MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
91 
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PACKING AMD SENDING GRAFTS. 
Frequent inquiry is made at this season j 
of the year for instructions in the best meth¬ 
od of packing grafts to send by mail—a 
matter of some importance, now that the 
postage laws so largely favor their trans¬ 
mission. Having been extensively engaged 
in this way for many years past, it may not 
perhaps seem arrogant for me to impart a ! 
little information. 
Some ten years ago or more, I was in the 
practice of first covering the grafts with thin 
muslin, and then applying a brushing of 
melted grafting wax. This formed a water¬ 
proof case, and kept the moisturo of the 
grafts from escaping, consequently they re¬ 
mained fresh and plump for a long time.— 
But the operation was troublesome and 
clumsy, and I soon after made quite an im¬ 
provement by the substitution of the light, 
thin, transparent oil-cloth, or the “oil-silk” 
used for lining straw hats. A strip about 
two inches longer than the graft, and wido 
enough to reach round and lap it a little, was 
made to cover it closely by winding fine 
thread around it from one end to the other, 
doubling the oil-cloth over the ends so as 
to form a completo water-proof casing. A 
few seconds only are required for this work, 
and by this means not only grafts are sent 
to any part of the United States, but even 
fresh green buds at midsummer may bo for¬ 
warded safely a thousand miles. When the 
distance is great, so that there is a proba¬ 
bility that such buds will be more than threo 
or four days on the road, the shoots should 
first be moistened before being put up. This 
is more especially necessary when the shoots 
are small or slender—if thick or stout they 
endure much longer without drying. This 
mode of packing, first used nearly ten years 
ago, has now bccomo generally adopted by 
pomologists at largo. 
I had occasion, some years since, to re¬ 
quest of a distinguished amateur fruit-raiser, 
some grafts of a new and rare pear, and 
furnished him with particular directions 
how to put them up. But ho thought to 
improve the process, by first wrapping the 
grafts in cotton batting to prevent external 
injury, and then putting on the oil-cloth ex¬ 
terior. The consequence was, the dry cot¬ 
ton absorbed nearly all the moisturo from 
the sticks, and when they reached mo they 
would nearly answer for lamp-lighters.— 
I have indeed found, not unfrequently, the 
grafts to be. considerably withered by the 
absorption of the paper label wrapped round 
them. To avoid this result, tho name sho’d 
bo written on a strip of paper not more 
than the* fifth of an inch wide, nor longer 
than needed for the name, which should bo 
done, not with ink, but with a pencil, so that 
when moistened in water before enclosing, 
it will not bo obliterated. This strip of paper 
is held to its place by passing a fine thread 
round it. When a number of scions of the 
same variety are to bo sent, ono may bo 
thus marked, and tho wholo be tied togeth¬ 
er with a fine ligaturo of bass, (say tho thir¬ 
tieth of an inch wide,) before applying the 
water-proof envelope. It should be added, 
that caution is necessary that too much 
moisture bo not enclosed, or decay may ro- 
sult, especially in summer. 
Wilted grafts have been completely re¬ 
stored in a few weeks by wrapping in moss, 
and then burying in moist earth. 
Macedon, 3 mo. 9, 1832. j. j, t. 
This Cherry, valuablo from its combina¬ 
tion of excellent qualities in tree and fruit, 
was grown from Seed by Samuel Downer, 
Esq., of Dorchester, near Boston. It was 
only by accident that the tree was allowed 
to come in bearing, as it was budded to an¬ 
other variety, but the bud failed, and it was 
then left to its natural growth. It is de¬ 
scribed in Barry’s Fruit Garden,as “rather 
largo, light red, tender and juicy; slightly 
bitter until fully ripo, when it is most do- 
licious.” In shape it is roundish, slightly 
heart-shaped; its color is red, often mottled 
THE DOWNER CHERRY. 
with ygllow, and light amber in the shade. 
