VOLUME III. NO. 17. )• ROCHESTER, N 
fgrirultuml Dtjuirtmtirt. SH0UID BAENS BEI1GHICE 0PEN ' ° 
-—-_ The opinion prevails with many—perhaps Messji 
^PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. with the majority of farmors-that barns several i 
PREMIUM CORN CROPS.—AGAIN. wdb nian y cracks and holos botween the regard t< 
boarding are more favorable for the preser- dian con 
Indian Cohn is one of the most valuable vation of hay and grain. There are others you the 
and remunerating crops which can be grown who question the correctness of such doc- subjects. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y-THURSDAY, APRIL 22, 1852. 
CULTURE OF INDIAN CORN. adopt a course to provent this great loss to 
Messrs. Editors Having lately noticed the manuro hea P> and at the same tim « pro- 
° J l.Tfl lnrwl I_ 1 _* /» , 1 ®,1 
I WHOLE NO. 121. 
USE LARGE POTATOES FOR SEED 
— —.j - j „ —several inquiries in your valuable paper, in ° -- vitatinn wMf.li v. * fj f 
with many cracks and holos between the regard to the best method of cultivating In- nOX,OUS weeds ’ R « desirable to know how , y " a '0 extended to your 
boarding are more favorable for the preser- dian corn, application of manure, &c. 1 give t0 d ° U ’ , , r™ 
vation of hay and grain. There are others you the result of my experience on those , rh o result of my experience is, that the ‘' ' . y T lntorest,n g m 
who question the correctness of such doc- subjects. burying of manure from eight to nine inches p ' - *co, 1 leel the more liberty in 
vent his land from becoming infested with . Mkssks - Editors From tho goneral in- 
boai ding aio more favorable for the preser- i dian corn, application of manure, &c.. Ig 
vation ot hay and grain. There are others | you tho result of my experience on those 
insects and other enemies than wheat, and agitated by tho agricultural press. If barns to $20 per acre, and unless tho yield is from 
is better adapted to tho goneral purposes of are indeed, better for openness, why then thirty to forty bushels per acre, there will 
toed tor stock than any crop which can bo let us all havo them as open as convenient, be a loss to tho cultivator. On land con- 
foul weeds in tho manure being so far from advocatcd m thoso nicies are so contrary 
the influence of the sun and atmosphere, do *° my ° wn exper,ence ’ that 1 foel impelled 
not germinate till the second plowing brings by a Sen8e of dut y to im P art tho small 
, , , 1 . -—.. ™ w ci iubb lo me cultivator, on land con- ° --i'* v '"‘“6 "““6° M a: i 
produced at tho same expense. It is also a The writer, however, is of tho opinion sidered too poor to warrant, with good cul- them ” earer th « As a crop of some “ g J eXpCn ° nC0 
very wholesome article of nutriment for that the tighter they are—with a ventilator tivation, this yield, I pursue a course to in- on e of the small grains usually follows the ' 
family use. Hence wo may bo excused for above—the better they are, not only for tho crease its fertility which will at the same COrn cro P’ thesefoul seeds take root and be- . 1 OT a nun ^ er of V ™™ P a8 t, I have made 
Qnroin no 11 1 n a> n il, ^ . £' 1 I J ** " _ , i i .. if nn imrnneJJn wnln ^1 i! ... __ . l , i 
again calling attention to tho course of cul¬ 
ture which has produced large or premium 
crops in different sections of tho country. 
