67 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
a building 18 by TOO feet; fifty feet is occu¬ 
pied as a cow stable, the remainder is open 
shed, with room overhead same as north 
wing. To the south of tho southern shed, 
I have ,my hen house, 12 by 18 feet, with 
large windows on the south side, to admit 
light and warmth. East and south of this 
shed is my barn-yard, protected from the 
north and west winds. The yard contains 
about three quarters of an acre, divided in¬ 
to two parts, the front one for most common 
use; in the rear one I have four barracks 
for coarse feed, where I fodder in the mid¬ 
dle of the day in pleasant weather. East 
of my barn, some forty feet, 1 have a wagon 
house 28 by 26 feet, with corn house and 
granary overhead. About one hundred and 
fifty feet in the rear of my house, I have a 
shop 16 by 24 feet, story and a half, with 
with sleeping rooms overhead. 
38. I have but one kind of fence, post 
and board, or plank, principally chestnut 
posts, and inch and a quarter culled spruce 
plank, four planks high, of which I have 
sixteen hundred and eight rods, costing about 
eighty cents per rod. I have no wire fence, 
and have seen none that I admire. My 
fences are all in good condition, all having 
been built within the last live years. As an 
evidence of the good quality of my fence, 
I have not received a slullings’s damago to 
my crops for the last year, from either my 
own or neighbors’ cattle. 
39. I measure my grain, seed, and pota¬ 
toes ; weigh my beet, pork, and hay, and 
keep an account of all. 
40. I keep a general farm account, of all 
iny sales, receipts and expenditures, and can 
strike a balance at the end of the yoar, and 
thus ascertain my profits or losses. 
ACCOUNT OF EXPENSES OF FARM. 
407 day* labor at 50 cent*.£'203,50 
Yearly and monthly labor,. OO.j.uO 
One girl one year,. 5z,i)0 
“ lour months,. 10,00 
500 bushels jf oats at 41 cents.205, o 
Blacksmith's bill,. tU.csi 
(Jro-ery, shoe, and dry goods bill,. 357,00 
12 bushels srass seed at |{2,25,. 30,00 
10 do clover *eed at $4,50,... 4 j,00 
, 12 do seed wheat at £ 1,25,. 15,ou 
Seed co.n and garden seeds,. ]u,.(J 
20 bushels seed buckwheat at 62£ cents,. 10,25 
State and school taxes. 31,2 1 
Insurance in Mutual In*. Co., average about. 4,50 
Depreciation of farming tools,.10o,00 
Two tons of plaster,. 10,00 
1,000 bushels of lime, at 4 cents,. 40,oo 
Grain* for cows,. 110,17 
Hay bought in April lust,. 75,00 
Total expenses for current year,.£2,174,35 
The above includes all farm and family expenses, with 
the exception of doctor's bills and church expenses. 
ACCOUNT OF RECEIPTS OF FARM. 
353 bunches asparagus at 11 cents.£59,66 
Received lrom produced'5 acres sweet corn,. . .. 257,33 
610 bushels rje at tiu cents.4lo,9o 
Melons, pumpkins, and citron melon* sold,.Ut<,ou 
631 busntls buckwheat at i4 cents. 305,11 
Raspberries sold,... 3 i,v '5 
Potatoes, (including those unsold,).100,00 
1.400 bushels of corn at 65 cents,.b0ti,06 
Milk sold from an average of do cows, 2 months,. 1,029,Si 
Sixty-four bushels, 35 lbs., wheat. o4,02 
Five loads of hay,. 4ti,U0 
Five lords of straw,. .you 
Broom brush, 4,92 > lbs.,.'. 23<i,'iJ0 
Pigs sold.... 40,0u 
Surplus of straw,. ioo,00 
Surplus of corn stalks, part sold,.100,00 
'1 wel ve tons of clover bay at £0,.,. 72,00 
Chickens and egg* sold,. 4o,oo 
110 lbs. butler at ld,j cent*,. 20,2.) 
