MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YO RKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
[Concluded from page 11 ] 
to your special consideration the suggestions to 
be submitted in the report of the I rusfees, in re¬ 
lation to the internal arrangement of the budd¬ 
ing, with a view to the greater security of the 
valuable collection to be deposited in it. 
THE ELECTIVE KRAIs'CHISE. 
The increase ol cor upt practices m our elec¬ 
tions has become a subject ol general and just 
complaint, it is represented that in some locali¬ 
ties, the suffrages of considerable numbers of 
voters have been openly purchased with money. 
We otve it to ourselves and to posterity, and to 
the free institutions which we have inherited, to 
crush this hateful evil in its infancy, before it 
attains sufficient growth to endanger our poliu- 
cal system. The honest and independent exer¬ 
cise of the right of suffrage, is a vital principle 
in the theory of representative government. It 
is#be only enduring foundation lor a republic. 
Not only should the law punish every violation 
of this principle as a crime against the integrity 
of the state; but any person concerned in giv¬ 
ing or receiving any pecuniary consideration lor 
a vote, should, upon challenge, be deprived ol 
the privilege of voting. 1 submit the subject to 
your consideration, in the hope that additional 
remedies may be prescribed and enforced. 
MANORIAL LANDS. 
It is now several years since suits were com¬ 
menced by the Attorney General, under the di¬ 
rection of the Legislature to test the validity ol 
the title to certain manorial lands occupied by 
tvuanls holding perpetual leases. It is ot great 
importance that these suits should be biought u> 
a final decision as early as practicable. Itisdue 
to the rights of both parlies. While the ques¬ 
tion is suspended in the Courts, both landlord 
and tenant are in a state of uncertainty; the im¬ 
provement of the country is retarded, \olunlaiy 
arrangements fora change of the tenure are ai - 
rested; and the public mind is kVpt in a state of 
agitation must unfavorable to the peace of socie¬ 
ty an 1 the regular administration of justice.— 
Measures should he adopted to compel an e oh 
and definite adjudication m the Court ot last 
resort. 
administration ok justice, etc. 
Complaints continue to be made of delays in 
the administration of justice in the city of New 
York. Some of the Courts are overwhelm, d with 
an accumulation of cases, notwithstanding tfie 
arduous and effi dent efforts of the Judges. It is 
believed that an increaseof business in the com¬ 
mercial emporium will ultimately requite an ad¬ 
ditional number of Justices. Ihepiessure upon 
some of the courts may be attributed in part to 
the chancery duties imposed upon the common 
law tribunals. The law should be so amended 
as to relieve the Judges from the labor of taking 
testimony in equity proceedings; and 1 would 
recommend that authority be given to the courts 
to refer such cases, whenever, in their discretion, 
they shall deem the examination of witnesses 
before a referee compatible with the rights oi 
parties. 
The statute in relation to the proof of wills 
and the administration of estates, needs such 
amendments as will expcuite the discharge ol 
debts against the estate of the deceased, in cases 
where the administration is suspended by aeon- 
test in respect to the probate of an alleged will; 
a litigation which often occupies many years be¬ 
fore its final determination, and subjects credit¬ 
ors to serious embarrassment and injustice. 
In my last annual communication, 1 deemed 
it my duty to recommend suitable legislation for 
encouraging the settlement of the unsold lands 
of the State; fora revision and condensation of 
«ur statutes; for defining the power of cities to 
contract debts; and for the punishment of em¬ 
bezzlement by public officers as a crime. Refer¬ 
ring to the views then expressed, 1 would again 
invite your attention to these several topics. 
REVENUE SYSTEM OK THE UNITED STATES. 
