VOLUME II I. NO. 8. 8 
fgtintltnral leprtnmit. 
PRO«ISi;SS AM!) 3AS£*I£0 VIU7EIJNT. 
IMPROVED FARMING NEEDED AND 
PROFITABLE. I ployed for this purpose. These means of 
" j improvement, combined with deep plowing, 
I he fact that land mav bo exhausted of pm x.irve^oi . • . . , . ' 
. .. - y ttJU Ui toe closest economy m making and saving i 
<> t'inoil Q C\T towfllifvr .. *11 V r <? 
ROCHESTER, N. Y-THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1852 
WHOLE NO. ill 
eminently beneficial, and tho reader will 
find one experiment related on page 18 of 
the present volume. Corn has been tried 
with the best results, and in the Southern 
States a species of pea is extensively em¬ 
its elements of fertility and worn out, will 
scarcely be disputed while there arc so many 
farms which have come, by long and im¬ 
provident culture, to yield less and loss ro- 
turn, year after year. Nor will it be denied 
that our best soils can be over-cropped, for 
it is well-known that much of this worn-out 
land was onco tho most productive in tho 
manures, and a well adapted plan of crop¬ 
ping and culture, will increase the fertility 
of any soil, however worn and impoverished 
—increase it at least so as to furnish tho 
means of more extensive and effectual ren¬ 
ovation. No one who carefully reads an 
agricultural newspaper can be at a loss for 
plans by which he can increase the profit of 
BMP, 
14 ■ 
country, g.v„, K for many years, without ma- his kbor> aml it is ono , objM { of 
nuros or extra care amt culture, tho very „ ar0 t0 k before the people the fact that 
argest crops. It has hoc, found that the improved fanning is both needful ami possi- 
llr *is 
Mr, 
host lands, if long cultivated in grain, with- b i 0j and byfar th " m08t profitablo . 
out being m meadow or pasture at times, or __ ___ 
receiving periodical dressings of manures, LOWING-WIDE AND NARROW FURROWS 
must thus wear out—must necessarily bo 
deprived of the greater portion of humus or 
mould—lor every crop grown and removed 
carries with it portions of tho soluble parts 
of tho vegetable and animal matters therein 
contained. The elements thus abstracted 
from tho soil arc found to bo indispensable, 
long has this art l^ecn practiced, and 
so much has been written upon it, that it 
may seem a needless and somewhat pro- 
MR. COLT’S HUNGARIAN CATTLE. 
Abovk we present portraits of an import- j two years old and over.” These animals 
when put into a largo mow in tho barn, it is 
more than any other grain, liahlo to mow-’ 
burn, and injure tho grain. It is advisable 
therefore, to lot it stand several days in tho 
heap in the field, alter being harvested, bo- 
foro storing it in the barn. Farmer I). 
MANURE THE FARMER’S GOLD MINE. 
When wo see a farmer with 100 acres of 
I mil that produces not more than 10 bush¬ 
els of wheat to tho aero, with his buildings 
in a dilapidated state, and his fences in such 
bud order that lie has to keep dog sentries 
at every field; wo say, when wo hear such a 
man talk about buying moro land, that 
inan is partially insane, or at least is entire¬ 
ly ignorant of his own best interests.” We 
would borrow from the sayings of “Poor 
Richard,” and tell such a farmer, that a 
small farm well tilled and good buildings well 
filled, is a shorter and more direct road to 
wealth than having a largo territory of land 
not half improved or cultivated, upon which 
he is annually paying taxes, throwing away 
his seed, wearing out his strength and (hat 
suming task, for me to add a few opinions ed Hungarian bull and cow, owned by ltos-1 appear strong, compact and active. The of his family without ZZ 
to tho mass illroad V rooordnd. huh in frnt' I Wr.r.T, T, r/r rvf* I’ofl-nvcAn XT r .*,..1 ..i- I . l* Vi lit i , , * 9 1 
to the mass already recorded. 15ut in trav¬ 
eling a few miles in any direction, I see so 
well L. Colt, of Patterson, N. J., and ex¬ 
hibited at the late Fair of the N. Y. State 
and must be restored in some sluipo before m5in y ;? fiellls “ clono U P” in the “cut and Ag’l Society, whero they received the pro- 
it can regain its former productiveness ' I covor ” modo » as to convince me that there mium as “ the best Hungarian bull and cow, 
cow shows a light head and neck, and thi 
bull seems to possess an iron constitution 
If he would lie paid for his labor, and re¬ 
ceive full interest for the capital invested, 
it can regain its former productiveness. . *“ L " 0,0 tnat 111010 . 
w ex- . is yet a chance for improvement. Agitation =~ 
Wo hope fow of our readers have worn- is the life of any cause, and upon this hint 
ont farms, yet wo know that many possess J 8p6ak . It must be c , mf(Ba ,’| tbat t| 
thoso which are not as productive as they w h„ adhere t„ .,,,.1 .i.jt.;. 
