MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
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MILLARD FILLMORF, 
THIRTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
(Bbumtimuil lipartrarat. 
BY L. WETIIERELL. 
A FEW FRIENDLY SUGGESTIONS. 
I Kind Friends, Patrons and Readers, we 
wish you all a Happy New Year. And we 
purpose to do what we can to make it so.— 
But, you are all conscious that happiness is 
not the product of wishing only, else all 
would bo happy. Happiness, if attained 
j unto, in this life, must spring from a con- 
j sciousness of Having met and fully discharged 
every duty and obligation imposed upon us 
| from our relation to God and man. Such a 
view of the subject involves a great amount 
of arduous and active labor. It will be in 
I vain for the indolent to expect happiness, 
! from mere wishing. Wishing alone can 
| never beget such a boon, any more than it 
j can procure riches, honor, fame, knowledge, 
understanding or wisdom. 
It is a good time at the beginning of the 
year after having recounted the gains and 
I taken note of the losses of the year just 
j ended, to make' resolutions for the better 
| improvement of the future. Upon this de¬ 
pends our advancement in every thing desi- 
I rable. Time is our capital. Our mental 
and moral improvement will depend upon 
its employment. Ho who is industrious and 
persevering will acquire wisdom and under- 
i standing though he progresses slowly. It is 
improvement, according to what a man hath, 
j that secures the Divine approval, and con- 
I sequently happiness. Every one who rightly 
employs his time will find himself growing 
not only more learned and wise, but, better 
and happier as time moves on. 
Lot plans, then, be devised and purposes 
i formed, this, the first day of 1852, that shall, 
by being faithfully executed greatly enhance 
both our improvement and enjoyment. And 
may all remember that it is right doing and 
not wishing that makes persons happy. 
WHAT IS EDUCATION. 
_ 
What is education and how is it to be im¬ 
parted— aro inquiries of no small magni¬ 
tude. They involve considerations that, in¬ 
timately concern every human being—for 
education of some kind all must receive.— 
Let parents and teachers bear in mind that 
j preceptive instruction, however good and 
abundant soever it may be, does not, neces- 
j sarily, constitute education ? Multitudes of 
j children, who at this time are receiving good 
instruction, either from parents or teachers, 
or perchance from both, aro nevertheless 
I receiving a bad education. 
How and where are your children trained, 
not how and by whom are they instructed, 
should be the great inquiry. Every child 
will receive his education where he receives 
his training. If he associates with vicious 
companions by day and by night, he will al¬ 
most unavoidably partake of their hue, for 
they, not his instructors, educate him. 
Education, then, may be considered the 
power which one acquires, which may and 
will be exercised either for good or evil, ac¬ 
cording to the circumstance which have de¬ 
veloped it, and thus given bias to the heart 
whoso instrument this power is. 
Good instruction united with good train¬ 
ing will make a good character—in other 
words, a good education — whereas, let but 
the training bo bad, and the character will 
| be vicious, and the education bad. Hence, 
none should forget the precept of the Bible: 
Train up a child in the way he should go, 
and when he is old, he will not depart 
from it. 
EDUCATING THE HEART. 
Of all the important duties which devolve 
upon the teacher, none are of greater mo¬ 
ment than that of cultivating the moral 
faculties of those placed under his charge— 
in other words, of educating the heart. It ' 
matters little how much of any particular 
science, or how great a number of sciences 
may be taught a child, if his moral training 
is neglected, and evil influences and habits 
are permitted to take root and spread un¬ 
checked in his heart. The benefits derived 
from an increase of intellectual attainments 
will be far overbalanced by the evils arising 
from a loss of virtue. The teacher who 
neglects the moral culture of those entrusted 
to Iris care, but illy discharges the responsi¬ 
bilities which he takes upon himself, and 
however apt he may be to teach — however 
extensive his acquirements, if he is deficient 
in this point ho is unfit for the station which 
ho fills. 
