YOL X. NO. 52.} 
ROCHESTER, N.Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1859. 
i WHOLE NO. 520. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, morals'or vitiating the taste of a single individual, friends, and those interested in its subjects, in the 
t nu.:™--- A -1--.1-1 v-+ Woo* onrl +Via SmitL _anrl 
AH ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
The Rural Nkw-Yorker Is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes 
bis personal attention to the supervision of its various de¬ 
partments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates.— 
It embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, interspersed with 
appropriate and beautiful Engravings, than any other jour¬ 
nal,—rendering it’the most complete Agricultural, Lit¬ 
erary and Family Newspaper in America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
This was our standard, an elevated and laudable East, the West, the North, and the South — and 
one—perhaps too fastidious to suit the popular 
taste—but we resolved to adhere to it, and, if nec" 
- ", : 
that the spirit of its glorious Motto, “ Excelsior,” 
and laudable Objects, u Progress and Improve- 
essary, “ learn to labor and to wait” long years for merit ,” will continue to be manifested in our efforts 
that success and reward Which we firmly believed to furnish an unequaled Rural, Literary and 
would eventually crown well-directed and per- Family Newspaper. 
sistent efforts for the achievement of laudable -*-«•»- 
objects. And we ivere obliged to thus labor and THE FARMER A MANUFACTURER. 
wait for years—ignoring ease and pleasure, sacri- —- 
ficing health, and sinking thousands of dollars, Every farmer, great or small, is a manufac- 
and even the last dollar we possessed, — before the turer. In the manufarf' y which he superintends, 
Rural New-Yorker reached a “paying basis,’ is made butter, cheese, beef, pork, corn, wheat and 
though, meantime, it paid thousands of its read- potatoes — in fact, all the real necessaries of life, 
ers, and us in the consciousness of benefiting No other manufacturer is engaged in a work of so 
others and promoting a noble cause. Though much importance. We could get along without 
this was a period of trial and sacrifice, we never manufactories of silk, cotton, or woolen goods, but 
wavered for a moment or lost our faith in the ] et tbe f ac t or ies that make our bread and meat 
cause espoused, or those to whom we looked for ceage to work) ai ^ d rui ,_ death in its most horrid 
support;—in vulgar parlance, our pluck was f or m — would stare 1 s in the face. There is no 
always good and courage 9G to the inch. And the ^-ork that requires m thought and care,— none 
result, as already intimated, has thus far for we that makes greater calls for the exercise of the 
looked ten years ahead in the outset—fully real- highest faculties of the mind, than farming. To no 
wW?- * 
Utk jug 
msem 
I# 
BIIIk ^ 
glfer 
.A. NEAT POULTRY HOUSE. 
ized our early anticipations. 
man, in any position of life, is a general know! 
In adversity and prosperity, through good and edge of the wonderful laws of nature of more im- the year we have given drawings and the rear. The back wall resting against the bank, 
evil report—and notwithstanding the base imita- portance than it is to the farmer. Cotton, it is descriptions of houses, barns, corn-cribs, and al- is ol stone, twenty inches thics, ace wi ric: . 
tions in name, style and manner, and subsequent well known, can be made into cotton cloth, and most every other farm buildiDg, ano now, in the The fiont wall and ends aie also o nc1 *e 
exhibitions of envy and jealousy, of some of its wool into blankets and broadcloths; but the great last number of the volume, present our reade.s root has a gentle pitch to t e rear, anc mace o 
contemporaries—the Rural New-Yorker has question with the manufacturer is, how this can be with a very pretty and convenient I oultry House, one-and-a-quarter inc p an , tongue an g.oo^ 
unrsued the even tenor of its wav. alwavs eallins' so done hv n. indieinEs selection of materials, and built by C. N. Bemext, at Springside, near Pough- ed, joints painted with white lead before bei«T 
CLOSE OF THE YEAR AND VOLUME, 
And of first Ten Years of the Rural New-Yorker. 