Peaches sold,..'.... 10,00 
Pieplant,. 11,25 
Twenty-five calves at £1 each,. 25.00 
Received for pasturage,... IS 5.1 
Received Tor w ork done by teams and men 
during the Stale Fair.£117,30 
Received lor labor done for S. Van Rens- 
seieur,..114,00 
- 031,50 
Total receipts for current ! ear,.£4,852,51 
Less expenses, per accoue ...jl 74*35 
Net profits current year,.£2,078 16 
THE.3332 MOTH—INQUIRY, 
Friend Moore :—Permit mo to ask of tho 
numerous readers of tho Rural, through 
its columns, if they can tell me what has 
proved to be an effectual preventive of moths 
in bees. I have kept bees for upwards of 
twenty years, and have tried almost every¬ 
thing I have hoard or read of concerning it, 
but as yet have failed to find out anything 
that is really a preventive. Almost every 
year I lose some of my best swarms, and last 
year, in particular, I lost some that had 
along tho latter part of summer tho most 
honey, and which I had intended to keep 
over winter; hut on examining in the fall I 
found the whole hives a completo nest of 
moths, with neither bees or lioncy. Of 
course they are worso some years than oth¬ 
ers, but with all the caro I have as yet be¬ 
stowed, I always lose more or less by them. 
A ours, &c., E. Burdick. 
Beidville, C. VV., Feb. 10, 1852. 
Fattening Calves.— “ E. T.,” of Dauphin 
county, having tried various modes of fat¬ 
tening calves, has adopted the following 
as tho best:—About one gallon and a half 
of tho Tii'lk ot tho dam is daily mixed with 
tho meal of beans, which tho calf greedily 
consumes, and which lie finds is as effectual 
in forming bone and muscle as the whole of 
tho milk, amounting to four or five gallons 
per day. This system is pursued for two 
weeks--at the end of that time, ho substi¬ 
tutes linseed for tho bean meal, on which 
the calf rapidly fattens, and in four, weeks 
is fit for tho butcher and in tho finest con¬ 
dition.— Pa. Farm Journal. 
Singing at Work. —Givo us, O, givo us 
the man who sings at his work ! Bo iiis oc¬ 
cupation what it may, he is equal to any of 
those who follow the saino pursuit in siient 
sullenness. IIo will do moro in tho same 
time, he will do it better, he will persevere 
longer. One is scarcely sensible to fatigue 
whilst ho is marching to music. The very 
stars are said to make harmony as they re¬ 
volve in their spheres. Wondrous is the 
strength ol cheerfulness—altogether past 
calculating its powers of endurance. Efforts 
to ho permanently useful, must bo uniform¬ 
ly joyous, a spirit of sunshine—graceful from 
very gladness — beautiful because bright. 
t£jje (Drdjm'ii anb (Sarbtn. 
CRANBERRY CULTURE. 
J. A. C., of Marion, Wayne county, in¬ 
quires :— : Can the vine Cranboi ry be raised 
to advantage on dry land?—and if so where 
can the vines bo had? Can it be propagated 
from the seed?—and if so how?” 
Wo have no experience in the matter, and 
cannot therefore answer from our own 
knowledge. Articlos recently published in 
the Boston agricultural journals, prove that 
cranberries can be successfully grown on the 
upland, sandy and gravelly soils of New 
England, and wo see no good reason why 
the samo may not bo done in Western New 
York. If any of our readers in this region 
have had any experience in tho matter, 
we invite them to communicuto it through 
tho Rural. 
Under tho heading of “Upland Cranber¬ 
ries,” the Boston Cultivator furnishes (lie 
following conclusive testimony—bearing di¬ 
rectly upon our correspondent’s inquiry: 
At length we have ocular proof of the 
fact, that cranberries in the greatest perfec¬ 
tion, can ho raised on upland, sandy and 
gravelly soil. Mr. Joseph Orcutt has brought 
us for exhibition, a large root of cranber¬ 
ry-vine, placed in a box, which is made to 
contain a quantity of tho soil from which 
it had been removed, the vines thickly hang¬ 
ing with ripe fruit. He made the experi¬ 
ment three years ago last May, planting 
forty bunches in a row two feet apart, 
without previous culture, merely by remov¬ 
ing tlie sod, and planting tho cranberries, 
with no moro trouble or attention than he 
would have taken with a cabbage plant. 
Tho soil is a sandy gravel, lit for peach 
trees, and of which 523 are growing in an 
orchard so near as to siied their leaves on 
the cranberry vines. 
The first year lie picked about a pint of 
fruit, the second year, four quarts, tho third, 
or present year, from seven to eight quarts 
of remarkably fine fruit. The vines have 
shot the present season, throe feet six inches 
in length, are suprisingly strong and healthy, 
and tho old wood is loaded thickly with the 
finest berries. 
We now consider the question, “ Can cran¬ 
berries be cultivated with success on upland?” 
as decided in tho affirmative. 
BY/ARF TREES.-RED SQUIRRELS. 
