SsHa 
VOLUME III. NO. 19. }• 
Slgritultnral lepartmrat. 
PROGKESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
ABOUT FLAX AND FLAX COTTON. had , , , ~ . ° ' " ” deep and mellow, well drained or naturally T“' 8 ’ * 'TV™ .T "““T* Uim 8Ull ° OT a PP*y>ng long manure, but such is the 
Some weeks ago wo received a beautiful pam,,I,lot statosYlmt one of the most 'Iry.and in no case subject to stagnant water. ^ OTmmondnp') 1 ferent farmers in H’ 01 ’* 01 ' * *Jf* 
specimen of Fla°x Cotton, prepared by the «-*• «— in Indiana, (Hon. H. L. A fieU that » gently sloping to the north > he o ^tvImUi ' Z d IZZo'tho s 
Chevalier Clause process-together with Eetswo,.™, formerly Commissioner of Pa- »"* “ tho.Brour.d w.l J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , , )f 7JSZpZ“sed^^thufl hatdZ dare 
a pamphlet circular on the subject of Flax touts,) intends to sow COO acres to flax this ^ 1 ^ ® P not ' be ^SS*b T “he“ mould > alld « uanf ’’ and «" England much j advise or recommend any partieulnrmethod 
Cuituro and Cotton. Before we found time P ".” g ’ “ d apl0pirlet0r ■" England is pre- P temperatures prevailing everv dav 1130 is mado of " ooIen rags, and tho waste but would advise all to thoroughly test the 
to notion tho matter in tho mn.nnnr intonrlorl I paring 3,000 acres, reclaimed from the son. rome temperatures prevailing every (lay. , „ mnr , nn rp, „ _ u ... . 
ROCHESTER, N. Y .-THURSDAY, MAY 0, 1 852. 
t WHOLE NO. 123. 
cess,—which prove that tho project is not as PLANTING AND CULTURE OF HOPS. 
nearly related as first cousin to eithor tho - 
China Tree Corn, Morns Multicaulis, or Ro- To raiso ho P s P rofitab ly and successfully, 
ban Potato speculation. Tho writer rocom- R * s necessai T tb at- choice should bo made of 
mends the Archangel and Riga seed, if to be a S ood P iece of S round - Tlle soil should b e 
had, for the first sowing. 
Some weeks ago we received a beautiful 
Chevalier Claussen process—together with Ellsworth, formerly Commissioner of Pa- 
a pamphlet circular on tho subject of Flax tents.) intends to sow 500 acres to flax this 
Cuituro and Cotton. Before we found time s P rin g,—and a proprietor in England is pre- 
PLANTING AN D CULT URE OF HOPS. it in a measure from tho severe frosts of j ference in the state and quality of tho ma- 
To raise hops profitably and successfully, wintor ' Tl, ° pr " pcr t ™ atmen ‘ for . tho on - I «!•«. applied, 
it is necessary that choice should bo made of M "" g sp ‘‘" g W1 readily suggest itself to My advice is frequently asked by the 
a good piece of ground. The soil should he 1 U1 “ \° 0< buinei. P'?M‘ n g 0>cr the soil neighboring farmers as to the best method 
deep and mellow, well drained or naturally s P nn & as early as the weather and stato of applying long manure, but such is the 
dry, and in no case subject to stagnant water. ' ^ 0 g roui1 ' WI a*, mit, (applvino a good difference in the methods adopted by dif- 
A field that is gently sloping to the north to p dressing of manure before commencing,) ferent farmers in saving, and consequently 
and east is preferable, as the ground will 15 an in,Il8 P ensaI)le labor - . Man Y kin(ls of; tho quality, and also tho different methods 
to notico the matter in tho manner intended, 
however, our sample was abstracted from 
paring 3,000 acres, reclaimed from the sea, tromo temperatures prevailing every day. 
for tho same object. It also speaks of the Rollin S land is Icss liable to blights, than flat, 
extent of flax manufacture in this country, bollou 1 , 1110 ) 8 . 