Teh Years! How long a period—the seventh 
of a life-time of full “three score and ten ” — and 
yci ho.i swift!/ Las 11 passed, biinging us to 
another and important mile-stone in the cycle of 
Time! A decade of years has the Rural New- 
Yorker existed, and, thanks to its myriad friends, 
annually progressed and triumphed—augmenting 
in circulation and usefulness as it increased in 
age and the vigor and strength of maturiiy. And 
now it becomes our duty, for the tenth time, to 
indite a closing article for the Year and Volume. 
How hackneyed the theme, yet what emotions 
arise and what thoughts are awakened on an 
occasion so interesting and important. Our first 
emotion is one of gratitude — a sincere aspiration 
of thanksgiving to Him who “ doeth all things 
well” — that we have not only been permitted to 
live and labor, but to see the fruition of our most 
saDguine hopes in regard to an enterprise which 
was neither commenced or continued on selfish 
principles, and to witness a remarkable advance 
in the great cause of Rural “ Progress and Im¬ 
provement” which this journal has zealously, 
constantly, and we trust successfully, sought to 
promote. This is not an age of miracles, yet how 
wonderful, almost miraculous, have been the 
changes, the inventions, the progress and improve¬ 
ments of the past decade in nearly every depart¬ 
ment — Mental, Moral and Physical. Would that 
time and space, and memory and power, permitted 
a proper enumeration of even what has come 
under our own observation in only one department 
— the advancement of Improvement in Rural 
Affairs and matters connected therewith. But 
we must omit a discussion of this pleasant theme, 
and turn our attention to more timely topics — 
matters pertinent to the occasion and season. 
For five hundred and twenty weeks, and during 
the publication of that number of issues of the 
Rural New-Yorker, it has been our earnest, 
constant and conscientious endeavor to faithfully 
discharge our duty to all in any wise interested or 
affected—Individuals, Families, Community and 
the Country. Starting with a consciousness of 
the great responsibility assumed, and humbly 
realizing our inability in many respects, we 
resolved to make a vigorous and persistent effort 
to establish in the heart of the best cultivated and 
populated Rural District of America a weekly 
Agricultural and Family Journal which should be 
Honest, Independent and Reliable. We had heard 
much cant about the necessity of great genius and 
talent and science and capital in such a sphere of 
journalism, but believed that Pluck, Industry, 
Principle and Energy were the first requisites, 
and indispensable to a success worth achieving in 
such an enterprise as we had undertaken. Com¬ 
paratively young, and hence hopeful, sanguine of 
future success, in benefiting others at least—confi¬ 
dently believing that those whose interests we 
advocated would eventually appreciate our efforts 
—we determined, against the advice of our best 
friends, to venture our all (financially,) and devote 
years of untiring labor in an endeavor to establish 
upon a firm basis, a combined Rural, Literary 
and Family Newspaper which should excel in 
merit and usefulness—and from that day to this 
our great aim has been to render this journal 
eminently Instructive, Useful and Entertaining— 
to enhance, so far as in our power, the Physical 
Interests and Home Happiness of all its readers— 
without misleading the judgment, injuring the 
pursued the even tenor of its way, always calling so done by a judicio*? selection of materials, and 
thiDgs by their right names, exposing and con- skill in their manufact- re, as to afford a profit over 
keepsie, of which Mr. B. gives the following de- laid. The under sides of the rafters are lined with 
demning what it believed to be Wrong, and cost. On his wisdom in this respect depends the scription : hemlock boards, the spaces between the ra.ters 
defending and advocating the Right, under all all-important quest* , vhether his business is a In a sequestered nook, and cluster of trees, on filled with tan, rendering it frost-proof. The front 
circumstances and regardless of the frowns or successor a failure. Manure and labor will manu- the sunu Y side of a high bank, surmounted by wall is of brick, and two ieet high, on which the 
favors of individuals or associations. It has ever facture crops to j. M unlimited extent: but rocks covered with shrubbery, may be seen the wood and sash rest. In the base are gratings, to 
rolled icn its) intrinsic merit for support, and on the cost of th,if manure, and the way and pur- *** ^1-house, lately erected by the writer.- admit air; also above the glass, anti jiist under tne 
never asked or received a dollar of patronage, as p0 se for which it is used, depends the success or This location was selected for the purpose ol pro- eaves, are open spaces for ventilation, in very 
such, from any individual or society-nor has it failure of the farmer-the fact whether or not he tection from the cold northern blasts, and receiv- cold weather these spaces may be closed with 
ever been in any wise connected with any business ma kes these crops at a profit over cost. 