Eos. Rural :—I have seen much of late 
about dwarf fruit trees, hut have little ex¬ 
perience us yet in rearing them—what I have 
had you and tho readers of the Rural are 
welcome to. I have a fine dwarf pear tree 
of the Virgalieu or White Doyenne variety 
growing in my dooryard that last year pro¬ 
duced nine fine pears, and all that know this 
kind of pears, need not be told how good 
they were. Last spring it gavo promise of 
a much larger yield by its blossoms, and the 
number of well formed pear3 was thirty- 
seven, as I carefully noted, and these I 
watched from week to week till they were 
nearly full grown. Then I observed that 
they were slowly disappearing — how or 
in what way I could not define—till hut two 
or tlireo were left, when I detected tho thief 
slowly retiring with almost the last pear in 
his mouth. The comical looks of the thief, 
as I met him, in part paid me for my disap¬ 
pointment. You may judge of tho appear¬ 
ance lie made when I tell you that the young 
rogue was no other than a rod squirrel with 
a full grown pear in his mouth standing on 
his hind legs with his tail saucily thrown 
over his back, and giving those sudden jerks 
with the same which thoy know so well how 
to give. The samo thief also took somo of 
my peaches, but he has been disposod of as 
all such rogues should be, whether they have 
four legs or two. i. a. c. 
M.irion, N. Y„ Feb., 1852. 
THE P0RTULACCA. 
This beautiful plant, which has certainly 
not moro than one if any superior, in the 
llower garden among annual flowers, is in 
the way of being extended in tho variety ol 
its colors. The common llower is a purplish 
red or scarlet. Besides this, during tho 
jKist two seasons wo have had an orange red, 
a pink of extreme delicacy, a white sporting 
with scarlet stripes on tho petals, a golden 
yellow, an orango yellow, and a bloody yel¬ 
low—seven in all. But tho season of 1850 
was fatal to the seeding of tho portulacca 
and wo wore not ablo to retain scarcely any 
specimens of moro than one form of these. 
Prof. Pago states in tho Horticulturist that 
ho has obtained a fine crimson llower; and 
it is not impossible that wo may yet have 
many other varieties. Nothing can possibly 
be more beautiful than a bod of these deli¬ 
cate ilowers, closely covoring its surface, and 
nothing is moro easily managed. Let every 
young lady who can have only a single flow¬ 
er bed get this.— Prairie Fanner. 
Plants in Pits.— Thoso who have plants 
secured from the winter frosts in dark frames 
or pits, must bo very careful how they let 
the strong rays of tho sun upon them at this 
time. If tho pit is moderately dry thoro is 
not much fear of their being injured by 
dampness, for exclusion of light will not 
injure them so long as the cold remains be¬ 
low a temperature to cause growth. The 
first mild day, or when the thermometer is 
above 30 degrees in tho shade, give them air. 
— Ohio Farmer. 
POT PLANTS IN THE HOUSE. 
How can I increase tho number of my 
Roses, Geraniums, &e.? is a question often 
asked us, by ladies, who having a love for 
“ flowers of sweet perfume,” and not being 
possessed of a green house or floral gardener, 
desire to grow for their own pleasuro, and 
in their own homes, a supply of plants with 
which, on return of spring, thoy may deco¬ 
rate more fully their small but tastefully 
made gardens. 
Propagation from cutting requires an even 
temperature, and, in truth, is not, at this 
season, easily dofie without some other heat 
than can bo obtained from tho fire of a 
common sitting room. At a late season. 
?ay in May, propagation from cuttings plant¬ 
ed in a shaded border, will bo the most 
rapid way of procuring a good supply of 
healthy plants. At this time, however, if 
you have a Rose bush, Geranium or Fuschia 
which you wish to increase from, take off 
the earth, so that it will be about two inches 
below the rim or edge of the crock, then bend 
down the lower branches, one by one, as 
wanted, with a sharp knife cut half way 
through it directly opposite a bud, then pass 
the knife about ouo inch upward, dividing 
longitudinally the branch ; place a little piece 
of wood in it, to keep it open, and to pre¬ 
vent its growing together; then take a little 
crooked stick and fasten the branch down 
into the crock, so that the cut lays just on 
tho surface of the earth, do tho samo with 
all tho branches in the crock, then trim all, 
so that they may present a uniform length, 
giving regular outlino to your plant, then 
fill up the crock with one-third pulverized 
charcoal and two-thirds sharp sand, water 
freely with luke warm water. 
