One more number completes the present volume 
of the Rural, but, horticulturally, it is finished 
with the present number, for the complete and 
carefully prepared index, title page, &c., so valu¬ 
able to those who preserve their papers and bind 
them for future reference and reading, will pre¬ 
vent us from occupying any space in the closing 
paper of the year. We have not, however, left 
much to be said at the end of the year, preferring 
to do up our work promptly, and as well as we are 
able, every week. Of the manner in which this 
has been done, we leave our readers to judge, 
simply claiming an honest intention to serve our 
readers, to advance the interests of horticulture, 
to spread and increase knowledge and taste, the The upright shoots are suffered to grow to the 
love of the beautiful and the true. In this delight- height of the stake, and are then carried horizon¬ 
ful work we hope ever to labor, until our country ^ a ^y to the next stake. For distinctnesss the 
houses shall truly become rural homes, until the upright shoots are shown in engraving with only 
lily shall spring up where once grew the thorn and one tie > hut several are required as the vine grows 
the briar; waste hearts as well as waste places be during the season 
made glad, and the deserts blossom as the rose.— Th is system appears to be faulty, chiefly in not 
We have endeavored to make all our teaching as 8 i7in g any support to the shoots that spring from 
plain and practical as possible, avoiding all scien- tbe bow, leaving them liable to damage by the 
tific and technical terms, where not absolutely nec- w iud, and not effecting equal distribution of leaves 
essary. We have tried to convey valuable infor- or fru it, both of which fall together in irregular 
mation in a manner that could not be misunder- masses, and the fruit is often deprived of its 
stood. We have labored to teach the learner facts bloom, which impairs its beauty and flavor, 
and modes of culture-important principles-es- Besides picking out the laterals as before 
sentuu to success, and have ever avoided nice directed, shoots that grow from the bow must be 
pom s more curious than useful. No journal has stopped, and the general practice is to leave but 
“T zealousI ^ or more honestly in the three leaves beyond the last bunch of fruit. If the 
leldofHorticuUuralBiterature the past year than vine is very vigorous after the first stopping it 
theRuRAL Occasional'y some of our remarks may will again shoot with great strength, and must 
ave eon ought severe, but we think not more again be stopped, and even a third time, always at 
so than necessary to expose and check fraud and 
deception, and save our readers from becoming 
the dupes of the dishonest and designing, or the 
self-deceived. Truly can we soy we have set 
down naught in malice, for we have no private in¬ 
terest to serve—the good of our readers is our 
only object and aim. 
The past, however, is before our readers. For 
the future we have only to say that we shall be 
unceasing in our efforts to make this Department 
of the Rural equal, if not superior to anything in 
the country as the Amateur’s Guide and the Horti¬ 
culturist’s Assistant. With our immense circula 
ti°n, weekly, we are doing a work for the Horti¬ 
culture of the Country, unequaled by any other 
journal; and, we think, therefore, we have a claim 
upon the kind offices of all lovers of Fruits and 
I lowers, and with confidence call upon all discipl 
of Flora and Pomona to aid us 
one leaf beyond the previous stopping. No stop¬ 
ping is generally required after the last of August. 
It has been thought, and I believe justly, that 
the single bow system imposes too much restraint 
upon such thrifty growers as the Catawba. This 
may be easily obviated by growing the vines on a 
trellis, for which plan a German method is shown 
by fig. 4, and it amounts to pretty nearly the same 
as the double Thomery system. For the double 
bow system, see representation, fig. 6. One year 
more of time is required to bring the vine into full 
system than by the single bow plan, but little or 
no delay in fruiting, for the upright shoots will 
have a considerable crop the year before the bows 
are made. 
To prepare for this method, see fig. 1. Instead 
of leaving one long shoot for a cane from which to 
make a bow, cut both sides at two buds, as seen on 
Farm, the Garden, the Orchard, and the Kitchen ; 
a Companion for the Fire-Side and the Parlor.— 
Hoping to continue the pleasant acquaintance 
formed with our readers, we shall enter upon the 
New Year with fresh zeal, and talk more fluent!v 
than ever of foliage, fruits and flowers. 
circulation and influence of a work^Mvell'ca'lctiia 5 'Wf “ d fr »“‘ ahoot.on side, 
ted for good, as it is at once » H„»-Book for the “ d sea.on cut off each pair one to 
" - ~ 01 lne three buds for the spur from which to grow three 
upright shoots, and one to eight or ten buds to 
form the bow. At F and F is shown where the 
bows are to be cut away at pruning, and from 
each of the three upright shoots one is to be 
entirely cut away; one cut and three eyes for a 
spur, and one to eight or ten buds for the bow. 
