midge proof, and yields most I it is not, we will of course let it slide. By way of 
® 1 - ' illustration, however, with your permission we 
the winter it is 
bountifully, often, on good laud, from forty to 
fifty bushels per acre. On good, dry land, such 
as will produce twenty-five bushels of wheat per 
acre, you may expect forty or fifty of winter barley, 
while on land which will produce fifteen or twenty 
bushels of wheat, you need expect only eight or 
twelve of barley. Early sowing is also essential 
to enable the barley to get good root before winter, 
and so too is thorough drainage, as if there is the 
least excess of moisture the plant will surely 
“heave,” yet on dry land no crop pays better. I 
think winter barley is merely spring barley, ac¬ 
climated to endure our winters, as after mild 
winters wheat on spring barley stubble will con¬ 
tain heads of barley scattered through the sheaves. 
On extremely good soil spring barley would an¬ 
swer to sow in the fall, though I think winter 
barley would be rather more hardy. Probably 
winter barley will become more and more hardy 
with repeated sowings—the farther it is removed 
from the spring sorts. 
In regard to the morality of the crop, about 
which doubts^are intimated, I am not aware that 
winter barley contains any more wickedness, 
pound for pound, than the spring sorts, besides 
being, on our best land, much more productive, 
and bringing five to ten cents more per bushel. 
Henrietta, N. Y., 1859. W. J. F. 
ON BREEDING HORSES IN WESTERN N. Y. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —An esteemed cor¬ 
respondent and a regular subscriber deeply inter¬ 
ested in the above subject, has kindly handed me 
his file of your talented and highly pleasing paper, 
and drawn my attention to an article in your im¬ 
pression of July 23d, wherein Mr. Parsons, anxious 
to improve the breed of hoises in Onondaga Co., 
recommends larger and heavier horses to be used, 
whilst in your editorial remarks in the same num¬ 
ber, you remind the writer that small horses not¬ 
withstanding bring high prices and are much in 
demand. And your correspondent, in the impres¬ 
sion of August 13th, under the signature of “ Ru¬ 
ral Reader,” on the same subject, and apparently 
anxious for further information, asks: “What 
kind of stallions crossed with the mares of West¬ 
ern N. -Y., will produce the fastest trotters, best 
roadsters, most stylish and valuable carriage hors¬ 
es, and most useful stage, cart, and farm horses?” 
Difficult as this question may be to solve, in¬ 
volving as it does in its sweeping grasp, th e whole 
of the mares at present existing in Western New 
York, large, small, and medium sized, and not¬ 
withstanding all the varied opinions on the sub¬ 
ject, I will obey the call of your correspondent, 
and try to assist you in solving this knotty but 
most interesting question. 
Mr. P. recommends large horses, weighing 1,600 
lbs., while you remind us that small horses are 
valuable; you are both apparently right, but as a 
general rule you are both wn> n te- M r. P.’s large 
horse w r ould produce too many'leggy 17 handers, 
neither useful nor ornamental, and your small horse 
indiscriminately used would fill the country with 
weeds. I may say with your correspondent, “ I : 
have no axe to grind.” Both these horses would 
no doubt produce some good ones, but they would 
produce far too many bad, and leave you with a 
very poor stock from which to breed in future. 
I understand the object to be attained by your cor¬ 
respondent’s remark, it is this — What kind of 
horse would you recommend us to use to all our 
mares — great, small, and medium size, bad, good, 
aDd indifferent — in order to produce the greatest 
amount of valuable, useful horses, for all purpos¬ 
es, saddle, harness, and draught, with the least 
loss by wasters, (that is, overgrown useless ani¬ 
mals, and undersized weeds, equally worthless,) 
leaving us at the same time with a goodly quanti¬ 
ty of mares not deteriorated, from which we can 
continue our breeding operations with success? 
