154 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
w 
the very best economy to cut up corn.’ I 
have not designed to consider it in that 
light exclusively, for in this section wo gen¬ 
erally have stalks enough when left in the 
field, together with our straw, to keep all 
the stock through the winter that we can 
find pasture for during the summer; and 
there is no mistake but what stock will do 
well and grow on such keeping,—they have 
done so during the past inclement winter, 
even where they have not been housed or 
shel tered. 
As to corn being more sound, &c., I know 
soino claim it, but have yet to learn the 
philosophy. Corn needs plenty of air to 
keep sound and nutritious when cribbed; 
why not before ? 
Another thing, which I deem of consider¬ 
able importance, and which I lielieve has 
not been noticed by either of our friends. 
Where they are foddered out, much of their 
value as a manure must be lost; and what 
is returned cannot be so judiciously distrib¬ 
uted as if they bad not been moved. I am 
told that where they raise broom corn year 
after year, and leave the refuse stalks on 
the ground, it grows better without any oth- 
or manuring. Would not Indian corn ground 
managed in liko manner, do nearly as well ? 
If so, will it pay to harvest our stalks for 
their enhanced value as food for cattle ?— 
Considering it in all the points yet brought 
to view, my “good sense” tells me, No,— 
however much it clashes with with the pre¬ 
vailing opinion and common practice. But 
I am admonished that I should he brief, as 
well as Frank, 
Onondaga Co., N. Y., Marcli, 1852- 
ONCE HARROWING' 
There are many different modes of farm¬ 
ing, and »3 many different opinions as to 
their comparative value. Rut so far as re¬ 
gards the subject upon which I propose to 
make a few remarks; I can only say, I will 
give the readers of the Rural the theory 
and its result when put in practice. 
The ordinary mode of sowing grain, is to 
sow it broad cast, after the ground is prop¬ 
erly plowed and cultivated, then ply tho 
harrow both ways, Now, this I deem wrong, 
and not only that, but labor lost. I speak 
now more particularly c-f ground on which 
the drill is not used. Where land is plowed 
for grain—it matters not what kind,—it 
should bo plowed in furrows as uniform as 
possible—the grain sowed on, and the bar- 
row, (or the cultivator if you please,) should 
then bo thoroughly applied lengthwise of 
tho furrows. By this mode, when sown, tho 
grain falls principally into tho space between 
tho furrows, and the harrow, breaking the 
ridges of those furrows both ways, covers 
tho grain as deep as a cultivator or drill.— 
On land which is liable to heave out by tho 
frosts and rains of spring, this should more 
particularly be practiced. The wheat comes 
up in rows almost as regular as when drilled 
in. It is thought by many that the harrow 
will uncover more grain, by cross-dragging 
than it will cover. 
So far as regards this mode of planting 
grain, I speak from practice. I have tried 
this management to my entire satisfaction, 
and can justly say 5 I think an increase of 
profit to ariso therefrom—both from labor 
saved, and in the quantity of grain produced. 
And without any degree of hesitancy I re¬ 
commend this modus operandi to all who 
have not tried it; hoping they may find it 
perfectly satisfactory. c. w. h. 
Pern Yan, May G, 1852. 
PREPARING SEED CORN.-WIRE WORMS. 
CARROTS FOR MILCH COWS. 
In No. 6 of the present volume we pub¬ 
lished several experiments and opinions of 
noted eastern farmers upon the value of 
carrots for milch cows. We find in a late 
issue of the Now England Farmer, a com¬ 
munication from Col. Lincoln, of Worces¬ 
ter, giving the results of a trial made with 
a view to sottle tho question whether car¬ 
rots diminish or not the amount ol hay re¬ 
quired, or add particularly to tho amount of 
milk. lie says : 
“I requested Mr. Hawes, who has the su¬ 
perintendence of my farm, to take two cows 
then giving milk, as much alike as he could 
find them, ascertain what quantity of hay 
they were then eating, continue to them the 
same quantity of hay, but add to one of 
them a peck of carrots per day—that after 
a trial of a week to change the carrots to 
the other cow, to watch the effect carefully, 
and to report to me the result. Ho informs 
me that the milk of the cow eating carrots 
was increased one quart or more each day, 
on no day less than a quart, and on some 
days a littlo more; that the cow having hay 
alone, constantly eat up her whole allow¬ 
ance, and the one having carrots uniformly 
failed to do so, and this was the case with 
both cows while having the carrots—that 
each cow, when deprived of the carrots, at 
the close of each trial, fell off in her milk 
below the quantity given at the commence¬ 
ment, occasioned probably by their becom¬ 
ing dry preparatory to having their next 
calf, which is expected with both, about the 
first days of June next.” 