Across, in the line 0, and attached to the upright 
PRUNING AND TRAINING THE VINE-No. n. stakes, may be placed a rod to which the ends of 
~ the bearing shoots may be secured, which will be 
essrs. '.ditors : I am constantly receiving of great advantage to the fruit and vine 
so many letters making inquiries as to the differ¬ 
ent modes of cultivating and pruning the Vine 
that satisfactory answers to each is altogether out 
of the question, even should I devote all my time 
to this work. If, therefore, you will, in addition 
to what was published in the Rural of the 8d 
instant, allow me a brief space to explain the Ohio 
or bow system, the facts presented I have no doubt 
will be useful to your many thousands of readers 
and particulary so to that large and rapidly increas¬ 
ing class of the community who are turning their 
attention to the culture of the grape. 
For training vines in the vineyards around Cin¬ 
cinnati, a system has been in practice for many 
years, w r ith no very essential modifi 
cation, and is now, by managers of 
good judgment and most extensive 
experience, thought to be judicious 
and particularly suited to the 
growth of Catawba vines. But a 
common opinion prevails, that more 
room than has generally been allow¬ 
ed, will be very advantageous to the 
health of the vines, and also to the 
quality of the vintage. I shall recur 
to this after explaining the system. 
It is generally known as the “ Ohio 
German System, ’ or “ bow system.” 
After one good shoot has been 
obtained, two shoots are grown, a 3 
shown in Fig. 1. An oblique line 
across above the eighth bud shows 
where one of the two shoots is to be 
pruned to furnish the “bow.” If 
the vine is very strong, a bow of 
greater length may be taken; if 
weak, less. An oblique line near 
the base of the left hand shoot Figure C. 
shows the cut to make the “spur” Fig. 4, scarce’y needs explanation to one who 
or “ point. ha3 become acquainted vyith the Th0 plan 
n ,V P * r it f 5 ^ T " obe aring shoots are taken from near the arms, 
usually left after the vine has be- and as soon as long enough they are secured to the 
f) , . Ul 7 astabl,shed ’ bat the wire above, and the upper shoots for the lower 
first season, as shown in figure, it should have system are fastened at the upper ends to the wire 
only two. _ that supports the arms of the upper svstem This 
Fig. 2 shows the same vine after pruning and plan is a very good one> and e Jal to double 
the long cane standing which is to form the bow, system for simplicity. At fig. 5 is shown a nlan 
and also the same forming the spur. On the left which is admirable for its simplicity but seriously 
is seen the spur, and three lines from z, pointing objectionable-too much perpendicular length of 
to three buds on the spur, that are to make three each standard covered with bearing wood Five 
upright shoots These upright shoots will each courses of bearing shoots spring from each side of 
bear three bunches. This is shown at Fig. 3. At four sub-standards, one of which is shown with its 
the time ot pruning the bow is entirely cut away, three bunches on second wire. The objection to 
and also one of the three shoots, and that generally this is, that the tendency of strength upward is so 
he weakest. The strongest is cut above the great that the lower bearing shoots will"soon after 
eighth or tenth bud for the bow as the case may the upper ones begin to bear, cease to ripen their 
be, and the remaining one above the third bud for wood,and consequently the lower portion of them 
he spur, with which proceed as before and repro- will become naked. That objection is obviated in 
duce Fig. 3, for this is the system in full operation, plan shown, fig. 4. A great variety of renewal 
systems have from time to time been proposed, 
but generally not by practical men. The systems 
recommended have all been tested by long experi- 
eDCe - Chas. W. Grant. 
Iona, near Peekskill, N. Y., Dec., 1859. 
Remarks.— Our readers will receive much in¬ 
struction as well as pleasure from studying the 
different systems of pruning and training the vine, 
but the wire trellis plan is the simplest and best 
every way. 