Having now adverted to the more prominent 
questions of domestic policy which will engage 
your deliberations, it can hardly be deemed in¬ 
appropriate briefly to consider the relations of 
the State to the Federal Union, in connection 
with those subjects of national legislation which 
most intimately affect our prosperity. Although 
your legislative powers are limited to the intei- 
nal concerns of the State, and its welfare depends 
peculiarly upon the wise exercise of those pow¬ 
ers, we cannot forget that some of our most cher¬ 
ished interests are involved in the action of the 
general government. The exclusive authority 
to levy duties upon imports and to regulate com¬ 
merce'has been delegated to Congress. Unfor¬ 
tunately for the country, these important, func¬ 
tions have not been exercised with that enlight¬ 
ened regard for the welfare of our citizens which 
they have a right to demand from a government 
deriving its existence and support from the peo¬ 
ple. The protection of our industry in those 
branches of production which are least able to 
withstand foreign competition, and the improve¬ 
ment of navigation on our lakes and rivers, both 
objects of the most vital importance to the pub¬ 
lic prosperity, have failed to receive the friendly 
attention of the federal government for some 
years past. 
Unaer the ruinous operation of the revenue 
system of 1846, some of our most valuable man¬ 
ufacturing interests have been entirely pros'.rat¬ 
ed, while the excessive importation of fabrics 
which we ought to produce at home, has created 
an enormous balance of trade against the coun¬ 
try. The neglect of Congress to protect the 
commerce of otir inland waters has caused a de¬ 
plorable waste of life and property. The senti¬ 
ments of this State ought to be distinctly an¬ 
nounced on subjects^of such paramount impor¬ 
tance to its welfare; and the public opinion, 
which undoubtedly exists in favor of a liberal 
national policy, should make itself felt and re¬ 
spected. After surrendering to the federal au¬ 
thority the whole revenue power of the country, 
we cannot calmly consent that it should longer 
remain hostile or indifferent to the attainment of 
objects which the national compact was intended 
to secure, and which are called for by the most 
urgent considerations of policy and patriotism. 
It is a source of sincere satisfaction that the Ex- 
ecutive branch of the government, actuated by 
statesmanlike views and a patriotic desire to 
promote the general prosperity, has recommend¬ 
ed to Congress the adoption of proper measures 
to remedy the evils so seriously felt and justly 
complained ot. 
THE COMPROMISE—SLAVERY, ETC. 
It cannot be disguised that the legislation of 
Congress on measures of practical importance 
has been seriously impeded by the sectional .col¬ 
lisions which have too long disturbed the repose 
of the country. The controverted questions aris¬ 
ing from our late territorial acquisitions, having 
been settled, we may reasonably hope that a re¬ 
currence of similar difficulties will be avoided by 
steady perseverance in a wise, moderate and 
conservative policy. Let us also indulge the hope 
that with the removal of its most prominent cause, 
the spirit of sectional contention so pernicious to 
the national prosperity and so repugnant to the 
purposes of the federal compact, may speedily 
disappear from the political horizon. It is time 
that angry srrife and unworthy jealousies between 
the northern and southern portions of the United 
States should be banished forever, and that our 
public councils be inspired once more by the sen¬ 
timents of mutual confidence and attachment 
which animated the whole people in the struggle 
fur independenceand the formation of the Union. 
In the free exercise of the inherent and vital 
light of opinion and discussion, zeal should be 
tempered by toleration and forbearance, and a 
j, «t regard for the constitutional rights of all sec¬ 
tions of the country. 
When we recur to the origiual design and true 
theory of our federal system, every can ;id mind 
must acknowledge that there is no sufficient 
cause for keeping alive feelings of aversion and 
iil will between the members of a voluntary con¬ 
federacy, whose firm and perpetual union form>- 
theonly sure foundation for the freedom and hap¬ 
piness of the American people, and for the hopes 
of liberty throughout the globe. On a calm sur¬ 
vey of ourpulical condition, we perceive that the 
federal authority was created for the purposes ol 
a general and national character; for the conser¬ 
vation of common rights and the protection of 
interests in which all the Slates, however diver¬ 
sified their internal condition, have a joint and 
equal concern. The Constitution having wisely 
leit the States fre e to regulate their domestic ai- 
fairs, the dissimilarity in their local institutions 
furnishes no just grounds for mutual complaints 
and reproaches. These differences of social and 
municipal organization existed among the /Amer¬ 
ican colonies ; they were produced by causes 
over which the founders <>f the Constitution had 
no control, and for which we. their descendants, 
cannot be deemed responsible. They wem not 
sufficient to prevent Washington and his com¬ 
peers from blending diverse interests by mutual 
concessions, and rearing the noblest edifice of 
free government which the world has seen. 