This is termed layering. In about ten 
days time the layer will havo become cal¬ 
loused, and in about eighteen or twenty 
days it will begin to throw out roots. In 
about six weeks a knife may be passed down, 
just back of where tho .first notch cut was 
made, cutting off the layer from tho main 
plant, and leaving it. to take care of itself.— 
in the course of a week or so more, or as 
soon as the weather becomes a littlo warm 
—choose a warm rainy day—and turning 
out the old plant in a ball, by inserting a 
small stick in the hole at tho bottom of the 
crock, and pushing steady but firmly, pro¬ 
ceed to take off the layers and pot separate¬ 
ly. Afterward re-pot the main plant, cut¬ 
ting hack its growth from one-quart6r to 
one-half, and thinning out all weakly shoots, 
then place all in a room neither very warm 
nor cold, but free from all direct rays of the 
sun; water freely, and in about a week tako 
your plants, giving them first the morning 
sun only, for a few days, afterwards they will 
go ahead, with only usual care, to your satis¬ 
faction.— Ohio Farmer. 
Domestic (Broiuitm], 
PUMPKIN PIE3. 
Friend Moore :—Among tho numerous 
recipes, and some valuable ones, under tho 
head of Domestic Economy, I havo not seen 
one for making tho “Pumpkin Pie.” Can¬ 
not you givo your readers tho mode of ma¬ 
king the genuine Yankee pumpkin pio, so 
that it may also chance to tickle the palate 
of a Canadian. If you can, you will oblige 
one who is much interested in your valuable 
paper. n. l. 
Our correspondent, who dates at Drum- 
mondville, C. W., may try the following 
from Miss. Beecher's “ Domestic Receipt 
Book.” If any of our readers think they 
havo a better way, let them send us tho re¬ 
cipe for publication in the Rural : 
Take a pumpkin, or winter squash, cut in 
pieces, take off the rind and remove tho 
seeds, and boil it until tender, then rub it 
through a seivo. When cold add to it milk 
to thin it, and to each quart of milk three 
well-beaten eggs. Sugar, cinnamon, anil 
ginger to your taste., Tho quantity of milk 
must depend upon the size and quality of the 
squash. 
These pics require a moderate heat, and 
must bo baked until the centre is firm. 
Fried Bread and Dm.—Roll somo light 
biscuit dough, un eighth of an inch thick, 
cut it in forms three inches long, and one 
inch wide, and fry in hot lard, shaking tho 
kcttlo while frying; fry to a light brown.— 
Havo ready a dip made by stirring into 
boiling milk—say one pint—one teaspoonful 
of salt, anil one quarter of a pound of but¬ 
ter, into which one tablespoonful of sifted 
Hour is braided ; break open each fried oako, 
drop it into tho dip, put them into your dish, 
and whoa tho dish is full, pour in as much 
of the dip as you like, and servo. This is an 
excellent breakfast. 
To Preserve Eggs. —Eggs may bo pre¬ 
served for any length of time by excluding 
them from the air. One of tho cleanest and 
easiest methods of doing this is to pack them 
in clean dry salt, in barrels or tubs, and to 
place them in a cool and dry situation. I 
have eaten eggs thus preserved that were a 
twelvemonth old, and that had been some 
months aboard ship, in a tropical climate, 
and yet retained all tho peculiar sweetness 
of new laid oggs. 
To make Cheese Cake. —To one quarter 
of a pound of grated cheese, add the yolks 
of six eggs, a quarter of a pound of butter, 
a littlo salt, and a littlo Cayenne; beat all 
together until quite light, then add tho whites 
of tho eggs beaten to a stiff froth, and bake 
in paper cases in a inoderato oven. 
Glue Paste. —Instead, of pure water for 
mixing flour, uso glue water, to which add 
somo alum and resin to keep it from turning. 
It must bo made very thick. 
Mftlnmic Slrts Ittrnrr. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUKD FROM TUB UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, 
For the week ending February 10, 1852. 
J no. Jay Adams, of Boston, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in shoe brushes. 
Samuel Y. 1). Arrowsmith/of New York, N. Y., 
for improvement in watcli chain swivels. 
Albigenco W. Cary, of Brockport, N. Y., for 
hose coupling. 
M. H. Cornell, of Feasterville, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in horse powers. 
Smith Cram, of New York, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ments in mill for grinding quartz. 
Thomas A. Davies, of New York, N. Y., for 
improved mode of preventing collisions on rail¬ 
roads. 
Bvrou Densmore, of Swoden, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in grain harvesters. 
