MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER; AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CJjc (Drrljarb nub (Barbrn. 
HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 
The second exhibition of the Horticultu¬ 
ral Society of the Genesee Valley was held 
at Corinthian Hall on Saturday. 
The show of early flowering shrubs was 
fine. The Spiraea prunifolia plena —-.called j 
Double Prune-lOaved Spiraea, is one of the 
most desirable of this species of flowering 
shrub, and is perfectly hardy, as Well as 
splendidly beautiful. The double flowering 
cherry, the Judas Tree,—called by some 
Red Bud,—the Gourdon Currant, the Japan 
Quince, the Magnolia, and various other 
hardy and beautiful shrubs, were on exhibi¬ 
tion. There were two beautiful hardy 
roses, the B. du petit Thouars, and the 
Geant des Battailles. There were also some 
fine Rhododendrons. 
Of the‘Evergreen Family, the Anracaria 
imbricata, or Chilian pine, the Cedrus deo¬ 
dar, the glory of the Himalayas—a splendid 
tree with gigantic arms, and dark, narrow 
leaves—also the Taxodium Sempervirens .— 
were on exhibition; all hardy and very do- 
sirable for cultivation. 
The Greenhouse plants wero beautiful 
and attractive. There were about a dozen j 
varieties of the Calceolaria. These were 
mostly from the collections of Messrs. Ell- 
w anger & Barry, Frost, and Webster. 
Of Garden Vegetables, John Donnellan, 
of Hanford's Landing, exhibited the Giant 
Asparagus, Palestine Lettuce, Long Scarlet 
Radish and the small oval early Rose. Vic¬ 
toria Pie plant and early long green Cu¬ 
cumbers by C. F. Crosman. 
Mr. Donnellan exhibited, also, a fine col¬ 
lection of plants and flowers. 
Of Fruit, fine specimens of the Northern 
Spy, R. I. Greening, Seek-no-further, Bald¬ 
win and Spitzenburg, were exhibited by 
Mr. J. H. Watts. 
Thero were some superb Lemons exhib¬ 
ited by Miss Sarah Siiaw. They were ta¬ 
ken from a tree that was budded six years 
ago, and were from tho “ fourth crop,” of 
which crop thirty-seven ripened; the crop 
immediately preceding this consisted of 
forty-four. These lemons are superior in 
flavor and acidity to those sold here in the 
market. The tree is about eight feet high, 
is kept in the parlor during the cold season, 
and in tho open air in the warm season. 
The next exhibition will be on Saturday, 
the 29th. It is desired that more amateurs 
should grace tho display with the flowers of 
their culture. Let it bo so hereafter.—w. 
A GARDEN ENGINE. 
For “Watering Gardens” (spokon of falls in the form of spray—becoming of like 
elsewhere in this department) the Garden temperature with the atmosphere, and next 
Engine is one of the best instruments yet in its beneficial influences to rain from tho 
invented. It is a capital aid in dry weath- clouds. It is serviceable, also, as a portable 
er—as the water is thrown into the air and fire engine. 
THE ARMY WORM. 
J. J. Thomas, in the “ Fruit Culturist,” p. 
128, says of caterpillars : “ Thero are many 
species that feed on the apple leaf, but the 
only one of importance is that known as 
tho common orchard caterpillar, ( Clisio- 
campa Americana.)’ ' But the orchards of 
this vicinity have been much injured during 
tho last two years by a worm of similar ap¬ 
pearance, which* instead of confining itself 
to the tree on which it had its birth, wan¬ 
ders forth quite early in the season, destroy¬ 
ing the foliage as it goes. Millions of tjiein 
pass from one orchard to another, destroy¬ 
ing both leaves and flowers, and the germs 
of the fruit buds, consequently preventing 
the growth of two years fruit. 
As a preventive of their ravages, I would 
recommend killing all to be found on the 
trees—and then putting a bandage of cloth, 
swingle tow, or anything of like nature 
around the troo, over which apply a coating 
of tar. The bandage is necessary—if the 
tar is placed on tho bark it endangers the 
life of the tree. The application should be 
renewed occasionally. I have heard it stated 
that tallowing the bark will prevent their 
ascent; also, that cloths dipped in turpen¬ 
tine will have the same effect. n. h. m. 
