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10 
MOOBE’S EUEAL NEW-YOEKEE! AjN" AGEICULTUEAL Aj\ t D FAMILY 1NEWS1APEE. 
REPORT ON THE BOSTON POULTRY SHOW. 
A document purporting to bo an official 
report in reference to the last poultry exhi¬ 
bition. at Boston, has been published in the 
Boston Cultivator. The names of the au¬ 
thors of the report do not appear; but it is 
said that it was presented to the liustees 
of the Poultry Society, and was by them 
approved and accepted. 
It is a remarkable document—remarkable 
for its inconsistency, absurdity, and low, 
mean trickery ! Ordinarily, such a mass of 
nonsense would be harmless to the public; 
but under the morbid excitement which the 
‘•hen-fever” has occasioned, its specious 
falsehood may not in all cases be perceived. 
I took up my pen with the intention of ex¬ 
posing some of its faults; but on a carotid 
examination, am reminded of the following 
anecdote: 
A man was going to market with a load of 
turnips, or potatoes, or — no matter 
On going up a steep hill, the 
of his cart dropped out, and his load was 
scattered from the bottom ot the hill to the 
top. Ilo did not notice the accident, till it 
was wholly done. Ilo was said to have been 
a swearing man; and when he saw the ex¬ 
tent of the mishap, his first inclination was 
to say something awful: but on a more de¬ 
liberate view, the magnitude of the subject 
so impressed him, that in utter despair lie 
what, 
tail-board ’ 
lime, plaster, ashes, muck and the different 
manures, when applied to soils lor the use 
of the crops? 
These and a thousand other questions 
hferljiiuic Slrts & $mm .. 
LIST OF FATENT CLAIMS 
MR. DEL AFIELD’S CHINESE HOGS. 
Among the swine exhibited at the late 
State Fair in this city, were a pen of Chinese 
Ilogs owned by J. Del afield, Esq., of Sene¬ 
ca Co., President of the State Ag. Society. 
This variety of swine upon their first intro¬ 
duction into the country became quite pop¬ 
ular, but at present few pure bloods are to 
be found. They arc small in limb, round in 
body, short in the head, very broad in the 
cheek, ahd when fattened quite dispropor- 
tioned, as the head seems buried in the neck 
and only the tip of the snout visible. Their 
skin is thin and the bristles fine, and un¬ 
crossed with hardier breeds, they are too 
tender and delicate for so cold a climate. 
Their quiet disposition and tendency to fat¬ 
ten have made them the means oi improving 
some of our native varieties. 
have been proposed in the various operations ISSUED from the united states patent office, 
of the seasons, and the answers have been 
in the bountiful and the stinted harvests, m 
the thriving and sickly plants, and in the 
general success or failure that has attended 
the labors of the husbandman—answers 
various, yet reliable and instructive, when 
viewed aright in all their bearings and con¬ 
nections—and all pointing to a more wise, 
consistent and profitable practice in the fu¬ 
ture. What has been accomplished this 
year, will bo accomplished again under pre¬ 
cisely similar circumstances, of course ma¬ 
king due allowance for the peculiarities of 
the season. 
The success or failure which has resulted 
from the methods practiced in the treatment 
of the soil and the cultivation of plants con¬ 
stitutes the lessons of the season. Among 
our agricultural readers, these lessons have 
been many, and some of them, we. doubt 
not, in the" case of nearly every individual, 
are of considerable value and of general 
interest. Statements of success and failure, 
| a nd what has contributed to each, may bo 
mutually interesting and profitable to our 
iders. The evenings are now convement- 
and will afford opportunity for 
exclaimed —“Well, there! I can’t begin to 
do justice to it!” 
Consistently with the limits to be allowed 
to an article in your paper, or the time 1 
have to devote to this, I “ can’t begin to do 
justice” to this report! It really seems as 
if its authors had determined to weave to¬ 
gether such a tissue of abominations, that 
the task of unravelling and exposing them 
would appear too formidable to bo undci- 
talcen! 