Why then should they be permitted to embit¬ 
ter our councils, and weaken the political ties 
which constitute us one people ? In the conduct 
of our National concerns, why should the pro¬ 
gress of the country he retarded and its best in¬ 
terests forgotten in vam disputes upon questions 
which each State must decide flu itself, and over 
which we have no rightful control ? 
In my reflections upon thissubject, I have not 
permitted myself todoubl that the spirit of dis¬ 
union which no concessions can appease, and the 
fanaticism which sees evil continually and luxu¬ 
riates in factious strife, will exhaust themselves 
in the madness of their manifestations, without 
seriously endangering the stability of ourNation- 
al institutions. I adhere to the convictions ex¬ 
pressed in my last annual communication,that 
thd great body of the people, as well in our own 
Suite as in every portion of our widely extended 
confederacy, continue to cherish an ardent at¬ 
tachment to the Union ; that they desire to see 
the Constitution administered in a spirit of mod¬ 
eration and equal justice towards the rights ol 
all sections; and that they will “indignantly 
frown upon every attempt to alienate any portion 
of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the 
sacred ties which now link together the various 
parts.” 
The position and ultimate destiny of the Afri¬ 
can race on this continent is a subject eminent¬ 
ly worthy to engage the attention of the humane 
and benevolent. The highest motives of patriot¬ 
ism and religion prompt us to co-operate in all ra¬ 
tional measures intended to improve their unfor¬ 
tunate conditior. But it is of the lirst impor¬ 
tance in cousideringa question of this magnitude, 
surrounded by so many embarrassments, that we 
should discard the passions and prejudice's which 
are too ready to usurp the place of common 
sense ; that the spirit of faction should yield to 
the higher sentiment of a pure and generous phi¬ 
lanthropy ; and that in this, as in the ordinary 
concerns of life, we seek for a plan having some 
practical connection with the object of our efforts. 
We are to enquire not merely what may be de¬ 
sirable, but, in view of the realities around us, 
how much is attainable, and what course of ac¬ 
tion will produce the most'beneticial results ?— 
The negro race was biought to this continent al¬ 
most as early as the white, and continued to be 
imported for nearly two hundred years. It is one 
of the most revolting features in the world’s his¬ 
tory, that during this entire period the most of 
the civilized nations participated in the slave 
trade. All of the thirteen colonies tolerated sla¬ 
very within their borders. 
The people of this State have furnished con- 
clusive«proofs of their aversion to slavery, and of 
their abiding conviction that it is a moral and po¬ 
litical evil, by abolishing it at home, and by their 
uniform oppos tion to its extension over free ter¬ 
ritory acquired by the arms and treasure of the 
nation. 
In the Southern States of the Union where the 
slaves form so large a part of the population, we 
cannot expect that the*, ins, itution will disappear 
in a day or a generation. It has become too 
deeply rooted and too closely interwoven with so¬ 
cial and pecuniary interests to yield to sudden or 
violent measures of reform. The progress, of 
amelioration must, in the nature of things, be 
gradual. It must be left to the voluntary action 
of the people more immediately concerned, expe¬ 
rience having shown that we have more to hope 
from their own inherent sense of justice and pol¬ 
icy than from any interference that may be pro¬ 
posed by misdirected philanthropy, operating at: 
a great distance from its object. The anomalous 
position of the free colored p> pnlation, undoubt¬ 
edly forms one of the most sefious obstacles to 
the gradual liberation of the slaves. We cannot 
close our eyes to the fact, that, although the free 
people of color enjoy a certain degree of liberty, 
they are commonly treated, botli in the free and 
slave States, as’an inferior race, and deprived of 
the social and political rights, without which 
freedom is but an empty name. Even in our 
own State they are excluded from the most es¬ 
sential privileges of citizenship. Debarred from 
all participation in public employments, rejected 
fiorn most of the institutions of learning and re¬ 
ligion, governed by laws which they have no 
share in traming, having been denied the light of 
suffrage by a vast popular majority, shut out 
from social intercourse, and condemned to a life 
of servility and drudgery, their condition amongst 
us is deplorable in the extreme. Any great im¬ 
provement of their condition under circumstan¬ 
ces so calculated to crush the spirit of manhood, 
seems morally impossible. 