Verdant Glen, Cayuga Co., N. Y., May, 1852. 
Dwarf Fruit Trees. —It may bo ques¬ 
tioned whether a very extensivo introduc¬ 
tion of dwarf treos succeed so well in this 
country as some anticipate, until those gen¬ 
erally who plant trees learn to give them 
better cultivation than they now commonly 
receive, dwarfs indispensably requiring good 
treatment. And yet they may provo better 
adapted to some soils than trees on common 
stocks. Dwarf pears have in various instan¬ 
ces withstood the severity of winter, or made 
fine growth, in localities where trees on pear 
stocks have perished or not flourished.— 
Lindley found that in tho chalky soil at 
Rouen, the cherry stock was languid and 
sickly, while it was healthy and vigorous on 
tho Mahaleb stocks. Would not this stock 
be worthy of trial in those portions of the 
Western States where tho cherry has proved 
so difficult of culture ?— Alb. Cult. 
A Rapid Growth. —It has been stated to 
us that Mr. Sylvester Newton, of Southboro’, 
Mass., grafted an apple tree in 1848, and in 
1850, he gathered from those grafts nine 
barrels of good marketable apples, of tho 
Baldwin variety ! Well, wo are glad of it, 
— but if wo get them at that rate in four or 
five years after setting tho scions, wo think 
wo do hotter than most of our neighbors.— 
JYcw England Farmer. 
WATERING GARDENS. 
Too few farmers ever think of irrigating 
their gardens. Choice plants however, some¬ 
times are favored with a watering in a sea¬ 
son of protracted drouth, and the advantage 
they derive from it, prove how salutary is the 
practice to vegetables in general, especially 
when suffering from heat and the want of 
rain. As the garden is usually near the 
house, it could be doue with ease and profit. 
On this important subject, a late writer in 
the Albany Cultivator, observes: 
“ Fron repeated experiments, wo are in¬ 
duced to draw tho conclusion, that, next to 
manure, the great prime mover, in success¬ 
ful culture, there is nothing more import¬ 
ant to vegetable growth, in many cases, than 
irrigation. Practical gardeners, in coun¬ 
tries far more moist than our own, regard it 
as indispensable, and a large share of their 
success depends on copious waterings. ” 
Strawberries, raspborries, and other simi¬ 
lar plants, when regularly and copiously ir¬ 
rigated produce far more luxuriously than 
when not so-treated. I have observed that 
rows of those bushes, planted under the 
eaves of out buildings, where they are ex¬ 
posed to the frequent and copious supplies of 
water from the roofs, are much moro healthy 
and prolific than those which are not so ir¬ 
rigated. The size of the fruit is also superi¬ 
or, and generally, several days earlier than 
in the latter case. A friend who cultivates 
several varieties of the strawberry for mar¬ 
keting, assures me that since he has adopt¬ 
ed tho practice of irrigating his plants, lie 
has derived nearly twice the profit from his 
beds that ho did before. He waters every 
morning and evening, with pure ivater, and 
finds that the setting of the fruit and its j 
maturing also, are much benefited by the I 
practice. As his beds are enriched by a [ 
liberal application of compost, or old, well 
decomposed stable manure, he deems the I 
application of soap suds, urine, &c., unne- i 
cessary, and reserves them for other pur- ! 
poses. Covering the surface of strawberry } 
beds with straw— the plants being set in | 
rows—and watering them morning and eve- i 
ning, will ensure them against the effects of 
the most severe drouth, and enable them to 
bear abundant fruit, especially if the ground 
be rich and well prepared.— Cor. Ger. Tel. 
MULCHING FRUIT TREES. 