In order that I may be properly understood by 
your large circle of readers, to whom I am a stran¬ 
ger, and may use terms (although correct) not in 
common use by them, permit me to explain that, 
by a Draught horse I mean a pure bred Clydesdale, 
a Suffolk, or a Northnmbrain; they are all of them 
good. By Harness, I mean a pure Cleveland bay 
carriage horse; and for Saddle a thorough-bred, 
and I do not mean in this paper to speak of any 
ether. Let me here state, however, for reasons 
hereafter to be named, that on no account whatev¬ 
er would I use a stud horse of a mixed breed, even 
if he was the fastest trotter in creation. The horse 
■for your purpose must be pure, although neither 
he, or his blood, ever trotted fast in their lives,— 
Hnpoited Messenger, Trustee, Bashaw, &e., Ac., 
were not trotters, but they produced the best of 
trotters, and so shall the horse I recommend if he 
can be obtained and have a fair trial. I speak from 
years of practical experience, spent in producing 
horses that could walk, trot, and gallop, as long 
and as fast as any horses in this fast country. 
We must infer that a large proportion of your 
mares are not pure; hence the necessity of the 
above observation, that on the male side I insist 
•upon purity, so that you can fall back and replace 
it, and follow it up for any period, even to all time. 
Where the mares are pure, the result will speak 
for itself; but where the mixture of breeds exist 
-on the male side, no calculation can be made—the 
-produce may perchance be right, or it may take 
tifter some great, gt. gt. grand, ho knowing how 
far back. Therefore, to begin we must have one 
<side pure blood, either saddle, harness, or draught; 
the mares we presume are not all so, and therefore 
•to obtain, or attempt to obtain, the object asked 
by our friend (Rural Reader) we must have purity 
on one side, and the male is preferable. 
In order to show the necessity of pure blood in 
-the 6ire, and not only pure blood but perfection in 
shape, I will use the authority of an esteemed 
friend and able writer, Reginald Orton, M. D., on 
the Physiology of Breeding. The learned doctor 
observes: “ There is no uncertainty in nature’s 
•operations, the male always confers the external 
structure of the offspring, while the female gives 
the internal.” In other words, we reasonably cal¬ 
culate and expect that the offspring will bear the 
external conformation and locomotive powers of 
the sire, and the internal, (i. e.,) vital organs or 
constitution of the dam. Now, if this observation 
is true it will materially assist us in our object; if 
will bring before your readers a few Physiological 
facts bearing upon this important subject, to ena¬ 
ble them to judge of the necessity for using pure 
blood and superior form, such as I have strenu¬ 
ously recommended above, in the horse to be used 
for Western N. Y., and from which so much is ex¬ 
pected. 
In the first example a mare put to an ass will 
produce a mule, with its head, ears, tail, mane, 
legs and feet of the sire, or Jack, with the body 
and constitution ot the dam or mare: and vice 
versa, put a pony to an ass, and the oflspring will 
be a hinny, with all the externals of the pony and 
the body and constitution of the ass. The former, 
sired by the Jack, will bray; and the latter, sired 
by the pony, will neigh. Mr. Thomas, of Havei ford 
West, in writing on this subject, says—“ In using 
along eared boar and a short eared sow (two pure¬ 
ly distinct breeds) the progeny will have the long 
ears of the sire, or boar, improved by the fattening 
qualities of the sow, and the produce from a short 
eared boar and a long eared sow, will shorten the 
ears and body of their produce, with a correspond¬ 
ing loss of adaptation to fatten.” 
The cross with a pure draught horse, and a sad¬ 
dle or blood mare, will produce a fine, strong horse 
with the form of the sire, and the game of the 
mare, but at an awful sacrifice of pace and lasting 
qualities. The blood horse upon the draught mare 
is a decided improvement; it is, in fact, implant¬ 
ing blood upon strength; the form and locomotive 
powers are improved, at an apparent loss of size 
and strength, but this is not so much in reality as 
it is in idea, the bones of the blood horse being 
more dense, and stronger for their size than 
draught, and the muscles and tendons are also 
stronger in the same proportion. Experiments 
similarly conducted with sheep prove the same 
result. For instance, the Leicester ram with a 
Chevoit ewe will produce more size, and a squarer 
form, with longer wool—while the Cheviot ram 
with the Leicester ewe, will deteriorate the Lieces- 
ter, and only slightly improve the Cheviot, prov¬ 
ing indisputably that blood and form must be used 
on the male side, to guide us to a successful re¬ 
sult, 
This law is not confined to animals alone; na¬ 
ture dictates the same principles, and obeys the 
same law as rigidly in the feathered tribes. Mr. 