The blighting effect of the inferiority to which 
they are subjected, is seen in the fact, that while 
every other class has rapidly increased, the col¬ 
ored population of this State has dwindled from 
50,027 in 1840 to 47,937 in 1850. A result so re¬ 
markable naturally < xcite3 apprehensions that 
the African, like the Indian race, cannot perma¬ 
nently co-exist on tLe same soil with the whites, 
and that a separation is necessary to prevent their 
ultimate extinction. However unjust the per¬ 
vading prejudice which affects the public senti¬ 
ment towards the black race may appear, its ex¬ 
istence and its unfavorable effect upon their wel¬ 
fare cam.ot be di-puted. In seveial States, this 
antipathy is displayed in laws prohibiting negroes 
from coming within their borders. The people 
of Indiana adopted a restriction of that character 
last year by an extraordinary majority. It is ev¬ 
ident that every scheme for the elevation of the 
African to a position of equality and full citizen¬ 
ship in our country, must prove delusive until 
juide and the sense of superiority shall have been 
extirpated from the human heart. The instincts 
of nature, too powerful to be counteracted by the 
icfinements of abstract reasoning, proclaim that 
the two races must sooner or later be separated. 
COLONIZATION. 
The American Colonization Society presents 
tbe only organized agency which has contributed 
to accelerate this separation or produce practical 
results beneficial to the African race. This asso¬ 
ciation was formed many years ago by benevo¬ 
lent citizens in different sections of the country, 
and has for its objects to rescue the free colored 
people of the U. States from their social and po¬ 
litical disadvantages, by placinglhem where they 
may enjoy the blessings of free government; to 
spread civilization and religion throughout the 
continent of Africa; to arrest and destroy the 
slave trade, and to afford such owners as are wil¬ 
ling to liberate their slaves an asylum ior their 
reception. For the accomplishment of these no¬ 
ble designs, a colony composed of free colored 
persons emigrating voluntarily from this country, 
has been established in Liberia, on the western 
coast of Africa. For years the enterprise encoun¬ 
tered many obstacles, but these have been over¬ 
come by persevering efforts. A careful examina¬ 
tion has convinced me of the feasibility and im¬ 
mense advantages of the undertaking, and ot its 
pre-eminent claims upon oursupport. Underthe 
auspices of the society, nearly 10,DUO free colored 
persons have emigrated, many of them being 
slaves liberat'd on that condition. They have 
established a free republican government, and ac¬ 
quired by peaceful means a large extent of coun¬ 
try, embracing 200.000 people, and abounding in 
tile elements of agricultural and commercial pros¬ 
perity. They have shown themselves competent 
to make their own laws and administer their af¬ 
fairs with regularity and justice. Industry pros¬ 
pers, schools and churches have been established, 
and the people of this infant colony, carrying 
with them the knowledge acquired in the scene 
of their former humiliation, are spreading Chris¬ 
tianity and civilizatiau over a portion of the earth 
which has been sunk fur ages in heathen barba- 
i ism. The value of this consideration will be felt 
when it is remembered that the population of Af¬ 
rica is computed at 150,000,000, of whom a ma¬ 
jority are in the. most abject slavery. By the ef¬ 
forts of the new republic the slave trade has been 
suppressed along several hundred miles of coast, 
and the extension of the settlement will extirpate 
that detestable traffic. Thus we perceive that this 
great work of humanity may claim the double 
merit of redeeming another continent from de¬ 
gradation,while it improves the condition of our 
own. It needs no prophetic vision to foresee that 
one of the greatest designs of a mysterious Pro¬ 
vidence is to be fulfilled by restoring the oppres¬ 
sed sons ot Africa to their native soil after cen¬ 
turies of bondage. 
