170 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
lost tho last queen further increase was cut 
off, uud they soon become a prey to the 
moth. And, tho miller, when once in the 
house, was secure from tho birds. 
Having now concluded the slatement of 
my views of the causes of the failure of 
swarms that have a good supply of honey, I 
will add a few remarks on other topics of 
beo management. The past Winter has Leon 
very destructive to bees; much like those 
of 183G and ’44. but these were each follow¬ 
ed by remarkable good seasons for honey— 
such seasons as occur only once in seven or 
eight years as far as my observation extends. 
In previous articles I have spoken at 
length of removing old brood comb from 
tho hives in spring. In March I removed 
this comb frofn several hives, but found it 
more difficult than if I had selected the 
first pleasant day after they begin gathering 
honey. About mid-day remove tho hive from 
the bottom board to some distance from its 
usual location, and set an empty hive where 
it stood for the bees that are gathering honey 
to go into; turn buttom upward the hive 
you have removed and commence jarring it 
lightly. In a few minutes they begin to run 
and buzz, which is a signal that they submit 
to your treatment They soon work out 
from the centre of tho hive, and you may 
then with a case knife, remove all the comb 
that is not clean and well filled with honey. 
Return the hive to its place again, and the 
next day they will go on gathering honey 
and building comb as before. Though this 
practice destroys a few young bees, yet they 
multiply enough faster in the clean, newly 
made comb, to more than make up the loss, 
and the disease may thus be overcome. 
Alvin Wilcox. 
~W9st. Bloomfield, N. Y., April, 1852. 
PLOWS AND PLOWING. 
The Agricultural, Horticultural, and Me¬ 
chanical Association of the town of Galen, 
hold their next annual Fair and Cattle Show 
July 3d, at Clyde. We cut the following 
sensible remarks from the Premium List, 
which has been sent us by the Secretary, 
Jos. Watson, Esq. 
This association is of opinion that an es¬ 
sential change, yi the work of the plow is 
necessary, and consequently a change of its 
form and construction. 
Established notions originating in long 
practice, become popular, however errone¬ 
ous ; hence, many farmers ask for the plow 
that cuts and turns the sod, leaving it with 
the soil turned up, in one, unbroken, com¬ 
pressed mass, the whole length of the fur¬ 
row. resting against the next furrow, leaving 
on its upper edge a row of grass in the best 
possible position to facilitate its growth, and 
most generally with not sufficient soil turn¬ 
ed up to cover, or prevent its growth, how¬ 
ever diligently the harrow may be applied, 
leaving a slightly prepared bed for plains, 
to be soon overpowered by grass not suffi¬ 
ciently turned under. 
We ask for a plow that will put the whole 
sod under a well pulverized tilth, sufficiently 
prepared for reception of seed and so deep 
that a harrow or cultivator will not bring the 
sod to the surface when covering tho seeds 
of small grains, or in preparing it for corn. 
With this view tho association will hold a 
Plowing Match at some convenient time 
and place during the coming plowing season, 
of which timely notice will be given; when 
premiums in proportion to means and merit 
will be paid for plowing and plows. A com 
mittee will be on theground fully competent. 
Competition invited from abroad—-par¬ 
ticularly in improved plows. 
THE ROLLER. 
The roller is, by many farmers considered 
an indispensable implement, especially in 
tho cultivation of light and sandy soils. If 
dry weather succeed the sowing of grain, 
roiling is absolutely necessary to press the 
earth upon the seeds, and prevent the es¬ 
cape of moisture. Wheat requires a moist 
tenacious soil, and the fact has been fully 
demonstrated that when the field is rolled 
after it is sown, it will come up from one to 
three days sooner and grow more vigorously 
than it will on a portion of the same field 
that is not rolled. Besides the advantages 
derived from pressing the earth firmly about 
the seed, the volatile portions of the soil, 
which are formed by bringing its different 
chemical properties into contact with each 
other, as is done by plowing and harrowing, 
are prevented from escaping, and produce a 
salutary effect upon the kernel in hastening 
vegetation. Another advantage is, where 
the land is seeded down to grass it gives a 
smooth, even surface to mow. 
A roller is easily made. Any farmer who 
has a large round log, can construct one that 
will answer every purpose. A pair of worn 
out block wheels, with some hard wood 
planks nailed or tree-nailed on to them, 
makes the best roller in the world, for they 
are large and will leave thg ground smooth¬ 
er and more even than of smaller dimen¬ 
sions ,^—Fanner and Artizan. 