Associations are powerful, either for good 
or ill, and none exert a greater force than 
those of the school room. Let a child be 
placed amid companions whose morals are 
! depraved and habits bad, however guiltless 
he may be before exposure to their influence, 
he will soon become contaminated. A few 
vicious .children will corrupt a whole school. 
For instance i introduce a few boys addicted 
to profanity into a school free from that 
vice, and if no exertions are made to coun¬ 
teract the evil effects of their example, it 
will be but a short time ere swearing will be 
rife among the scholars. 
It is well known that the training of the 
child moulds the man — habits formed in 
vouth are lasting — principles then imbibed 
are deeply rooted, and upon their character 
depends the prosperity or otherwise of ma¬ 
turity. If these statements are true (and 
few will deny that they are,) the position of 
the teacher is one of vast responsibility, and 
should be filled by men and women who are 
strong-mined, upright, and virtuous. 
In view of the foregoing considerations 
the following inquiry becomes one of great 
importance. By what means, and in what 
manner can the moral faculties of a school 
bo best developed, and its evil habits sup¬ 
pressed ? To this I would answer, that the 
first step to be taken by a teacher in educa¬ 
ting the hearts of bis pupils i#to gain their 
confidence and affection. To do this he has 
simply to act with kindness towards them, 
and make them conscious that he seeks their 
welfare. This done, he may lead them at 
his pleasure. Uniting example with precept 
— pointing out the wrongs which need cor¬ 
rection and the evil influences and habits 
which need to be broken up. and showing 
the injurious effects thereof, will cause 
abandonment of them. 
The human heart is a garden in which if 
the seeds of goodness are not early sown, 
and the plants which spring therefrom, are 
not nourished with careful culture; the 
weeds of vice will shoot up with rank and 
noxious growth. There is probably no 
method by which the introduction and 
spread of corrupt and vicious principles in 
the heart, can be more efficiently prevented 
than by the early and constant instillation 
of sound and virtuous sentiments. The mind 
which is filled with the principles of virtue 
and rectitude has but little room for corrupt 
propensities and is well guarded against 
their intrusion. 
In conclusion, I would say that the re¬ 
sponsibility rests not upon teachers alone; 
it is the duty of parents to co-operatc with 
them and as the result of their united labors 
a great, good and prosperous posterity will 
rise up and call them blessed. j. G. it. 
West Dryden, N. Y., Jan. 1852. 
NEW PUBLICATIONS. 
A Class-Rook or Chemistry, in which the principles of 
the Science are fainaliarly explained and applied to 
the Arts, Agriculture, 1’hysiology, Dietics, Ventila¬ 
tion and the most important Phenomena of Nature.— 
Designed for jLlie use of Academies and Schools, and 
Popular Reading, lly Edward L. Youmans, Author 
of “A New Chart of Chemistry.” New York: D. 
A ppleton &. Co. 1852. 
In copying the title pago of this work wo 
have given a good analysis of its contens. 
It is accompanied with a Chart four feet by 
five in size, containing about 1,000 diagrams 
in 1G different colors. We cannot express 
our own views of it better than by quoting 
the words of Dr. Jas. R. Chilton, Chemist, 
who says — “To those who are studying to 
obtain a knowledge of elementary and agri¬ 
cultural chemistry, as well as to all learners 
of chemical science, Air. Youmans’s Chart 
will render easily understood what might 
otherwise appear very difficult.” It is also 
commended by Profs. Silliman, J. W. Dra¬ 
per, Jas. B. Rogers, John Torry, — and 
Hon. Horace Mann and other distinguished 
educators. Wo commend it to teachers as 
an excellent aid in teaching an important 
science. For sale by Wanzer, Beardsley 
& Co., in Rochester, and by the agent, D. 
Holbrook. Price $5. 
The Power of Christian Benevolence Illustrated in 
the Life and Labors of Mary Lyon. Compiled by Ed¬ 
ward Hitchcock, D.D..LL. 1)., Pre-idem of Amherst 
College: with the assistance of others. Third Ei.itioti. 
Northampton: llopkins, Bridgman & Co. 185:!. 12 
mo. pp. 486. 