A cause so beneficial, identified witli the last¬ 
ing welfare of two of the great races of mankind, 
rise high above the party contests of the day, 
and appeals with resistless force to the justiceaud 
humanity of the whole American people. I hope 
to see it sustained by the liberal action of the na¬ 
tional government, seconded by contributions 
Irom sevetal States. The employment of go¬ 
vernment steamers to transport colored emigrants 
from this country, would soon obviate the neces¬ 
sity for a naval squadron on the coast of Africa, 
which is now maintained there by the United 
States at great expense and waste of life, for the 
suppression of the slave traffic. It may be ob¬ 
jected to the claims of the Colonization Society 
lhat its operations are gradual, and that the con¬ 
summation of its purposes will require a long se¬ 
ries of years. But we should reflect that it is im¬ 
possible to remove an evil of such magnitude by 
any human means within the period allotted to a 
single generation. It is not to be denied that the 
efforts of the association have secured the libera¬ 
tion of several thousand slaves, a result more 
practical and beneficial than has been produced 
bv any other organization. Until some por¬ 
tion of this continent dr of the West India 
Islands shall be set apart for the exclusive habi¬ 
tation of the colored race, African colonization 
must be regarded as the only effective auxiliary 
of voluntary emancipation. 
A growing desire to emigrate is manifested by 
the black populnion.and many masters have de¬ 
clared their readiness to free their slaves when 
means can be found for their removal. Some of the 
Slates have made considerable appropriations to 
promote the object, and an increasing inteiest has 
been evinced by others. New York ought not to 
be behind her neighbors m the performance of a 
duty so important t<< her own welfare, and so ben- 
cfiecial to a large portion of the human family, 
row held in melancholy debasement. It isa work 
in which Christians and patriots of all partiesand 
in all sections can unite their efforts, without in¬ 
volving the coun’yin political or geographical dis- 
sentions. I submit the whole subject to your en¬ 
lightened consideration, in the firm belief that 
upon a full examination of its merits you will 
(teem it in accordance with justice and policy, 
and an enlightened public sentiment, to mai i- 
fest your approval of .the cause by a liberal ap¬ 
propriation for the furtherance of its benevolent 
designs. 
Having fully determined to re tire from office 
at the close of my term, I trust I may be per¬ 
mitted to avail myself of the present opportuni¬ 
ty to renew to my fellow-citizens an expression 
( jf my profound gratitude for the honors confer¬ 
red upon me by their confidence, assuring them 
of my continual aspirations for the advancement 
of mv native State in virtue, prosperity and 
happiness. WASHINGTON HUNT. 
Albany, January 6, 1852. 
The Congressional Library. — A Washington 
correspondent of the New York Journal of Com- 
inerce saysThe cost of the Library may be es¬ 
timated in this manner. The original cost of the 
J efferson Library was $30,000. The sum expend¬ 
ed since, is $1187,000. The value of the books 
printed by order of Congress, is $50,000. The 
contributions from abroad and from individuals at 
home, may be stated $20,000. The cost of re- 
] lairs, now that the injury to the edifice is fully ap¬ 
preciated, will be at least $50,000. The aggre¬ 
gate of the pecuniary loss cannot, therefore, be less 
than $330,000. 
More Russian Intervention.— Among the items 
of news from France, brought by the Africa, was 
a report that Count Glazeneppe, an envoy from 
the Emperor of Russia, had arrived at Paris, for 
the purpose of congratulating Louis Napoleon on 
his coup d’etat, and presenting him, in the name of 
his master, with the Grand Cordon of the Order 
of St. Andre, the first Order of the Russian Em¬ 
pire. Such a compliment from such a source, is 
an expressive commentary on the designs of the 
new “Republic.” If it'in not true, it ought to 
be .—Albany Eve. Journal. 
A Long Snow Strom !—The longest snow storm 
that was ever known in Great Britain, occurred in 
1614. It is recorded in the register of parish of 
Wotton Gilbert, that it began on the 15th of Jan¬ 
uary, and continued to snow every day until the 
12th of March ! The loss of human life, as well 
as sheep and neat cattle, was immense. 