We have, for several years urged upon all 
fruit-growers to mulch their young trees du¬ 
ring tho warm months, and we hope our ad¬ 
vice has had some little effect in drawing 
attention to the subject. We think, how¬ 
ever. that after the second year the mulch¬ 
ing is unnecessary, or at least is not imper¬ 
atively demanded. Tho New York Agri¬ 
culturist gives us these facts on thesubject: 
“ Wo have lately seen several instances oi^ 
this system, which should commend it to 
general adoption in all cases where there 
can be any hope of benefit from its use.— 
The first was in an orchard consisting of 
nearly a thousand apple trees belonging to 
L. F. Allen, on Grand Island. This orchard j 
had been planted four or five years, on a 
hard, clay soil, and' during all the previous 
seasons had made but little growth and 
scarcely l)Qrne an apple. Last spring, 
a large forkful of swamp grass was spread 
around tho trunk of each tree; and tlie 
consequence has been, constant dampness 
on the surface of tho ground beneath the 
hay, and a more vigorous growth than has 
ever before taken place, while almost every 
tree is covered with fruit. 
Another friend practises mulching with 
salt hay, which is much better for this pur¬ 
pose than the preceding. This contains an 
additional ingredient for attracting moist¬ 
ure in tho salt combined with it. Many 
plants require shado and moisture, and when 
protected by this, will thrive and yield 
abundantly, which, if not thus protected, 
would be entirely unproductive.” 
The New England Farmer remarks that, 
“ By mulching trees, they are placed in a 
condition similar to trees in the forest.— 
They are protected from the scorching sun 
and parching drouth; and they are kept 
nearer a state of equilibrium of tempera¬ 
ture during tho various changes from heat 
to cold, and tho reverse; of course there 
will be a more uniform growth, and less lia¬ 
bility to diseaso in trees, and imperfection 
in fruit.” 
Almost any substance can be used for this 
purpose—hay, straw (cut.) tan (old,) or 
grass ; but wo give the preference decidodly 
to grass—salting it a little, if you choose— 
as retaining tho moisturo longer and more 
uniformly, and particularly for attaching 
itself to tho ground. The mulchings should 
occasionally be renewed, and ought to ex¬ 
tend at least eight inches round the stem of 
the tree. Many a valuable tree, has been 
lost for want of moisture, by neglecting to 
mulch it.— Ger. Telegraph. 
Currant Bushes. —Having noticed that 
our currant bushos may as well be made 
trees as shrubs, I have concluded to tell you 
how I have seen it done. In the spring of 
1831 my xather commenced a garden, and 
among other things set cuttings for currant 
bushes. I determined to make an experi¬ 
ment on one of these cuttings; and as soon 
as it grew I pinched off all the leaves except 
the tO{?tuft, which 1 let grow. The cutting 
was about 14 inches high, and during the 
summer the sprout from the top of this 
grew perhaps 10 inches. ’X’he next spring 
1 pinched off all the leaves to about half 
way up to tho first years growth, so as to 
leave the lowest limbs about three feet 
from tho ground. It branched well and be¬ 
came a nice little dwarf tree, when it came 
to bear fruit it was more productive than 
any bush in the garden, and the fruit larger; 
it was less infected by spiders and other in¬ 
sects ; hens could not pick off the fruit; 
and weeds were more easily kept from the 
roots, and it was an ornament instead of a 
blemish. 
Donmitif (0ronomi]. 
STRAINING HONEY.-MAZING BEESWAX. 
To strain honey, put the comb containing 
it into a tin cullender placed over an earth- 
ern crock or pan, and set it in the oven, 
which is at about the right heat when a ba¬ 
king of bread is removed. It should not be 
too warm, as honey is easily scorched, but 
should bo hot enough to molt the comb, and 
then tho wax and honey will pass into the 
crock, which may stand in tho oven until 
cool, when the wax will bo in a cake on the 
top of the honey. 
To prepare the wax, put into a large ket¬ 
tle about as much comb as is taken from a 
hivo, fill the kettle with water, and. heat to 
boiling. Then dip off the comb and wax 
into a cloth strainer, and press tho wax out 
with a wooden spoon or paddle on a board, 
one end of which stands in a tub or'pail.— 
When the comb is all worked up, empty the 
kettle, put tho wax into it, fill with water 
and heat until the wax is all melted. Take 
off' the kettle and let it stand half an hour, 
or until the scum begins to harden, which 
gives time for all the fine dirt in the 
wax to set.tlo into tho water. Crowd tho 
scum one side, and with a tin dipper care¬ 
fully dip oft' tho melted wax into tea cups 
or tin dishes to copl into cakes. This meth¬ 
od insures wax of the first quality. 
