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VOLUME III. NO. go. > 
ROCHESTER, N. Y -THURSDAY, MAY 13, 1851 
Slorirultural JilElUlrttnmt | vil,esareUe<1 ‘° a pole,and the others out | DEAINI5G to. tram KILI2D WHEAT. | that has obtained a good root to thetoll.- 
a r lUU1UU1 - away, as too many provent the growth of j . . . --.. .. And this is accomulishod in lota time the 
PROGRESS -VXD IMP ROVEtRENT. 
..a,,.,, uouj u,u -- And this is accomplished in less time than 
huso, mature hops. The field will require fr0 , m ‘ ho adless of S«.r° B e fc genOTallj[ „ ^ when sown „„ a 
*! WHOLE NO. 124. 
MOKE ABOUT RATS. 
Eds. R ural:— Last year in your paper, and 
hers, I noticed the trouble many have had 
PLANTING AND CULTURE OF HOPS. 
Wk offered last week under this heading ped from the vines for two feet from the ™ lu “ble to the practical agriculturist than the depth of eighteen inches before the set testing to the readers of the Ri ru/ The 
sue!) suggestions as occurred to us, accom- bottom, it will better admit the air to the 18 otten foundin 80 brief as P^o. The views ti in of winte * Thig facfc ’ bag b n mischief these marauders do is great • this 
panied with notes of experience from prac- crown of the root, and make it more con- thcro ex P ressed > accord 80 nearl y with m y tained by an examination of the plant when is evident > and aI1 that have anything for 
tical hop growers, in reply to those who have venient to dig about them. During the own long since termed, and m part put in n on a „ ood deo psoil This method of rats to eat. are fhmiliar with their dejreda- 
asked information on this subject through summer culture the addition of good ma- practice, that I cannot but recommend them (lrahli wiU nyt only prevent wheat from tioTls - 1 am, for one. Last season the ras- 
the columns of the Rural. nure, or some fertilizer like guano, will be * ho carohl consideration of every one be * iniurpd but wi f 1 ' . cvcnt th , cals stole from my poultry yard sometwen- 
Since the publication of that article we advisable. hat ,s engaged in the cultivation of a wet or whic | gh J ould al fol J ovv wh J r J m be _’ ty chickens and ten ducks, besides robbing- 
have been favored with a communication I ho hop plant is not free from enemies, . acous soil. I refer more particularly at • tbrown out / tJ f t b ’ . r ray hens’nests. 
from Mr. Ira Brainard, of Madison county, and the attacks of insects and maladies in this timo ’ to what the writer says in regard wintcr *" ' * 1 cnbUin ^ j have tr * lccl var j ous wayg tf) 0 . et rJd of 
He says, the land for hops should bo that the course of its growth. The earliest dep- *° tho f use ^ hoat being destroyed by It * 1)0 Raid , gomo tl t alt , h them, sprinkled arsenic on bread and butter, 
wh.ch will not heave by the frost, and very redator. is the wire worm or grub in the the ™ ntcr ’ and also to the method pointed tho h dminintr d ’ anJ th(m * heat upon a snare drum, (in the cellar.) to 
tained by an examination of tho plant when ' s ev ‘ dcn ‘> and ak that have anything for 
grown on a good deep soil. This method of ™ ts to eat ‘ aro ^miliar with their depreda- 
draining will not only prevent wheat from t!ons ‘ ^ arr L f° r one. Last season the ras- 
being injured, but will prevent the clover. ca1s s . tole from n b v poultry yard sometwen- 
which should always follow wheat, from be- * y chickens and ten ducks, besides robbing 
ing thrown out by the frost tho ensuing my liens ’ nc f t8, 
winter. f have tried various ways to got rid of 
which will not hoave by the frost, and veru redator. is the wire ivorm or <>rub in the •'he winter, and also to the method pointed ,, , . . . ‘ Y somo, o u a t mug i 
rick. This should bo well cultivated, the root. Tho n.ost effectual way of destroying <™‘ «> I^ent that evil. cZaf ’ Tv . ‘ T , 'TT') 
hills set seven or eight feet apart, with five these is to dig into the hill and kill them.— Ir ° says, “if tho surface is wet at that f nnn }„>; no . thrnwL urn "i 