Tho tree is a vigorous, erect grower, and a 
groat bearer. Tho Now England Farmer 
says :—•“ Tho fruit is the most hardy of any 
kind within our knowledge. When we have 
had two or three weeks of wet weather, 
about the time cherries ripen we liavo no¬ 
ticed that while half the crop was rotten on 
many varieties, and tho most tender kinds 
nearly all spoiled, the Downer cherry was 
scarcely any affected.” It ripens from the 
10th to tho 20th of July, aftet^ tho season 
of most other cherries. 
PRUNING GRAPE VINES. 
Since tho grape has become ono of the 
staples of garden culturo, many of our 
readers may feel an interest in a few hints 
upon tho subject of pruning. This is a 
matter of vital importance'to the vine, and 
its necessity will 1^3 bettor understood by a 
knowledge that the grape vine bears fruit 
only on shoots of the curront year, pro¬ 
duced from eyes on the last year’s growth. 
Too much care cannot be exercised in prun¬ 
ing off all tho superabundant growth of 
tho previous season, leaving only the main 
branches, with their most prominent off¬ 
shoots. 
Wo have noticed vines “about these days,” 
from which no portion of the last season’s 
growth has been removed. From such no 
fruit can be reasonably expected. With 
the most systematic and rigid pruning there 
is great danger that the summer foliage will 
overshadow the fruit so that its growth will 
sure remedy. As we have before remarked, 
wo believe it is owing to certain degrees of 
temperature and tho hygrometric state of 
the atmosphere. It is most generally found 
to occur in seasons of excessive wet, foliow- 
by oxtremely warm weather. We would 
suggest that the body of the trees be kept 
in a clean and healthy condition by scra¬ 
ping and washing, and that the ground be 
kept freo from any luxuriant undergrowth 
of vegetable matter. 
As a more sure preventive, in planting al 
young orchard, wo would suggest that tho* 
dryest and most elevated situation be chosen 
as tho site, and that the ground bo thor¬ 
oughly broken up with the common plow to 
the depth of 18 or 20 inches before plant¬ 
ing tho trees. This preparation will tend to 
keep up a more uniform degree of moisture, 
which wo think would go far to secure the 
fruit from tho evil complained of.— Louis¬ 
ville Journal. 
Hfcjjnuir Slrts & fncnrf. 
HAND P0W: ; R CIRCULAR SAWS. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATF.NT OFFICE, 
For the week ending March 2, 1832. 
lmprove- 
Stephen Albro, of Buffalo, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ments in life preservers. 
W m. Barnhill, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for improved 
arrangement of steam boiler. 
Henry J. Bulldey of Kalamazoo, Mich., for 
improvement in grain dryers. 
F. 0. Deschamps, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in omnibus registers. 
George 0. Donnell, of New London, N. Y., for 
improvement in chairs. 
Orson Moulton, of Blackstone, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in cast iron car wheels. 
Wm, Henson, of Newark, N. J., for 
ments in knitting looms. 
Lewis Lewis, of Vicksburgh, Mias., for improve¬ 
ments in cotton presses. 
Conrad Leibrich, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provements in the plates of trunk locks. 
Benjamin Mallefert, of New York, for improve¬ 
ment in blasting rocks under water. 
Hiram W. Moore, of Bridgeport, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in cast iron car wheels. 
Simeon Savage, of Lowell, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in machines for printing floor cloths. 
Theodore Sharp, of Albany, N.Y., for improve¬ 
ment in endless chain horsepowers. 
Samuel L. Speissegger, of Savannah, 6a, for 
improvement in brick machines. 
Benjamin F. Lee, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in bridging navigable streams. 
Gerard Sickles, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in friction clutches. 
Harris H. Tinker, of New London, Conn., for 
improved encircling suspender for garments. 
Isaac Van Bunschoten, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvement in camphene lamps. 
John R. St. John, of New Y ork, N. Y., assignor 
to the St. John’s Compass and Log Company, for 
improvement in compasses for determining varia¬ 
tion from local causes. 
PAPER MAKING, —A GREAT REVOLUTION. 