Thoso who have but a small amount of 
comb may pursue the course recommended 
l'or straining honey, only putting wator in 
the crock and having a hotter oven. 
West Bloomfield, N- Y., 1852. A. Wilcox. 
Cure for Poison. —Samuel Gardner, a 
correspondent of the Massachusetts Plough¬ 
man writes as follows:—“ I saw a statement 
in your paper last spring, recommending 
spirits turpentine for the cure of poison.— 
No doubt this may be very good. I poison 
easily by Ivy or Mercury. I take potato 
leaves, rub them in tho hand to start tho 
juice, and apply them to the itching part. 
Tho raw potato scraped I have used with 
success when slightly affected, in tho tall. 
I was informed that the potato leaf cured 
a person who had tried, ho said, almost ev¬ 
erything.” 
To Remove Spots from Piece Goods.— 
Moisten the fabric by passing a sponge over 
it, previously wet in a weak solution of sal- 
seratus and water, and roll it up so that it 
may remain damp for three or four hours 
or a whole night Then hang it out to dry 
in tho shade. Two ounces of sala)ratus to 
a gallon of water is the proper quantity.— 
The sun should not bo allowed to shine on 
the cloth while drying. 
Why Smoking Preserves Meat. —Hams 
are preserved by smoking them over a wood 
fire, because wood smoke emits a quatityn 
of croosote, which is a groat preservative of 
meat and all animal substances. Creosote 
is an extract from the oil of tar, and derives 
its namo from this peculiar quality. It is 
formed of two Greek words, kreas, flesh, 
soto, I save.— Ger. Telegraph. 
To Cleanse Metal Vessels Tarnished 
by Quicksilver. —Heat a poker or piece of 
iron till red hot; hold tho vessel over, and 
almost but not quite in contact with it, and 
the quicksilver will evaporate. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, 
For the week ending May 18, 1852. 
Jonas Holmes & Ephraim French, of Lee, Mass, 
for improvement in carding, by which variegated 
slivers are produced, 
Geo. W. Kennison, of Newbury port, Mass., for 
improvement in stoves. 
Clias. H. Platt, of New York> N. Y., for improved 
ship’s block. 
J. V. Tibbetts, of New York, N. Y, for im¬ 
provement in umbrellas. 
Win, Alford & John D. Spear, of the District of 
Southwark, Penn., for improvement in iron safes. 
Asabel G. Bacheldor, of Lowell, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in saw sets. 
Edmund Boothe, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in straining saws in saw mills. 
Wm. W. Marston & Fredk. Goodell, of New 
York, N. Y., for improvement in cartridges for 
breech loading guns. 
Edward Maynard, of New Nork, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in swings. 
E. P. Rider, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in cotton batting. 
Clarkson Rhodes, of Morrow, Ohio, for improve¬ 
ment in churns. 
Thos. N. Reid, of Baltimore, Md. for improve¬ 
ment in ovens. 
Charles R. Soule, of Fairfield, Vt, for improve¬ 
ment in hay rakes. 
B. S. Welch, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ments in cements. 
DESIGNS. 
Thos. A. Herrick, of Boston, Mass., assignor to 
Lemuel M. Leonard, of Taunton, Mass., for design 
for cook stoves. 
Niehs. S. Vedder it Wm. L. Sanderson, of Troy 
N. Y., assignor to Peter J. Clute, of Schenectady, 
N. Y., for design for a cook stove. 
EFFECTS OF NIGHT AIB. 
An error which exerts a most pernicious 
influence is the belief that the night air is 
injurious ; this opinion hinders the introduc¬ 
tion of ventilation more than all other 
errors together. Now there is not a parti¬ 
cle of proof, nor have wo any reason what¬ 
ever to believe, that the atmosphere of oxy¬ 
gen and nitrogen undergoes any change du¬ 
ring the night. But there are certain caus¬ 
es in operation at night which are known to 
exercise ever us an injurious influence. We 
will investigate them to see if closed doors 
and windows will shut them out or stop 
their operation. 