SWINE. 
In many parts of Massachusetts there is 
now a general demand for pigs, and a limit¬ 
ed supply. Perhaps elsewhere a scarcity 
of good swine is felt. We do not mean 
that there are not grunters and squealers 
enough, sucb as they are. Droves of ani¬ 
mals bearing an exaggerated resemblance 
to a very poor pig. perambulate the coun¬ 
try in every direction, and the air is vocal 
with their melodious voices. These ani¬ 
mals might be trained, we think, to answer 
a very good purpose. Some of them might 
be made to assist in pick-mg out paving- 
stones when streets are re-graded. Others 
would answer for express-wagons, city dis¬ 
patch-posts. and the like. Some could be 
set to getting out stone;—a kernel of corn 
punched three feet under a rock would be 
an irresistable temptation to the crow-bar- 
snoutod quadruped. 
Some people purchase these long-legged, 
coarse-snouted, tight-bellied creatures for 
meal bins:—safer depositories for food of 
all kinds, we do not know. Some people 
must breed them, or they would not be 
about. But this is not the description of 
pig, that is in demand. The demand*is for 
good pigs; and, that another season may 
present a sufficient supply, we offer here a 
few hints as to the prevalent errors in the 
breeding of swine, above all other domestic 
animals. 
In the first place, most farmers, even 
among those who are desirous of improving 
their stock, endeavor to economise by pur¬ 
chasing a half, or quarter blood boar, of 
some favorite breed. Now, friends, this is 
an advance in the wrong direction. Every 
generation is farther and farther from the 
perfection you desire to obtain. For, at 
every cross, you breed out, more and more, 
the improved blood. A thorough-bred boar, 
at twenty dollars, is cheaper than a half- 
blood, which you are paid twenty dollars to 
use. 
This is not fancy-farming 1 Your com¬ 
mon sense will teach you that the sleek 
Suffolks and tho fine boned Middlesex breed 
j were not brought to their present perfec¬ 
tion by the use of second-rate animals.— 
You, yourselves, with judgment and per¬ 
severance can form a breed equal to either 
of these; by using a full-blooded boar with 
a well selected native sow; and by a wise 
selection among the litter for your next 
breeder;—care being always had not to 
breed too close. 
This brings us to the second error, which 
is often, very often, made. A pair of pigs 
for breeding purposes, is selected very fre¬ 
quently,—we may indeed say, very gener¬ 
ally—from the same litter;—lull brother 
and sister. This is closer than the greatest 
sticklers for in-and-in breeding recommend; 
except in extreme cases, when it is desired 
to strengthen and Confirm some good points, 
and other selection is inconvenient. To 
make matters worso, the next boar is select¬ 
ed out of some subsequent litter of their 
descendants; and the experiment ends in a 
lot of nondescripts; that are all head and 
ears, and no body, worth speaking of,—a 
carpenter’s horse, with a barrfel on one end 
and two feet of kinked two-inch rope, hang¬ 
ing down at the other. Then you denounce 
these imported breeds as a humbug; and 
laud the natives, that have not got along 
quite as far as your’s. 
As wo remarked in the series on “Do¬ 
mestic Animals,”—“it is of about equal im¬ 
portance, how you select, and how you feed. 
The difference of care was never better il¬ 
lustrated than in an instance that occurred 
in our own experience. Out of a fine lit¬ 
ter, wo sold a first choice of pigs to a friend: 
a second third and fourth pick was taken 
from the lot; and the refuse remained with 
us; to be kllied out of the way, when con¬ 
venient; as we were closing up our “ac¬ 
count of stock,” to devote all our time to 
this Journal. Our pigs, when killed awhile 
afterward, had trebled their weight; the 
same was the case with one of tho same 
lot presented to a tenant—an Irish woman. 
But the best pigs of the litter had not 
gained ten pounds,—they were stunted.— 
Our friend's farmer said he “didn't want to 
see any more Suffolks, if them was a sam¬ 
ple.” We thought so too. 
A few davs ago a purchaser doubted the 
purity of. his stock of Suffolks. because 
some one or two of the litter wore spotted 
with black. This, by itself, is no argument 
against the purity of the blood; for the im¬ 
proved Suffolks are a cross between the 
Old Suffolk pig,—a large and coarse breed 
— with the China; which are spotted.— 
This evidence of the China cross breaks out 
once in a while; but by care in always, se¬ 
lecting the pure whito for breeders, the 
spots will be bred out. 