EOONOMIZE YOUR MANURES. 
Messrs. Editors :—As the time for plant¬ 
ing corn is at hand, I will state our method 
of preparing the seed for two years past.— 
We tar our corn by mixing a gill of tar to 
half a bushel of seed, and stirring faithfully 
in an iron kettle just warm enough to make 
tho tar run, before tho corn is poured in. 
After the whole is well coated, we add one 
pound of sulphur to the above named quan¬ 
tity, and again stir and mix the whole, until 
each kernel looks white, and then dry with 
plaster or ashes to prevent the corn from 
sticking together. 
It was first tried to prevent the wire worm 
from destroying tho kernel, and the first 
year it saved the crop, for a great many hills 
which we examined were well stocked with 
worms, yet not a kernel was touched that 
had sulphur on it. Last year there was only 
about two rods square destroyed by the 
worms; but it was black, mucky ground, 
where the damage was done. On the rest 
of our planting, no injury was done by the 
worms. Ono great benefit of sulphur is, it 
warms the root and gives life and activity 
to the young shoot, and the corn is not so 
liablo to turn yellow after it first comes up. 
Palmer B. Fox. 
Dry den, N. Y., April 2G, 1852. 
A cow bought for ten dollars, whoso milk 
but just pays her keeping, affords less profit 
than ono at thirty dollars, giving double the 
value of milk afforded by the former. 
Notwithstanding tho rapid progress 
which Agricultural science has made, there 
is one point which never has been, or is like¬ 
ly to be attained—we have yet to learn how 
to cultivate our lands successfully, without 
the aid of manure. Tho introduction of 
steam has wrought such an entire revolution 
in machinery, that we may reasonably in¬ 
dulge the hope that sooner or later it will 
be profitably applied to agricultural pur¬ 
poses. so fay as plowing and many other of 
the operations of tho farm are concerned. 
The electric telegraph has annihilated space 
and time—facilitated tho transmission of 
news, and materiaily changed the character 
of many important departments of trade. 
But neither steam nor the telegraph have 
yet been applied to the restoration of ex¬ 
hausted soils, or can supply those constitu¬ 
ents which continued vegetation in tho form 
of wheat, corn, oats, &c., annually take from 
them. There is no soil, however fertile it 
may originally be, that will, for any length 
of time, bear without partial, and often 
complete exhaustion, a system of uninter¬ 
rupted cropping. The deep, rich soils of 
the Western prairies, the fertility of which 
was at one time supposed to be inexhausti¬ 
ble—and to Avhich for the first eight years 
the application of manure is not only super¬ 
fluous, but prejudicial—now give unmistak¬ 
able evidence of the loss of productive 
power. Thousands of acres in Pennsylva¬ 
nia and New York thatonco yielded abund¬ 
ant crops, (but were robbed of their very 
life by improvident farmer,) and which are 
now regarded as waste lands; also, attest 
tho necessity of guarding against the f uture 
increase of this gradual, but certain dissipa¬ 
tion of our agricultural wealth. 
If then, manures are so vitally essential 
to the maintenance of tho fertility of our 
soils, is it not a matter of the highest im¬ 
portance for every man who has land to cul- 
ltivate, to make himself familiar with the 
nature—the best method of preparing—the 
most economical plan of securing—and the 
most profitable mode of applying them ?— 
The generality of farmers never look beyond 
the more products of the stable for their 
supply of this all important material. They 
appear to forget that they possess a thou¬ 
sand other sources from which fertilizing 
matter may bo procured in greater or less i 
quantities. This should never bo. Every 
farm should boast not only a well cared for 
barn yard manure heap, but also, a compost 
heap at every point where a sufficient 
amount of enriching matter to form one 
may be found. Let the farmer who relies 
wholly upon his stable manure reflect a mo¬ 
ment upon the vast amount of valuable or¬ 
ganic and inorganic material bo annually 
loses from want of a very little care and at¬ 
tention. If ho be a man of observation, ho 
cannot fail to perceive that bis carelessness 
in this respect, is a source of continued and 
very frequently, irreparable loss. At least 
one-half of tho inconvenience and losses 
which farmers sustain in meagre crops, and 
in lands, gradually, but certainly decreasing 
in value, are the effects of this improvidence. 
— Pa. Farm Journal. 