Garnett, of Clithero’, bred from a Muscovy drake 
and a common duck, the produce having the large 
form and wild habits of the male, with improved 
flesh of the common duck, while those hybrids 
produced from the common drake and Muscovy 
duck made little or no alteration in their form 
There is another rule in the Physiology of breed¬ 
ing, so very remarkable, and at the same time so 
well authenticated, that it cannot fail to prove in 
teresting. The female system imbibes other in 
fluences (than those already named) from the male, 
which modify the future progeny of other males : 
in almost all kinds of (animals the effect has been 
noted, and I now' selectTa few which most suit our 
purpose for illustration. Mr. McGillavouay ob¬ 
serves that, “in several foals in the Royal stud at 
Hampton Court, by Acteon, there were unequivocal 
marks of the horse Colonel, to whom the dams of 
these foals had been put and bred from the previ¬ 
ous season. Again, a colt belonging to the Earl 
of Sheffield, by Laurel, so resembled the horse 
Camel that it was not only thought, but boldly as¬ 
serted at Newmarket that he must have been sired 
by Camel. It was ascertained, however, that the 
only relation the colt bore to Camel, was, that his 
dam had been to Camel the* year before.” “Prof. 
Low affords us another instance, after remarking 
that ther| is sometimes a difficulty in getting 
thorough-bred mares to breed to blood, and in 
order to induce them, a courser horse is used.— 
The Professor adds, the effect never fails to bo 
seen in the progeny, the courser characters of the 
first male reappearing, however highly bred the 
subsequent stallion may be.” 
Haller and Becker both say that when a mare 
has had a mule to an as3, and then a foal to a horse, 
the foal exhibits traces of the ass, a statement also 
confirmed by Prof. Low. Many reasons are as¬ 
signed for this phenomenon, but, to enter into 
them, and explain how they come to pass, would 
lead my already too long paper beyond the limits 
of your columns. We will therefore try to solve 
Rural Reader’s quesijon, viz: what horse, under 
all the circumstances will answer his question, as 
given in the beginning of this article? 
Now, Sir, if these gentlemen are correct in their 
Physiological remarks, as to the male conferring 
the external form and locomotive powers to the 
offspring, and the female the constitution in the 
first instance, and in the second that the* male also 
has the pow T er of influencing the female in respect 
to her subsequent progeny begotten by another 
horse,—I say if they are correct (and until we can 
prove they are not so,) we cannot be wrong in 
choosing the male with the greatest possible care, 
both as to blood and shape. 
All well made horses from a good, sound stock, 
with proper treatment will have their natural pa¬ 
ces in perfection, (the walk, trot, and gallop,) in 
which they will go as fast as any reasonable man 
wishes ; and they (I mean any of them,) can read¬ 
ily be taught to go faster, and do a mile in fewer 
seconds than is absolutely necessary for any use¬ 
ful purpose; and will also easily learn any ugly, 
awkward style, fast or slow, the owner chooses, 
and it may be called trotting—“ a rose by any other 
name would smell as sweet ”—but to accomplish 
these things well (as a general rule) both blood 
and shape are necessary. There are plenty of 
horses, with very fine names, that go fast, but they 
have neither a natural pace or an elegant style; 
they are fit for a butcher’s cart, and their intense 
value in the eye of a jqdge is— nil. 