The ostensible design of this Poultry As¬ 
sociation. is the “improvement of poultry.* 
A laudable and honorable object, certainly; 
and I know there are members of that As¬ 
sociation who really desire its advancement ; 
bat the Association embraces also,elements 
of a different character; and if those ele¬ 
ments have obtained such an ascendancy as 
would seem to be indicated by this lepoit, 
the respectability and usefulness of the as¬ 
sociation are at an end — it will be only a 
medium to aid the practice of imposition 
and rascality. 
My notice of the report must be brief. 
Some of its inconsistencies cannot better bC 
made to appear, than by giving some of its 
statements. The report says ,—We deem 
it propor to reiterate here, our often ex 
pressed opinions, that no reliance whate\oi, 
for profit, or other sourco of satisfaction, 
can associate itself with the purchase 01 cul¬ 
tivation of other than the purest stocks 
and that the correct production, and con¬ 
servation, of purity of breeds, is a matter 
not of common management, but of the most 
jealous, scientific care. 
This, it will be said, is very well. The re¬ 
port afterwards speaks of wrong names being 
applied to fowls. What are thoso wiong 
names ? Why “ the Bolton Grey fowls have 
been designated as pheasants, have been 
called “New Orleans Fowls,” “Dutch Every 
day Layers,” “Chittaprats,” “Creels," &c. 
It is very wrong to call the Bolton Grey, 
“ Pheasants,” but nothing is said of the pro¬ 
priety of applying tins term to the Spangled 
Poland Fowls, as is done in the “New Eng¬ 
land Poultry Breeder.” 
Next it is complained that “ varieties of 
crossed fowls have been entered as Bloom¬ 
ers’, ‘Cochituate Fowls,’ ‘Nonsuchs,’ ‘ Para¬ 
gons,’ and every conceivable title conveying 
the idea of unapproachable perfection. I m 
Now this charge against “crossed’ fowls 
with clap-trap names will not bo opposed, 
but why should it have more force in refer¬ 
ence to the fowls just mentioned than against 
some which are highly lauded in the report : 
For instance the “ Plymouth Rock Fowls,” 
originated by Dr. Bennett, and which he, 
in his poultry-book, informs us is a mixture 
of “five primitive (?) bloods—Shanghao, Ma¬ 
lay, Gamo, Turkish, and Indian.” \etthis 
hybrid is mentioned in tlio report with ap¬ 
probation—l)r. Bennett, having, with Mr. 
Cotton, ‘ shared the credit of exhibiting it. 
The report complains, further, that 
“chance items havo been also onteied as 
breeds , when no security of their distinctive 
character has accompanied their exhibition 
and when none could be given. h our com¬ 
mittee would respectfully state to amateur 
breeders that a fine fowl, produced by cross¬ 
ing two or more varieties, is not entitled to 
an appellation indicating that it is a distinct 
and separate breed, which will invariably 
produee its counterpart. Thoso who have 
purchased such fowls, havo found much to 
their surprise, that instead of having a pro 
duco like unto the parent fowls, they have 
as many as four or five separate varieties 
from them—each unlike its direct parentage 
— and very imperfect as a sample of its 
kind, whatever it may be.” 
Now as to “chance items, entered as 
breeds ,” to what could the remark more ap¬ 
propriately refer than to many of the fowls 
which are so highly commended in the re¬ 
port ? Such, for instance, besides the “ Fly- 
mouth Rocks,” as the “Brahma Pootras,” 
“lion 0- Kong Fowls,” “Great Iloang llo 
TREES AS FOSTS FOR FENCES. 
i’owIs,” “Wild Indian Mountain Fowls,” 
‘Bengal Mountain Game Fowls,” “Game 
Cock of the Wilderness,”—all named and 
exhibited by Dr. Bennett, and commended 
in the report in language “conveying the 
idea of unapproachable perfection. 
I could show how most of these fowls have 
been hatched up. A great fuss is made 
about “ Brahma Pootras,” “mammoth items’ 
(?!) of which it is said were shown by Dr. 