tho premises, (probably by some kind, in- extent of flax manufacture in this country. 0 °. ' ao ' s ' . , , , „ I growth, and if too many are growing 
vestigating friend,) and hence wo can only b oui companies, in this State, Massachusetts 1 1 C . U °! n m U10p< ? 0 ^ en< 1 1 ,l ! hill, they should bo trimmed out. T 
speak of it from recollection, and give such and Connecticut, are already engaged in the ^°^ IK S 1 e ^! 0 ” CC ° T 10p W 1 s °. f lc < f pt 1 healthy, vigorous plants aro enough for 
facts from the circular in regard to its prep- manufacture of linen thread,-and a com- ot \ or 3 fe i et ~ bufc Wlth American farm- hn] * 
aration as appear most noteworthy,—in con- P an > T has recently been organized to manu- G ™> t 10 l!sual C0UrS0 . 1S t0 plow dce P- and The ncxt i mpor tant part of tho lab< 
nection with a few ideas suggested by tho bicture linen fabrics at Pall River, Mass., . 0r0U ° I, ' GnS ? 16 !°* i P. dressing the vines, and putting up the p< 
use is made of woolen rags, and the waste but would advise all to thoroughly test the 
of woolen manufactures. The plants will : matter themselves. My practice lias been 
require much care at this period ot their j to keep large quantities of straw in the 
general subject. 
Tho sample of Flax Cotton alluded to, as 
well as others ive havo seen, so nearly re¬ 
sembled ordinary Cotton as to he easily mis¬ 
taken for it by a casual observer. It is found, 
however, on a critical examination, to have 
with a capital-of $500,000. All these and in S and the uso of tho steel-tooth cultiva- 
similar companies depend more or less on 
European countries for supplies of flax straw. 
The pamphlet also embraces an interest- 
It is the custom in Europe to trench all ! and if *°° man y arc S rowin | in a stables d hav « the last winter been experi- 
ounds designed for hop fields to the depth b,11 » tbe y should ho trimmed out. Three j menting a little on tho English method of 
2£ or 3 feet,—but with American farm- 1 >y ’ V ‘ S ° r0US P ;lIKS aro enou S h lor 0110 J “ box feeding.”) and in tho yards; enough if 
s, tho usual course is to plow deep, and . . j possible to absorb all the liquid manure.— 
orougly pulverise the soil bv cross-plow- . 1 10 ne ^ lm P ortan t P art of the labor is j This manure I uso early in the season on 
y and the uso of the steel-tooth cultiva- * r ^ 3Sin " tlie ViI10S > and P uttin g li P tb « P 0,e8 > j fallows intended for wheat, being governed 
tor. Some practice subsoiling, which in “ bu t as these operations reqiure much at- ] somewhat as to the quantity used by tho 
clay subsoil would bo tho best method. An * on * , ° n > tb « proce^es will ho detailed m quality of the grain and quantity of straw 
old meadow forms a good site for a hop an,lt u 1 ai t,c ^ j pi educed by the previous crop of wheat 
another article. 
ing account of tho opening of'Chevalier gr0 , This « h '™' d be P 1<>wod “ 
ClaoWs Flax Works at Stepney, England, mi . h6 ”„, r “" p '°” d a " d w0 , rlt , ed m * 10 
„_j - ,. v . spring. I he addition of quick limo to de- 
f ,1 n <■. . aiAixii”. jLiit: auuiiiun ui tiuiuiv 1U11U UO- -- 
a more fibrous appearance, indicating great- ‘ d of ^e process of manufacture. Ac- str0y any worm8 that might bo in the Bod bers of tho Rural wo find some judicious 
er strength and durability. Its texturo is c . 1 in g t0 this authority tho process occu- wou pi be an excellent precautionary meas mark s relative to the application of long ma- piled up and covered with muck, leached ash 
soft and cottony, and proves that it can be F e8 only two or three days at the longest wcll as ftn au J u to ^ nure for corn and other spring crops. V '.^-‘ .. 