Our object is to produce valuable, stylish, fast, 
and useful horses from all your mares, and the 
draught horse will not do this. “ We cannot make 
a silk purse from a sow’s ear ”—from draught we 
cannot produce a saddle horse nor a first class for 
harness; elacticity of limb, speed and elegance, 
would be sacrificed on the shrine of size and 
strength. With a short-legged Cleveland carriage 
horse you will come much nearer perfection; you 
will keep up your size and strength with more 
speed and elegance, and leave you with the best 
blood mares in the world for trotting, or any other 
purpose but racing; from this stock you never can 
compete with thorough blood. 
To fill all the requirements of Rural Reader, I 
fear there is only one horse, but there is one horse, 
and from him you can (according to the quality of 
the mare you use) produce every kind of horse 
enumerated in your correspondent’s sweeping 
question. This horse I would have thorough-bred, 
so that from him you can produce racers, trotters, 
saddle, harness, draught, and horses for every in¬ 
termediate purpose; but to do this it is necessary 
that he should be chosen with judgment—and that 
is not, can he do 2.30?—but it is, can he walk well, 
and sound, trot in due form, and gallop correctly ? 
His limbs must be as strong as a wagon horse, 
short, flat, and free, not tied in anywhere; his feet 
good and sound, small head, wide nostrils, and 
sloping shoulders; his neck long, but not too long, 
nor his crest too high, (I don’t like your peacock 
horses, they are only for show, they are flat catch¬ 
ers—more for ornament than use.) I would have 
his body thick, muscular and strong, and his back 
short, his blood as pure as flowed in the veins of 
Eclipse, his height under 16 hands, his color a 
bright blood bay, with jet black legs, and not only 
without a blemish, but if possible without a fault. 
I do not wish to be invidious, or speak ill of any 
particular horse \ neither do I wish to praise an¬ 
other beyond his true Hnetit. I cannot, however, 
resist remarking that I yesterday saw in a public 
exhibition a horse 25 years old, with all, or nearly 
all, the qualities I have enumerated, and upon in¬ 
quiry I found that it was the celebrated racehorse 
Mango, imported to this country from England, 
and now the property of Messrs. Bathgate, of 
Westchester, Co., N. Y. This horse won the St. 
Leger at Doncaster in 1847; his raising qualities 
and performances are of first class order, and if he 
was 5 years old, instead of 25,1 would say of all 
the horses I have seen in this country he is the 
nearest the animal I have described, and the most 
likely to answer all the requirements of our friend 
Rural Reader. 
The only excuse I can make for the length I 
have unfortunately run this article is the interest 
I feel in the subject, a desire to be useful to your 
readers in particular, a benefit to the human fami 
ly in general, and abo to give you, Sir, an oppor¬ 
tunity of becoming acquainted with 
Yours, most respectfully, 
September 24,1859. Old Whip. 
great valley will communicate freely and fully 
with us upon this subject, giving us all in^jor- 
tant facts relating to artesian wells and their influ¬ 
ence. We know this fact. The fruit raised by 
the irrigation system is neither so high colored or 
so rich and juicy ; and the trees that produce the 
fruit look succulent in their branches; they did 
not ripen their wood well, and thus become subject 
to be destroyed by cold and frost. Trees and 
plants raised under this system, make long, naked 
tap roots,’ and consequently bear fruit upon the 
extremities of the limbs. 
‘We ask cultivators to examine our statements, 
and they will find them so. We do not believe 
there is a gardener, nurseryman or orchardist that 
will not scon deplore the error be has committed 
in thus being led into this unnatural system. God 
said ‘ fountains shall spring up in the desert, ’ 
across which in his own time he will ‘make a high- 
w r ay for our God,’ and then across the desert will 
ere long be found for the coming thousands to our 
land, the artesian well, and there they will be a 
‘blessing for man and beast;’ and here, too, they 
would be a blessing, were it not for man’s avarice. 
Artesian wells, if here and there only, would be 
well enough; but the system of irrigation should 
only be in accordance with nature’s plans; the 
earth must not be deluged; gentle showering over 
the foliage at the evening hour to cleanse and 
refresh, is always good, and that is about all that 
is needed. But there is a great evil that will soon 
be felt at Santa Clara; in fact is now felt. The 
earth is parched up, and bitter and grievous com¬ 
plaints come from all quarters, for it is found that 
the evil is increasing. And yet, ‘men have eyes, 
but they see not.’ All the surface water of the 
entire county is drawn off by means of artesian 
wells; drawn down to their channels, and then 
sent up again in one stream instead of ten thou¬ 
sand through all the pores of the surface earth, and 
then carried off into the bay.” 