or six pieces of root, or cuttings to a hill, A good trap is made by slices of potato or 8ca? on of the year when tho nights and days 
one piece in the centre, and tho other four turnip, buried near tho root of the vino, to aro alternately thawing and freezing, tho 
about two inches from it on each side. This ho examined two or three times a day. The w,ie at plant is destroyed in consequence_ 
requires about a bushel of cuttings, which worms preferring them to hop roots, will ‘winter killed,’ as it is called. This result 
cultivation may prevent tho wheat plant t ? 1e tun f °* t!l ° rogue’s march, &c., having 
from being thrown out and killed, it will not edect ‘ 0n °o I took a half barrel cask, 
prevent its being “smothered” by tho deep m ' nus one head, filled it half full of water, 
snows of winter. I am aware, that it is gen- drew tight over the top a sheep skin, (such 
erally believed, that a great depth of snow as aro used for drum - heads.) When it 
tion. i tie first business is to open the hills, many efficient protectors against these en- 18 't that draining is so generally neglected ? b „ , 1 
and prune from them all the runners or omies of the hop. Birds should be encour- Doubtless, it is because wheat growers do 10 su "’. an so wu standing water under a 
cuttings, and old vines. * This is an import- aged rather than driven away, and care, at- n ot generally believe in its efficacy. For if S q°' V /- n , , n a8certainod tiiat 
ant operation and should bo done with care, tention and cultivation will do much to they do, why is ic that tho injurious effect 7! xoa ^ * s '> ed under tho snow, where 
and if possible by an experienced hand.— overcome all obstacles. that tho winter has upon tho wheat plant ie01 can p..ss quic - y iom the surface 
Ascertain evj.et.lv where the PL-L-fi.r -1 i_ iq sn eftnn « n „Un At... _...t.:.f and trom tho soil, but is only killed where 
close to the crown, from whence the best and perienco, particularly upon any point that times t0 another—to too much dry,freezing , _ ,, . ‘ 
most fruitful vines come. If cut off too has escaped our notice. weather—too much freezing and thawin^ * Im * ^ 
snows of winter. I am aware, that it is gen- drew over the top a sheep skin, (such 
erally believed, that a great depth of snow as aro used for drum - heads.) When it 
remaining long upon tho ground will prove thoroughly dry I cut it from the cen- 
destructive to the wheat, and that there is tre four ways two-thirds tho way across, and 
no way to prevent it. But from tho closest s P rinkl °d meal over it. In getting on this 
observation, continued for many years. I am t0 eat mea h down they went splash into 
compelled to believe that it is the water that f* 10 water > no getting out to tell tho rest to 
causes the injury, and not the snow, and keC P away » tor the door was shut. Soon, in 
that the water may be so directed as to be a ^° CS anot hor; and in this may I caught five 
benefit rather than an injury to the plant. * n . 0nc ni ght- Last summer I purchased a 
“Standing water will prove fatal under a W ’ re hox-tnip, placed it in my collar and 
hot sun,” and so will standing water under a cau ^ fc ' n at onc t ’ rr,0 > fourteen rats, 
snow drift. It has been ascertained that ,Sa >' 8 ono > “thats a fish story; no, it’s a rat 
wheat is not killed under tho snow, where 8t0ry ’ and true ever y word ot ' it- Perhaps 
the water can pass quickly from the surface &t SOm ° futuro timo > ( tor tJl e benefit of those 
and from tho soil, but is only killed where wh ° ar ° not Ya iikees at guessing,) I may 
the surface is dishing or flat, or where tho ted ^ ovv ^ 10 was done, 
surface drains are so far apart that a con- i iasfc w ‘ nter tbo thieves began to ho 
siderable quantity of water accumulates on a t0 ° * rce w ‘ tb m >' Talman Sweeting 
the surface before reaching a channel to a Pl de s to suit me, and I tried the trap again. 
course, and lead it away. 