’ ceivo iuu interest tor the capital invested, 
with more of quickness and intelligence 1 * i • i , , , . . . . _ ’ 
i ,1 iii ' ^ him ho contented with his [>0. /5 or 100 
perhaps, than most other breeds. ’ 
acies of land, and apply tho money with 
RAISING BARLEY. 
furred,) is only necessary for barley,—and 
, , , - | who adhoro to such modes of farmino-, rare- A writer in tho American Agriculturist , , , ° <-- 0 - —- .*v. 
iiavo been; ami hence wo behove tho moans , .. tilko tho - ct tu s0i ; etiln „ 8 says, in, will “repeat a thousand times, till ‘‘LlP 7 ‘°“ r " r h .™ . 1cosl «“> «« 
of restoring thorn to fertility to he a subject J [ )rtrrotv thom> J 1(1 th; , ’ . the people will hoed it, that a pound of juicy. and‘he saving o time m tho use But ho will reply,•“ I make all tho manure 
of much interest to individual land owners their attenti(m ' tender mutton can bo produced, for half tho ° aIld ’ whun com P ared Wlth whoat cnl ' I can from my hay and straw, and my lam 
as well as to the public at large. Private Tho objcct of j owin , r (ag aU woU ^ . cost of tho same quantity of fat pork, and tUrW ’ ar0 t,mcS ot much im P 0rtanco ' is not getting in better condition.” in the 
prosper,ty makes up, and is at the tVmnda- , B toWk aud disintegrate the soil—the that !t Io h r f » r Wealthy diet,” &e. In comparison with tho culture of corn, first part of your reply you are wrong, bul 
turn of national prosperity Any plan by bcttor thig ifl dono> the moro remunerating Novv ’ 1 wil1 not re P eat as many times, but I f . consuler tho lu,,or of tlllla 8’ corn, four tho latter you speak true. Tho very roason 
u nc i tie average yield of whoat, for m- will bo the harvest and tho bettor pleasod wil1 "FR’O this second time, in tho columns of tlmes R Toat( ' r than that of barley. Now that your land is not improving, is because 
stance, in tins State can be increased a sin- the - farmor> Upon piowiim as upon every the ll(JRAL ’ tho importance to the farmers barI °y rC( l uiros such la » d ^ corn or you take more off than you return to it; 
.go Hisie per aero would add millions to thing else, thero are different opinions — of this section, of extending tho cultivation wheat—a warm, dry, good soil. Oats can consequently you are impoverishing your 
the aggregate wealth of the State. Any So me advocate deep plowiim others shal ofbar %- It is a crop extensively and prof- be advantageously raised on moister land- land, and becoming poorer yourself, 
way m which substances of little value may ]ow> somo that tho furrow eli ^ bo 8ofc fc itably riysed in several counties east of us, 011 f oun(1 to ° wofc hr barley. Lot such Wo have been led to this conclusion by 
U.i.oiiic use II m in pioductinn of articlos an ail ^ lo 0 f 45°, others that it bo turned but very little is produced in this, or in any bind therefore bo appropriated to oats, and actual observation. We need not tell a 
O. tea woi t i, s mu i gam attention and OVer q at This is all well enough • different °f our neighboring counties. tho dry, sweet, warm land to barley. Ido farmer that without feeding his horses he 
miin ,V d 's by sin h simple go j] s re( j U iro different methods of treatment I ufgo increased attention to the culture UOt I 11 ,, l ),ln<i fc bo abandonment of wheat cul- cannot expect them to work, yet thero are 
i;ou..;s ia oi lines an mi t am powei bu t none need tho cut and cover mode; this of this grain, for three prominent reasons | 1U<) lU a| l. 1 onlysay.it wheat will no! thousands who appear to bo ignorant of tho 
attained. _ Wo most sincerely believe that Bhould I)0 abo , ished> an(l it cannot bo dono 1st, It is a safer crop than the whoat crop. bnn S ° no dollar P er bushel > m this fact, that their land can no more yield its 
») ° ‘O.vmg sue 11 a comae of cultivation— too soon Where tho surface soil is deep 2(l - Tt is less expensive in its culture than count . y WlH 1)0 compelled todook around to fruits without feeding it, than that their 
o manui mg am improving—as our best no harm can be don^ by deep plowing- in corn, or the finer winter grains, and moro soc ' vll;l t else they can do. It will not com- horses can labor without food, 
tanners pursue, tho average yield per acre truth the deeper the bettor, for the roots of profitable per acre.-And last, thom-h by T™, 1 tl,is P rice now - The same causes Land may be kept in good heart both by 