Wo find in tho Transactions of tho Soci¬ 
ety of Middlesex (Mass.) Husbandmen for 
1851, tho statement of a crop of eighty-fivo 
comfort of man and beast, and as a bar to 1™° pay exponses. This is dono by plow- 
the insinuating winds and snow, but for the mg under greon crops of some kind—usually 
better curing of hay and grain. My own clover—which is considered decidedly tho 
very limited observation confirms thisbeliof. best fertilizer of all tho greon manures._ 
When a youngstor, living in Oswego Co., ^ben tho land is in good order to stock 
I remember a noighbor who prided himself down , it is dono by seeding with clover and 
This is dono by plow- como permanently fixed in the soil. 
it an invariable rule in planting potatoes, to 
oty of M'd.llesox (Mass.) Husbandmen for whoI) , t , ivi 0 Oo When tho land is in good order to stock and =“™>sphere. Without this dccomposi- two equal parts, and put one piece in a 
ISol, tho statement of a crop of eighty-live j rcmcmbor a noighbor wh „ pridod himse| f down, it is dono by seeding with clover and *' on " ,0 manure is comparatively, of very hl1 ~ the medium sized ones, I plant whole 
bushe s per aero of sound corn, raised hy from year to year, upon the good condition Timothy, six quarts each, por aero. It is Mo benefit to tho crop. Tin, succeeding 1 m a h,U ' “us method takes 
Mr llAYWABn.of Ashby The sod is d,^ in wh i ch ho managed to house his hay Yot ®H®*«<I to remain throe or four years in crop ,s less benefited than it would have boon very little, ,1 any more seed than hy cutting 
h„'sm„rL,‘ 1 T b ° am ’ T* 8 , gl y 10 for all that ho secured it well, and kept open pasture, always dressing tho same each year had * h ® *»<>» thoroughly decom- It requires only about 12 bushels to 
the sou h-east Tho ground was broken up doorg at hu bam for a fro0 circula P ti J of witli gypsum, at tho rate of ono bushel por ?, os ° d and “corporated will, tl.o soil. Now P‘ an ‘ ™ ““»■ 1 •“'» formerly been m a 
m Oetobor lSdS, about nmomehosin depth. air> he a]most os inV ariahly suffered from “re. At the end of this time tho land is in lf ‘ h ® manure is buried only 3 i to 4 inches hab . ,t °‘ cutting my seed with two eyes on 
Ihe first of May following cross plowed- mow burMt , whiIst his' neighbors who a condition to produce a crop of corn which d «P a perfect decomposition takes place— a piece and puttmg throe pieces in a hi".- 
then ton cart-loads of manure from tho took leffi aius ; lmt k t their b f rns y htcr will remunerate tho farmer for his labor. Tbc oult '™f° r workin « to de P th . ' th ' S I " etbod * hat tho cro P «• 
in XntoLXcorrftesmin had brighter hay for their stock in winter. 1 plant usually upon such a grass or clover ‘horoughlyinconiomtosthomanuro with tho »P‘ d ?‘U'°j la ° b ° th “ '‘aantity and 
in, planted with corn, the small, eai-Iy, eight- , , 8 , soil—tho corn receives tho ereatest benefit < l ua,lt y- Ihe plants were frequently ren- 
rowod kind, about the middle of May, which On page 217, volume 1 , of the Rural, “N. ^ The coarse fresh manure from the f rom it-the seeds of weeds all sprout and dered f oeblo and unhealthy by “severe 
— 7i--- w..., ...o oomu, wwi y W nut- i _ r —uio uuiu i tniuivos mo greatest benefit 
rowed kind, about tho middle of May, which p n page 217, volume 1, of the Rural, “N. The coarse fresh manure from the from it _ the 3eods of TOeds fc al | 8pr0lltand 
yielded about seventy bushels. The first of C ' communicates an article that hits tho barn-yard is drawn upon the land early m ar0 dost d by the cultivator and hoo- 
May. 1851, tho hills wore split and twelve ">»“« ’rdl. Ho argues that the cold cur- s P™fc th » >'ate of about thirty two tho ortio „ of manur0 which dosconds in , 
loads of manure spread therein, and cross- 'cuts of a,r that strike upon the mow, have h< ™») loads per aero. The ground is plow- tbo P ()ilj be br( , ht bock in b tho 