One was foolish enough to get into it after 
close to the crown tho vines come weakly Hops have recently brought a very high to ° muc h or too little snow; and one writer • • , ie a ,,ne ’ ’- tx i 
and few, and it cutoff above the first joint, price, which may induce many farmers to ‘ n tho Rural last year, charged it to rail °P inio ffi las cen u >n u m< u >y the 
which will sometimes be the case if particu- begin their cultivation. It is not to be sup- fences. That rail fences, and what many cnec ° s,n c »teen years, during whit 
lar attention is not given, the vines will be posed the price now obtained can be long seom to consider their necessary appendages, ' T,! ot surlilce drainage here 
thrifty growers, but coarse, hollow or pipey, sustained, anl those commencing culture would be destructive to animals if approach- m . eil ‘ e ‘; ,a8 b ® cn _ substantially to 
and unproductive. This pruning does not should base their calculations on much low ed too closely, there is little doubt. But ^ 1 a JCW oxceptions, and the resi 
require as much skill as it does care and at- er figures, so as to insure against disappoint- that a good, clean, well-kept rail fence ever , Klt the w “ cat has uniformly e 
tention. While the hills aro open, and this ment and loss. t caused the destruction of tho wheat plant • 1C ravages of wmter, botli fi omtr 
work progressing, is the best time to work ---is what 1 have vet to learn freezing and thawing, and from deep 
in rotten manure, which the plants will now DRAINING AND ITS BENEFITS. 1 Am_u r u_ , and that too, on land where much win 
need. 
The truth of the above, briefly expressed a bt *do toasted clieeso to eat with his apples. 
opinion, has been cjnfirmed by the experi- ^ t00 ^ out b y tb o nape of tho neck, cat 
once of seventeen years, during which time laS * don ’ cr0 PP ed his ears, docked, singed, 
tho method of surface drainage, here recoin- and tarred and feathered him, and put him 
mended, has been substantially followed hack into the cellar again. After that they 
with a few exceptions, and the result has ^ apples alone, and I have not been 
been, that the wheat has uniformly escaped trou h led since. In tho mean time, I have 
the ravages of winter, both from* frequent ago ° l1 cat t0 heI P me > which a11 house keep- 
.. . 1 nrj a'Anlrl A r\ ^ 1- -- 
iruu/aug etna uiawiug, ana irom aeep snows, 
and that too, on land where much wheat was 
Although [ hare been engaged, like other destroyed before tho method of draint 
tarmers, m the different departments of farm _i T ^ 
‘ ... . We hope no wheat-grower will fail to road farmers, in the different departments of farm was adontpd 
After tins spring dressing has been com- Mr. Cone’s valuable article in the present husbandry, yet that part that relates to Troy, Oakland 
Linus Cone 
ploted the hops will bo ready for the recep¬ 
tion of tho poles. It is best to set three 
poles to a hill, where a large growth is an- 
number, headed “Draining vs. Winter Kill- vv heat growing has claimed more than a due 
ing. Mr. 0. has had much experience in 8 haro of my attention, and there is no one 
raising this crop, and his success shows that h ic ^ that is more firmly established in my 
Troy, Oakland Co., Mich., 1852. 
ers would do well to keep. 
Samuel Eaton. 
little Utica, Onondaga Co., N. Y., April, 1852. 
CUTTING UP VS. PICKING CORN. 