ot all our staple crops could be increased the plant can penetrate to tho greater depth no means least.-bocause the farmer will be w J uah ^ss it now, will depress it hero- natural and artificial means. Tho first and 
!. \ . f . U : 10U ., a ' c < w it unt iree roceivo more nutriment, and bo loss affected compelled to substitute, to a considerable 1 >e competition from the groat west natural means is by turning down clovor or 
‘ i should -u option. by tho drought. If the soil is shallow, a sur- extent, something in lieu of whoat culture, VV '" continue and will increase, and as a other vegetable substances that spring from 
We have spoken, and shall continue to f aco plow should not bo run beyond tho in this section of country. general fact, will keep tho price below one the soil, instead of robbing it of the nourish- 
spealc of tho means which may be employed dep th of tho surface stratum, but a subsoil The season is now rapidly approaching in <l<>I, 5 r . hore . aftor - Thero is 110 ^mstion up- ment that nature has given it. Tho artifi 
;n restoring keeping up and increasing the plow should bo used to deepen the soil. which to commence spring work and tho ° U p o, i)t thero can be none-and tho cial means of renovating the soil is by ma 
r, tility of tho soil. Animal and vegetable where the earth is light ami porous as in hrnwr must shortly decide what’ crops he 8 °° n ? ° ^ ^ . th ° befctcr ‘ If nurcs of different 1:inds > and the good effect 
stlmZr T ,P T t8 ” the T° °r i to r8 rml furrows arc best, as'they will cultivate. Tho great staple crop of the our ^ rmo ™» thon - thoir attantl0n ia is only proportionate to the quantity used. 
i,j. ' T W !iS " n0 ;,!7 p a lT {lShCR ’ I )rcsont a and firmer surface and re- county is winter wheat. But it is costly in P , °. ?ra ?‘ ng ’ aI ‘ d ta to11111 ^. shce P- Therefore every intelligent cultivator of 
and’snl Ro'r° ,n ,in<>< 1 th(Truu f? h dniuung aist tho action of raiu3j hard fr0Bts otc its production, and tho average yield per aero and 8VV,1U ' far nia, ; k «t, barley is the vn 7 ar- tho soil should make it l.is especial business 
s bs ilmg, are ready means m the hands bettcr tlian can bo dono by an inclinod slico ’ is constantly and gradually diminishing. As ° ne ° d °‘ ’ , * ^ l ^ ™ hoavy t0 increa8e th ° f l ll:lIltit . v :ls wel1 !ls the quali 
them^ ^hoso resources and capital enable Rolling after seeding, wil fin this case be of the facilities for transportation are increased, ab cmn “ much to feed-less heating ty of his manure heap. lie should not bo 
modes on H ? C( ;« t, y and eff °ctual great bencflt . B ut in wet and hoavy soils and opened and extended to the great west and when ground and fed, almost or quite content to haul out of his yard tho usual 
f’Mvuitlv ZTu! (' 1 1 r <MV U>ar0d m of wboso composition clay forms a princi- the price of winter wheat n.us/incvitably as P r ° d " ct ‘ voat P^tahlo results. I can quantity of manure that is made by his 
I'lMrosif more mirticu'l A ^ Tr pal ingredient, lapped furi ows will undoubt- feline hero. At the present value of land Z. rliso tlU -V* i ^’oy P « r wlu, r „ cattle, with the bay and straw only of his 
remarks_who make"but bftl'> n conc udin ® edly be best, for in this case thero is no and labor here, whoat cannot be profitably Lch o s 'coll U 7 * holB ot ® oni » “ d W1 «» tarm, but l,o should double the quantity by 
•„ T uk( . ,n httlc manure and dangcr of formin too ligbt and friabl raised at loss than $1 per bushel. But the n uch less c08fc ot iabor-or thirty-f.ve bush- hauling ifito h.s yard, m tho fall or during 
-IT* ? >r M of seed. price of land at the west, -the productive- T°. ^ h f that ^ winter and spring, all kinds of vegetable 
• ,.c nposts, or with tho means of pur- nessof thoir unexhausted soil .,ml t-h f -r amount of winter wheat. But from tho great matter that, can be gathered from the farm 
chasing fertilizers and carrying on extensive .["*'» and a11 ca.es I see no need of " ie uul 11 tT i W08t - U0 COm P ot ition with this grain can bo among which none is better ami more abun 
improvemonts, must turn thoir attention to *>*> -» got “ • “ _ °f ‘^porUt.kn^re already antieipatoii. it is too bulky,and thocost of dant tlian leaves of trees that ,i„ i„ ' ‘ f 
acres of land, and apply the money v.ith 
which be is about buying moro land, to tho 
improvement of what bo lias already; ma- 
tl.e use of tho ground to perfect the crop is king manure and buying manure when ho 
need- d only four or five months. The cost ca n get it. 