as easily spun as any other preparation. % tb « old method as many months and En nsh growers recommend from 150 to 200 to tho farmer is a » important subjects 
riiougii the fact is not stated, we presume som J ) imes UlC0 as man ^ was required. bushels to the acre . The bop „ TOund sbould one, as is very justly remarked, which is i 
the sample was prepared by Mr. E. G. Rob- I be following estimate of the cost of pro- be weJ1 manured be f ore planting well understood by farmers generally. I 
erts, one of tho proprietors of tho right in duction and value of the article, is given.— " _ , . , . / "" . there aro so many things to be taken ii 
this country, who exhibited a machine in op- I lax straw, which is put down at $10 per . ( " m => em n 1113 prcpaiet, it next CO nsideration when coarse manure is appl 
eration at our last State Fair,—and who, by ^ on > can generally bo obtained at a much ^ S necossai) to set oi t ic giound in that it is extremely doubtful whether a 
tho way, then and there convinced many lower rate,—andean perhaps be profitably r put mg out t ciioung op plants. rules can bo formed which it will he s 
skeptics of tho practicability of tho process, grown in this country for $5 : . el '° ar ° ™ ct ods m vogue tor lay- tQ rol n in aU cases y et it wo , 
LONG MANURE FOR SPRING CROPS. ^ own U P 011 tho bind. This manure is 
_ plowed under as soon as hauled out and 
Messrs. Editors :—rn some lato num- spread—plowing from ten to twelve inches 
hers of the Rural w r e find some judicious re- deep. What manure remains in tho yard is 
bushels to tho acre. The hop ground should 
be well manured before planting. 
well understood by farmers generally. But 
This, C8 > or the scrapings of the yard, (which is clay- 
t and °y>) or earth, and used in the fall if possible, 
s not and plowed in on land intended for corn 
But and other spring crops. If not used in the 
t? ^ • v. • ai i -a . there aro so many things to be taken into Pad - it is hauled out in the winter, and nut 
Every thing being thus prepared, it next . , , J , , ’ 1 . 
‘ consideration when coarse manure is applied in lar ge heaps and covered ready for use m 
becomes necessary to set oft tho ground in . , , , , „ , , , 1 * i ., . T J ■ 
d f ... v t , , that it is extremely doubtful whether a set the spring. Linus Ccixi 
eptics of the practicability of the process, grown in this country for $5 : . Pb oie aio two methods in vogue lor lay- 
The pamphlet states that we have hither- ^ ve of Flax straw, at gio,.gso.oo ni - ° llt a bo p fi< ld.^ Um in squaies, 
, , , . | Ingredients employed, lulior and interest on Capital W1 tn tno I’OWS running each way at ri'dlt 
.r.,,,-. v X invested,. 00,00 
| to been dependent on foreign importations 
J toi supplies of both raw and manufactured snonn in a annavn j? . ... uuu mo n»uii tueu «aijc- 
Fbix.—and alleges as a reason, that the im- ° neton of Cotton, nt i0e. per lb.2oo’oo . ^ ^ J ' o u 11 3 rience more frequently. 
, , . „ -witn one m the centre. I he advantage of , , 1 J , 
menso amount ot labor required to prepare Profit on one ton, .»9o,oo this will be that the cultivator can be r Among tho reasons why a set of rules 
it for spinning or weaving, has been such as is averred that in England, where they closer to the hill and as it makes ono add' COuld n<)t fje foi ' rn °d that would apply in all 
to preclude the possibility of our producing have to pay at tho rate of $15 to $20 per t ; ona i r0 w-way, the ground is not oidv stir” CaS ° S ' ar ° thc great difference in the com- 
it to advantage in competition with the cheap ton for straw, tho cost of production is only red cIoso to ca ^ b )(do wbk . h ig ag “ “ j r ' position of soils and tho equally great dif- 
labor of Europe. Tho Claussen ]>rocess six cents, and the market value of it in the p i a nt as anv hor^e implement can .H 0 *” . !i° Terence in tho composition of what is called 
dispenses with nearly the whole of this pro- prepared state is 12 cents pr. lb.,—leaving a tbem bu t most of tho ir round 1 is^'i'°-' l0ng manuro ' Lon S uianure is generally 
liminary labor;—“ both straw and seed are profit of 100 per cent. t ■ ’ , _ , . f. . IS 6 understood to be what accumulates from a 
One ton of Flax Cotton, at 10c. per lb.,. 