Most, if not all, of the imported im¬ 
proved breeds have been brought to their 
present perfection by the use of tho Chi 
nese blood. This China breed, is fine in 
tho bone and possessing a wonderful -apti¬ 
tude to take on fat. Their beauty is, what 
our friend Jacques, of Worcester, happily 
calls— the beauty of utility ; and they are 
well designed, and built to bo the reformers 
of their race. 
Farmers have a horror of long articles; 
so that we defer a discussion of tho feeding 
of swine, &c., to another opportunity, when 
we will present another dish of pig.— Jour, 
of Agriculture. 
HIGH PRICES GF PROVISIONS. 
Liquid and Solid Manure. —Chas. Alex¬ 
ander, a careful and accurate farmer in 
Scotland, found that while 14 head of cattle 
would make six loads of solid manure, the 
liquid would saturate seven loads of loam 
rendering it of equal value. He had re¬ 
peated the experiment for ten years, and 
found the saturated earth fully equal to the 
best putrescent manure. How many dol¬ 
lars worth are thus lost annually by each of 
the million farmers of this country ? And 
what is the aggregate loss in the whole 
country taken together ? 
The New-Yorkers are crying out against 
the present high rates of everything which 
is for sale at the markets and by the green 
grocers. The New York Times has the fol¬ 
lowing upon the condition of their provis¬ 
ion market: 
The real extent of our wants seems as 
yet, known to comparatively few farmers, 
poulterers, gardeners and graziers. Even 
the fishermen are so far behind, that quite 
extravagant rates are kept up in market, 
for fresh and salt fish, which ought to be 
supplied in abundance at half price. We 
FOWL H3AD0W GRA3S. 
A friend asks, When is the best time 
for sowing Fowl meadow grass? 
This species of grass will grow on uplands, 
but fiouiisnes best in wet meadows. It may 
be sown in the spring or fall, or indeed when¬ 
ever you can get the ground ready. Wet 
or bog lands cannot be put into condition 
any time you please. You must either 
wait until tiie super-abundant water is evap¬ 
orated by tho heat and drought of summer, 
or drained off by artificial means. 
We have known meadows cleared and 
burnt over in August, and the seed sown 
have nothing in short, that we can sell j upon it, and suffered to be covered by the 
cheap, and abundant, except bread. How i rains of showers, and a good crop obtained 
long even this blessing shall be vouchsafed, ‘ for several years after. Some take pains to 
depends on the foreign news in part, but 1 rake it in when the ground has been burnt 
chiefly on that mad spirit of speculation | over. 
incident to time like the present, and which I The true natural history of this grass has 
in 1826, ran even flour up to $12 or $14 tho ; not yet been fully ascertained. Some think 
barrel. i it lasts naturally but a year or two in soils, 
We will now tell our friends in the river but it is kept up by the seed scattering out 
counties and rural districts of New York, j when ripe, and lienee they suffer this kind 
something of the prices realized by the ; of grass to remain until it is pretty ripe be- 
market people in this vicinity, in Washing- fore they mow it. About a peck of seed to 
ton, Fulton, and other market places.— the acre is enough. 