plowed to tho depth of seven inches. May ‘ 10 ol,cot t0 condense the worm vapor from ® d as it can ho and cover the ma- Becond plowh whicb should bo ^' very deep 
12th, furrowed ono way only; and put eight ,h « .«»>»■“* m “ ss ' whi c>‘ * «*««, Ufa) ■ porfectly-say front throe and a half _ from Boven to niu0 incll0s j am '„ J_ 
loads of fine compost manure in tho hill- casting on so much cold water. Hence, if ‘® &nr inches deep The roller is then v0(;at0 of deop p w,„ g _ bl „ at tho proper 
planting that and tho following day, three the bara bo tho “ ir 13 of an oven tom- u3 “ d > afterwards tile harrow and tho wheel y me and |;>C P “ P J 
foot ton inches one way, and about two foot P erature ' “ nd th » sweating of tho hay goos cultivator—completely pulverizing tho soil Co .. N . Y> Apr „ 9> m , ' 
eight tho other. Harrowed three times 011 wifchout an Y chock, whilst the vapor os- wlth0Rt disturbing tho sod. The ground is - 
with a small harrow made for tho purpose’ capes at tho roo£ This accounts for tho then markod off into rovvs each way, three WINTER KILLING- OF CLOVER, 
and raised the ground about the corn a little fact * hat f ass stacked needs to bo d **yor p cct a part-al ways having the rows perfect- El>g Rural ._ In crogsil a no] > hboi , s 
only. It was cut up and harvested the sec- than for tho mow - 7 StRl,gh \ A 8ma1 ^ handful of a mmoral field lately I observed that on some portion ’ 
end week in October. No account of profit 0,1 pa « e 83 of tho 2d ^ol. of tho Rural, compound, composed ot two parts unleach- ^ clov J\ yag bad ,. t town ouT whJe on 
or expense accompanies the statement. C. Orapsey, of Lockport—and thoro is otl ashes, two parts gypsum and one of lime, •, , . 
May, 1851, tho hills wero split and twelve 
loads of manure spread therein, and cross- 
plowed to tho depth of seven inches. May 
12th, furrowed one way only; and putoight 
tho portion ot manure which descends into 
the soil, will be brought back again by the 
second plowing, which should be very deep 
—from seven to nine inches. I am an ad- 
from it—tho seeds of weeds all sprout and j dcrcd feeble and unhealthy hy sovere 
aro destroyed by tho cultivator and hoo— drouth, or hy heavy rains about tho time 
of planting. 
I think it is generally conceded that whole 
potatoes when planted aro less liable to rot 
in tho hill than cut ones, and consequently 
vocate of deep plowing—but at the proper less liable to bo affected or rendered un¬ 
time and place. n. ii. e. healthy. The nourishment which the plants 
Marshall, Oneida Co., n. y., April 9,1852. receive from the seed potato is conducted 
WINTER KILLING OF CLOVER tG th ° m thr0u S h th ° agency of the skin, 
- consequently tho moro you cut a potato — 
Eds. Rural : — In crossing a neighbor’s tbo more you detach its parts—tho loss tho 
Id lately, I observed that on some portions nourishment it can afford to the growing 
e clover was badly thrown out, whilo on plant. As tho most rational causo of tho 
WINTER KILLING OF CLOVER. 
only. It was cut up and harvested tho sec¬ 
ond week in Octobor. No account of profit 
or oxponso accompanies the statement. 
field lately, I observed that on some portions 
the clover was badly thrown out, whilo on 
Tho largost crop wo remember to have no moro successful farmer in that region 
noticed, was grown in Washington Co., Ohio, tban bc —communicates the fact that wheat. 
re successful farmer in that region is then dropped in each hill before planting.’ °" tir f y uldn J u ™ d > aad potato rot is believed by many to be malaria 
o—communicates t.w. wW The seed is dropped upon this compost and thlS Ied m ®. to lo ° k for tho causo ’ 1 concIu - m th ° air >. and as al1 ieebl ° (,r dlS0a8od 
in 1850. Ono hundred and twenty-six to ° green for m arket, housed in his barns, covered about tw0 inches deop. 