Bennett and S. ‘O. Hatch. Some of the 
facts relating to this stock are so interesting 
that I give the following extract from the 
report: 
“ Mr. Hatch’s lot was entered under the 
head of Grey Chittagongs; but were really 
pure Brahma Pootras, and decidedly better 
fowls than any Chittagongs in America. 11 icy 
are better layers, lighter in color, have 
shorter legs, more compact forms, larger 
ear-lobes, and smaller combs and wattles; 
and, in every respect, are vastly superior to 
the Chittagong. As the Judges desire that 
every variety of fowl should be called by its 
right name, they cannot sanction the appli¬ 
cation of the title Chittagong to tins excel- 
lect stock, when, in reality, they are penect 
Brahma Pootras. B. F. Beal, R. W. 1 idler 
and J. H. Penniman, showed some very 
handsome fowls of the same variety. Dr. 
Bennett purchased Mr. Hatch’s lot at a very 
high price. Dr. Bennett sold one pair from 
his stock, to go South, for $22.'’ 
A ridiculous note is here added in the re¬ 
port, to show that the “ southern breeders” 
find it an object to buy their chickens in 
New England, because they grow so much j 
larger than those hatched at the south. 
But, what are these “Brahma Pootras :’ 
some one asks. In 1850 Dr. Bennett had 
some fowls at the poultry show at Boston, 
labeled “ Burrampootees.” Shortly after, 
the namo “ Brahma Pootra” was given by 
him to the same fowls. It was merely a 
light-colored, or Grey Malay, or C hittagong 
fowl, just such as has been seen in that tribe 
ever since it was known—.30 years, at least, 
I have known it. At the show this year 
S. C). Hatch, of Franklin, Ct., exhibited a 
large lot of the same fowls, under the name 
of “ Gray Chittagong.” They were 1 ike Dr. 
Bennett’s “Brahma Pootras,” only better 
most points which constitute a good fowl. 
Dr. Bennett bought them,and they instantly 
became “Brahma Pootras. All. IIaicii 
informed a gentleman at the show, that he 
bred those fowls from a stock which he has 
had for sometime, and a hen of this grey color 
which he came across in Connecticut. His 
old stock was exhibited at the show in 1850, 
under the name of “ Chittagong.” 11 is sim¬ 
ilar to the “Bucks county,” so called — the 
same which Bennett, in his poultry book, 
calls “Imperial Chittagong.” Such is the 
origin of these “ perfect Brahma Pootras,” 
and such is the consistency of the report in 
regard to the censure and approval of fowls 
which are not recognized as breeds. 
I must postpone a further consideration 
of this subject. A Looker-on. 
Seasonable Advice. —Make the barn all 
tight; batten the cracks about the horse and 
cattle stalls. Comfortably stabled and bed¬ 
ded, your animals require much less food 
than when shivering with cold. There ;s 
more profit from working cattle and milch 
cows, young stock grow faster, and there 
is a greater gain every day in the careful 
treatment of your animals. 
Effect of Hogs on Soil.- —Mr. G. kept 
30 hogs in a field of 9 acres, during the win¬ 
ter. for three years. It was in corn every 
year, and no other manuro was added. The 
effect was visible in the appearance of each 
succeeding crop, and the third year tho in¬ 
creased yield was about one-third. 
Eds. Rural :—Your correspondents Mr. 
Laverick and Irondequoit, have touched 
an important subject in their remarks in 
regard to tree posts for wire fences, and I 
wish to give it another brush by way of as¬ 
sisting to bring its real merits into public 
notice. A farm of 100 acres will generally 
require 350 or 400 rods of permanent fence, 
excluding one half of the line fences, and in 
most localities suitable trees for this pur¬ 
pose may be procured and planted with 
equal or less expense than common fence 
posts. 
Now then, whether wire fence proves to 
be the thing or not, trees for board fences 
are an excellent thing. I saw a fence of 
this kind about twenty years ago on the 
farm of Robert Hazard, in Madison Co., 
N. Y., and saw the same fence this summer 
in good condition, and a few rods that Mr. 
II. said had been built thirty-two years which 
now need repairs. 
His fence was made by framing hemlock 
boards 1£ inches thick into poplar trees set 
1(5 feet distant. The boards were sprung to 
place them in their proper position, and 
then a small cedar post set at the centre to 
keep them in their places. The boards 
have lasted thirty-two years, and the trees 
are ready for more and probably will be for 
generations to come. 