They get 16 cents for choice bits of beef, 14 (Several years ago the following cominu- 
cents for good roast, and 12J cents for nication, written by tho late Maj. E. Wood, 
round. Veal ranges from 10 to 15 cents, of Wintiirop, was published in the Maine 
Mutton full 14 cents. Pork 12£ cents, and Farmer, and we now re-publish it for the 
hams 14 to 16 cents. Poultry is out of all j benefit of all inquirers : 
reasonable bounds. Chickens $1 25 the j “ There are a number of kinds of grass 
pair, and turkeys $1 50 to $2 50 each.— that have been called by that name; there is 
The produce of the dairy, if really fine and but one, however, in my opinion, to which it 
fresh, brings any rate, within ihe conscience ! properly belongs. Not knowing the botani- 
of the seller. Butter 25 to 30 cents. Eggs cal name, I will endeavor to describe the 
12J to 15 cents. Vegetables go in propor- kind that I call the true fowl meadow grass, 
tion, but as the season has not fairly open- It has a long and small stalk, generally lays 
ed, we shall not undertake to specify. j bent all in one direction before it scut; 
It is to fresh meats and dairy produce we when it is not shaded the stalk or stem is 
would call special attention. It strikes us j green, although the seed may be ripe, 
they would be highly remunerative to the ■ It sends out a number ot seed or flower 
farmer and grazier at two-thirds, not to say branches like the red top. or, as it is some- 
one-half, the present price. It cannot be times called, Rhode Island grass, of which 
possible, as some of our contemporaries it seems to be a species or variety. It 
hint, that such thing's can bo monopolized j grows very thick, is very products e oi seeds 
in this country. The field has been made which are exceedingly small. When they 
too wide by railroads, and wo are far from ar0 rubbed and cleansed from the chaff, they 
believing that a complete monopoly can be are of a reddish color, lhere is another va- 
accomplished. riety which has been lately bi ought lieio 
The Commercial Advertiser copies the i lror J 1 ^ ermont. the stems and seeds of wlm h 
article from the Times, and in commenting j are larger than the kind of which I am speak- 
it rg . ’ ling. The Vermont variety seems to be well 
UI The high prices now demanded for food ! suited to our swaley land,and does well to mix 
press very heavily upon a large class of the : 011 °ur bog-lands, but its valufe is not to be 
1 1 ■■ ■ - 1 compared to the true fowl meadow grass on 
under the same conditions with the same 
result, and you may “ stick a stake” with a 
high degree of satisfaction. 
We do not wish to extend this article.— 
Our object is to urge farmers, and especially 
young farmers, to study carefully the cause 
of difference in their two rows of corn, in 
their two pieces of grain, in their two year¬ 
lings; in short, to pursue their business with 
their eyes open and their ears open, and be 
ready at all times, either to give the “causo 
of the difference,’ or the items in the cause 
which are not known. When our igno¬ 
rance is located, when the definite point wo 
do not understand is fixed, and the mind 
directed to that point, our ignorance is half 
cured. It begins to be quite light in the 
east, and the sun will goon rise and dispel 
the remaining darkness.— Cult, and Gaz. 
ashes as Manure. 
that it will grow on to advantage. 
When the soil and situation suits it. it is the 
people, whoso incomes are fixed, and who j 
receive no higher remuneration for their ! 1;llK 
labors at such times than when provisions i . A . . . r , , 
of all kinds are to bo obtained at moderate 0 , asiest g l ‘ ass 0 raise 1 f } T. ‘ 21111 
Ltlie most profitable. On land that does not 
j suit it. you will find it almost impossible to 
raise it. Tho public may need a caution, 
rates. Merchants and many retail trades¬ 
men can easily raise their scale of profit of 
standard of necessary and increased ex¬ 
penditure; but with clerks, mechanics, and 
all whose income is of a fixed character or 
aipount, the case is tho reverse, and the 
hardships to which they are subjected, are 
by no means slight. Yet it really seems as 
though there was no real necessity for tho j 
present enormously high rates of the arti¬ 
cles above enumerated. At but a very lit¬ 
tle distance from tho city a very different 
scale of prices prevails—the advanced rate 
here being far greater than is needful to 
defray the expense of transportation. Cer¬ 
tainly, any one travelling in a circuit of a 
hundred miles around tffis city, must be 
convinced that the present scale need not 
be permanent, at least if it depends to any 
extent upon the adequacy of supplies.— 
Many farms might be made much more 
productive than they are, and there are 
very many goodly acres now paying no tri¬ 
bute to the wants of man, which would 
speedily and amply repay liberal cultivation. 
We can assure our New York contempo¬ 
raries that, high as they have to pay for the 
necessaries of life, the people of Boston 
fare as badly as they do, though some of 
the articles enumerated are chalked up 
pretty high. It is an aggravation of tho 
evil, that there is no prospect of a change 
for tho better at present. Tho market- 
men insist that they have no remedy for 
ilio universal complaint, that prices are 
monstrously high, and they are not in fault 
In the matter, but prefer that prices should 
b© lower. If the enhanced value of food 
serves to fill the pockets of the farmers, 
we may not complain, but we fear that the 
money sticks somewhere botween tho pro¬ 
ducer and the retailer.— Boston Courier. 
Corn in the Ear.—E. J. Holmes, Esq., 
of Kingston, has measured and weighed 
some of his corn to determine how much it 
shrinks in drying. In Oct. 1851 he selected 
100 pounds of coin, weighed in the ear.— 
He shelled it March 2, 1852. The corn 
weighed sixty-five pounds and two ounces— 
the cobs eleven pounds and eleven ounces— 
making seventy-six pounds and thirteen 
ounces—shrinking twenty-three pounds and 
three ounces. 