First it is known that there is a slight in¬ 
crease of carbonic acid from plants during 
the night, but this poison is generated in 
much larger quantity from the lungs of ani¬ 
mals, and accumulated immensely more in 
close rooms than in the open air. It is 
therefore certain that nothing is gained in 
this respect by refusing ventilation. The 
next difference between night and day, to 
be noticed, is the fact, that sun-light exer¬ 
cises a inost*importanc influence on plants 
and also on animals; but it is evident that j 
shutting out fresh air will not restore its j 
rays. Another fact is, that all bodies, ani- j 
mate or inanimate, exposed at night to the j 
direct rays of a clear sky, radiate heat with 
great rapidity, and their temperature is 
quickly and greatly reduced ; and it is well 
known that it is dangerous to the health of 
men for the temperature of their bodies to 
be rapidly and greatly reduced. But per¬ 
sons sleeping in a ventilated room, even if 
windows are open, are not exposed to the 
direct rays of the clear sky. (and the law 
does not apply to any othor combination of 
circumstances); therefore, this frequent 
source of injury to persons exposed does 
not reach thoso in a sheltered house. 
As to the injury to be feared from a cold I 
current of air, 1 would observe that it is 
cross carelessness for any one to expose him- j 
self to this danger, night or day, whether 
the house is ventilated or unventilated. I 
believo there is not known any other cause 
which can be supposed to produce any spe¬ 
cial injurious effect at night, and the least 
reflection will show that not one of those men¬ 
tioned can by any possibility injure a person 
more in a ventilated than in an unventila¬ 
ted house. It therefore follows that the ob¬ 
jection of the night air being injurious is 
entirely futile. The pure atmosphere has 
nothing to do with causing the death of per¬ 
sons exposed at night within the tropics; 
nor does it produce the cough of the con¬ 
sumptive and asthmatic, nor the languor 
and misery which the sick so frequently ex¬ 
perience. 
These and other sufferings experienced 
more particularly at night are caused by 
carbonic acid, abscence of sunlight, rapid 
reduction of temperature, the night being 
saturated with moisture, &c., and not by 
that without which we cannot live three 
minutes. It is absurd to suppose that fresh 
air supports our life and destroys our health 
at one and the same time. The same thing 
cannot possess the utterly compatible char¬ 
acter of good and evil, of supporting life and 
destroying it. 
Machine for Making Paver Bags. —This 
machine is of French invention and manu¬ 
facture. It is very compact, occupying a 
working space of only about six feet by 
four. With a small amount of power ex¬ 
pended upon its working, and with a slight 
addition of manual labor, it will turn out 
complete, no matter what the strength or 
resistance of the paper, 20 large (in trade 
language 7 lb.) bags por minute, and 12 
large (from 12 to 28 lb.) per minute. With 
the superintendence of two persons, after 
being put in motion it will do tho work of 
ten, the bags being superior to thoso con¬ 
structed by hand, inasmuch as they will 
stand open and upright .—English paper. 
ACTION OF WATER ON LEAD. 
We have lately seen a tiutnber of articles 
discussivo of the question whether or not 
tho action of wator upon lead pipe render¬ 
ed the water deleterious to health when 
consumed; and although the arguments in 
the negative wero able and ingenious, they 
were not sufficient to overturn the many 
well established facts ottered by the other 
side. It has, indeed, become so well sub¬ 
stantiated that water corrodes metallic lead 
and forms a poison which is always injurious 
and in many instances fatal when taken in¬ 
to the stomach, that no one ought at this 
day to dispute it. 
The immediate question, however, is—- 
and it is a very important one*—whether or 
not the water which is used from public 
works in towns and cities, acts sufficiently 
upon the lead, in its passage from tho iron 
main to the dwelling, as to endanger health. 
We should say unhesitatingly,that it depend¬ 
ed altogether upon the state of the water 
drawn off. If that be fresh from the iron 
pipo in the street, it would certainly be 
pure and harmless'; but if it had been re¬ 
maining in the lead pipe for some time— 
and the longer the less pure—it would un¬ 
doubtedly be unfit for family consumption. 