of manuring and improving—as our best 
the people will hoed it, that a pound of juicy. ^ ■‘J 1 "’ and tbo 8avm £ oi ti _ mo 111 t,l(! us:o But ho will replyI make all the manure 
tender mutton can be produced, for half tho " 1<! * K ' U <‘ oi npared with wheat cul- I c:l n from my hay and straw, and my land 
cost of tho same quantity of fat pork, and ' U > ’ ‘ U ° lirncs of nuicb importance. is not getting in better condition.” In tho 
that it lo by fur tin' most healthy diet,” &e. In comparison with tho culture of corn, first part of your reply you are wrong, but 
Now, I will not repeat as many times, but I * consider the labor of tilling corn, four the latter you speak true. The very reason 
will urgo this second time, in tho columns of F 1 catei than that of barloy. Now that your laud is not improving, is because 
the Rural, the importance to tho farmers baib 'Y requires just such land as corn or you take more off than you return to it; 
of this section, of extending the cultivation wbca4 ' ;i war «n. dry, good soil. Oats can consequently you are impoverishing vour 
of barley. It is a crop extensively and prof- bo a, lvantagcously raised on moistor land— land, and becoming poorer yourself, 
itably riysed in several counties oast of us, <>n g round ^ 00 w ot lor barley. Lot such Wo have been led to this conclusion by 
but very little is produced in this, or in any blnd therefore bo appropriated to oats, and actual observation. We need not tell a 
of our neighboring counties. the dry, sweet, warm land to barley. Ido fanner that without feeding his horses lie 
I urgo increased attention to tlm culture U ° fc pr0p0Se tbo abandonment of wheat cul- cannot expect them to work, yet there are 
of this grain, for three prominent reasons. < U ! ° Ut alb 1 onl y sa y, if wheat will not thousands who appear to bo ignorant of the 
1st, It is a safer crop than tbo wheat crop. bnu S on o dollar per bushel, farmers in this fact, that thoir land can no inure yield its 
2d, Tt is less expensive in its culture than county wdl 1)0 compelled to dock around to fruits without feeding it, than that their 
sorn, or tho finer winter grains, and moro S °° wbat T ls ° tbey can do ’ Wl11 «otcom- horses can labor without food, 
nrofitablo nor acre.—And last, ’tlm.ml, l,. mand tblf5 P nc0 uow - ,J ’ 110 S:in, o causes Land may be kept in cood heart both bv 
on this jioint—there can bo none—and tho cial means of renovating the soil is by ma 
sooner the farmer knows it, tho better. If mires of different kinds, and thegood effect 
our farmers, then, turn thoir attention in is only proportionate to the quantity used, 
part to grazing, and fattening cattle, sheep. Therefore every intelligent cultivator of 
great benefit. But in wet and heavy soils and opened and extended to tho great west, 
of whoso composition clay forms a princi- the P riCG of winter wheat must inevitably 
pal ingrediont, lapped furrows will undoubt- decline boro. At tho present value of land 
edly be best, for in this caso thero is no and ll() ro, wheat cannot be profitably 
and when ground and fed, almost or quite content to haul out of his yard tho usual 
the next best moans, tho growing and plow- °. VCr a & reator of ground in a given 
ing in of green crops. In this way, aided t ‘ mo ’ but wc defeat in a degree tho very re- 
danger of forming too light and friable a ™scd at less than @1 per bushel. But the Z u : , . bn_ nauun - ,nt0 nis yara ’ ln tl10 taU or tlunog 
bod for tho reception of seed. price of land at the west,-the productive- 1 * T° T Z r J I8 ° 1,alf that the winter and spring, all kinds of vegetable 
But in any and all cases I see no ne ,1 of nessof their unexhausted soil-aid the facili- 7 winter wheat. But from the great matter that can be gathered from tho farm 
wou,,,notbojustwojbjii9 ,,is rr;t t tt 
ill ti'LL.i. 1..1 M value of SI ner lmsbul thenUh ° _ UU earth or mo,lld - that can bo found on 
wido furrows; it is true that we thus got 
value of Si per bushel through the season. 