Inquiries anb ilnsuievs. 
Withered Peaches. — I have a large orchard of 
peach trees, and last sensoD, some of the fruit, on a 
portion of the trees, dried up before ripe, and are now 
sucking on the trees Can you inform me the reason ? 
The soil is a rich sandy loam.-C. C. Cooley, Manches¬ 
ter, Adams Co., 0., 1859. 
The trees were undoubtedly diseased, or weak¬ 
ened from some cause, and therefore unable to 
perfect the fruit. When a tree is not too badly 
affected, the fruit will prematurely ripen, but in 
severe cases, the growth is stopped, and the fruit 
withers and dies. Perhaps, by examining your 
tree 3 , you will be able to ascertain the cause, and 
if controllable, apply a remedy, otherwise they 
may follow the fruit. 
Grapes for a Cold HousE.-Will some of your con¬ 
tributors inform me what grapes are best adapted to a 
cold grapery, and also what age the vines ought to be 
when transplanted in such a house ?—T. Harris, Kala¬ 
mazoo, Mich , Dec., 1859. 
Good strong plants one year old are the best, 
and can be procured at most of the nurseries. 
The following varieties are desirableWilmot’s 
Black Hamburgh, Grizzly Frohtignan, Pitmaston 
White Cluster, Sweetwater, Zinfinda), Royal 
Muscadine, Black Prince, Syrian, Black Ham¬ 
burgh, Black Frontignan, Proatignan 
Decons Superb. 
A common coal stove is of great advantage m 
cold vinery in our cold and changeable climate 
and is little trouble and little expense. We fre¬ 
quently find in Spring after the vines have started 
their growth, that we are liable to have a succes¬ 
sion of cold, stormy days,sometimes lasting nearly 
a week, which affects the vines, and sometimes 
proves detrimental, unless some counter agent is 
employed to exclude the cold and damp. The 
same also is the case in the Fall. It may not be 
necessary to kindle a fire more than two or three 
times during the whole season. In the autumn 
too, a little fire is of great advantage in keeping 
the grapes, as in cold, damp weather they will rot 
quickly after becoming ripe, unless a little heat is 
given to dry them off. We do not say that a stove 
is necessary, but we do say that its use is very 
convenient, and profitable. By the aid of the 
stove, the following varieties may be ripened in 
addition to the list above: Bowood Muscat, new 
Golden Hamburg, Cannon Hall Muscat, Muscat of 
Alexandria, West’s St. Peters. 
THE PINNEO, OR BOSTON PEAR. 
Quite a controversy is goiDg on in some of the 
Eastern papers in regard to the Pinneo, or Boston 
Pear. This pear, it appears, originated in Eastern 
Connecticut about a hundred years ago, on the 
farm ot Deacon Pinneo, and wa3 somewhat exten¬ 
sively cultivated in that State. More or less of the 
fruit for many years has been sent to the Boston 
market by the Connecticut growers. In 1847 Dr. _____ 
Russell described it in the Albany Cultivator, as COLORING RECIPES, MOTHER’S PUDDING &c 
the Pinneo, the name by which it is generally - 
known in the section where most grown. Mr. Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— I saw in your paper 
Hovey says he first saw it in Boston about twenty a fevv weeks since an inquiry to this effect:—“ How 
years ago, where it was being sold as the Virgalieu, can woolen goods be colored drab or stone color, 
and in 1847 procured scions from Connecticut, 80 that the 7 will not fade V” I send you a recipe’ 
propagated trees, exhibited the fruit, and named and if J ou see fit to publish it, I think it will 
it the Boston pear. It seems that Mr. Hovey gave nnswer completely the question pronosed. 
no information as to its origin, although he must R E cir E .-Take half a bushel of white oak bark, 
have learned the facts when procuring scions, but boil in an iron kettle a sufficient length of time to 
HorGo H 1 J w Sh T thC MaSSachusetts extract the strength from the bark, strain and add 
in 1850 1 Socie ^ as a ne * natlve Pear,” and to the fluid two tablespoonfuls of copperas, or a 
m 1850 received for it a premium of S6. In 1854 a sufficient quantity to set the color Boil five 
gratuity of *20 was awarded “to Hovev & Co., for minutes. This will color woolen or cotton goods 
their new native pear,” though from a report of a w r- n , t, S 
committee after,ards appointed to examine i„,„ T ° °T B ™ Slurs Fort- 
ple. ake one ounce of cudbear to a pound of 
flannel. Boil the cudbear in rain water, in a brass 
kettle, five minutes. Wet the flannel in soap suds 
and put it in the dye. Keep stirring until it has 
boiled five minutes—hang it in the shade to dry. 