. * . : . - 
ROCHESTER, JANUARY 8, 1852. 
SPECIAL NOTICES. 
Aoknts.— All subscribers are requested to act as agents, 
by obtaining and forwarding subscriptions—especially in 
towns where the P. M., or some other influential person, 
does not give the matter attention. 
It ts not too late to form clubs to commence with 
the year and volume. We shall printa large extra edition 
for a few weeks, in order to supply new subsribers from 
commencement, — but the safest way is to send early. 
Remember our Terms are in advance, and that 
we do not send the Rdrai, after the expiration of the time 
paid for. Also, that we adhere strictly to published terms, 
and require remittances accordingly. 
For Terms, Premium List, &.c., see next page. 
Meteorological Abstract. 
BY L. WE i'HERELL. 
Thanks, Good Friends. 
We bend in grateful acknowledgment to nu¬ 
merous friends of the Rural, near and distant— 
from Canada to California—for renewing then- 
subscriptions, and obtaining hosts of new subscri¬ 
bers. The large increase of subscribers in most 
places, is most gratifying—exceeding our sanguine 
expectations, and affording unusual cause of grat- 
ulation. As we cannot acknowledge the favors of 
our friends, singly, we beg to say, to one and all, 
that their substantial remembrance incites to 
greater labor, and calls forth a fervent aspiration 
for their prosperity. 
The Governor’s Message. 
The publication of this document prevents us 
from giving the usual variety of news, in this num¬ 
ber, and limits other departments. However, we 
think none of readers will complain—and cer¬ 
tainly no New-Yorker will object to receiving the 
Message, thus early, in a style convenient for pe¬ 
rusal and preservation. For the convenience of 
hasty readers,—and those who may wish, now or 
hereafter, to refer to particular portions,—we have 
endeavored to arrange, under appropriate head¬ 
ings, the various topics discussed. 
Sailing under the flag of uutrality it is not our 
province to discuss the merits of such documents, 
and we certainly have no desire to enter the po¬ 
litical arena—our patriotism in that particular 
line having long since evaporated. Yet we may 
be permitted to say—without expressing an opin¬ 
ion in regard to its political allusions—that a 
somewhat hasty perusal of the message of Gov. 
Hunt has impressed us most favorably, aud in¬ 
creased our love for the Empire State and its in¬ 
stitutions. It is a straight-forward, business-like 
and dignified State paper—excellent in style, ad¬ 
mirable in its general tone and temper, and quite 
free from the palaver usually interspersed in sim¬ 
ilar documents. The condition of our State af¬ 
fairs, as set forth, must be gratifying to every 
New-Yorker. But as the message has, among 
others, the merit of brevity, we presume our read¬ 
ers will read and judge for themselves. 
The Legislature. —The House was organized 
on Tuesday, by electing Hon. Jonas C. Heartt, 
of Rensselaer, Speaker; R. U. Sherman, of Onei¬ 
da, Clerk ; J. W. Caldwell, of Montgomery, Ser- 
geant-at-Arms ; Nathan Chamberlain of Jeffer¬ 
son, Smith of Washington, and Baldwin of Wy¬ 
oming, Doorkeepers. All Whigs. 
The Senate elected Ira P. Barnes, Clerk; 
Chas. Lee, Sergeant-at-Arms; A. N. Beardsley, 
Doorkeeper, and George Reid, Assistant Door¬ 
keeper—all democrats. 
State Ag. Society — Annual Meeting. — Our 
readers are reminded that the Annual Meeting of 
the N. Y. State Ag. Society is to be held in Al¬ 
bany, on the 20th, 21st, and 22d of this month.— 
The meeting is an important one, and we trust 
every County, and especially every Ag. Society in 
the State, will be represented. In addition to the 
ordinary premiums offered for Farm Crops, Dairy 
Products, Fruits, Essays, <tc., there ls to be an ex¬ 
hibition of Fat Cattle and Sheep, Dead Meats, 
Poultry, Grain and Seeds. For Premium List, 
<fcc., see Rural of Dec. 11—No. 102. 
Cheap Newspapers. 