Mk. R. W. Parker, of Roxbury, Mass., - 
has invented and patented an apparatus for 
driving a circular saw by hand power with 
sufficient strength and velocity to enable it 
to do by the aid of one man, the work of 
three or four with common lmnd-saws. The 
Commonwealth says: 
“ Fhe invention by which this extraordi¬ 
nary result is produced is a very happy ono, 
and so simple that the Examiner at (bo 
Patent Office refused to believe from the 
model that the effect could bo produced, 
and would not report in favor of a patent 
till Mr. Parker carried the actual machine 
to Washington and showed it in full opera¬ 
tion. Seeing is believing, and tho patent 
was granted at once on tho ocular demon¬ 
stration. 
Instead of having a series of banded drums 
between his power and tho arbor of bis saw, 
Mr. Parker has ono drum, two and a half 
feet in diameter, to which his handle applies. 
There is no band around this drum. But 
resting on it at tho top is the arbor of tho 
saw, and another small drum is also in con¬ 
tact with it on one side. These two, tho 
arbor and the small drum, are banded to¬ 
gether. their band being all that separates 
them from tho periphery of tho large drum, 
so that the lower side of tho band is in con¬ 
tact witli tho large drum for about thirty 
degrees. 
By turning tho large drum rapidly you 
put the small arbor into a velocity, at onco, 
in the inverso ratio of the diameters, and 
there is no slipping of the band in working. 
The gain in compactness of machinery and 
economy of the power which in the ordinary 
mode is wasted on tho necessavi/ friction, 
must be obvious to any intelligent'mechanic’ 
Its application will of course bo widely ex¬ 
tended in driving various kinds of machine¬ 
ry where high velocity is required.” 
ELECTRIC MACHINE. 
Messrs. Cotter & Candee, of Poughkeep¬ 
sie, have constructed an engine to run by 
electricity. It is the invention of Mr. Glis¬ 
ten, of New Jersey. The Poughkeepsie 
Eagle says: 
, . , , , ,. , , , During tho building of tho machine wo 
Ay important revolution has taken place havo watched its progress, and its different 
m one of the most important manufactures parts have been explained to us. When Mr 
of this country, within a few years—the Gusten came to Poughkeepsie, ho brought 
manufacture ot the article which wo are j a small battery with him, which he thought 
using at this very moment of writing, and j was not sufficiently powerful to move the 
machine when finished. But on its comple¬ 
tion tho battery was applied, and tho engine 
instantly moved and ran with great rcgulari 
Enriching Gardens and Lawns. —The 
daily and weekly wasto of chamber slops, if 
sprinkled over the ground of small gardens 
would bo all tho enriching material required 
bo seriously retarded, or tho most of tho I t( ? P ro ^ uco good crops from year to year.— 
grapes destroyed by mildew. No one thing 
goes so far in imparting fine mellow flavor 
to fruit of any kind, as air and sunshine, 
and upon none is its effect moro plainly vis¬ 
ible than the grape. This pruning is done 
by most horticulturists in February or ear¬ 
ly in March. If not already performed no 
delay should be suffered as upon the proper 
care in this respect, depends tho chance of 
success with tho coming crop. So also of 
all kinds of fruit trees. Thoy should bo 
regularly and closely pruned, to givo room 
for the fruit to grow and ripen in perfection. 
Wo commend this subject to the attention 
of all fruit growers. Its importance will 
lead us to refer to it again. t 
THE CURCULIO — DRY ROT IN APPLES. 
MANURE FOR STRAWBERRIES. 