^grirultnral itlmcllang. 
Rural Spirit of tljc ijprcos. 
Bones and. "WTieat. 
According to Sir Robert Kane, the distin¬ 
guished chemist, says the Scientific American, one 
pound of bones contains the phosphoric acid of 
twenty-eight pounds of wheat. A crop of wheat 
of foj^ty bushels per acre, and sixty pounds per 
3,400 pounds, and this requires 
c poundspf bones to supply it with 
_Ateriaju. The usual supply of bone 
- acre,) suppt^pach of 
the cfl^|H|F)nr'BBt k : with a suflieiciency of 
phosphoi^^cid, whSTh is f/iven out as the bones 
decompose. It may,/therefore, be conceived what 
would be the effect of a double dressing of bones, 
renewed each year from time to time, by adding 
doses, all giving out the phosphoric acid by the 
slow process of decomposition. 
TVtannring Winter Wheat. 
Prof. Campbell says:—“ Some farmers put 
off the application of their stable and yard manure 
to wheat until winter or spring. When this is 
done, they are usually but poorly compensated for 
their labor. Winter wheat has two periods of 
growth; the first in autumn, and the second dur¬ 
ing the following spring or summer. The vigor of 
the crop in its second period, generally depends 
very much upon the healthful development of 
those parts of the roots which are natural to the 
first or autumn period. If, then, manure is incor¬ 
porated with the soil at the time of sowing, the 
impulse given to the wheat plants in autumn is 
almost certain to continue until the crop is ma¬ 
tured—unless 6ome physical cause comes in to 
prevent, such as drouth or the depredation of 
insects. But when manure is spread upon fall 
wheat in winter or spring, it comes too late. The 
basis of a good crop is not there. As well might 
you expect to make a great ox from a stinted calf, 
as to make a good crop in such a case as this.” 
.Keeping Sweet Botatoes. 
A writer in the Oskaloosa Herald gives his 
method of preserving the sweet potato through 
the winter. His way is as follows:—“ I use dry 
sand to put them up in—it don’t matter how the 
sand is dried, in a kiln, in a log heap, or in the 
sun, so it is dry, that is all that is required. I 
prefer drying in a log heap, as it costs at least four 
times less, and is just as good. And a family that 
has a little room with a stove in it, may keep a 
box or two of eight or ten bushels, without much 
inconvenience. The boxes must be raised six or 
eight inches from the floor, and they must not be 
nearer than four inches to the wall. Fill the box 
with potatoes, and then put in sand, cover the 
potatoes with sand. There is a good deal said 
about kiln-dried sand, but is all fudge. I have 
also known them kept well in buckwheat chaff. 
In order to keep potatoes with success, there must 
be a thermometer kept in the room. The mercury 
must not sink below 40"; if it does, the potatoes 
will chill and rot; it also must not rise above 60°, 
or they will grow. I have never lost any of my 
potatoes only by letting the room get too cold. A 
thermometer only costs a dollar, and every man 
ought to have one.” 
“.A-rtesian. "Wells a Chirse. ” 
So says the California Farmer, and without 
agreeing with the opinion, we give an extract from 
its article on the subject: 
“We have made critical examination of the 
result of this flooding the land, this profuse irriga¬ 
tion, and not a solitary instance have we found 
where we do not see a blight in some degree, and 
it is rapidly increasing. We venture the assertion 
that within two years many fine and flourishing 
garden spots will have become so diseased as to 
literally die out. The system, as now practised, 
is contrary to all principles of science, and we 
hope most earnestly that the cultivators of that 
The State Fair, at Albany this week, will probably 
prove one of the best ever held by the Society. The 
weather promises to be fine, and the Albany papers 
say everything is ready on the Fair Grounds—that 
nearly a thousand entries ^'ere made last week; the 
buildings are all fitted up ; many of the heavy articles 
have arrived, (including horses and cattle in droves;) 
the moving power for the machinery is being arranged, 
and every one to whom official duties have been assign¬ 
ed are at their posts. We hope the Fair will excel those 
held in this city—the most successful ever made by the 
Society—and if so, Rochester and Western New York 
will “ try again ” the first opportunity. 