Freezing will not hurt it. 
the justice and regularity of this award, it seems 
that it was done by a minority of the committee, 
and at the urgent solicitation of interested parties’ 
and a vote of censure was accordingly recom¬ 
mended and passed. This vote, after remaining 
on record some time, was ordered to be rescinded 
The trees of this celebrated Boston pear were MoTnER ’ s Pudding,—F ive eggs; 1 quart sweet 
advertised and sold at $5 each, but when thev milk; ^ teacupfuls flour and a little salt; beat 
began to produce fruit it was ascertained bv ^ WklteS of tbe e ^ gs to a st,lff > beat tbe 
growers in Connecticut to be the same as their y ° lks m fl ° ur after ’ addin & a teacupful of milk; to 
Pinneo, and they objected to the change of its tbe batter add a ^ uart of milk 1 and, lastly, add 
name. The subject was discussed at the last ^ wb * tes ; web > and bake thirty minutes 
meeting of the American Pomological Society, and Tnm t0 Suit th ® taSte ‘ 
it was resolved that hereafter it should be known Elderberry Wine. — To one quart of the juice 
by its original name, the Pinneo, and under that put three P ounds of sugar, and add water sufficient 
name was recommended as promising well. This to make a § al,on - After fermenting with a little 
is the highest Pomological authority in the country, y east > and bas become clear, bottle it. 
and its decisions should be respected, at least by Farmer ’ Sen - Co., N. Y., 1S59. Maggie 
its own members, but this decision Mr. Hovey 
treats with contempt, and this season has it is ^ URE F0R Chilblains.—I saw in one of your 
stated, placed the Pinneo pear upon the tables of P a P erssome time since, a request from a Michigan 
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, labelled corres P° nden t> a s to what was good for chilblains, 
with his own hand, “Boston.” Having waited some time to hear those who had 
In consequence of complaints made in several an J tbin g to offer, a lady correspondent has rec- 
journals, charging the Society with complicity in ommended suet skins a3 excellent. Now, as I 
this matter of puffing an old fruit as a “new have been troubled all my life with chilblains, and 
native pear,” a committee was appointed to inves- bave tlded suet skinsand every other prescription 
tigate the charge, and report to the Society. The 1 could bear of for fifty y ears > without being ben- 
following is the main part of the report: dted > 1 gi ve , f° r the benefit of all whom it 
Your Committee have carefully investigated the rec- may concern ’ remedy, which is this:—Good 
orda of the Mass. Hort. Society, and are enabled to de- camphor; say 2 oz. of gum to one pint of good 
ni^fn'any wTy inFtrumenmnn^mrmlucing and* mideav 8 a!C ° ho15 kC6p the feet dean ^ washin S « but 
oring to palm off ihe fruit in question as “a new native water, the hotter the better; then moisten the 
Si or r « 8 pr e "Sf f* ““Ip »-'■ it into the 
Pinneo to Boston ; and are in no wise responsible and band and rubbing it well over the affected parts, 
a in n d ivkl ua 1* m .e m be r. P ‘° PUbiiC ° diUm for the a ° ta of and dl 7 U in h J a warm fire. 