Tho shelled corn measured ono bushel 
and three pints. 
Thus we see that instead of calling sev¬ 
enty-five pounds of ears of corn a bushel 
wo should come nearer tho mark by calling 
one hundred pounds a bushel. The Ply¬ 
mouth county Society have altered their rule 
of weighing and now call eighty-five pounds 
of ears equal to a bushel of shelled corn.— 
Mass. Ploughman. 
_"_t_ 
Vapor Baths Applied to Cattle.—A 
letter from Vienna states that for the last 
two years an epidemic disease has decimated 
the horned cattle, and brought ruin to the 
breeders; that tho veterinary art was pow¬ 
erless to arrest the malady; but a Dr. God- 
lewske, a native of Gallacia, has recently 
claimed two premiums of 75,000f. each, of¬ 
fered by tho Austrian and Russian Govern¬ 
ments, he having, it is said, discovered an 
invaluable remedy in the application of va¬ 
por baths. 
Sulphate of lime, for the destruction of 
rats, while it is a perfectly safe article, is 
much better than arsenic. 
not to purchase what i call the spurious 
kind, instead o: the genuine seed. 
On suitable land it may be sown very 
thin ; even a quart of good clean seed to the 
acre, and on the second or third year, it 
will have spread to such a degree as to be 
thick enough. -It propagates in two ways, 
and even three. One way is by the seed, 
another by tillering or by suckers, and a 
third way is when it bends down it will 
throw out a root at every joint. It may be 
better to sow it of a proper thickness at. first, 
which may be about a peck of clean seed to 
the acre. It may be raised on light clayey 
soils tiiat are sufficiently dry, and rendered 
light by horse manure, &c. Sand does not 
seem to agree with it. An island in a 
stream made up of saw-dust and clay, has 
produced it largely. Mud or bog-land, 
made light and kept so by hackmatack or 
larch roots in the soil, or i>y frequent flow¬ 
ing. is decidedly the best land to raise this 
grass upon. On such land I have raised 
three tons to the acre, and I think that it 
will produce the most value in fodder, per 
acre, of any grass I am acquainted with. 
It is said it will thrive well on all bog-lands, 
where a large growth of flat grass will grow, 
if rendered light and dry by suitable ditch 
ing. It is valuable for feeding stock, and 
for working oxen in the spring. Oxen so 
fed have performed their labor as well as 
when fed upon the common English hay so 
called.’ — Maine Farmer. 
Wm. P. Bedell, of Coxsackie, inquires 
the best way to apply wood ashes to soils, 
“ and on what kind of vegetation it is most 
beneficial — tho quantity necessary—when 
to be used, and the value per bushel to the 
purchaser.” 
We have much theory, and very little ac¬ 
curate experiment, on the application of 
ashes as manure. Theory is of great value, 
or rather it becomes so, when submitted to 
tho test of varied, repeated, and rigidly ac¬ 
curate trial, in connection with weighing 
and measuring. Guess work and vague es¬ 
timate may satisfy the experimenter, but 
not the public. For these reasons, we are 
unable to give our correspondent much def¬ 
inite information on the subject. 
Ashes are generally most useful on soils 
which have been long cultivated; because, 
as they are the mineral portion of plants, 
they supply the deficiency which has been 
caused by long cropping. Sometimes, how¬ 
ever, new land is much benefited, where the 
soil is naturally deficient in some of the 
constituents of ashes. Analysis may assist 
in pointing out such deficiency ; experiment 
is an excellent mode of determining. Ashos 
will be beneficial to all crops on soils which 
lack its ingredients; the inquiry should 
therefore be, on what soils, rather than for 
what crops , is it most useful. 
The quantity to apply, it is obvious, must 
also depend on the condition of the soil—it 
is not usual, however, to give a dressing of 
of more than a few hundred bushels per 
acre. An analysis of the soil might exhibit 
the degree of deficiency, from which a cal¬ 
culation could be made of the amount 
needed by a growing crop; but such a calcu¬ 
lation could only be regarded as a guide or 
illumination to experiment—the latter, care¬ 
fully conducted, being the final test. 
A good time for the application, is in au¬ 
tumn, the moisture dissolving the soluble 
parts, which become well diffused through 
the soil before vegetation commences in the 
spring. The time of year is not a matter 
of great moment, pnless very large quanti¬ 
ties are used. 