Ag. Fairs next Week. — The only Northern State 
Fair to bo held the coming week is that of Connecticut 
-at New Haven, Oct. 11-14. Though proverbially the 
“land of steady habits,” Conn, is becoming progressive, 
agriculturally, and will make a creditable demonstra¬ 
tion of the skill and industry of her producers. The 
Tennessee State Fair takes place at Nashville, Oct. 
10-pD. Tho ouiy Ooua^ty nans in this State, so far as 
we learn, are—Seneca^t "Waterloo, Oct. 19 - 14 , n'nd 
Yates, Penn Yan, Oct. 12,13. New York Union Fairs 
—Brockport Union, at Brockport, and Palmyra Union, 
at Palmyra, Oct. 11,12—both spirited Societies, which 
always have good exhibitions and are largely attended 
Fairs are to be held at Hemlock Lake, Oct. 13,14, and 
at Wyoming the 14th, which will, we believe, close the 
exhibitions in this State for 1859. 
Corn, &c., Damaged by Frost. -The frost which 
occurred the middle of last month proved far more 
injurious in some portions of this State than was report¬ 
ed at the time. Judging from what we saw and heard 
in this vicinity, wo supposed and stated that the dam¬ 
age was not material,—but subsequent observation in, 
and reports from, many counties east of this, and 
through Central New York, convince us that much 
damage was caused, especially to corn and buckwheat. 
Very little eorn had been cut up at the time of tho 
frost, and perhaps not over half tho crop was glazed or 
out of danger; hence, there must be much soft corn, 
while tho stalks are badly injured for fodder. Wo fear 
there will not be half an average crop of sound corn in 
many counties. Buckwheat is also badly injured in 
some localities. 
The Pa. State Fair— near Philadelphia, last week, 
on the same grounds where the U. S. Fair was held a 
few years ago-was a decided success. According to 
the reports which have reached us the entries were 
numerous, and tho exhibition fine, with a large attend¬ 
ance. The most prominent and attractive feature of 
tho Fair was a trial of steam and hand fire engines— 
not very agricultural—some forty fire companies (in¬ 
cluding sixteen owning steam engines,) entering the 
arena of competition. The weather was propitious 
during the week. The premiums amounted to $3,000. 
Tiie Great Bt. Louis Fair. —The Fair of the St. 
Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Society, held last 
week, proved a splendid affair, though the weather was 
unfavorable a portion of the time. The display of 
Stock—especially of improved Horses and Cattle—was 
large and superior, and the prizes are said to have beon 
fairly distributed among the various States represented. 
Among the $1,000 premiums (of which several were 
offered,) we observe that one was awarded to Chas, B. 
Maok, of Lockport, N. Y., for the best draught stallion 
—showing that Western New York was ahead in at 
least one class. In consequence of the iuclemency of 
the weather on Thursday and Friday the progress of 
the Fair was greatly retarded, and the awarding of the 
sweepstakes prizes postponed until this week. 
The Indiana State Fair — at New Albany, Sept. 
26-29—is reported to have been an improvement upon 
its predecessors, in many respects, and especially in 
grounds and arrangements. The Indiana Farmer 
fa y 8; _‘'The exhibition grounds are themost extensive 
and best arranged we have ever seen anywhere. Tho 
plat embraces some seventy-two acres, and is the prop¬ 
erty of the Floyd County Agricultural Association, 
which embraces in its territorial jurisdiction several of 
the adjoining counties. The grounds and the improve¬ 
ments on them cost about $20,000. Of this amouut the 
State Board has contributed $3,000, and the remainder 
has been made up by the Association owning the 
property and by individual stock subscription.” 