bushels of shelled corn aro cortifiod in the as seasoned matched pino siding could The seed is prepared as follows :—About 
ded it could not bo from difference in tho are most likely to he affectod by it, it is of 
soil, as none could be perceived sufficient to the utmost importance that we keep tho 
account for it. I then saw that tho clover potato plant in its most healthy state, and 
was thrown out most where no other grasses thereby less liable to this disease, 
grew with it — and where other grasses In conclusion I would say,—by my present 
wero growing so as to form a sward, the clo- method of planting, my potatoes are vory 
ver roots all remained firm and uninjured, little affected by the rot, and some years 
From what I have observod here and elser j not any. I am not troubled with any small 
heaving out and winter killing of clover, by while many of my neighbors are complain- 
sowing with it thoso varieties of grasses in g of small potatoes and the rot. Ono of 
naturally inclined to spread so that some- them has been a strong advocato of planting 
.■op„ rt of tho County Agricultuaai Society, ^ “." “''oil in October, Wf 3 bethel in quantity is put iute a ves- thrown out most whoro „„ ether grasses thereby foss liable to this dtaease 
as tho crop of ono acre of land in tho town in st rate ordor for grinding. sol, upon which is turned about ono gill of -ai •._ , , ' T . . _ n 
of Roxbury. Tho exact quantity of manure A VOry S ood method of making the barn coal tar, and stirred till every kernel is coat- ® , , .f aS8Ca r " conclusi0n Iwou,d 8a y—by my present 
applied is not stated, but it could not have and one which gives it an improved ap- ed with tho tar. A sufficient quantity of VPr JL . ,1*1 • , a sward, the do- method of p anting my potatoes are very 
been unusually large, as it was applied only poarance, is the vertical boarding with thick plaster to prevent the tar from adhering to - ^ '! rcm.uner urn an- uninjured. | little affected by the rot, and some years 
to the poorer parts of a field of four acres. batten ings upon the outside. The hoardsfor tho hands is then used. I have tried a great , ‘ rom wbat 1 liave ob servod here and elser j no any. I am not troubled with any small 
The soil was limestone loam had boen this method, should he of an equal width, many different recipes to prevent tho crows ' v loro ’ 1 thmk farmers may prevent the j potatoes, they are all sizeable and largo, 
cleared ten years, and for three years ore- Bay one foot - The ba ttenings may ho three and fowls from destroying tho corn, hut I e ‘T' g ° u kll !" lg ° f clovor ’ by whlI °„ man f ot m y neighbors are complain- 
vious in meadow. Plowed on tho first of or f our inches wide by one and a half thick, believe this is the most effectual of all—as S0 ' un S wlU Jt tboso varieties of grasses mg o small potatoes and the rot. Ono of 
March six inches deop, harrowed once and s «ch a thickness gives them more promi- it accomplishes the object. I have used the ^ aturady * ncllIlcd ^ spread so that some- them has been a strong advocato of planting 
then tho manure from tho yards and stable n01,ce - Tho extra cost of this method is common tar and plaster, but this forms a f lm g 0 a turf may be formed the first sum- sma 1 potatoes, ho has selected small pota- 
applied—plowed a second time two inches but littIc - Good twelve-penny nails, ono in coating over the kernel, excluding tho moist- I”®. 1 / , .! 0y . S 10uU al9 ° av , 0ul close feodin g toes or several years until last fall he raised 
deep. Planted on the 10th of May a kind each edge of the battening, at each girt and uro necessary for tho germination of the !*! 10 ;l ~ 1(>avm g as mu ch grass and stub- a crop of small potatoes in earnest,—they 
of gourd seed corn, in hills four foot apart boarn ’ wil1 hold als0 the board > as W0 11 as seed. I havo often found some of tho seed “ P ?f lbl ,°’ t0 f ° rm a kind of COV0rin g to had as tho proverb is-and now ho 
each way. On about one-third of tho tb °ugh the board wore fastened with com- in a perfectly dry state after it had lain in pro 0ct t m clover roots from the alternate thinks it time to change his seed. e. h. 