Profit on one ton,. 
, r , 1 , b 8 F l of rules can bo formed which it will be safe 
there ai*e two methods in vogue tor lay- , , ,, . 
• „ „ n , j ~ J to roly upon in all cases. Yet it would 
ing out a hop field. One is in squares, 
. 1 . ’ materially aid us in arriving: at correct con- 
with tho rows running each way at ri.o-ht , . x „ 6 ' , . 
angles , tho other in quineunx, or five hills » te ™S ™' dd ««• «■> 
in a souaro.—siinnlv. a sonar,, of f,... tho "' opimons and tho rc8ult tba ‘ r “I’ 0 ’ 
Troy, Oaldand Co., Mich., 1852. 
rience more frequently. Mr. Moore:— Perhaps some of your read- 
Among tho reasons why a set of rules I ers may think I painted tho life of the Prose 
THE PROSE AND POETRY OF FARMING. 
BY A FARMER’S WIFE. 
II. — POETICAL FARMING. 
Mr. Moore: —Perhaps some of yourread- 
could not be formed that would apply in all Farmer in tints too sombre for the realitv ; 
cases, are the great difference in the com- I only aimed at tho truth. I now turn with 
and the equally great dif- pleasure to contemplate rural life in a inoro 
deposition of what is called attractive aspect. 
Long manure is generally The scientific'man of wealth, or tho re- 
e what accumulates from a tired merchant, becoming weary of tho tur- 
equally valuable, and the old mode of pull- In conclusion we may remark that tho maximum 
twice, and some of it three times. 
ig , , . - , . - -m distance at which the hills should f arnler ’« stabI e s a »d in the barn yard during moil of a city fife, and disgusted with tho 
(g, mg can ho substituted by mowing or by tho statements of this circular, and information be set will he regulated by the power of tlu- ^ wmter ' J3ut thcre 16 a S reat difference artificial manners of the society by which 
)|j reaping machine.” Hence tho crop must derived from other sources, confirm us in soil for producing a lar<m orowth'and l"> in the composition and value of that which he is surrounded, shrinks from exposing 
i <ij become of great importance in this country, tho opinion heretofore entertained, if not minimum distance by tho room re'uired to accumulatcs in ono farmers yard during his children to the contamination of an at- 
The pamphlet next alludes to tho best fully expressed, in regard to the practica- keep the ground clean. Taking ' • s tbe wmt er, and that which accumulates in mosphere rife with moral and physical cor- 
I; methods of culture, and cites tho experi- bility of the Flax Cotton project. Wo have a good medium distance and an acre will tb o yard of another in the same time. In ruption. He looks about him for a place of 
|| ence of English and Scotch farmers. A been somewhat cautious in giving credence admit of 1,194 hills in the quincunx order one case [t woul d be highly beneficual to ap- refuge, where he can breathe the pure air 
\l| black loam, with a sand or clay subsoil, is or publication to speculations on the subject, and 1 034 in tho ‘ ° ( I d - y u in lar go quantities to a spring crop, of heaven, and enjoy life in a manner more 
(Jj black loam, with a sand or clay subsoil, is j or publication to speculations on the subject, and 1,034 in thc square. 