As for the mode of applying—the object, 
plainly, is to incorporate it with such por¬ 
tions of the soil as tho roots feed in : hence 
if worked in by a strong harrow, two horse 
cultivator, gang plow, or even with a com¬ 
mon rather shallow running plow, it will 
answer a good purpose; but when tho two 
latter implements are used, the ground 
should be well hai rowed first after the ashes 
have been spread over, in order to m x them 
well with the earth.— Alb. Cultivator. % 
LABOR IN CITY AND COUNTRY. 
ACJUR&CY IN FARMING. 
Spring has at length opened upon us, 
bringing all her demands upon our time, our 
strength and good judgment, but giving us 
a shorter time than usual in which to fulfill 
her requisitions. The temptation, there¬ 
fore, to the “ hit or miss” system of doing 
things is greater than usual. 
Why is it that many farmers at sixty years 
of age, pursue precisely the same course in 
their farming-operations which they did at 
forty? Is it because there have been no im¬ 
provements to be made? Surely not. Is it 
because comfort and ease and competency 
for all reasonable desires were already se¬ 
cured? Very far from it. It might be dif¬ 
ficult to answer the question very definitely; 
but there is one item which, as wo fully be¬ 
lieve, has a large influence in producing this 
result. All the operations are performed 
in so indefinite a manner that the effect ot 
any particular cause, is not seen and of course 
not marked as a point where a "stake may 
be stuck,” and a guiding land-mark fixed. 
If you ihquiro the best mode of doing any 
particular thing, you will generally get an 
answer very indefinitely, or if it comes in a 
decided form it will be so expressed as to 
lead you to inquire the reason, when you 
will find there is no definite knowledge up¬ 
on the subject. 
There can be no doubt that the farmer, 
who studies carefully the results of individu¬ 
al or particular causes, will, in the end. fill 
a larger granary, and hold a higher place 
among the benefactors of his race than ho 
who takes no note of the way lie is passing. 
It is not enough for a farmer to know that 
his hogs are heavier this year than they were 
the last, when the ages are different, the 
breeds different, the food different, and the 
care different. But bring the difference to 
consist only in one thing, and then repeat 
The general rule with regard to City and 
j Country is this—If through strength of in- 
; tellect. peculiar faculty or strength of pur¬ 
pose, you are able and willing to do several 
fair average men’s work each day. then tho 
city is the place for you. and probably you 
can do more good or make money faster 
here than elsewhere; but if you are only 
able and willing to do one man’s work, you 
can live easier, fare bet*:r. and gradually 
grow into a competence more surely in the 
country. The working class work more 
steadily and faithfully here than in the 
country; they live more frugally and save 
less. They may eat more fresh meat, but 
they breathe less pure air. while they lodge 
as industrious people in the country would 
not consent to. To one who has a soul, the 
condition of a city laborer for wages, con¬ 
tinually dependent on the favor or caprice 
of others for the means of subsistence, pe¬ 
titioning for work as a boon, often ^con- 
demned to idleness, bullied by purse-pride, 
ground down by avarice, and often defraud¬ 
ed of his hard earnings by bankruptcy or 
knavery, is far from desirable. 
At this season, instead of the usual influx 
from the country, there ought to be a vast 
emigration from the city. Here are tens 
of thousands lazily sauntering from corner 
to corner, begging or sponging a miserable 
living and looking for employment, when 
the country needs them all to help the far¬ 
mers seed and till their ground during the 
busy months of vegetation just before us. 
Admit that many of these would bo poor 
help on a farm,—wo insist that they should 
decidedly prefer to do a little than to do 
nothing, and that the man who, till now ig¬ 
norant of farming, can find a chance to earn 
his bread, should gladly accept that rather 
than be idle, especially if he can at the 
same time learn how to labor efficiently.— 
Merely to know how to farm well is a great 
acquisition—worth more than a year’s faith¬ 
ful labor. We say. then, to all the idle and 
destitute in our city, it is not charity to help 
you stay here when you are needed and 
may be useful elsewhere. Hang around 
the city no longer, expecting chances which 
will never come, but look rather for work 
where work is to be found. “ Go forth in¬ 
to the fields !”—JV*. F. Tribune. 
A Man’s owning a large farm is no excuse 
for bad tillage. What he cannot improve, he 
need not undertake to cultivate. 
355 