EXPERIMENTAL FARMING. . M ; E8sRS - Editors :—My anti-“ book farm- 
- ing has perhaps attracted moro attention 
In No. 27 of our last volume we copied from our Washington county and Buckeyo 
Si tiriivitofi thrmnfi in . , . P ouuws , . J —^ 111 ^ wo copieu rrom our \vasnmgton county and Buckevo n 
<|l part * use’is made of but hu ° Tl ■ ° "T 10 * U U> ' undorstands th o subject. The past j ™ ,nd ’ than tha t the thorough drainago of a an article from the Pa. Farm Journal gj-. ing friends than it deserved. However some- 11] 
?li aro from twelve to twon tv fofltl wmtei ' has been very severe upon the wheat c ' la y°y 80ll > accompanied with deep and some experiments made by Mr. Stavely of thing may be gained by us inexperienced 
i| Tanru-ick and sn-np ntl ? ^ ^ ^i’ P Iant In ma ny sections, and in a recent visit t l0r °agh cultivation, will effectually protect Bucks Co., in plowing down green com as a farmers bv devoting a few thoughts to this 
[\\ ’ t ? theC ° UntryWe n ° tic0d that invar iably • he wheat plant from tho evil effects of the manure. The field on which the experiment subject. *Notwithsfanding 
bein' lightest and least liable to ducav ^ thoSefidds ^ h,ch most needed d raining were winter and trom other evils equally destruct- was tried contained forty-seven acres-part I am still committed to the economy (every 
^ decay.- most injured by the severity and length of 1V « to the crop. But that thorough and of a farm which had been rented for more thing considered ) of leaving: cornstalks 
?} but will* he (Vr" ! ff 1 'ecommoncenient, the winter. The philosophy of this is well systematic drainago will ever bo practiced than ten years, and had become, as most ront- where they grow especially in this latitude 
1 USe * • L ?? d llld y explained in the extract from Mr. to any considerable extent, by a largo ma- ed farms do, very much worn and impoverish- A colder cLat , with lo e sn w ^St 
I Jo ItlSn ’ 0 P C t0 tOC aCr ° ; Wlth H" add — referrcd to by Mr. C. l-ty of farmers, until the “ wont pay” the- ed. Ten acres of this field was sowed with change my views, ihough wo sometimes have 
.Since Wire ha- boo,, co e ti . i Drauun g " l]1 P rov o beneficial in another 1S ex P Iodod ’ 18 hardly to be expectod. corn in July, at tho rato of two bushels per snow near two feet deep, 
fj for fonoo If h-.cDo,, * \ < |\ S , 9 U - ' US( , M respect, in such a spring as tho present.— ‘ fc is not absolutely nocossary to acr e, loft to grow until about four feet Neither tho “ Buckeye Farmer” nor “A 
II bo employed to mlvantmm Inchon culture 8 — ^Z^ 0 ”® 88 of tlv> season renders k panic- thoroughly underdrain the soil, in order to high, and then plowed under about ten inch- Subscriber ” deny that much labor is saved 
I In that case the rows wo ild l.o it,- Ilf i U ar \‘ ni P ortant that laiui he worked and prevent the winter from killing the wheat— es deep. No manure was put upon this part, by tho practice, but the latter thinks corn 
>\ I cou u bo plowed but ouo'wtv t ^ ^ p> epared tor crops at tho earliest practicable lC ca n bo done in a less expensive manner, hut tho remainder of the field was heavily cannot be husked so fast cn the hill unless 
i , !? k “ ^ Dargo posts moment. With tho very best of weather a The method that I have pursued with com- manured. * it bo topped. Those who have^ tried both 
wires are to be* stretched and fastened ^Tho 8 ° d ° n ' dl,ch Sarfaco wa *T k liabIe to staud . Pj ete 8uccess for many years, has been to The result, which we find in tho Farm ways will tell him they can husk faster when 
! vines can be spread and tied cn,-l, • Ct nnot be w orked as early by several days plow deep, and but once for a crop—to plow Journal for the present month, was, that the stalks aro untouched. And why ? Bo- 
I with ease and precision so that th > *h<T f S ° m ° tl ™ eS W ° eks ’ accordin g to its roten- always the same way of the field, and in the average yield of the ten acres was fully cause they are not afraid of hurting their 
i may be properly exposed to sun and air ° T m ° 1B . tUrG ~ aH ° ne fr0m which a11 ! a , nds tw ° 0, ‘ tllree rods wido - and fin- equal to that of the remaining thirty-seven, hands on the sharp points made by topping. 