In my opinion, the sugar maple is as suit¬ 
able for this purpose, every way considered, 
as any tree we have. They are quite com- 
xnon — much admired as ornamental and 
shade trees—very tenacious of life, and 
would eventually make a good sugar orchard, 
(not for us of course, but for those who are 
to be.) and last, but not least, arc the best 
kind of fire wood, which, according to Hor¬ 
ace Greeley’s idea, the rising generation 
will consider quite an important item. 
The expense of setting these troes is small 
and should be performed while wo have 
good fences, in order that they may be ready 
for use when these fences are decayed. We 
frequently see them planted along the road¬ 
side for ornament merely, when if a little 
care was exercised in placing them in a di¬ 
rect line and at proper distances, they would 
eventually be beneficial as well as orna¬ 
mental. 
I am of the opinion that wire fences must 
be the ue plus ultra, but would like to see 
more on the subject by experimentalists. 
John Watson. 
East Java, N. Y., Dec., 1851. 
rei 
ly long, - *. . 
thought and investigation, and we hope 
many of our readers will early write out lor 
our columns some of the lessons from their 
own experience, and send them to us foi 
publication. There is material enough 
among them for many an interesting chap 
ter. Who will make a beginning?— Me. Far 
ECONOMISE YOUR FODDER. 
The present early fall of snow, and the 
consequent earlier use ot fodder, make it 
necessary that economy should be the order 
of the day—and of the night, too, in lcgai d 
to fodder. A good straw cutter will aid 
you most essentially in the business, if you 
have straw or coarse fodder to use up among 
your stock. 
It has been ascertained by careful expen 
ments of men of sense and close obsoi vation 
that the saving made by the use of one of 
these machines amounts to from one-fifth to 
one-fourth. This is a great saving. Twen 
ty-fivc or even twenty per cent, interest on 
a note that you owed would make you sweat 
and every honest means that you coulc 
adopt to save it, you would not be slow in 
taking. We ask what is the great difference 
between saving twenty or twenty-live p 
cent, in your fodder operations in the barn 
yard, or‘twenty or. twenty-five per cent, in 
your counting-room? It is all cash any way 
you can look at it. 
Lot us “cypher ’ about it, a littie. i oui 
stock will use up twenty tons of hay during 
the winter, in the common, careless, slipshod 
way of foddering it out. If by cutting it 
and foddering it out carefully, you can save 
one-fifth of it, you will save four tons; or in 
other words, you can get through t he win¬ 
ter with sixteen tons. To do this you will 
have to buy a straw cutter, which will cost 
you, say twelve dollars, or, (it hay is worth 
$10 per ton.) a ton and a fifth or twenty- 
four hundred of hay. You will therefore 
not only pay yourself for the straw-cutter, 
but make a handsome saving besides. Think 
it over, neighbor, and see if w eare not light 
in this matter .—Maine Farmer. 
For the week ending Dec. 23, 1851. 
To Win. Ball, of Chicopee, Mass.,, for improve¬ 
ments in pumps for elevating water mixed with 
mineral substances. 
To Wm. L. Bass, of Boston, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in chronometric locks. 
To Newell Wyllys, of South Glastonbury, Conn., 
assignor to Charles Collins & N. Wyllys, oi Hart¬ 
ford, Conn., for improved machine for making 
leather tubes. 
To Perry C. Gardiner, of New York City, for 
rotary swaging machines. 
To Julius Hotchkiss, of Waterbury, Conn., as¬ 
signor to the Hotchkiss & Merriman Manufactur¬ 
ing Company, of same place, for improvement iu 
suspender fastenings. 
To Willis Humiston, of Troy, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in candle-making apparatus. 
To C. W. Ingalls, of Concord, N. II, for im¬ 
provement in rEolian attachments. 
To Lewis King, of Madison, N. Y, for improve¬ 
ment in carriages. 
To J no. McLain, of Circleville, O, for improve¬ 
ment in harness saddles. 