wneai nas ooon so long and well kept up in ' 
Western Now York. an excollo 
,, , , tho work < 
On a roally worn-out sod, clover will not . , f 
grow without plaster so as to make it an f^'ce in'wh 
object to plow it under for manure. Buck- bu 1 
wheat, though many farmers arc strongly U a soir 
prejudiced against growing it, is ono of tho 1 wdl m 
best crops for improving poor land which t0 .° Inu . cb 
can bo employed. It lias many branches, ° f f traigh 
and boars luxuriant foliage, taking a largo w dcb is 11 
part of its food from tho gases of the at- 7 bo seon 
mosphoro, and hence will grow moro thriftily 1 boy 1()ok 
on poor soils than most other plants_and ^ y ’ and roc 
when plowed under restores not only what bind 111010 
it has taken from tho soil, but what it has Wek ‘ 
an excollent implement, can nover perform oxtonfc then, some other mode of farming 
the work of the plow. A field plowed with mu8fc bo a dopted, or somo other grain croj 
wido furrows presents an impermoablo sur- must bo 6U bstituted. And t|iis crop, I urge 
faco in which the roots of most plants stand must bo bar ^ oy ‘ 
but a sorry chance. In proof of tho position, that this is safei 
possibly almost all farms, more or less, when mixed 
t when it with the barn-yard manure, arc equally as 
no a firm- -valuable as that made from hay and straw, 
ishel may , Tho farmer who would suffer a load of 
common straw to lie in one corner of his field and rot 
Lent thon, somo other mode of farming U!asona 1 >o anticipated as the common straw to lie in ono corner of his field and rot, 
ust bo adopted, or somo other grain cron 77 7™ <S ' <>U ", !-' ° known vory m>«I not apply tho manure to his barn-yard 
ust be substituted. And this crop I uivo m"*' on iro ( ' r, T s so ( at s< i < -‘ 01lts - 1 c °n- 0 r to his field,.would be set down as a cure- 
ust bo barloy. I * ’ •“'or it for food to ho«M, oortb twice tho loss and negligent husbandman. .Inst »„ is 
In proof of tlm nnsiHnn Ri fL’ • f ia nu o oats, am oi the purposes of fat- tho farmer who neglects to gather his leaves 
m pi oor or tno position, that this is safer teniner stock ot anv kind worth tut lm Lr. , , ,, , , .. .. 
uui a sorry cnanco. m [m oot oi tno position, t lat this is safer toning stock of any kind worth to tho far- , Vu \ \ m 7 1 - 
I will mention ono thing more which is than th « whoat I ron, rk.-L is free mer himself, fifty cents ,>7 bushel without 7 T 7 V^C 
too much neglected, and that is tho mattor from fc bo hazard of winter--killing, and of respect to its market value. A demand from [ >0t,W ° m ' lin - ni!luur <- a,,nn o oa 
of straight furrows; there is no ono thing ™ 8t ’ and tbo wheat fly. I have cultivated the east may always bo expected hen if Z T] T? T 7 ° f th ° 
which is moro averse to my inclination than extensively, and for many years, andnov- article is to bo obtained. In addition to other veimtable suhsMium 
to bo seen following a crooked furrow.- or rcahzod a fadur0 of tho cro P from any those considerations, a most important item The farmor who feeds hia land ono yoar 
J hey look bad, perform tho work imperfect- CaaSa Anil as to the expense of its culti- to the farmer is, tho value of the straw for w ;ii f«d hv it nun mum h„t if (7 
and | y ’ and ro< P liro two or thro ° “bouts 1 ” on a U J, S not half C( l u:d ‘f that of wil itor fodder. If cut at the proper time,7eforo7t ^ [^diriun 7ar it''wifi 
di-it ^ and more than is necessary. j. a. k. Kut ‘ To secure a good wheat crop, tho is too ripo and dry, it is almost equal to good . n ‘ . • , . ' , ’ 
: Webt Dryden, N. v., Feb.. 183-L ground must bo fallowed, ploUl three times hay; atleast twice tho value of any oC ITf y Z 
nas --_ _Mill iLo ,i<m At I.J_:.1_, . . any owier look for a gold mine in his farming pursuits, 
Tr ' ,thor 8o,,rec “- ThoM ^ "**• y»ur,u PPly ^ e zr ho r . " ly r w - ■ v swco> - mtdu ™ ^ ^ 
havo used it as a green manure, gay W—«,bu 