M jiile on this subject we may as well givo 
those of our readers who wish to cultivate a 
bed, only, of strawberries, tho following 
mode of manuring thorn, as practiced by a 
cultivator in Philadelphia, and communica¬ 
ted to tho “ Friend s Review,” published in 
that city,by Friend Tatem. The writer had a 
very productive bed, 30 by 40 feet. I ap¬ 
plied, says ho, about onco per week, for 
three times, commencing when tho green 
leaves first began to start, and making tho 
last application just before tho plants were 
in full bloom, the following preparation :— 
Nitrate ot potash (salt potro,) glauber salts, 
and sal soda (carbonate of soda.) each ono 
pound—nitrate of ammonia, ono quarter of 
a pound—dissolving them in 30 gallons of 
river, or rain water. One-third of this was 
applied at a time; and when the weather 
was dry I applied clear soft water between 
the times of using tho preparation, as tho 
growth of tho young leaves is so rapid that, 
unless well suppliod with water, the sun will 
scorch them. I used a common watering 
pot, making tho application towards eve¬ 
ning. Managed in this way, and tho weeds 
kept out, there is never any necessity of dig¬ 
ging over the bed, or sotting it out new.— 
Beds of ten years are not only as good, but 
better than those two or threo years old.— 
’Maine Farmer. 
Apple Borer.— Perforates the tree in 
small holes, and is destroyed by tobacco 
water and soap applied to tho places punc¬ 
tured. Another way:—Add to tho abovo 
mixture .sufficient sulphur to render it of 
the consistency of whito wash, and with a 
stilt brush effectually scour tho body of tho 
tree. 
Mr. Thos. Harper, of Moscow, Ivy., in & 
communication to us, remarks that of late 
years he has lost many of his apples, owing 
to their being punctured by some insect, 
which causes them to fall off while quite 
small, while thoso that remain on the trees 
until they are grown, are attacked with dry 
or bittor rot. He states that in tho spring 
of 1850, while they were in full bloom, he 
made a wash of lime, pulverized sulphur, 
and soft soap, which he applied to tho trunk 
of his trees after rubbing off' the loose bark. 
Tho result was that his fruit was remarkably 
fair and scarcely any was punctured by the 
insects; yet this did not prevent the rot.— 
Mr. II. wishes to know the cause of the dis¬ 
ease described and the remedy. 
Scraping the moss and looso bark from 
the trees and applying the wash was an ex¬ 
cellent plan. It destroys the hiding places 
of noxious insects which take refuge in tho 
bark, and imparts to tho whole treiT a vigor¬ 
ous and healthy appearance. 
Tho curculio or plum weevil which has be¬ 
come so destructive to many of our finest 
fruits was not known until about the com¬ 
mencement of tho present century. It de¬ 
lights most to prey upon the plum and pear, 
into which it deposits its eggs while the fruit 
is yet quite small. Tho worm which is found 
in tho applo at a moro advanced period of 
its growth is not produced by tho curculio. 
This is said to have been introduced from 
Europe within the last forty years. In this 
section of the country, tho plum and tho 
peach are more liablo to be destroyed by 
untimely frosts than tho apple. When this 
is the case, the insect is driven to tho applo 
as tho last resort, which causes it to fall off 
as described by Mr. H. The curculio is a 
remarkably shy and cunning insect. Tho 
application of tho wash, no doubt, drove him 
to tho neighboring orchards, leaving tho 
fruit upon tho trees thus troatod unharmed. 
The dry rot in the applo is a disease of 
moro recent origin, for which we know no 
Grass lawns if sprinkled with wash water 
and urine weekly would never require to be 
covered, as many now do, with a thick coat 
of manure, unsightly to tho eyo, and disa- 
greeablo to tho feet when a pleasant day ar¬ 
rives when one wishes to look over ones 
shrubs and trees. Lawns so sprinkled 
would also bo always fresh and green.— 
Fruit has also been greatly benefited by 
moderate doses during their growing season. 
At this present time, you may pour on with¬ 
out tear, for the frost and rains previous to 
tho opening of Spring will so distribute it 
that no ill effects can arise from an over 
supply .—Ohio Farmer 
Coal cinders, iron filings, charcoal dust, 
&c., &c., such as is usually found about a 
black smith shop, arc excellent for pear 
trees. Apply and turn under tho surface 
about three inches deep. 
very moment ot writing, 
which must be used still again as a vehicle 
for conveyingour lucubrations, together with 
thoso ot our contributors and correspond¬ 
ents to our readers—that article is paper. 