Monroe County Fair.— Our County Fair, last week, 
was worthy of the Society and locality. The exhibition 
was large and excellent in most departments—tho dis¬ 
play of Fruit, especially, being the largest and best we 
ever saw at a County Show. The weather was most 
favorable on the principal days-Thursday and Friday 
—and tho attendance large, with corresponding receipts 
(some $2,000.) The Indian Ball play, on Thursday, 
attracted an immense audience—tho novelty proving 
more magnetic, apparently, than the very creditable 
exhibition of Stock, Implements, Fruit, Domestic 
Manufactures, &c. The address by Hon. J. O. Putnam, 
of Buffalo, was appropriate, instructive and eloquent 
—delivered in the best style, and well received by a 
large and appreciative audience. Wo presumo tho list 
of premium awards, etc., will be given in our local 
county papers. _ 
Erie Co. Fair. -We learn that this Fair, last week, 
was the most successful ever held by the Society. The 
attendance was large, the exhibition fine, and the re¬ 
ceipts greatly exceeded those of tho previous year. 
The Buffalo Republic specially commends the display 
of implements, carriages, etc,, made by Ciias. Rogers, 
of Lancaster, and a new straw, stalk and root cutter 
manufactured by J. M. Clagiiorn, of North Evans. It 
adds that tho annual address, delivered by Hon. A. B. 
Dickinson, was decidedly agricultural, and both inter¬ 
esting and instructive to the many practical fanners of 
th- ftUltioHO-. ) ' 
The Wyoming Co. Fair— at Warsaw, last week—is 
said to have been very satisfactory. The address was 
delivered by Horace Greeley to a large concourse of 
people. In proposing a vote of thanks, our friend 
Maj. H. T. Brooks gave the orator proper credit for 
punctuality in meeting his engagement —remarking 
that Mr. G. had left New York almost immediately after 
his arrival from California, without even kissing Ills 
wife, a duty which he hoped would be performed the 
first convenient opportunity! The Major’s joko is 
bettor than the philosopher’s example as a husband. 
The Orleans Co. Fair— at Albion last week, (ad¬ 
journed from previous week on account of bad weather) 
— was unusually successful. The exhibtiion of stock, 
particularly, is said to have been the best ever made in 
the county. The attendance was large, and the receipts 
sufficient to pay all expenses,—although tho Fair was 
held only one day, in consequenco of the fatal bridge 
accident at the rope-walking in the village, a perform¬ 
ance, we are glad to say, having no connection whatev¬ 
er with the Fair. 
Oporto Grape Wine.— We are indebted to Mr. A, 
Deveraux, of Clyde, N. Y., for a sample of wine made 
from the Oporto grape. Mr. D. sent us a samplo last 
winter, which we noticed favorably,—asking informa¬ 
tion relative to the culture of the grape, &c. In giving 
his reply, our associate of the Horticultural department 
made some remarks relative to wine from Oporto grapo 
pronouncing it altogether too sweet, &c. It is proper 
to state here—and the correction ought to have been 
made earlier—that the remarks were intended to apply 
to a samplo of wine sent us from Seneca county, (and 
said to be made from the Oporto grape,) and not to that 
received from Mr. D. Our associate got things a litflo 
mixed, though usually accurate, and hence this volun 
tary amende, 
To Keep Cider Sweet.— In answer to an inquiry* 
“ How to keep Cider fresh and sweet,” in a late Rural, 
Mr. N. Patne, of Auburn, says:—“ I will give you a 
simple process, which has proved satisfactory to me. 
Tako Cider, pure and sweet from the press. Boil it 
sufficiently to clarify as you would syrup to make 
maple sugar, with eggs or milk. Skim thoroughly ; 
when cold put it into sweet casks; bung tight. After a 
few months tap and you will find it ‘fresh and sweet.’ 