This Biographical Memoir made its first 
appearance about the first of last August; 
and the demand has been such, that 1,000 a 
month have been published since. We most 
cordially commend this book to all our 
readers — and especially to mothers and fe¬ 
male teachers. Miss Lyon was one of the 
most remarkable women of the age. Get 
her memoir and read it. Harrow and 
Alling have it. 
Zoroaster, though the most profound 
philosopher of his time, was very easily put 
out of temper. He once carried his irrita¬ 
bility so far as to break a marble table to 
pieces with a hammer, because he chanced 
to stumble over it in the dark. 
The object of education is to furnish re¬ 
sources that shall endure as long as life; 
habits that shall ameliorate, not destroy; a 
vocation that shall deprive solitude of its 
loneliness, sickness of its anguish, and death 
of its terrors. 
Shakspeare with all his greatness was a 
higgler, and Handel, with his superior mu¬ 
sical powers was a miser. 
Act uprightly and fearlessly, and you may 
defy the devil’s machinations. 
Millard Fillmore was born at Summer 
Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Jan. 7, 1800, and is 
accordingly now a little over fifty years old. 
His father was a farmer in very limited cir¬ 
cumstances. The family removed to Auro¬ 
ra, Erie Co., in 1819, where the father still 
carries on a farm of moderate dimensions, 
and where reside the family of the Presi¬ 
dent, in a style not more pretending than is 
common to thriving farmers of that pros¬ 
perous district. The narrow means of the 
father did not permit the bestowal on the 
son of any other than a most limited com¬ 
mon school education. When fifteen years 
old he was sent to learn the trade of a cloth¬ 
ier, at which be worked for four years, im¬ 
proving all his spare time in reading books 
from a little library In tlie village. 
At the age of nineteen he made the ac¬ 
quaintance of Judge Wood, of Cayuga Co., 
who perceived the latent talents of the young- 
man, and induced him to study law, for 
which ho generously furnished the means.* 
Mr. Fillmore remained in Judge Wood’s of¬ 
fice above two years, studying with that in¬ 
dustry and perseverance which have distin¬ 
guished him through life ; during this time 
he also taught school in the winter months, 
in order himself to provide for his expenses 
as possible. In 1822 lie entered a law office 
at Buffalo, and passed a year studying and 
teaching, when he was admitted to the bar 
and removed to Aurora, the residence of his 
father, to commenc the practice of his pro¬ 
fession. In 182G he married Abigail, the 
daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, who now 
presides at the White House. Several years 
were now mainly employed by Air. Fillmore 
in diligent judicial studies, and in the limited 
legal practice of a country town. 
In 1S29 he was elected to the Assembly of 
Now York, and for three years (during 
which time he removed his residence to Buf¬ 
falo) held a seat in that body. Here lie was 
remarkable for constant devotion to, and 
unwearied industry in his duties. He took 
a prominent and influential part in the en¬ 
actment of the law abolishing imprisonment 
for debt. In 1832 he was elected to the 
twenty-third Congress, and served credita¬ 
bly. In the fall of 1836 he was again re¬ 
turned for the same office, and acted as a 
member of tho Committee on Elections in 
the famous New-Jersey “Broad-Seal case, 
and in that capacity established his repu¬ 
tation in the House. He was re-elected to 
the next Congress, and now assumed the 
responsible position of Chairman of the 
Committee of Ways and Aleans. In the du¬ 
ties of this post he manifested the industry, 
dignity of bearing, efficient practical talent, 
and ability to secure tho confidence of his 
colleagues which hal before distinguished 
him. 
After this, retiring for a while from polit¬ 
ical life, Air. Fillmore returned to Buffalo to 
the practice of his profession. In 1844 ho 
was run by tho Whigs of New York for 
Governor, but was beaten by Silas Wright, 
In 1847 he was elected Controller of the 
State, and removed 'O Albany to discharge 
the duties of that office, which he held till 
February, 1849, when he resigned it, prior 
to his induction into rhe A 7 ice Presidency, to 
which post he had been elevated by the 
* Presidential election of 1848. 