The editor of the Massachusetts Plowman 
says that there is a great difference in ox 
beef. A yellow ox. with long coai-se hair, al¬ 
ways makes tender beef, while the short-hair¬ 
ed and brown ox will make tough beef.— 
Also, an immense difference in breeds of 
hogs. The Berkshire breed is noted for 
making tough and stringy pork, while the 
Suffolk, and the Middlesex, and the Mack ay, 
are known to make pork remarkably tender 
and sweet. 
Cattle, says the Maine Farmer, are well 
known to thrive much better when currying 
is thoroughly performed ; and Dr. Benjamin 
Rush, in a letter upon the advantages of 
studying the diseases of domestic animals, 
states there is an improvement in the quality 
of the milk, and an increase in its quantity, 
which are obtained by currying tho cow. 
The white pine and the chestnut are the 
most valuable of our forest trees. They 
grow rapidly and their timber is more valu¬ 
able than any we have. 
STONE FOR FILLING DRAINS. 
My plan is to make underground drains 
whenever tho soil is too wet to grow a good 
crop of corn. I dig my drains as early in the 
spring as possible, and from two and a half 
to three feet deep. If the land is springy 
and there is considerable water to carry off 
I dig them two feet wide on the top and 18 
inches on the bottom, then select round cob¬ 
bles 6 inches thick, and lay them on each 
side of the bottom, then cover with fiat 
stone, then fill with small cobbles to within 
ten inches of the surface. This is what I 
term a drain with a throat. 
Where there is only surface water to car¬ 
ry oft' I dig 18 inches or two feet on the top, 
and only the width of a shovel blade at the 
bottom and tho samo depth as in the throat 
drain, then drive tho team on to the mead¬ 
ows, load up with stone and shovel them in¬ 
to the drain, using the small ones for tho 
bottom. 
When the drain is filled with tho stones, 
and that should not be done until the water 
has had a chance to drain off and the land 
become dry, I take the horses, scraper, and 
two hands beside myself, and place the hor¬ 
ses on the opposite side of tlio drain from 
which tho dirt has been thrown out, giving 
them chain enough to go forward and back 
about two paces, one drives and backs, two 
hold tho scraper, and in this way three men 
and team will cover more draining in one 
day than twenty men can cover with shovels. 
But stop ! you are behind the ago ! Wa¬ 
ter wont run through stone draining, says 
Mr. Theory ! You may make them answer 
one or two years but the mice and rats will 
fill them up. You had better keep up with 
the times if you area book farmer and send 
for tiles made at Waterloo, and drain with 
a small bore, and then tho mice and rats 
wont trouble you, for if they get into your 
tile they wont try it but once, for there is 
only one way to get out, that is to back out. 
Practice tells another story, and wishes to 
be heard on tho point. Every observing 
farmer knows that every stone heap on his 
farm has beaten roads through it at the bot¬ 
tom, and practice believes that every stone 
drain that is dry at any season of the year 
will be full of roads made by the mice, and 
when the floods come tho water will follow 
these beaten paths. 
More than ten years experience leads me 
lo believe that Theory in his reasoning is 
wrong. Tile drains for farmers that have 
no stone, but stone drains above all others 
where the stone are on the farm. We have 
ono vory strong argument in favor of stone 
drains, and that is, it clears our meadows of 
small stone, and forever hides them from 
mortal vision. Again they are not hauled 
into the corners of the fences or to the road¬ 
side to bo a harbor for all kinds of weeds.— 
Cor. JY. Y. Farmer. 
CELLARS. 
VALUE 01 PHOSPHATES IN AGRICULTURE. 
We wish to call the attention of the far¬ 
mer to the subject of cellars; not because 
wo suppose that all or many of our readers, 
arc in the habit of neglecting this most use¬ 
ful apartment; but because it is of the high¬ 
est moment both for health and convenience, 
Until a period comparatively recent, tho 
earth was looked upon as a “bounteous 
mother,” containing within her broad bosom 
an inexhaustible supply of fertilizing ele¬ 
ments, and needing but an annual cultiva¬ 
tion, to pour forth, under ordinary circum- 
that it should be cleanly to a fault. We ; stances, abundant and nutritious harvests, 
have somo reason to suppose, from actual ; And yet, practically, it was found that the 
observation, that thoro are many cellars, most prolific soils, even with a largo supply 
which have not been thoroughly cleansed of common manures, and attentive culture, 
since they became cellars, to ‘neglect to gradually lost thoir productive power, and 
remove all old and decaying vegetables, rot- yielded less and less to the acre. The ave- 
ten wood, and everything that by undergo- rage^wheat crop of the State of New York, 
ing decomposition may become offensive, is — 
one one of the most slovenly shortcomings 
of the husbandman. 