ing the warmth and benefit of the Winter’s sun. shutters. On the right is a door for entrance, and 
which could be promoted through the use of its The farmer, like the manufacturer, pursues his The deciduous trees in front being deprived of on the left is a small one for the egress and ingress 
pages, or the puffing of which therein would business to earn a livelihood for himself and family, their foliage in Winter, admits the full influence of the fowls. 
detract from its independence or reliability on and to accumulate a small store for a rainy day - ._ of the sun, and, when in fu.l leaf, to shade and Internal Arrangement. In the rear, and run- 
any subject connected with the business of those No manufacturer would boast of his large produc- ward off his searchin S rays in Summer. ning the whole length of the room, are two tiers 
whose interests it advocates. This is one great tions, or think he was doing a business that he had Description .—'The elevation, as will be seen-in ol boxes or nests, winch are eighteen inches 
secret of its power and success with those who rea son to be proud of if what he made cost all it tlie fi g ure accompanying this article, is a rather square, and the same in height. Adjoining the 
think aright—for the great mass of intelligent wm .*v, in it* niwWtinn The fnrmer mnv pretty affair. The centre building, with the gable nest is an apartment ot the same size, where the 
secret of its power and success with those who rea son to be proud of, if what he made cost all it 
think aright—for the great mass of intelligent wag WO rth in its production. The farmer may 
men and women of this land believe in honesty, sixty or seTe nty bushe l s of wheat to the acre, to the front ’ 13 twelve fe f Square ^ V,' * en f nters to S° t( \ her nest ’ whlch 13 la “ iced “ 
not only as the best policy, but as the best princi- a nd proclaim the fact all over the country-obtain The roof very steep and surmoun ed with a kind front, giving air ana apparent secrecy, with which 
pie in practice and action. *L* *l„ w oa * *l. of cupola, for the purpose ot ventilation and or- she seems much pleased. The under tier is about 
the first premium for the largest crop grown in the 
The Rural New-Yorker is not, and we trust State or Nation, and the wonderful performance be 
never will be, a favorite with those speculators heralded through all the papers in the land; yet, 
nament; in the bottom of this are two small swing two feet above the ground floor. The range of 
doors, to close up when necessary. The roof is of tiers is set out from the back wall ten inches.— 
, „ 1 £ b , 1 . c l one and-a-quarter inch plank, tongued and groov- These nests, are covered with boards, sloping 
and swindling sharpers whose chief labor of life if this large crop cost more in its manufacture .* . , , ... , 7 , , ,, .. , , ,, „ „ , , , , , r ° 
b ..... ,, 5 . ,. ,,,,,, ed, the mints painted with white lead and battened, down, like the roof of a house, to catch and carry 
is to prey upon and into the pockets of the inno- than it would bring in the market, what has been , .. , . „ ,, . , - ,. , J 
. r / r „,. „ „ , r i, , , . . , , , ,, ... , ... , The entire front is of glass, extending to the very down the droppings of the fowls from the perches 
cent and confiding of all classes, annually deplet- gained, and who would like to follow such an ex- . , 07 . ,. , , , . , . ,, ^ 
L nf Tiio formor tVinf raianH point at the top. immediately over, to a trough in the rear. By 
cent and confiding of all classes, annually deplet- gained, and who would like to follow such an ex- . , 67 . 6 r _ 
& . ’ CA c , c m c * • a iu- i point at the top. immediately over, to a trough in the rear. By 
ing the purses and abusing the confidence of ample for a living? The farmer that raised thirty r . r . , . .. 7 . ,, , , 
r, 0 r=„„ 0 , ? ,, . ., .. .. The left wing is a lower edifice, twenty-two ieet this arrangement the manure is all saved, and out 
thousands of unsuspecting persons throughout bushels, at a price that would allow him a fair , , x ’ l- . ■ - F .. „ , , 7 0 
,, in , .■ , ,, , , long and ten feet wide. The floor, which is of of the way of the fowls. We kept our Spanish 
the country. Our pages prove that these martyrs, profit over cost, -would be far more worthy of , f „ i iwio l i * tit- * iu ± , 
u ~ ia f . ...... TI ,, , , J . broken stone covered with fine gravel, is sunk be- fowls in this house last Winter, without injury by 
who would fain sacrifice themselves m teaching praise and imitation. He that can make corn and 3 u ° ’ . ’ j j j 
,, , , , . ... / . . . J: 4 , ... . . low the surface, two feet in front and eight feet m frost, to their wattles or large combs. 