field,-the poorest part-a shovel full of nion na ils. The writer built himself a barn the ground three weeks-I have used differ- treozin 8- and thawings of spring. This coat Know M,, n. y., Apr i., 1852. _ 
compost was thrown on each hill previous aftor this manner the P*»t soason, and tho ent soaks to accomplish the same object, ° V0 » otatlou s . orves as a protection, not so MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS 
to planting. This compost was mado by extra comfort of ifc to bis stabled animals and as a remedy against tho worms, and to mU< I ^ kcopin g out tlxo frost > as b y P r «- 
spreading a layer of sods from the fence aud himself > whon working in it tho past give the corn an early start, but with such 7”* , .° CtB °\ * h ° S ° warm » Sunny EdS .’ Rural It is not likely that far- 
corners, with a layer of unrotted straw from winter, has already moro than compon- doubtful success I havo abandoned thorn all ‘ ayS ’ ° owed b ^ ni £ bts ot severe frost, mors m Western New York feel that inter- 
tho ban,-yard, to which was added two loads satcd him tho ho has About ton days after tho planting is com- T! “““J' '“f* 1 " and ^ “* “ th »"'-magemont of their timber lands, 
of stable manuro, and about thirty bushels tlw fldl th -*‘ wOI benefit bis hay and pleted, I pass the cultivator between tho ™ Now En ? lm "i- Hut bo 
of slaked lime and the ashes made in the g™ n m future, quite as much in proportion, rows each way, and when tho corn is all out H0ESE BARN AND CARRIAGE HOUSE. assured tbat the day is not far distant when 
house tho previous winter. There was Genco » b ^ 3 advico to thoso who build barns, of the ground, I go through tho liko opera- v n ^7- — 7~, . owners o ortstlandstlieie.will haveadif- 
rather moro corn on this part of tho field is *° make them tight by all means. When tion again. At this time, ono or two men • Lns ' R0 ' r _ a ^ 0t al1 the plans for build- erent feeling on the subject. If the people 
than on tho other. Where no compost you do 80 once > y° u wil1 not R after- follow tho cultivator to destroy with a hoo mgS ^ SGCn m agriCultural pa ‘ , 7° ® ni Y° rk rnana g° their timber 
was used, one pint of ashes, saved from the ward ‘ In such barns, windows for the ad- what weeds may be left. Very little manual F ? not . rom0mber of an y for a horse lands as farmers formerly did in that part 
log-heaps of a clearing, was put upon each mission of H g ht > in tb « gables or elsewhere labor is employed. The cultivator is used * “ f”™®? ° US °' 1 ^ t0 Gr<3Ct a r T T ?° nt th ° ® arIy parfc 
hill. The corn was hoed twice-first plowed aro conveni e R t, whilst they may act the as often as is necessary to eradicate the buildia g that wdl accommodate at least two of my life, they will yet have cause to regret 
lightly, and then harrowed down smooth further purpose of ventilators when requir- weeds and keep tho soil sufficiently loose span ot borses Wltb their harness near them, the course they are pursuing. I am aware 
and level. ed - A window over tho door of tho thresh- After tho second cultivation a dressing of 8t0rage for gram to loed tcam8 , hay loft, and that you have much forest, and wood may 
In all cases of largo crops which have in g d «or would bo well. t. e. w. gypsum is given to each hill. ‘ f convenient way of getting hay to the seem almost inexhaustible,-but time will 
days, followed hy nights of severe frost, mers in Western Row York feel that inter- 
which often occur in winter and early spring, est in tho management of their timber lands 
EugM Harbor, March, 1852. j. siblky. that we do hero in New England. But bo 
HORSE BARN AND CARRIAGE HOUSE. assured that tho da y is not iar distant whon 
_ owners of forest lands there, will have a dif- 
Ens. Rural :—Of all tho plans for build- ferent feeling on tho subject. If the people 
building that will accommodate at least two op m y p fe, they will yet have cause to regret 
In all cases of largo crops which have * ng door w0ldd bo woll. T. e. w. gyj 
come under our notice, they aro grown on PLOWINg'-DEEP FURROWS J 
rich soils; most frequently on sward or clo- _ ma 
ver leys, enriched by tho addition of ma- Messrs. Editors :—On land which is free cor 
psum is given to each hill * g a C0nvenient wa y of getting hay to tho soem almost inexhaustible,—but time will 
My reasons for using long unformented i 0 ™ 8; . r00m f ° r S '° igl,S and carria S es of 800,1 ‘ ay th ° 8 ° “J 1 ® fo, ' osts low - Mltl 
snares direct from tho Urn-yard for he doscnptmn > and a «® nora > d °t J0Bit0r - v for J >10p0r car “ 18 had for th ® g™"th of sprout 
vn nmn .„s,i f u u , . filming utensils, and perhaps a work bench, land, you may havo to pay from $3 to $5 
1 low.T.T b 8ha h™ Plowing: are as also . \ wisb tbo arra ‘, lgen P ]t50 tbat , ^ per cord for market wood. 