We find the following sensible paragraph in a 
late number of Arthur’s Home Gazette, and com¬ 
mend it to the attention of all who tike a paper 
simply because it is cheap, without regard to the 
value or morality of its teachings. It is also worthy 
the notice of those who “ cannot see why one paper 
may not be afforded for a dollar as well as an¬ 
other”—people who do not, or will not, discrimi¬ 
nate between quantity and quality, and the con¬ 
sequent cost of production. We have no particu¬ 
lar cause of complaint in regard to tliis matter— 
for, though a few refuse to continue the Rural 
on account of its price, we are receiving very large 
accessions of new subscribers from all sections.— 
The Gazette says; 
« Cheap and good,” has a very attractive sound 
for most ears, but the terms are hardly convertible; 
for, in almost every case, what is gained in reduc¬ 
tion of price, is, somewhere, lost in quality. To 
make an article really good, there must be good 
material and good workmanship ; and these always 
command a fair price. This is as true in regard 
to newspapers as anything else. It is therefore 
as impossible to make a really good newspaper at 
a very low price, as it is to make good furniture. 
There must, in the nature of things, be poor ma¬ 
terial and the absence of superior talent, for both 
of these command fair prices. Of all instances of 
doubtful economy practised by very many persons, 
we think that the most unprofitable which leads 
to the choice of a paper for family reading, because 
it offers itself to public favor on the mere claim of 
cheapness. What,arc fifty cents, or a dollar a 
year, compared to the moral and intellectual well¬ 
being of a whole family? Here, if anywhere, one 
woufd think that quality should bo tho first con¬ 
sideration ; for cheapness may prove the most 
fatal economy. 
Dec. 1831. 
THERMOM 
MAX. | MIN. 
ITER. 
MEAN. 
| RAIN. 
j WINDS. 
1 
20 
*22 
•26.33 
N. N W. 
2 
28 
v2 
25.00 
N \V. 
3 
*26 
23 
•25.00 
N W. 
4 
28 
20 
•26.06 
N W. 
3 
28 
25 
•20.33 
N W. 
6 
31 
j v5 
•29.60 
N \Y. W. 
7 
42 
37 
40.33 
s w. 
* 3 
5*2 
39 
45.33 
s w. \v. 
9 
3*2 
30 
30.60 
N W. 
10 
40 
29 
33.6 6 
s w w. 
11 
22 
18 
•20.33 
N E. 
13 
36 
2.5 
31.00 
S E. 9 Yv 
13 
c*2 
11 
19.00 
N W. 
14 
‘20 
to 
18.33 
s w. e 
15 
27 
8 
20.33 
s. W. 
10 
10 
*2 
5.33 
s. 
17 
(i 
o 
4.33 
s w. 
18 
19 
u 
10.00 
S w. 
10 
24 
10 
18.00 
9. \V. 
*20 
23 
13 
19.00 
W. N \Y. 
‘21 
*2*2 
15 
17.66 
s w. 
‘2-2 
•20 
15 
20.00 
N W. S W. 
23 
19 
10 
H.00 
\v. 
24 
28 
11 
22.33 
S. S W. 
25 
23 
5 
13.66 
S W. N W. 
26 
8 
2 
4 33 
N W. 
27 
•20 
2 
18.00 
N W. 8 E. 
28 
47 
34 
41.06 
S W. 
29 
44 
36 
39.00 
S W N W. 
30 
02 
42 
50.33 
S W. N w. 
31 
34 
| 32 
32.66 
N E. 
REMARKS. 
The month of December was somewhat noted I 
for its extremes of temperature—it3 average mean 
being 24.48 deg.—do. for 1850, 25.35 deg.—for 
1845, 23.78 deg. So it is seen that the monthly 
temperature is nothing extraordinary for lowness. 
The lowest that the mercury fell in my ther¬ 
mometer, with an external exposure, during the 
month, was 2 above zero—one year ago, 1 above 
zero—the highest during the month just ended 
62 deg.—one year ago, 54. 