which, thirty years ago, was thirty bushels 
to tho acre has dwindled down to about 12 ; 
that of Ohio,'from thirty-five bushels to the 
Cellars should not only bo cleansed of i acre, has become fifteen; ami thero is no 
everything offensive, and boards, sticks, bar-| doubt that the productive powers ot the 
rels, tubs, not in immediate use, removed 
early in the spring, but they should be swept 
and white-washed; and by all means should 
lands in all the States, have generally suf¬ 
fered a similar diminution. “Worn out 
lands,” bocomo an alarmingly increasing 
bo well ventilated. There should be no term; and the spectacle of industrious far- 
cqb-webs, or dust upon the ceiling over¬ 
head. Floors should be kept dry and clean ; 
if it is sandy or gravelly, leached ashes will 
make a hard, durable and cleanly floor, but 
better still, is to flag with slato, where such 
stone abounds. They are easily cut and 
laid in sand. Two men will fit fivo hundred 
square feet in a day ; and the original cost 
of the stone on the spot is but a trifle over 
ono and a half cents per foot- We have 
mors, removing to the West, where they 
could find new lands to wear out, was by no 
means uncommon. 
At that day, it had never occurred to the 
tiller of the soil, that with every load of hay, 
corn, wheat or other products which he took 
from the ground, he carried away a large 
supply of those ingredients which aro es¬ 
sential to the growth of those particular 
crops; and although Nature, in her wonder ■ 
said this much upon the. subject, because it fill laboratory, was doing all in her power to 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
A house, for instance, is a thing to live 
iu— no t a thing to be looked at; and we go 
against any sacrifice of comfort or conveni¬ 
ence, for' tho sake of mere show. Wo have 
yet to learn that it is expedient to spoil the 
chambers of a house, for the sake of a se¬ 
verely gothic roof; or that expensive veran¬ 
dahs are more important than a good 
kitchen, and large, and well ventilated bed¬ 
rooms. 
The great object in choosing a plan for a 
dwelling, or other building, is to combine a 
good degreo of architectural beauty with 
the accommodations wanted, and to adapt 
the whole to the purposo in view. Much 
depends on having the building adapted to 
the place where it is to stand, and distinctly 
expressive of tho idea of tho builder. Want 
of attention to this point, betrays a want of 
taste, and should be guarded against. A 
man about to build a house, and applying 
to an architect for a plan, should insist upon- 
having him visit tho spot where it is to 
stand; and if the architect shall attempt to 
draw the plan and elevation, without refer¬ 
ence to the locality, he may be set down as 
one who is deficient as regards a knowledge 
of his business. Tho nose of the author of 
those suggestions is a very respectable affair, 
on his face—but anywhere else it would be 
abominably out of place. While, therefore, 
wo are inclined to givo tho preference to 
certain styles of rural architecture, we are 
not in favor of a monstrous uniformity.— 
Recognizing the legitimate claims of the old 
and approved orders, we would have our 
buildings various in thoir character, and in 
keeping with all that is peculiar in tho 
scenery, or noticeable in the conditions of 
those who occupy them.— Ohio Farmer. 
Worms in Sheep’s Heads. —A writer in 
the New England Farmer, under the signa¬ 
ture of “ M. C. S.,” gives tho following rem¬ 
edy for the removal of worms from the 
heads of sheep: 
“ The most effective remedy that I have 
ever known, is the following:—Take honey 
diluted with a little warm water, a sufficient 
quantity, and inject it into the nose freely 
with a 4 oz. syringe. The worm will leave 
his retreat in search of this new article of 
food ; and when onco in contact with the 
honey, becomes unable to return, and slides 
down tho mucus membrane. Then, (say 
two or three hours after using the honey,) 
give tho sheep a little snuff, or cayenne pep¬ 
per, and the effort of sneezing will place tho 
worm beyond the chance of doing harm.— 
Some of our best farmers have tried this 
remedy long enough to establish its merit.” 