To S. 1). Nims, of Palmer, Mass, for improve¬ 
ment in method of hanging window sashes. 
To J. M. Patton & W. F. Fergus, of Philadel¬ 
phia, Pa, for improvement in cutters for planing 
machines. 
To James Renton, of Newark, N. J, for im¬ 
provement in apparatus for making wrought-iron 
direct from the ore. 
To T. E. Shull, of Lewistown, Pa, for improve¬ 
ment in method of setting up t?n pins. 
To T. J. Sloan, of New York City, for improve 
ment in machines for counting screws and pins. 
For improvements in bolt-heading machines. 
(Name of patentee left 8ut.) 
To R. S. Tucker, of Brooklyn, N. Y, for im¬ 
provements in spinning rope yams. 
To Wm. Wheeler, of West Poultney, Vt, for 
improvement in machines for dressing stone. 
To J. Ames & G. L. Wright, of Springfield, 
Mass, for improvement in machines for ruling 
paper. 
To Jacob Zimmer, of Tiffin, O, for improve¬ 
ments in attaching cutters for cutting screws on 
rails of bedsteads. 
To John Allen, of Cincinnati, O, for improve¬ 
ment i n setting mineral teeth. 
DESIGN. 
To Edmund L. Freeman, of Bellville, N. Y, for 
design for frames of presses, mantle-pieces, etc. 
CIRCULAR SAWS. 
THE LESSONS OF THE SEASON. 
To the industrious and observing farmer, 
every season of active vegetation conveys 
many an important lesson, which has a direct 
bearing upon his future operations. Nature 
deals faithfully with the farmer. Wherever 
ho has done well, she has justly applauded 
and rewarded him; and she lias faithfully 
rebuked and punished him for his errors, 
his ignorance and inattention. Tho results 
of his labors for the season, are now, in a 
great measure, manifested. The principal 
crops havo been gathered in, anil tho yield 
and quality of them have generally been in 
accordance with the labor and care bestowed, 
prov ided all lias been adapted to tho i equire- 
incnts of nature. Theories have been test¬ 
ed_those that were founded in truth, and 
have been judiciously reduced to practice, 
have been brought to a successful issue. It 
is true, however, that many theories and 
practices require more than one season to 
test them thoroughly. 
The business of most farmers is in a de¬ 
gree experimental. Every experiment which 
the farmer tries may be regarded as a ques¬ 
tion proposed, which nature answers in ac¬ 
cordance with her unvarying laws. Some 
of thoso questions may be simple and oft 
repeated, yet the answers are always the 
same. The experimental questions may 
take the following forms:—Can we raise 
profitable crops on exhausted land, with 
little or no manure? What is the benefit of 
Domrstir (Brononu]. 
Pumpkin Butter.— Take four good sized 
pumpkins, peel and cut them up. and boil 
till tolerably dry. Then strain through a 
coarse seive, as "for pies. Put a quart of 
molasses into your kettle or boiler, let it boil 
10 or 15 minutes, then stir in tho strained 
pumpkin, and let it conk slowly, five or six 
hours, stirring frequently. Just before ta¬ 
king it up, stir in a table spoonful of ginger, 
cloves, cinnamon or allspice, each or all, as 
suits the taste. Ten or twelve drops of 
lemon oil will improve it for some, others 
may not like it. The above quantity of 
pumpkin will make rather more than two 
gallons of pumpkin butter.— Vernon Banner 
Salting Pork for Summer Use.— In pack¬ 
ing pork for summer use, last winter I add- 
ecfto each layer of pork, a sprinkling of fine 
ground* black pepper, putting about two 
pounds of pepper to a barrel ot side poik, 
containing about 400 pounds. I have been 
a house-keeper for nearly 40 years, and I 
can truly say that I never had pork keep so 
sweet and fine. We are now using old pork, 
as good as if it had not been put up over a 
month.— O. F. Marshall, in Albany Cull. 
Cranberry Sauce. —Pick and wash threo 
quarts of cranberries; put them into a stew- 
pan with one quart of water, cover the pan, 
and when they are stewed tender, stir in two 
quarts of sugar; stir until all the sugar is 
dissolved, then take the sauce from the in o, 
dish it, and serve. 