o fermentiBon^f° b& reas ° i u in avor of harness to, or unharness from any vehicle, Even here in Now England, notwithstand- 
ver leys, enriched by the addition of ma- Messrs. Editors :—On land which is free corn crop, and for shallow plowing are as i V • u P t T ’ ^ ’ i r , . \ J 
mires. It matters little how the food is fur- from stumps and stones many good farmers follows :-The principal reason in^ fever of o 1 th » arrangement so that I can P®r cord for market wood. 
nishod, but it seems evident that tho corn think one plowing is only needed for any tho fermentation of manures before apply- harness to or unharness from any vehicle, . Even here in New England, notwithstand- 
erop must bo fed in order to its greatest pro- crop, and that should bo deep aud with well tog ‘horn to the soil, is that tho seeds ot F uoi- 'f?, Z v , 8 , "’T 9 ’ “*“* ® f 
ductivonoss. Bettor then, to plant only turned furrow. Within the past year or two ions weeds in such manures are thereby do- ■ ^ hmldmg whmh shall cmbraco convon- wood, many farmers aro as negligent of tho 
two acres well prepared, weU manured, and much has been written in fayor of deep nar- stroyed moro offoctuaily than thoy could be 'TJ th6abo ™ 18 a dosideratum younger growth as oven tlie (armors wore 
woll taken care of, than half a dozen from iwfurrows. Can such furrows be well turn- aftor they had been suffered to grow in the ‘hat eyery farmer needs. It may be adyisa- in the State of New York. While traveling 
which no greater return can bo derived oll? Experience has taught us that if tho fur- Boil - Itis acknowledged, I bcliovo, that from • ° n °. l ° thom a11 ln ono build_ lroug 1 oru "* of Now England, 
without this care and treatment. A>w was deep, it must be wide also, or it would ono-haif to two-thirds of tho fertilizing prin- mg ', A " y pb ? n . fl ' 0 “l, any of - vour corr, '»- “ av0 roqoentiy observed tho utter eore- 
... .-:-:-:- standonedge. Will some one teach us bow cinlo of common W „.™1 ..P«»4<»to, winch shall meet tho supposed lossness with which farmers soem to regard 
“ It is as cheap to raise ono ton of grass 
or clover, as a ton of burdocks or pig-woods.” 
stand on odgo. Will somo ono teach us how cipto of common barn-yard manures, is lost 
to well turn deep, narrow furrows? m. by the fermonting process in largo heaps, as 
Onondaga Co. usually conductod. Now, if a farmer can 
caso, will bo thankfully roceived by at loast tb cir younger growth of wood. In many 
ono of your readers. Rusticus. places cattlo aro suffered to havo as freo 
Kalamazoo, Mich., April, 1852. rango throughout tho forests, as in tho pas- 