An incident occurring upon our own 
premises will confirm what wo say. We 
have a leaden reservoir for rainwater, hold¬ 
ing some fourteen hundred gallons, which 
contains water some eight and a half to 
nine months in the year. At the beginning 
of December last, fearing the effect of tho 
frost.upon the pipes, the water was let out as 
usual, to the amount of five or six hundred 
gallons, which ran into a fish pond, contain¬ 
ing at the time a couple of thousand gallons 
of other water; and the effect was instanta¬ 
neous upon the fish. In less than twenty- 
four hours, tho whole of them—some ten 
dozens, with the exception of about half a 
dozen—died. Some of them wero cat-fish 
of large size, which are regarded as among 
the very hardiest species. Tho half dozen 
were saved only by removing them from 
tho pond. On one occasion a gold fish was 
put into a tub of this water, and it no soon¬ 
er entered it, than it sprang over the sides 
out of the vessel; and when replaced, soon 
after died. 
Though these are simple occurrences, 
they bear very strongly against the use of 
leaden pipes for tho conveyance of water 
for cooking and drinking purposes.— Ger¬ 
mantown Tel. 
NEW SUBSTITUTE FOR OIL. 
The Boston Commonwealth says,.that a 
now illuminating fluid has been developed 
in New York, which will in a great measure 
supersede spirit lamps, as soon as the Pat¬ 
ent Office can settle its doubts. Large 
manufactories of benzule, a hydro-carbon, 
which has the property' of producing an 
excellent illuminating gas when dissolved 
in moist air, aro going up in New York and 
Brooklyn. The substance is manufactured 
from tar or mineral coal, and while it can 
be afforded at half the price of “ burning 
fluid” per gallon, it will yield infinitely mox-e 
illumination. The use of it would require 
a gasometer and gas fixtures in each house, 
but the cheapness of the consumption will 
put movable lamps of every kind nearly 
out of use. 
A New Cider Mill. — We find in the 
Harrisburgh Union a detailed account of a 
new cider mill invented by O. W. Hiekock, 
of that place, which really seems to possess 
substantial merit. “The principle upon 
which it is constructed is very simple, and 
what is most important, works to perfection. 
By this machine two men are enabled, by 
very little exertion, to produce from 18 to 
20 barrels of cider a day. The cost of the 
machine is $35.” The pomice is pressed in 
a small wooden vessel, in which every alter¬ 
nate stave is omitted—and so small a quan¬ 
tity as even a few quarts of cider can be 
made in a verv short time. The apparatus 
for crushing the apple is entirely different 
from the old mode, and the machine can also 
be used for chopping roots for cattle.— 
Germantown Telegraph. 
Improvement in Threshing Machines.— 
James Robinson, of West Hebron, Wash¬ 
ington Co., N. Y., has taken measures to se¬ 
cure a patent for an improvement in ma¬ 
chines for threshing grain. Tho object of 
the improvements aro mainly to combine 
the threshing apparatus in such a manner, 
with a wagon, that tho grain can bo thresh¬ 
ed on tho field while the wagon is moving, 
without taking it into the barn and bousing 
it. Of courso, in carrying out this ideaj 
thero must be other peculiar improvements 
in the arrangement of the machinery, to 
carry it out so as to render it useful, profit¬ 
able, and' practicable.— Scientific American. 
Dairyman’s Assistant. — Miss Lottie A. 
Smith, of Pinoville, Bucks Co., Pa., has ta¬ 
ken measures to secure a patent tor a good 
improvement on a new machine for working 
butter. For large dairies, one man or a 
dairymaid will be able, by this improved ma¬ 
chine, to work as much butter in the same 
time as five persons by the plans in common 
use, and do it with more ease. It is a most 
commendable improvement, and deserves 
the praise and consideration of our whole 
agricultural people.— Sci. Amer. 
Iron Flagging. —There is no end to the 
now purposes for which iron is beginning to 
be used. At Cincinnati, Ohio, they are ta¬ 
king up tho broad fiag stones which are laid 
down for foot passengers at the crossings of 
the streets, and substituting iron plates. 
A Dredging Machine is in use afc tho 
Washington Navy Yard, which is operated 
by two men, and can bring up, from a depth 
of thirty feet, one cubic yard; per minute, 
which discharged into a saow alongside. 