If you wish some of it for festive occasions, fill some 
bottles when you rack off—put one raisin or dried grape 
in each—tie the corks, and lay the bottles on their sidos 
in the cellar until wanted.” 
The Old “Spirit of the Times.”— In response toja 
request, it is but just to state that our long-time ex¬ 
change, tho “ Old ” Spirit of the Times, is in no wise 
involved in the controversy recently brought before the 
public through “ Porter's Spirit" and “ Wilkes' Spirit 
of the Times ”—a mistake not altogether unavaidable, 
the names of tho papers mentioned being nearly the 
same. Wo are assured that “The ‘ Old ’ Spirit,” as it 
is familiarly termed by its friends and subscribers, still 
flourishes as the leading journal of tho Turf and the 
Field, and that its subscription list was never larger 
than at present, or its conductors more prosperous. 
Train Horses to Walk. — We have heretofore 
spoken of fast walking as more desirable in horses for 
general utility on the farm than fast trotting, and sug¬ 
gested that Agricultural Societies offer premiums ac¬ 
cordingly. An exchange truthfully remarks that “ a 
plow-horse should, above all things, be a good walker. 
The walking gait is not cultivated enough in training 
horses. Only consider what a team that could walk four 
mlies an hour, for ten hours per day, could do towards 
hurrying through spring or fall work.” 
The Canada West Provincial Fair— at Kingston, 
last week—is reported, by telegraph, to have been 
largely successful, in boyt»sliow and attendance. Wo 
have no particulars. 
Wheat Ceop After Frost.— Dr. C. Miller, of this 
city, presented us with a handful of wheat as cut, and 
also a sample threshed and cleaned, that was grown in 
a field that had been considered entirely destroyed by 
the hard frost of tho 5th of Juno last. It is from the 
farm of John Bleim, of Gates, near this city. Mr. B. 
had five acres of winter wheat so injured by the frost 
on the 5th of June, that on the 10th he commenced cut¬ 
ting it and curing for fodder. After cutting one acre 
the press of work prevented any further progress until 
the 26th, wliefi th6 Other four acres were treated in the 
same way. Tho wheat oh the first acre cut sbnt uf» U6W 
leaves, formed heads, and was harvested on the 10th of 
August, just two months after the first mowing, and 
yielded 10 bushels of wheat, a specimen of which we 
now have before ns. The four acres cut on the 20th 
yielded nothing. This fact it would bo well to remem¬ 
ber, should we be again visited with a late spring frost. 
Winter Barley.— In the Brunch Co. (Mich.) Repub¬ 
lican, Mr. Jab. Clisbee, a prominent farmer, states that 
Winter barley has been grown in that vicinity for the 
last threo years, and done well in every instance where 
it had a chance—the general yield being from 20 to 24 
bushels per acre. Mr. C. further saysJudging from 
what we have seen of the grain, it is capable oi yield¬ 
ing 80 bushels per acre. During tho past season it has 
been raised by the side of spring barley and has pro¬ 
duced four bushels to one of the spring variety. Mr. 
Amos Culver, of this place (Quincy,) has raised during 
the past season 60 bushels per acre on eat stubble once 
plowed, or 180 bushels on throe acres, and on land that 
has been cropped for eight years in succession. We 
think it has decided advantages over spring barley, 
v i Z-; _l s t. It may be sown after farmers get through 
with their hurry in sowing winter wheat. 2d. It may 
be harvested before wheat is ripe. 8d. It has no Macs , 
or false heads. 4th. It yields two to one, at least, o • 
The insect will not hurt it in the fall, and it is so ear y 
that the weevil will not hurt it. We are in hopes is 
barley will prove a substitute for the wheat crop, i wc 
should bo obliged to give up the cultivation of t a 
grain in consequenco of the insects and weevil, w nc 
at present threaten its destruction in Michigan. 1 
variety of barley should be sown sometime between 
1 the 15th of September and the 1st of November, rtf l uir ^ 
, ing about two bushels of seed per acre. It will rI P 
ten days earlier than wheat, and leaves tho grouu 
good condition for that grain.” 
1 