On the 9th of July, 1850, by the death of 
General Taylor, Air. Fillmore succeeded to 
tho office of President of the United States, 
giving another illustration of the beauty of 
our free Elective Government, where a man 
of humble origin may rise to the highest 
post of human elevation and honor with no 
passport to distinction but industry, talent, 
and integrity. He is as yet before the coun¬ 
try and in active public life, so that the 
summing up of his character yet remains to 
be written. 
The above sketch is condensed from tho 
Phrenological Journal. 
THE ALBATROSS. 
The Albatross is a native of tropical cli¬ 
mates. but going as far south as the coast of 
Patagonia, and one of the most attractive 
and interesting objects which break tho 
monotory of life upon the ocean. It is a 
large bird—its wings measuring nine or ten 
feet across—and uncommonly beautiful and 
majestic as it soars through space with the 
easiest and most graceful motions conceivea- 
blo. Ciieever, in his “Island World of tho 
Pacific” says: 
In storm or calm, once raised upon their 
broad pinions, you never see them flutter, 
but away they sail, self propelled, as natural¬ 
ly as we breathe; a motion of the head, or 
the slight curl of a wing serving to turn 
them, as the course of a rapid skater will 
be ruled at pleasure by an almost impercep¬ 
tible inclination to right or left. It is the 
reality of that motion through space, which 
wo sometimes conceive of in dreams, when 
we are borne along without conscious effort 
on our part, or any means of propulsion but 
our own free will. 
If the eagle be the king of birds, the alba¬ 
tross ought to be called the queen, so queen¬ 
like and stately is her course on the wing, 
and so dignified, mild, and unfearing is her 
expression when captured. Her eye is full, 
bright and expressive, like that of the ga¬ 
zelle; tho head and neck large, but admira¬ 
bly proportioned; the feathers either a pure 
white, or delicately penciled and speckled, 
except on tho upper side of the wings, which 
aro mostly black. 
When it wishes to rise on the wing, it has 
to tread water a long way, like a running 
ostrich, before it can attain its due momen¬ 
tum and soar aloft; but once fairly up, and 
its pinions free, it cleaves the air with ex¬ 
ceeding swiftness, and skims the waves like 
the smallest swallow, with inconceivable ease 
and grace. 
An anonymous writer, who must have 
seen the bird in its native seas, says that it 
flies against, as well as before the wind, and 
hovers around a ship at sea, never outstrip¬ 
ped by its speed. 
“ It is a beautiful sight to behold this no¬ 
ble bird, sailing in the air in light and grace¬ 
ful movements. After the first muscular 
exertion which gives impulse to its flight, its 
wings aro always expanded, like the sails of a 
ship, and show no motion, as if it were waited 
on by some invisible power. It is from this 
cause that it sustains untired its long and 
distant flight across the the sea. It feeds 
on small marine animals, mucilaginous zoo¬ 
phytes, the spawn of fish, and blubber.” 
When breeding, the female flies to some 
inaccessible rock or lonely spot of ground, 
lays, it is said, but one egg, and makes a nest 
around it. The male watches with tender 
anxiety while she is on the nest; and ever 
on the wing, brings her the daintiest food 
from his piratical wanderings on the deep. 
Inlilmtl) Jlraimiga. 
HOSPITALITY. 
There are virtues to which every one, as 
Dr. Stennet would say, is not “ competent.” 
While all can be economical and industrious, 
some may not, for instance, have it in their 
power to be hospitable. For, however dili¬ 
gent one many be in his business, and how¬ 
ever prudent in the use of this world's goods, 
sickness, the loss of limbs or tho sense of 
seeing, and other visitations of Providence, 
may prevent the laying up of earthly stores 
or the providing of a shelter which he may 
call his own. 
But it is by no means my intention to offer 
a plea for inhospitality. Persons unable to 
exhibit this species of charity, are seldom at 
a loss to find it out. The point I wish to 
notice, the sin I would expose, is, the neglect 
of hospitality on the part of individuals 
having the means of showing it. 
