Treasurer 
—Samuel G. Merriam, New Haven. Executive Com¬ 
mittee John Reeves, Granby ; C. E. Case, M. S. Kim¬ 
ball, Fulton, Finance Committee— John E. Dutton, 
A. G. Fish, Elliot Harroun, Fulton. The towns of 
Lysander, (Onondaga Co.,) and Ira and Sterling, (Cay¬ 
uga Co.,) aro admitted to all the privileges of tho 
Society. The premiums offered are liberal and include 
tbe various branches of Agriculture, Horticulture, Me¬ 
chanical and Domestic Manufactures, &c. On the 16th, 
there is to bo a Regatta, trial of Eire Engines, exhibi¬ 
tion of Horses, and other attractions. 
Fairs next Week.— In addition to the Oswego Fairs 
already noticed, New York County Fairs are to be held 
next week in Cayuga, Chautauque, Delaware, Genesee, 
Queens, Rensselaer and Schuyler. Union and Town 
Fairs as follows —Adams, Galen, Lebanon, Medina, 
Smithville and Smyrna. The Kentucky, New Jersey 
and Vermont State Fairs are to be held next week; 
also the National Fair at Chicago. 
The Livonia Town Fair is to be held Oet. 6th. 
Sylvester Francis is President of the Society; Norton 
Gibbs, Vice-Pres’t ; A. Sill, Secretary; and G. F. 
Pratt, Treasurer. 
Bee-Hives for South America.— We learn that Mr. 
E. W. Phelps, of Elizaheth, N. J.. is filling an order 
for 1,000 of iiis Combination Bee-Hives to be sent to 
South America, and that 500 have already been shipped 
Goon Fruit.—M r. N. N. Treat, of Mendon, has 
favored us with specimens of a rich and fine-flavored 1 
apple, which he calls the “ Loomis Sweetwater,” and a 
bountiful supply of the Golden Sweet. A fine Treat, 