j| considered the best for its growth. Deep but the more we have seen and read, the Having the ground regular 
piv ii in no go quantities to a sprung crop, oi neaven, ana enjoy me m a manner more 
hut in another it would he detrimental to congenial to His refined taste. He fixes his 
] flowing and thorough cleaning are essential, stronger has been our opinion in favor of a p j u stuck where each hill is to be planted 
Many consider I lux to be a very ex- the business. 1 he facts already before the the husbandman is ready for the next impor- 
hausting crop, yet English and Scotch far- public prove that it is far from being a vis- tant step—putting out the plants. Plants 
mers havo found by experience that it does ionar y scheme,—a temporary wonder and are obtained from the vines of the former 
not impoverish the soil near so much as speculation. On the contrary, there is every years growth, after the crop has been gath- 
wheat”—but our readers will bear in mind prospect that it will succeod, and ultimately 0 red. These are usually set in the" hop 
that their system of culture, and rotation, is P rove of immense benefit to the people of ground, though it is the practice in some 
quite different from that generally pursued : the Northern, Middle and Western States— districts to put them out for a year on a 
Having tho ground regularly laid out, and , ”, T , " w no axes ms 
a pin stuck where each hill is to be planted u ° * ? C "£ tho re ‘ ? n tho d J mam of the F “™er, 
the husbandman is ready for the next impor- sult wo ^ ld be entirely d.fiorent when some who has enriched his soil with the marrow 
tant step-putting out tho plants Plants ! ° k C ?T° m . an y r ° WG ? ^ whether ° f lus bones ’ tiU he is no lon g e1 ’ ab lo to cul- 
aro obtained from the vines of the former T ‘ S ' X * ’"A f S ° !1 ° 1 ' tW ° lve tlVat ° U himself or direct tho Ia bors of oth- 
years growth, after the crop has been gath- '? 0heS 5 ° I ! e . CaS 1 C lfc ^° ul< . bc a to erP ' At . a S lance ’ tho observant man sees 
ered. These aro usually set in the hoc ' "r Cr ° P ’ aiU ? f 1 *® ° tnCr lt WOuld mjUre !t ltS capabllities and becomes the purchaser, 
e-round though it i<n tl, A BnnH,,, i Lct mc ex P Iain * 0no farmer kee P 8 bis An intelligent foreman and efficient labor- 
in America. I lax can bo raised annually on ad ding millions ot dollars, annually, to tho good pieco of ground, to root, from which H 11 ((( > -° iat 
the poorest description of soil, provided it value of their products and manufactures, they are set the second year’ The bedded from litter dann g 
is manured with thc excrements of animals And yet wo would not urgo farmers to go sels> as they aro called, are not so liable to ™ a >' have sta b| es ai 
fed on flax-straw and oil-cako, or oil-feed into thc cultu ™ of flax, except on a small die , and require less number to a hill three ° 
mucilage.” This looks reasonable, and ex- scale > or as an experiment, until tho “good be ing sufficient, while of tho cuttings it is ! straw to u8e tor 
periments will probably prove its correctness, time coming,” now indicated, is a reality.— not safe to plant less than five Tho cut- 1 P,- " bUt ' 
The result of an English farmer's experi¬ 
ence in flax-culture is thus given :—Quantity 
of seed sown to the acre, 2\ bushels. Pro¬ 
duce, 20| bushels of seed, and 2£ tons of 
straw, per acre. It is added that 22 bushels 
of seed, and 2£ tons of straw, are not con- 
The question, however, will probably be 
pretty definitely settled during the present 
season, by experiments in both the culture 
tings, however, aro in general uso, as it re¬ 
quires less time and expense than the sets. 
In putting out hop plants, it is necessary 
tho ciop, and in tho other it would injure it. Its capabilities and becomes the purchaser. 
Let me explain. Ono farmer keeps his An intelligent foreman and efficient labor- 
stock in an open yard, and stints them in ers are employed, and tools of the most ap- 
their feed, so that the yard is ontirely free proved construction procured to carry on tho 
from litter during tho winter. Another various operations of the establishment._ 
may have stables and sheds for all his stock, With ample means, judiciously invested, so 
but ho raises little grain and has hut little as to insure the best returns, it soon becomes 
straw to use tor litter. The third (liko a pattern farm. 
myself) has but a small farm, and has Hero the finny beauties of our ponds and 
found it more profitable to raiso grain than rivers have a home prepared for them, whore 
to keep stock: being so located that ho can- they are fed by tho hand of kindness and 
not advantageously exchange his straw for petted till they actually dovelopo a dogroe of 
and manufacture of flax. Meantime we to have male plants among the female which m ^ nurQ ’ but is com P ell « d to convert the intelligence, truly astonishing-as will al- 
shall endeavor to keep our readers advised hoar the crop. To secure the best cro > h > Straw ot ten or twelvo hundred bushels of most every living thing under tho magic 
in regard to the progress and success of a T mln nlmte c C1 ° P ’ 10 g r;dn annually into manure, and has but touch of kind treatment. 