Although it is constantly before their eyes 
and in their hands, bow few persons arc ac¬ 
quainted with tho mysteries of paper ma¬ 
king, and how few are aware of tho revolu¬ 
tion which tho process has undergone with¬ 
in twenty-five years. The process of trans¬ 
forming- the filthiest rags into the delicate 
note-sheet on which the young lady in¬ 
dites her pretty compliments to her friends, 
ty, and with some power. This so much 
more than exceeded the expectation of tho 
inventor, that all doubts in his mind were 
expelled. This machine is tho model for a 
powerful engine. It can bo run with a far 
less expense than a steam engine, its power 
will bo more uniform, less room will bo re¬ 
quired. no boilers will burst, and it will not 
affect insurance. YVo have confidence that 
the lorn 
- . „ , ’ | — —o sought for power has now been 
is a different process to-day, Horn that ern- i practically applied, and that great benefits 
ployed twenty five years ago. Then, the j will result from it. In a few days a lanre 
rags were ground somewhat after the pres- | battery will be procured and the engine ap- 
enf fashion and tho pulp conveyed into a ! plied to machinery to test its power after 
large vat, into which the workman dipped , which we will say more about it ” ’ 
a square framo on which was stretched a _ _ _ 
Daraeslit (Bcnnomtj. 
Cure for Toothache.— Mi - . James Beat- 
son, of Airdrie, says:—Gum Copal, when 
dissolved in chloroform, forms an excellent 
compound 1'or stuffing the holes of decayed 
teeth. I have used it very frequently, and 
the bonefit my patients have derived from 
it has been truly astonishing. Tho appli¬ 
cation is simple and easy. 1 clean out the 
hole, and moisten a little cotton with the 
solution; 1 introduce this into the decayed 
part, and in every instance tho relief has been 
most instantaneous. The chloroform re¬ 
moves tho pain, and the gum copal resists 
tho action of the saliva; and as the applica¬ 
tion is so agreeable, those who labor under 
this dreadful malady would do well to make 
a trial ot it.— Jour. Dent. Science. 
To remove Black Spots from Plate.— 
Boil tho articles in three pints of water, with 
an ounce of calcined hartshorn; drain, dry 
by the fire, and polish with soft linen rags 
which have been boiled in tho same liquid 
and afterwards dried, using purified whiten¬ 
ing as the plate powder. 
To Purify Stagnant Water.—O ne part 
of chalk and two of alum will speedily pu¬ 
rify stagnant water, and four parts of ani¬ 
mal carbon, and ono of alum, are sufficient 
to purity a thousand parts ot inuddv river 
water. 
Essence op Ginger. —Let four ounces of 
Jamaica Ginger bo well bruised, and put it 
into a pint of rectified spirits of wine. Let 
it remain a fortnight, then press and filter it. 
A little essence of cayenne may be added, if 
wished. 
Essence of Nutmeg.— This is made by 
dissolving ono ounce of tho essontial oil in 
a pint ot rectified spirits. It is an expen- 
si\o, but an invaluable modo of flavoring in 
the arts ot the cook or confectioner. 
wire gauze, and after allowing the water to 
drain from the pulp retained on the strain¬ 
er, he laid it over a pieco of felt, on tho 
platform of a press resembling tho oldr 
fashioned cider press. Another sheet of 
felt was laid on tho incipient sheet of paper, 
and then another sheet and another felt— 
and so on until the pile was sufficient; after 
which a horn was sounded to summon the 
men from other parts of tho establishment 
to assist in screwing down the pile with 
great levers, until tho water was pretty thor¬ 
oughly squeezed from the mass. After re¬ 
maining in that state a sufficient time, the 
sheets were taken into a loft well ventilated, 
where thoy wero hung upon poles and dried’ 
after which they were pressed again and 
afterwards calendered. 
BOLT HEADING MACHINE. 