Polos should be set firmlv in tl„> L„nH “P erti ? 0Ufl Water P a ? scs , read,1 y awa y— ^hing a land plow a deep furrow in the cen- and tho average of the whole field a little Those soon make the hands so sore that one 
mav ho nrnnnrb OT nns 0 .l . .... niiur mi- ^ wr tuu tniriv-seven, nanus on rno snarp points made bv tour 
Poles should be set firmly ^n the era \ 1 ^ P<3r U0US wator P asscs readil y away.— ishing a land, plow a deep furrow in the con- and the average of the whole field a little Those soon mako tho hands so sore that 
wicluho tailor^wiil.lwar.f silio'of ^ 7' f* P**} in •» « doacl torrow, and after the wheat b over thir.v-four bushels per acre. Mr. S. is compelled to work cautiously, while one 
the field particularly those to which tho * hewarmth and actlvlty of tbe sod m spring- put in then plow another furrow in tho same has brought his farm into a high state of can work among the standing stalks with- 
nrdc nlants aro tralnoH T, V * • * 6 , arising from these influences. He place, and clean it out with a shovel. This productiveness by the application of lime, out fear of bruises. The tandhm 
tTZ -ay work an elevated flew oroue -PI make a drain, or water furrow, some and green and other unite. The dour-’ fwisting, “ A Subscriber” would'fim^on t 
weather side of tho fiohl four Lilia •, ' vllIch 1S thoroughly drained with ease and j sixteen or eighteon inches deep betweon the nal says : “ There are thousands upon thou- not so bad a thing as mi<dit bo imaffinei 
Z Zll ‘ 1 / r r ' ” ' f Ce0SS> wl,Uo the lal ' or •’“‘"wed upon land lands when finished. No water should stand sands of acres in Pennsylvania, originally thore not . * ° 
S°.K r I f*. m . r0 ” fr r T 110 ond - « -«er « worse than to these furrows, but if the surface is so on- fertile, which have been reduced bv the Lii.f °P ortl .<> n » f 
tSSliZX: ^;tv° gnant Water iS **““ if .hosurft.ee is so un- ^ which have bee,,' reduced Cy the ^ ui 
I fUof frrtm tLcv i , . f, 111 1 o\vn away. o\en that the water will not run the whole skinning* system almost to exhaustion, and Wn Lon,, • .. • , , , 
I leet tiom the giound. placed horizontally ManurMimniinri+ec, , , v. . ... na\o been the most judiciously saved and 
I and fnrmmw a not oi r , "J - lanures applied to such sods cannot prove distance, it will be necessary to cut a drain which, by a judicious system of cultivation, oarAfnllv fW! ? t f, ... 
I anaroiminga not work of poles, which of- nf Uilf tlw voi..o „ i ■ , , u , ‘ , ., , , , . . J „ , , , . ■ . careiuuy lea out r I presume they will not 
I fprs Riiffiplnnf weeiot . , . . . , . halt the value which they would were it through the lands the other wav of the field, may be brought again to a remunerative de- m nnitA far k *1 ^ . 
| tors suthcient resistance to tho wind to sliel- drained nrnnorlv t,, a .• • ^ a,, . . . , . , , - „ , , J „ x ?.. ,f a , go quite so tar, and perhaps there may bo 
;| tor tho whole field, and has proved the said to lie a Hb ft ln f «‘. dran mg may bo This .s important.for it has been found that gree of fertility This ,s true of many more wasted, but when you count tho extra 
li y 1 , h0p8 r and Succcssful «-rntofc for there is no or eight'inches of the surface, tho whit they may soon fall into the hands of suet. . n V^’T; 
1 i ori.I-r, ,0m<!0 .b " ° r o°urso of culture or management which can would Be killed on a strip one or two rods farmers Its Mr. Staveut, or that their pres- I do it knot a! l7 k S fleld ' 
, I ornament, but are onntted as not being es- produce good f irm amn., a,. 1 i a i , i no not know as to the amount of damage 
ij cf>nB-,l g . ucc S 0011 tarrn ci ops on land so retell- " me on each sido of the furrow. ent possessors may awake to their improvo- ,in„ 0 kv klncakin e , T , , 
: Immediately after the poles are set, the Iho propeTstionlld tusTant Itrdoes ffeutni 1 ”!- dr0i " ing * “*"*■- cattle ha '» ‘“™od off as gid^beof fa 
I jn-omicl is plowed out both ways, and other- suffer when in winter crons or clover f,- m eluding keeping tho drains open du- Science must bo combined with practice July > aftcr a wintering on such stalks and 
wise cultivated to have it free from grass the severity and frequent chances of the ’ Tm and . Sprm «’ m this 7 a .y; *» a good farmer. Every cultivator straw, without any grain, 
and weeds. Not less than two of the best weather ° . . eet 1 Y ^ 1,llt8 pcr acr0 ’ an<1 W| H should exercise liis own judgment, and not Buckeye says,—“ If feed for cattle is the 
entirely prevent tho destruction of all wheat be guided solely b, the dint of others, object, I think I ean demonstrate that it is 