But a very small part of the human family 
are miserably poor, and they only are exempt 
from tho obligation — or rather deprived of 
the sweet privilege — of manifesting kind¬ 
ness to wayfarers. I do not call that man 
wretchedly destitute, who has a decent house 
and food and raiment enough for- comfort; 
and if he can not replenish the wardrobe of 
! the ragged, or give them bread, he can warm 
them, proffer the cup ot cold water, and 
offer protection from tho summer shower, 
the rigors of winter, or shelter for tho night 
— deeds not too slight to be disregarded by ! 
a watchful and all-seeing eye. 
That hospitality is binding on all who I 
possess the means of showing it, oven in the 
smallest degree, the Scriptures abundantly | 
and very plainly teach. It is, for instance, 
expressly commanded in Leviticus : If thy 
brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay 
with thee; then thou shalt relieve him : yea, j 
though lie bo a stranger or a sojourner; that 
he may live with thee. Take thou no usury 
of him or increase; but fear thy God,” &c. 
chap. 25: v. 35, G. The same virtue is 
taught in Luke 1G; also in 14 : 13-14. Paul 
teaches it in Romans 12: 13, Hebrews 13: 
1, 2, and 1 Peter, 4 : 9. 
Not only is tho precept taught, but tho | 
example is set for us in tho Divine record. 
Abraham was hospitable, as is shown by the j 
opening verses of the eighteenth chapter of 
Genesis, where lie makes provision for the i 
three men who appeared at his door and J 
proved to be angels in disguise; Lot was 
hospitable, he also entertaining disguised ! 
angels, as recorded in the first three verses j 
ot the nineteenth chapter of the same book; | 
the Shunamite was hospitable, as shown 
in the fourth chapter of 2 Kings; and so : 
also, were David, (2d Samuel 6: 19) Oba- ! 
diaii, (1 Kings 18 : 4,) Nehemiaii, (Noli. 5 : j 
17, 18) and the primitive followers of Christ 
as a body, (Matt. 2G: G, 13; Luke, 10, 38; |! 
Acts 2: 45, G; 1G: 15, and 18: 26.) The 
last mentioned people, Calmet says, “con- j 
sidered one principal part of their duty to | 
consist in showing hospitality to strangers, j 
1 hey were in fact so ready in discharging I 
this duty, that the very heathen admired 
them for it.” 
Even tho heathen themselves, together I 
with other false religionists, practise this 
virtue. Malcom, in his Travels in South- 
eastern Asia, says that people can travel from j| 
one end of the Burman empire to tho other 
without being treated inhospitably. Tho i 
Arabs have always been proverbial for their ! 
readiness to entertain strangers. It matters j 
not who enters their door when at their ! 
meals, whether Mahometan or Christian, he i 
is invited to eat with them. “There’are,” ! ! 
according to Niebuhr, “in tho villages of j 
lehama, houses which are public, where I 
travelers may lodge and be entertained some 1 
days gratis, if they will be content with tho 
fare; and they are much frequented.” 
There are Christians, professing as well as 
nominal, to whom the hospitality of the 
Burmans, the Arabs and other Pagan and 
Alahometan nations, stands as a rebuke.— 
They may be found in every State and every 
county in this land; and tho spirit they 
manifest is a libel on the holy religion by 
the precepts *of which they profess to bo 
guided. Let them not say that the preva¬ 
lence of public bouses in modern times, and 
especially in this country, precludes tlie 
necessity of their exercising this mark of 
kindness : though hospitality may not be so 
commonly required now as it was in ancient 
times, there is no reason why it should be¬ 
come an obsolete virtue in a Christian land. 
It still has its claimants, many and worthy, 
whom it is needless to enumerate. The 
world owes them kindness, and he who turns 
from them must expect the frown of Divine 
Benevolence. J. c. 
Take but a single drop of rain, cloistered 
in the green fold of a blade of grass, and 
pour upon it ono ray of morning sun, and 
where will you get a lapidary, with his ut¬ 
most skill, to cut a diamond that shall shine 
like that ?' 