James II. Forman, of Sluiron, Ala., for improve¬ 
ment in shovel plows. 
Amos Hodge, of Adams Mass., for improvement 
in railroad switches. 
Ferdinand Holm, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in portable shower baths. 
Win. F. Kotchum, of Buffalo, N. Y. forimprove- 
■ ment in grass harvesters. 
Wm. B. Leonard, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in apparatus for regulating and meas¬ 
uring the flow of gas. 
Ephraim Morris, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in governors. 
James M Swett, of Boston, Mass., for improve¬ 
ments in quartz crusher. 
Edward Wicks, of Bart, Pa., for improvement in 
seed planters. 
Charles F. Spieker, of New York, N. Y. for im¬ 
provement in processes for dissolving gold. 
Birdsill Holly, of Seneca Falls, N. Y., (assign¬ 
or to S. Hcwit, E. S. Latham, B. Holly and A. 
Downs, of samo place,) for improvement in rail¬ 
road car brakes. 
Calvin Willey, Jr., of Chicago, Ill., (assignor to 
C. Willey, Jr., and Urial Walker, of Babcock’s 
Grove, Ill.,) for improvement in excavating and 
dredging machines. 
DESIGNS. 
Conrad Harris and Paul W. Zioncr, of Cincin¬ 
nati, O., for design for stoves. 
MAGNETISM AND NORTHERN LIGHT3. 
Mr. Editor :—My attention was directed 
to an articlo in No. 5, of tho Rural, enti¬ 
tled, “Magnetism and Northern Lights,” tho 
theory of which does not agree with my be¬ 
lief and experience, especially that part of 
it which relates to tho position of the mag¬ 
netic needle. Our friend says tho reason 
why tho needle points north, is because the 
electric current circulates in that direction, 
issuing at tho north polo, and passing in di¬ 
rect lines to tho south polo, where it enters 
again, passes through tho oarth to tho north 
polo whore it again emerges, thus perform¬ 
ing another revolution in like manner. Now 
if this bo true, (according to all practical ex¬ 
periments with tho galvanic current and tho 
magnetic needle,) the needle would point 
cast and west, it having a tendency to stand 
at right angles to an electric current. To 
prevent others from being misled by this 
theory, I would givo a moro olaborate de¬ 
scription of tho effects of tho electric fluid 
upon tho magnetic neodlo. 
It was first discovered that a metallic wire, 
or any part of a closed voltaic circle, caused 
a magnetic needle, when brought near it, to 
deviate from its natural position, and as¬ 
sume one depending upon tho relative posi¬ 
tion of the needle and tho wire. Thus, sup¬ 
pose a magnetic needlo freely suspended 
with its poles pointing north and south. 
1st. If now a positivo current pass from 
north to south in the samo piano with the 
neodlo, but a littlo above it, tho north polo 
will turn to tho east, and the south polo to 
the west. 
2d. If the current pass under the neodlo, 
the north polo moves west, and the south 
ono east. 
3d. If tho current pass on the west sido 
of tho neodlo, and in tho same horizontal 
plane, the magnet will havo a tendency to 
move in a vertical direction, tho north polo 
being elevated, and the south depressed. 
4th. If the current pass on tho east sido, 
tho north pole is depressed, and tho south 
elevated. 
5th. If tho current flo'w from south to 
north, tho needlo will move in opposite di¬ 
rections. The deflection is rarely more than 
45 deg., in consequence of tho magnetism 
of tho earth; but if that force is counter¬ 
acted, as it may be, by suspending two mag¬ 
nets near each other, of equal power, with 
their poles reversed, the declination will bo 
90 deg.; hence the tendency of a magnetic 
needlo is to stand at right angles to an elec¬ 
tric current. 
6th. If tho wire bo placed in a plane, per¬ 
pendicular to tho ono in which tho magnet 
moves, and tho positivo current ascends or 
descends to tho centre of tho needle, no ac¬ 
tion will tako place, but if it be moved towards 
tho north or south poles, (hoy will bo at¬ 
tracted or repelled. Hence the plane in 
which a needle moves is always perpendicular 
to that in which the voltaic current circulates. 
From tho above facts it will bo seen, that 
tho magnetic needlo may ho employed, to 
ascertain the existence and direction of vol¬ 
taic currents. 
As it is proved by experiment, that every 
part of a wire in a closed circuit exerts an 
equal force upon the poles of the needlo.— 
if wo can increase tho number of points, 
thecombined force will ho greatly increased. 