sidered a heavy yield in England. In the m0 '^ meilt which promises immense benefit tonth hill-with the addition of a number 
male plants should be set as often as everv ' + ^ + i t , c , ’ \ . ‘ 
Mil .r 1 ! ten or twcl ve head of horses and cattle, and 
same connection it is stated that a farmer in 
Preble county, Ohio, raised last year G3 
bushels of flax-seed on three acres and ten 
rods of ground,—or a trifle over 22£ bush¬ 
els per aero. 
to the country. 
LIMIT OF DIFFERENT GRAINS. 
Barley and oats are cultivated farther to 
the north than any other of the cereal plants. 
of extra hills on tho side of the field from • . !* . _ „ . 
which thc prevailing winds Wow. fZ \ * f thd made mah f ootra °! 3om0 " lodOT “ *» «>e 
. 6 by the two former might be used liberally tiny Bantam of Java,—brought together to 
luring the first year the soil between tho and to great advantage for corn, or other strut their briof hour in a magnificent poul- 
llls should bo worked, for which purpose spring crops, still it would depend somewhat try-yard, for tho pleasure and amusement 
may ho planted to beans, potatoes, or oven upon tho depth that it was buried in the I of their keepers ; while their aquatic corn- 
one hundred sheep to assist him in doing it. 
You may find hero, too, domestic fowls 
of every nation and feather, from the “ Bra- 
To provo that there is no fear of over | ^ ext follows rye, then wheat, corn and rice, corn_thniwh kttflr ip ani , * . . , , Tl r 7 -- 
hills should be worked, for which purpose 
it may bo planted to beans, potatoes, or oven 
Britain T.-<Uanr! nni-r 1 KB Ann . ., ,i , . , . , - er n was a wee or a ary one. Hut to use that me lamily, consisting: of wife sons and 
of flax annually wherJas the man’uf ictures 8ai d that barle y is harvested m S!X weeks growth. The cultivation necessary to per- made by the latter in such largo quantities daughters, unite with the husband and fatl- 
Z T? e ' S »7fore.gMwnters con- fee a crop of beans, will be all the hops as recommended by Mr. Boot, could not er. and enter with tost into all hi, plan, for 
700 ooo3, It addZw P , sidor that, in a general view, neat to wheat, will require, and tho manuro, which should in any case be of much benefit to tho crop, improvement. The Hereford, the Aidor- 
given by English Flax Cotton‘Zmp'mies alwoysjio applied, will insure a good growth and in most cases it would be decidedly in- noys, and Ayrsl, ires may be see’n grating on 
^ StrhastdZed ZTttfrt le ZfftT . *“ “* ** ^ ‘ h ». ^ "iU put iZZ th“ rZy m 
double the nimnf’t f i ,. e .° C “ ^ eis rom w oat, as it contains more out more or less vinos, which should be applied to the acre, increasing the amount pour their treasures into the polished nail 
St^r tyotgroundgenerallyde - 8 ta 7 h r ie r gi r b and about w ° 7 of trai r dtoapoia Bedded ^ ^ ^ 
Some estimates are given in regard to the ^ CChan,1 ° matt0r T Hen ? e ’ Induce a small crop the first summer. In one where one-half the quantity that he golden rolls of delicious butter to enrich tho 
profits of tho flax cron ba~ed°of com- f! U ° ° r pu ^ p ® ses ' Its use for autu " in > after the vines have died down, it used, reduced the amount of the crop one- hospitable table of tho happy mistress, who 
upon tho in^'^tioTS'T;^ this purpose is ascribed to the inventive will be well to cut them off, and make a fourth. The difference in the result in these sometimes lends a hand in fashioning the 
ausson pro- poiveis of the Egyptians. t. e. w. small mound of earth over the hill to secure two cases w c as no doubt caused by tho dif- various delicacies afforded by the dairy.— 