Prof. Dewey’s thermometer was 2 below zero 
on the morning of the 16th, 1 below on the 17th, 
and 6 below on the evening of the 26th, and 6 | 
below on the morning of the 27th. The lYofes- 
sor’s thermometer shows the temperature, about ! 
one-fourth of a mile west of the Genesee river I 
which passes through the city,—and mine shows 
the temperature about tho same distance east of 
the river. 
At Northampton, Mass., on the morning of Dec. 
17, at sunrise the mercury was 18 below zero—on 
the 18th, 2 below ; in Greenfield a little further 
up the river, 30 below zero ; South Deerfield, 22 
below ; at Springfield, 14 below ; at Bellows Falls, I 
Vt., 19 below. 
On Saturday, Dec. 27, at Roundout, 19 below 
zero; at Fort Plain, 24 ; git Utica, 21; at Syracuse, 
10 ; at Auburn *4, aud at Troy, 10. 
At Cambridge Observatory, Mass., 4 below 
zero ; at Marblehead 8, at Somerville 10, at Water- 
town 12, and at Springfield 20 below. 
At Hartford, Ct., 20 below; at East Hartford, 
21. At Kingston, Canada, 10 below; the same 
at Montreal, and at Quebec, 13 below. 
The reader is here furnished with the lowest 
descent of the mercury at a number of localities 
over a large area of country. The winter thus 
far is regarded as being unusually cold. 
Literary Notices, &c. 
The Hydropathic Encyclopedia ; a System of I 
Hydropathy and Hygiene. By R. T. Trall, 
M. D. New York : Fowlers <fc Wells. 1852. 
2 vols., pp. 450 each. 
We have received the first volume of this man- I 
ual of the philosophy aud practice of the Water i 
Cure, and, from a partial examination think very 
favorably of its contents. In anatomy, physiolo¬ 
gy, hygiene, dietics and collateral subjects, the 
author has consulted the best authorities, besides 
giving the results of his own observation. It is j 
written in an attractive style, and illustrated with 
numerous engravings. For stile by D. M. Dewey. j| 
Merry’s Museum and Parley’s Magazine. Edited 
by S. G. Goodrich, author of Peter Parley’s 
Tales. New York: S. T. Allen it Co. Mon tidy, 
$1 per annum. 
The twenty-third volume of this sterling work 
commences with the January number, and from 
long acquaintance with its character and the influ¬ 
ence it exerts upon the young, we can most 
heartily commend it. The number and beauty of 
the illustrations, and the interest with which the 
editor invests his instructions have given it a de¬ 
served popularity. Dewey has the numbers as 
they are issued. 
Harpers’ New Monthly Magazine for Janu¬ 
ary, has like its predecessors, been promptly is¬ 
sued, and like them, ls filled with entertaining 
matter. Tliis number opens with the Early aud 
Private Life of Benjamin Franklin, with 45 illus¬ 
trations, by Jacob Abbott. Napoleon’s Expedi¬ 
tion to Africa is commenced. Sold at Dewey’s. 
— 
Apple Crop of the Genesee Valley. —The 
Ohio Cultivator says:—“Fifteen thousand bushels 
of apples have been sent to the Eastern markets 
from the Genesee Valley this season.” This esti¬ 
mate is £ir short of the truth. One firm in this 
neighborhood sent over that quantity of barrels, 
and it is estimated that over 500,000 bushels have 
been shipped from this county (Monroe) alone. 
Cheese from Herkimer. —The amount of cheese 
sent from the Herkimer Railroad station, from 
March 1st to Dec. 1st. 1851, was 3,223,621 lbs., 
against 3,164,245 lbs. in 1850, being an increase 
of 59,376 lbs. Much larger quantities wero sent 
forward by canal from Mohawk, on the opposite 
side of the river, the past season than the pro¬ 
ceeding one. 
Our Premiums. —Persons entitled to specific 
premiums for obtaining subscribers to the Rural, 
will please specify what works they wish in the 
letters containing their remittances. The volumes 
of the Wool-Grower, and some other works offer¬ 
ed, have not yet been received, which will account 
for their non-receipt by those already entitled.— 
We hope to procure and forward them soon, and 
trust our friends will excuse the unintentional 
delay. 