Meadows and old Fields.— If you have 
any meadows or old fiolds that are sward 
bound, or which boro but indifferent crops 
of hay last season, give them a thorough har¬ 
rowing as soon as the frost is out of the 
surface, while the ground is soft, then sow to 
each acre, four quarts of timothy seed, ten 
pounds of clover seed, one bushel of plaster 
of Paris, five bushels of wood ashes, and 
five bushels of newly slaked lime, all well 
mixed, and finish off by rolling.— Am. Ag. 
is one of tho most useful and important de 
partments of the household, and should re¬ 
ceive a portion of the expense which is lav¬ 
ished upon othor parts for mere embellish¬ 
ment. A clean parlor and a filthy cellar is 
but a wretched subterfuge for keeping up 
appearances. 
in tho hot weather of summer, tho cellar 
must be the receptacle of provisions, and 
frequently of dairies. And the good farmer 
and tidy house-keeper, will not need to keep 
posted up with a rigmarole of excuses for a 
filthy cellar, if a neighbor should have occa¬ 
sion to go into it. Wo once bought somo 
vegetables situated in a cellar, which wo 
should judge had been tho common sewer, 
for all the filth of the farm for ages. Tho 
walls were dripping with moisture, and tho 
chill close atmosphere, charged with miasma, 
would givo ono the ague or rheumatism in 
twenty minutes. YYe assisted a couple of 
hours in measuring said vegetables, and it 
came near upsetting our naturally good 
constitution; and was tho causo of many 
acute twinges of the rheumatism afterwards. 
This cellar is connected with a respectable 
dwelling bouse upon a farm worth six thou¬ 
sand dollars and the occupier was the own¬ 
er of it, and out of debt. He will not see 
what wo have written, (not for his benefit 
for bo is sloven past redemption,) because 
ho does not take our Farmer, or any other; 
and if he read it might not readily recog¬ 
nize tho fit. But it is not for our special 
comfort that wo would urge you to cleanse 
these Augean stables of tho farm, but that 
it inay minister to your own comlort and 
happiness.— Green Mountain Farmer. 
THE EARTH OR ANGLE WORM. 
The question is frequently asked, do earth 
worms injure or benefit the soil? English 
gardeners have a very great prejudice 
against them as injurious to the soil, and re¬ 
sort to the use of lime and salt to destroy 
them. Authorities, however, aro decidedly 
in their favor. Kirby in his Bridgewater 
Treatise, remarks. “Their great lunction 
appears to be that of boring tho earth in all 
directions, whereby they arc useful to tho 
farmor and grazier, giving a kind of under 
tillage to pasture and other lands, and by 
the casts which they everywhere throw up, 
they help to manure the soil, and do tho 
samo for pastures that tho spade does for 
gardens and the plow for arable land, placo 
tho soil that laid below above. Their food 
being vegetable detritus, what passes from 
them must be very good manure.” 
The author of tiie Journal of a Naturalist, 
thus commends tho earth worm :—“ This 
animal, destined to be tho natural manure 
of the soil, and the ready indicator of an 
improved staple, consumes on the surface 
of the ground, where they soon would be 
injurious, tho softer parts of decayed vege¬ 
table matters, and convoys with the soil the 
more woody fibres, where they moulder and 
become reduced to a single nutriment, fit¬ 
ting for living vegetation. The parts con¬ 
sumed by them are soon returned to tho 
surface, whence, dissolved by frosts and 
scattered by rains, they circulate again in 
the plants of tho soil—death still producing 
life.” White, in his history of Selborne, is 
equally explicit and more detailed, in his 
commendation of the earth worm’s services. 
Darwin asserts that “ they will even add to 
tho depth of a soil—covering barren tracts 
with u layer of productivo mould.” 
THEORY OF MINERAL MANURES. 
Messrs. Lawes & Gilbert have published, 
in the Journal of tho Royal Agricultural 
Society, tho result of many experiments, 
made by them in the course of many years 
to ascertain the correctness ot the idea ad¬ 
vanced by Liebig that it is only necessary 
to apply the ashes ot plants or mineral sub¬ 
stances, for the support of crops. They 
took plots of ground of equal superfices, and 
applied different substances to the same crop. 