In last week’s Scientific American, there 
was an advertisement of Dr. S. M’Lean, in- 
| viting persons to witness the operation of 
I Van Brocklin’s patent bolt heading machine, 
j hi the blacksmithing establishment at 45 
j Gold street, New York. We witnessed tho 
! operation ot heading bolts by this machine, 
and were highly pleased with its perform¬ 
ance. The machine is only three feet long, 
and \\ foot wide, yet it is adapted to cut 
bolts to their proper length, head thorn, cut 
screws on them, and also tap nuts. 
1* or blacksmith-shops it is a capital inven¬ 
tion. It has a die box and die socket for 
the bolt. I he cut rod lor tho bolt is made 
r P , , j. . I red-hot in the fire, then placed in tho die 
Ihe number ol minutes now required to socket with tho tongs, ono turn of a crank 
convert the ground pulp into paper dried j brings the die box on the top of tho red-hot 
and pressed, is less Than the number of days I rod, then with a hammer two hlnw<j 
pulp is made to flow from tho grinding ap- | is thrown out of the socket in which it’isro- 
paratus over an inclined belt ot wire gauze, I tained while the head is being formed. The 
Irom which it is conducted (without the aid j heads of bolts, according to tho forms of the 
ol hands) upon and between cylinders— j uio, may be of various forms, arid oramonted 
some ol which are filled with steam—which ; lor use or fancy. It is adaptod for copper 
perform tho operations of drying and press¬ 
ing simultaneously, while at the' end of the 
machine a cutting apparatus cuts it into 
sheets as rapidly as two persons can take 
the shoots from the machine. The process 
of preparing the rags has been improved 
materially by tho resources of chemistry, 
and we now see the blackest fragments of 
tarred cordage bleached as whito as tho 
driven snow, and made the basis of tho finest 
paper. 
The machinery now used in this country 
for making paper was first manufactured in 
South Windham, Conn., a machinist having 
gone to England, where the invention was 
almost a secret, obtained employment in a 
paper-mill, where he made drafts of the 
machinery, and subsequently returned home 
and commenced tho construction of Four- 
drinier and other machines from theso drafts. 
The cutting apparatus was invented by the 
Yankeo manufacturer, who improved the 
machine in many other respects, and sup¬ 
plied orders from England, the Canadas, 
and almost every part of the civilized world.’ 
There are at present throe or four manu¬ 
factories of paper machines in the United 
States. It is not easy to imagine what our 
condition in certain respects, would havo 
beon at this rime, had not this revolution 
beon effected in the manufacture of paper. 
Boston Museum. 
fancy, 
as well as iron bolts. 
Artificial noses and ears are now made 
of India rubber. 
IMPROVED BREAST COLLAR FOR HORSES. 
Mr. P. F. Hicks, of Bristol, Ontario Co., 
N. \., has taken measures to secure a pat¬ 
ent for an improvement in breast collars 
for horses, which consists in making tho col¬ 
lar of such a form that the shoulder-blades 
of the animal are allowed free and expand¬ 
ed action when going fast or drawing heavy 
loads. '1 lie collar is an elastic ono, with tho 
lower part forming a loop, and the uppor 
ends bent over at right angles with the sides 
of the bow. It is well known that the com¬ 
mon stuffed collar has a kind of choking ef¬ 
fect when a horse is drawing a heavy draft, 
and lor this reason many have preferred tho 
Dutch harness, which has no collar. This 
collar obviates that evil, and presents all the 
advantages of the stuffed ono.—Sci. Jlmer. 
A company has recently beon startod in 
Connecticut, near New Haven, tor the man¬ 
ufacture of a new article, called tho “self- 
oiling Clocks.” It is stated that Mr. Bar- 
nuin has entered largely into the operation, 
and is a prominent stockholder. These 
clocks are 60 constructed as to oil them¬ 
selves, thus saving the expense of occasion¬ 
ally hiring clock pedlars, &o,, to oil the 
works. The oil is contained- in a collet, and 
is distributed on tho cogs and; axis of.the 
palato wheel at every revolution of the 
works. 
Kc<sKx«esiiMoarA 