the people howto acquire wealth (and wisdom f) wheat at the lowest possible price, and meat and _ 7 ____ 
with remarkable ease and celerity, owe us nothing butter cheaper than his neighbors, is the best far- 
in love or money. Nor is this journal a special mer ; it being always understood that he is not profit from the use of the guano was about $14 to raised in 1854, as appears by the census of 1855, 
favorite with the would-be savans and self-styled using up his capital—the fertility of his soil. the acre. was, 
professors who make great pretensions in various We can largely increase almost any of our crops We will not pretend to say that the farmer CwtaMragiis,' •• ••• •••• 62,546 tU “ 9 ' 
branches of science connected with Rural Affairs, by the use of guano, (and if we believe half the cannot, by judicious management, make manure Chautauqua,. 105,672 “ 
but who have only a moiety of the knowledge, stories told, by the use of many patent manures-?) the that will grow potatoes cheaper than by using Wyoming, WnS 0l . Erie .’ 1^ 58^421 “ 
ability or experience possessed by many of its con- question is, whether we can use guano in the pro- guano, but we do say that no one near a good • 
tributors. Agricultural Improvement gains iittle duction of crops, at a profit. This must, of course, market like this, can afford to plant, cultivate and Total tUDS >. 341,276 
— may lose much—from the pretentious displays of depend a good deal upon its price and the value of dig an acre of potatoes for 50 or 75 bushels, while The rapid increase of stock indicates that the 
Allegany,. 
. 54,6-37 tuns. 
Cattaraugus,. 
. 62,546 “ 
Chautauqua,. 
....105,672 “ 
South Towns of Erie,.... 
.... 60,000 “ 
Wyoming,. 
_ 58,421 “ 
Total tuns,. 
....341,276 
The rapid increase of stock indicates that the 
men who really know little, practically or thor- the produce. The English farmers find its use he can add to the product from 60 to 80 bushels growth of hay has nearly doubled in the last five 
oughly, yet kindly condescend to teach by precept profitable, and to many of our crops it may doubt- by the use of Peruvian guano that will cost four- years. But suppose there had been no increase, 
the science and practice of Agriculture to those i ess be applied with advantage. Experiments teen or fifteen dollars. When potatoes are low, not over one-tenth of a crop has been made in 
who are their seniors in both years and experience, alone will give us the necessary light on the from an over-supply, or on account of the great these counties. That involves a loss of over 300,- 
But the Rural is a favorite with tens of thousands subject. 
distance to market, say from 20 to 25 cents a 000 tuns, which, at $10 per tun, its value to the 
of intelligent, progressive and enterprising culti- p or SO me years we have thought that in the bushel, of course they cannot be grown with guano farmer in ordinary years, shows a pecuniary loss 
vators all over the land — not only in our own production of potatoes the prospect was the most at a profit; but at 40 cents a bushel, or more, we to the farmers of that devoted region of not less 
highly favored “Empire State,” but throughout favorable, and a few small experiments made a can make money by using guano to increase the than three millions of dollars, 
the rich valleys and prairies of the West, the steep yea r or two since, rather confirmed us in the crop. But the loss does not stop here, for the loss of 
and rocky hills of New England, the naturally opinion, though the rot sadly interfered with our 
fertile sections of the “ Old Dominion” and other arrangements. The past summer we undertook to 
How the farmer can make corn, wheat, meat, the hay crop involves the driving away from these 
&c., at the least cost, is the great question which coun ties at least three-quarters of all their animals, 
localities of the sunny South, and in the better investigate this question a little more thoroughly, farmers should investigate. Each one can do and { b ey must be sold at prices so low as to make 
portions of the British Provinces at the North. and procured a quantity of Peruvian Guano for something towards solving this problem. By ^ ou t 0 f the power of many farmers to replace 
From the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from Canada the purpose. This was carefully weighed and keeping the necessary accounts he can tell how them again next spring, and their land will not 
to the Gulf, it is, we are proud to know, a welcome applied at the rate of three hundred and fifty much it costs him per bushel to produce the differ- y j c ld its proper return, because they have nothing 
and entertaining visitor to the Farmer, the Horti- pounds to the acre. The soil was a sandy loam, ent grains under the different systems of culture, eat their pasturage. 