In ono instance, ground which had no ma¬ 
nure, produced 1G bushels of wheat to the 
acre; 14 tons of yard manure produced 22 
bushels; tho ashes of 14 tons of yard manure, 
16 bushels; mean produce of nine plots sup¬ 
plied with artificial mineral manures, 14 
bushels 3 2-4 pecks; on other plots tho ad¬ 
dition of 65 pounds sulphate of ammonia, 
(which Liebig hold was unnecessary,) gave 
an average of 21 bushels. The increase by 
the use of the mineral manures recommend¬ 
ed l»v Liebig, was, therefore, less than two 
bushels per acre, and the increase by ashes 
of manure nothing. 
reproduce the fertilizing elements, still, his 
drafts wore greater than the receipts 
into her treasury, and ho was steadily and 
surely impoverishing the soil. If the cul¬ 
tivator had been told that “ with every four¬ 
teen tons of fodder taken from his ground 
he carried away Lwo casks of potash, two casks 
of lime, one cask of soda, a carboy of vitriol, 
a large demijohn of phosphoric acid, and other 
essential ingredients,which wereascertaincly 
stowed away in his mows, as if conveyed in 
casks and carboys,” be would have looked 
surprised and probably felt incredulous— 
and yet such is the indisputable fact. 
And at tho present time, when science has 
done so much for agriculture, and practical 
farmers are disposed to look into the reason 
of things, these matters are beginning to bo 
understood; and it is a recognized fact., that 
when the agriculturist sells a load of hay, a 
crop of wheat, or any other product, he sells 
a large portion of valuable salts derived 
from the soil, the annual abstraction of which 
must exhaust and render unproductive the 
soil, unless its place is supplied by a manure 
containing in sufiicient quantities the salts 
abstracted. 
It becomes an interesting inquiry then, 
what are the prominent ingredients of tho 
common vegetable products, on which the 
farmer relies for sustenanco and support? 
The answer is found at once in tho analyses 
which have been made by scientific men, of 
corn, wheat, oats, rye, &c., showing precise¬ 
ly what proportions of potash, lime, mag¬ 
nesia, silicia, phosphoric and sulphuric acids, 
&c., aro contained in tho respective pro¬ 
ducts. From those we find that of wheat 
—phosphoric acid, potash, soda, lime, and 
magnesia, constitute nearly ninety-eight 
parts in a hundred ;—of Indian corn, ninety- 
jive ;—of oats, eighty-six ;—of beans, ninety- 
six ;—of peas, ninety ;—and the list might 
bo indefinitely extended. 
The above facts show at once, to the hum¬ 
blest comprehension, the nature of the ele¬ 
ments which are abstracted from the soil by 
tho respective crops, and which it is absolute¬ 
ly necessary to return to the soil, in order 
to restore or continue its powers of produc¬ 
tion. The above elements, however, neit her 
exist in the earth nor can be exhibited in 
any manure distinct and uncombined; but, 
in obedience to great chemical laws of af¬ 
finity, unite with each other and form more 
or less soluble salts. Phosphoric acid unites 
with potash, lime, soda ami magnesia, form¬ 
ing Phosphates of these articles respective¬ 
ly, and it is these phosphates thus combined, 
which play a most important part in tho 
process of the production and nourishment 
of vegetable products, and fitting them for 
the sustenance of man. 
How then shall the agriculturist obtain, 
and in what form best apply these essential 
elements? They may unquestionably bo 
artificially produced; but if they can be 
found in a natural state, they will bo least 
expensive and best adapted for farmer’s use; 
for in that case, they exist in in a state of 
division vastly more minute than can bo 
produced by artificial means, and when in¬ 
corporated with the soil, will bo presented 
to the roots of plants in a form best calcu¬ 
lated for absorbtion and distribution. 
The discovery of guano lias, in a provi¬ 
dential manner, met the very want of tho 
times, in reference to the re-invigoration of 
certain kinds of soil, since this manure 
furnishes the elements most needed to sup¬ 
ply the waste arising from cultivation, and 
to develop vegetation; but even in regard 
to this, a judicious discrimination must bo 
used, and that quality selected which pre¬ 
sents the most abundant supply ol those es¬ 
sential ingredients, the Phosphates.— Am. 
Farmer. 
Deepen tiie Soil. —Those who have not 
finished plowing for early crops, should de¬ 
termine on deepening their soils, either by 
using the subsoil plow, which is preferable, 
or by plowing more deeply with the surface 
plow. Those who fear to use the subsoil 
plow, or to increase their usual depth of 
plowing, despite the overwhelming evidence 
to the contrary, may at least plow ono inch 
more deeply than last year, and thus gradu¬ 
ally deepen and improve their soils.— Work¬ 
ing Farmer. 
Dogberry, in the play, says that “ to read 
and write conies by nature.’ and somo nun 
seem to think the same of all knowledge per¬ 
taining to agriculture. They put their hand 
to the plow and look back, to see how their 
grandfather laid his furrows, instead of fop ■ 
ward, see how well they can lay their owu. 