That with respect to the repeated awards of premi- While my hand is in I will give you another 
wha^wer^fupposed ^o^e^the*facts intense Tnd ™ S °° d ^ ^ = 1 pt a!co ’ 
fully believed the fruit to be a neio native pear in- bo ' > 2oz - aqua ammonia ; 2 oz. spirits turpentine; 
SlStaf with any person or per 1! Apply ^ Same aS 
sons by misrepresenting the facts of the case and ihns We other. This IS only the third winter since I 
course' of'honor and'hones ty'and^by'me ^ ^ ^ ^ *** ° f ^ ^ 
delegation in the last Convention of the American ° D accoun ^ chilblains. Now I am cured.— 
Unanimous with the single excep- Moses Hartwell, Yatesville, Yates Co , N. Y 
non of Mr. C M. Hovey) pronounced in favor of the 1 ’ 
true and original name of the Pinneo , which vote vour 
Committee have every reason to believe is fully en- Simple Cure for Croup.— We find in the Jour- 
dorsed by the Society, and approved bv nil thA , , " c “ uu m ' ,ue aour- 
of justice and fair dealing to whom the facts of the Case We following simple remedy for 
are known. “ this dangerous disease. Those who have passed 
In view of this whole transaction — of tho ohlnnnv • r . r ^ 
which has been cast upon this Society for doings un- a 8 0D 7 bedside of loved children 
authorized by its action and beyond its control, fnd to will treasure it up as a valuable piece of informa- 
guard against a repetition of a like occurrence vour ■ If. am/ a, -a, , 
Committee recommend the passage of the following * IOn ‘ a ° bl d 13 ta, ken with croup, apply cold 
votes: “ 5 water—ice-water if possible—suddenly and freely 
Voted. That no person has any right to name or re- to the neck and chest with a sponge. The breath 
name a fruit which he does not originate, unless with • ... . , ,, , f ° 
the knowledge and consent of the originator or pro- 1U ^ instantly be relieved. Soon as possible 
prietor, and with the knowledge, counsel, and consent ^t the sufferer drink as much as it can, then wine 
of a majority of all the persons who cultivate it- or hv ti j ... . 
a vote of the nearest Horticultural or PomoinfriVni s)Z “ dr ^’ cover ^ U P warm, and soon a quiet slumber 
will relieve the parent’s anxiety, and lead the heart 
Fruit Growers’ Society of Western New 
York.— The Annual Meeting of the Fruit Growers’ 
Society of Western New York will be held at the 
Court House, Rochester, on Wednesday, the 4th 
day of January, at 10 o’clock in the forenoon. 
The officers for the coming year will be elected, 
and questions of interest to the Fruit Growers of 
the country discussed. A show of winter fruit 
■will also be made, and members are requested to 
bring specimens for exhibition. These winter 
meetings are both interesting and profitable, and 
are well attended by the most intelligent Fruit 
Growers in this section of the State. 
Fruit Growers’ Association op Oregon. _The 
last number of the Oregon Fai'mer gives an 
account of the Second Annual Meeting of the 
Oregon I ruit Growers’ Association, which was 
held at Salem, October oth and 6th. The Farmer 
says the display of fruit was universally conceded 
to be very fine and very extensive, though neither 
the attendance or display was as large as it would 
have been, but for the great rush to get off the 
large crop of fall fruit. 
The Horticulturist.— The December number 
of the Horticulturist contains a card from Jno. 
Jav Smith, stating that his connection with that 
journal as its editor had ceased. The publisher, in 
noticing the fact, speaks of the advance in Horti¬ 
culture since the commencement of the Horticul¬ 
turist, the valuable contributions it is still to receive 
from the “.active minds of the country,” &c., but 
says not oneword about a new editor, so we judge 
it is not to have one. 
Keokuk (Iowa) Horticultural Society. —Such a 
Society has been organized in that city, and officers 
elected to serve until the first annual meeting, to be 
held the first Thursday in February, 1SG0. The follow¬ 
ing are the officers elected November 17th -.-President 
—A. Bridgeman. Vice-President- \V. W. Belknap. 
Secretary- J. L.Tewksbury. Treasurer— S. A. Duke. 
Another meeting is to be held on the Stli of December 
next, at 2 o’clock p. m. 
Horticultural or Pomological So¬ 
ciety that shall have been put in possession of all the 
facts known to the person or persons wishing to have 
the name so changed. 
Voted, That the Slat section of the By-Laws of this 
Society be so amended as to provide that any member 
who fthall knowingly change the name of any fruit al- 
ready properly introduced or known, and exhibit the 
same for premium in violation of the spirit and mean¬ 
ing of the preceding vote, shall be deemed guilty of a 
gross breach of good faith towards the Society and the 
u°™™ u nity, and shall be forthwith expelled from the 
SAMUEL WALKER, ) 
GEO. W. PRATT, 
.JOSEPH S. CABOT, j Committee. 