This can be done by coiling tho wire into tho 
form ot a circle or rectangle; each coil will 
exert its own force independent of its neigh¬ 
bor, and the united force will dopond upon 
tho number of coils. Now, if wo place a 
magnetic needle in the centre of this coil, 
in a piano perpendicular to tho wire, and 
causo the current to circulate around tho 
coil, the degreo of declination will indicate 
tho quantity of electricity in motion. It 
will be seen by this experiment, that if tho 
current pass from north to south, then 
around the south pole, doublo tho effect will 
be produced. By increasing tho number of 
coils the deflection of tho needlo will ho 
much greater, or if the current bo sufficiently 
powerful, tho needle will stand at right an¬ 
gles to the direction of the currents; then, 
if at tho moment it has attained this point, 
the fluid be sent in an opposite direction, it 
will perform a revolution: thus by changing 
the direction of tho currents, a neodlo may 
be made to revolve rapidly—thus showing 
conclusively, that the electric fluid does not 
circulate from north to south, as our friend 
“ )S. P.” supposes, but from west to east, in 
the opposite direction from that in which 
the sun seems to move. 
In order to understand the theory by 
which the phenomena of electro-magnetism 
and magneto-electricity may bo best ex¬ 
plained, it is necessary to keep in view this 
principle:—When two positive or two nega¬ 
tive currents are passing in tho samo direc¬ 
tion anil parallel they attract, and when in 
opposite directions they repel each other.— 
If now we suppose all magnetic bodies, and 
the earth itself among tho number, derivo 
their magnetic properties from currents of 
electricity circulating, in reference to their 
axis, in ono uniform direction of revolution, 
we can account for all tho phenomena, of 
electro-magnetism. To xnako this view 
clear, suppose that around a cylinder of 
steel at right angles to its axis, (the ends of 
which are marked north and south,) cur¬ 
rents of positive electricty are circulating 
from west to east, it will be a magnet, and 
if it bo freely poised on a pivot, it will differ 
in nothing but in name from from a mag¬ 
netic needle. 
1st. Tho reason why the neodlo turns to 
the cast when the current passes above it, 
from north to south, is, that tho currents in 
the magnet, and those in tho wire, move in 
different directions. Tho needle is repelled 
and turns that the currents may coincide. 
2d. When the positive current passes un¬ 
der the needlo, it moves to the west for tho 
same reason,.because then the eui'rents co¬ 
incide. 
3d. When it passes on either sido in tho 
same horizontal line, it tends to a vertical 
motion, for the samo reason as above; but if 
the current passes from south to north, tho 
phenomena are all roversod. 
4th. When it passes around tho poles in a 
vertical piano, in tho same direction in 
which the sun appears to move, the neodlo 
will perform ono half a revolution, bocauso 
the currents move in opposite directions, 
and the needle revolves so that tho currents 
may coincide. Ilenco the reason that tho 
magnetic needle stands north and south, is, 
that tho currents of electricity circulating 
around the earth, and those in tho magnet, 
will coincide only when tho needlo takes 
that direction. j. g. n. 
Loekport, Feb. 2, 1852. 
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL STONES. 
Mr. Charles F. Campbell, of Phelps, 
Ontario Co., N. Y., has invented,a useful 
improvement on Mill Stones, for which ho 
has takou measures to secure a patent.— 
He makes an additional set of furrows around 
and very near tho eye of tho stouo. These 
furrows arc cut in and across tho r'dges, 
near tho eye of tho stono, and form tho 
main furrows. Ono edge of oacli of tho 
ridges bounding the grooves, is curved, tho 
groove or channel being enlarged at tho eye 
of the stono, and it gradually lessens in 
width as it approaches tho grooves of one 
sot of the cross furrows near tho periphery 
of tho stone. Tho object effected by tho 
employment of tho additional set of grind¬ 
ing eilges formed by the grooves being made, 
and tho making one edge of each of tho 
ridges curved, is, that tho ridges servo as 
distinct crackers to break tho grain more 
rapidly than by tho old plan of dressing 
stones, and this affords a constant supply of 
cracked grain to the main and cross grind¬ 
ing ridges.— Set. Am. 
It is estimated that there are 7,000.000 
gross of steel pens made annually in Bir¬ 
mingham, employing 2,000 persons, and con¬ 
suming 700 tons of steel. 
“What did Kossuth mean when ho said 
‘ Bayonots think ?’ ” The meaning is obvi¬ 
ous. Every polished bayonet is capable of 
reflection. 
Who lives for useful ends must work. 