culturist and the Family Circle now having a som ewhat impoverished by previous cropping, and the cost per pound of beef and pork-under The milch cows by the Census of 1855, now, in 
far Larger Circulation than any similar Journal. The guano cost in New Y’ork three cents a pound^ different systems of feeding. It is such facts as Allegany 19 009 
Thus much, and perhaps altogether too much and transportation, cartage, &c., nearly one cent these, derived from actual experience, that we are Cattaraugus,_. 23,638 
personally, of the past. Perchance it would have more, making the whole cost about $14. To this anxious to lay before our readers. Chautauqua,. rn’lSl 
been better, had we referred to former volumes of we may add $1 per acre as the cost of applying, -- 
the Rural for its record and position — for with which was much less than it cost us, on account of IMPORTANCE OF THE HAY CROP. 
all the mistakes, and sins of omission and com- care in weighing the guano for every row, but is - 
mission, which must be apparent to the discrimi- perhaps more than the necessary cost in ordinary Having had occasion to travel through the coun- 
nating reader, whatever has appeared in its pages practice. The increase on the acre from the guano, ties of Wyoming, Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chau- 
Allegany,. 19,009 
Cattaraugus,-. 23,638 
Chautauqua,. 86,046 
Wyoming,. 16,781 
Erie, South Towns,. 18,000 
Total,.118,419 
which last spring were worth at lowest average 
$35 per head—making a total value of $3,402,750. 
must pass the ordeal of intelligent, though we over that which received none, the soil being pre- tauqua, and the south towns of Erie county the The loss by reason of the forced sales will be equa 
trust, lenient criticism; and the value and char- cisely alike, in every respect, was 73 bushels. The past summer, after the June frost, I was particu- to at least $20 per head —thus involving a total 
acter of the paper in the past must be the criterion product from both the manured and unmanured larly struck with the great loss which its destruc- loss of $2,250,000. The loss upon their ot er 
by which to judge of its future. This is but just land, was both weighed and measured, for the tiou of the grass over all this region had occasioned cattle, of which they had 143,000 head, and upon 
and proper, and we therefore submit and refer to sake of the greater accuracy. The land also, was to the farmers. Iu no section of the State was their sheep and horses, would be at least $^,000, 
the record with diffidence and humility — promis- accurately measured, staked off and labeled. The its severity more marked than in this, nor saw 000 moie. 
ing only that, if life and health are spared, and our extra 73 bushels cost for the raw material (guano) any other so badly afflicted. It will require years The failuie of the hay ctop, then, in t ese four 
efi'orts properly seconded by Its Correspondents, from which they were made, 20 cents per bushel, to place the farms in as good condition as they counties and the half of another, directly and m- 
Agents and Subscribers, the future of the Rural The cost of cultivation was the same as though no wei ' e oa ttie lst ot ' directly involves a pecuniary oss to t le mhahit- 
. New-Y'orker shall be worthy of its past history— guano had been used, and digging and handling Its results demonstrate more than ever the great ants of not less than se\en mi lions ot dollars.— 
I that it shall strive to command and augment the but a trifle more. Potatoes were worth here the importance of the hay crop over all others—espe- The destruction of the wheat crop forms no corn- 
confidence and support of its myriad of ardent past fall about 40 cents per bushel, so that the daily in the dairy and grazing regions. The hay parison to this.— p. 