MARSHALL P. WILDER, | 
B. V. FRENCH, J 
The report was rejected after a warm discussion, 
by the casting vote of the President. The Secre¬ 
tary, as usual, had entered the Report upon his 
record, as a part of the proceedings of the meeting, 
with the vote upon it; but its rejection, it seems, 
did not satisfy those who were disposed to smother 
the truth, and it was voted that “this report not 
having been accepted, and it being the opinion of 
the Society that no report should be recorded 
until accepted, the record of this report is hereby 
cancelled.” This looks wonderfully like small 
business, and while we have no personal interest 
or feeling in the matter, we love upright, fair 
dealing and despise everything like deception, 
whether in societies or individuals. 
A DESTRUCTIVE GRUB. 
Eds. Rural New-\ orker :—In the Rural, some 
time since, I noticed a description of the Apple 
Tree Borer, which is decidedly a hard enemy to 
contend with. Your description, I think, varies 
from the grub which infests the trees here, both 
fruit and forest trees. The grub most injurious 
here is about three-quarters of an inch long, slen¬ 
der, fiat body, jointed, with a large, flat head, 
which it seems to work from side to side, when 
ascending. You will readily perceive their work, 
as the bark turns dark and dents to the wood. I 
have traced them with a sharp knife from twelve 
to eighteen inches before finding the grub. In 
the maple trees, transplanted from the forest, I 
have found them, in my Mountain Ash'and Horse 
Chestnut. 
Why is it that trees brought from the Roches¬ 
ter nurseries are so much more infested with the 
borer than trees of our own raising ? I have 
scarcely had a tree from Rochester escape them, 
while my seedliDgs are rarely attacked. My or¬ 
chard soil is a sandy loam, under a very good state 
of cultivation.— Subscriber, Kent County, Mich., 
Bee., 1859. 
in thankfulness to the Power which has given to 
the pure gushing fountain such medical qualities. 
Answer to “ Molly.”— If I had Mollx^s dress 
to deal with, I should boil a half pint of flax seed 
in a quart of water, dissolve a little glue, and 
strain both into some strong suds, made of bar 
soap and cold rain water, then immerse the silk 
and handle it briskly a few minutes so as to raise 
a good lather from the soap, and hang up without 
wringing. When two-thirds dry iron on the wrong 
side, passing the iron quickly and but once over 
any part of the silk.— Mrs. Nick. Morgan Co., O. 
Inquiries.— Will M. F. W. tell us how much 
water to use to whiten 100 pounds lard? Also* 
whether the lard is to be boiled after it is rendered, 
or is the water to be put into the lard and boiled 
away during the process of rendering? How 
much potash will it require to make the lye tbs. 
proper strength? Will some of the Rural’s cor¬ 
respondents give a recipe for making vinegar from 
any other source, save from cider ? — John, Nor¬ 
wich, Conn., Nov., 1859. 
Making Sausages. —As tbe time has arrived-for 
making sausages, I would like to have the follow¬ 
ing recipe inserted in the Rural. It is onewe, in 
this neighborhood, have tried for several years:— 
Forty pounds of meat; one pound of salt; three 
oz. pepper; half pint of sage, pulverized. Some 
add a little summer savory.—A. Willson, Mar¬ 
cellas, Onon. Co., N. Y., 1859. 
Potato Bread.— Boil and peel a dozen mealy 
potatoes, rub them through a sieve, mix them 
thoroughly with twice the quantity of flour or 
meal, add sufficient water to make a dough of 
the ordinary consistence, ferment in the usual 
way with hop or potato yeast, aud bake in a rather 
hot oven. 
Crystallizing Grasses Different Colors.— 
Having observed the process of crystallizing 
grasses in the columns of the Rural, I wish to 
inquire the best process of crystallizing them 
various colors—J. C. F., Westville, Conn., Bee. 
1S59. 
Coloring Flannel Red. —Desiring a recipe for 
coloring flannel red, and cotton green, I apply to 
your valuable paper for the information.— Jennie, 
Wells, Ft., 1859. 