The above proportions are easily remem¬ 
bered ; one of water, two of s ligar, tm ec ol 
cranberries; and they will always make an 
excellent sauce. 
Cranberry Pie.—L ino the pie dish with 
paste and fill it even full with cranberry 
sauce, as above prepared for meats ; grate 
nutmeg upon the cranberry; put a strip ol 
the paste around the edge of the dish, and 
numerous strips across the suifacc of tho 
pie; or you may decorate the surface of the 
pie with leaves and fanciful figures cut from 
the paste; bake twenty minutes. • 
D. T. L., of Monument Isle. N. Y., writes 
us that lie has had much trouble and per¬ 
plexity in learning to keep saws in good or¬ 
der; liis business has principally been cut¬ 
ting soft timber—pine and hemlock. Ho 
has 3 run a 24 inch saw from 1,500 to 2,000 
revolutions per minute, in timber from 4 to 
10 inches in thickness without heating or 
irregularity of lino, and without water. He 
has seen saws vibrato, because of being too 
much set. His plan is to have tho teeth ot 
equal length, and jointed to a circle just set 
enough to clear well and carry away the cut 
dust. If the saw plate is imperfect and re¬ 
quires more set than its thickness will bear, 
lie uses a swedge to make the points of tho 
teeth thicker than the plate. For a slitting 
saw be leaves the back of the tooth as full 
as will clear its circle; it is thus stronger 
and holds its set better. 
Mr. Norman Allen, of IJnionville, Conn., 
informs us that a friend of his was. much 
troubled with the heating of the circular 
s vw, when he thought he would try the ex¬ 
periment of driiiing a i inch hole through 
it at 1 \ inches from the point of the teeth 
and then file down to it. Ilo was aston¬ 
ished at the result, and thinks he can saw 
twice as much as he could do before, with¬ 
out heating tho saw. 
Mr. George W. Cunningham, of Athens, 
Fayette Co.,’ Ky., discovered a plan of like 
nature to that stated by Mr. Allen, to pre¬ 
vent tho saw from heating. He has used 
lar«-e saws for a number of years, but never 
found much difficulty in running them him¬ 
self, but has found it difficult to get others 
competent to run them. Ho determined to 
find out the reason of tho saws heating and 
cutting out of line. He says “the saw al¬ 
ways heats near the teeth, causing it to ex¬ 
pand on the outer edge, consequently it gets 
slightly twisted and thereby incapable of 
sawing straight, lho cause of the beating 
is the°saw-dust getting between the saw and 
the timber. He has found a icmcd\. lie 
cuts slits about 1-16th of an inch wide and 
ei vht or nine inches towards the centre, from 
the root of tho tooth; about six slits cut in li e 
s nv at equal distances apart answers. This 
gives room for the expansion ol tho meta 1 , 
and keeps tho saw from winding .—Scientific 
American. 
To Clean White Furs. —Wash them in 
cold lather, or soap and water, with a littlo 
soda and blue in it; then draw them with 
the hand, the same as flannel, through sev¬ 
eral lathers, until they are clean; rinse in 
clean water, shako them well, and hang up 
to dry, frequently shaking them, while damp. 
Improved Horse Hake. —Mr. George 
Whitcomb, of Greenwich, Fairfield Co., Ct., 
h is invented and taken measures to secure 
a patent for an improvement in Ilorso 
Rakes. Tho improvement relates to a su¬ 
perior manner of operating the rake head, 
which is a revolving one with spring teeth. 
By a combination with a lever, stirrups, and 
the rake head, arranged conveniently to bo 
operated by the driver, tlic teeth ol the 
rake are worked in a superior manner, so as 
to elevate and depress them at the p *oper 
periods to do so, to gather up anil discharge 
the hay while raking it up into winrows, &e- 
—Scientific American. 
A Small Great Spy Glass.—A Spy Glass 
has been exhibited in London so powerful 
that tho lineaments of a person’s face can 
be read by it at the distance of a mile and a 
half. It weighs only one and a half ounces. 
