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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
179 
€fje (Drrljart anb dnrfon. 
HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 
The Weekly Horticultural Exhibition was 
held on the 29th ult., at Corinthian Hall. 
Ellwanger & Barry contributed largely, 
as usual, to the Exhibition. Among the 
hardy shrubs were fine varieties of the Spi¬ 
raea, eleven of the Lilac, six of the Ber¬ 
ber is —the Purple Magnolia, Pyrus Japani- 
ca, Red and White Tartarica, Red, Whit A 
and Yellow Horse Chestnut, Flowering Ash, 
Yellow Azalea, the double flowering apple ; 
also some fine varieties of the hardy rose 
—a largo and beautiful collection of Tulips 
—and numerons and beautiful Green House 
Plants. Also some beautiful Peonies. 
Mr. King exhibited thirty-three varieties 
of singlo Tulips, twelve double, and five 
others—twenty-six varieties of the Pansoy, 
thirteen of the Calceolaria and other varie¬ 
ties of Green House Plants. 
Messrs. Frost and Webster exhibited 
fine varieties and species of Green House 
Plants and Roses—and Mr. Donnellan a 
fino collection of Tulips. 
Mrs. John Williams exhibited a large va¬ 
riety of Tulips. 
Mrs. Jewell, also contributed a fine col¬ 
lection of Tulips. 
Mr. Critchell exhibited some very fine 
apples, of the long keeping varieties. 
Dr. Long exhibited the Kingsley apple, 
and several other varieties of tho long- 
keepers. Also, a series of paintings design¬ 
ed to represent the choicest varieties of ap¬ 
ples. 
L. Wetiierell exhibited forty-five species 
of native flowers, from the woods and fields. 
Several boautiful fruit paintings were ex¬ 
hibited by C. F. Van Doorn, very credit¬ 
able to him as an artist. 
We were misinformed last week, relative 
to the exhibitors of the Apples credited to 
J. H. Watts. They were from Messrs. 
Cherry & Shepard.— w. 
of excellent fruit. This has alwaj-s looked 
to me like poor economy. Tho ono yields 
nothing but leaves to please the eyo of the 
passer-by; tho othor would look even more 
beautiful, besides the value of the fruit and 
the pleasure it yields to himself and family. 
When the balance is struck we believe it fa¬ 
vors tho planting of fruit trees for orna¬ 
ment. J. Sibley. 
HABITS OF THE CURCULIO. 
IMPROVEMENT OF OLD PEAR TREES. 
Messrs. Editors :—Twenty-five years 
since I engrafted two small white thorn 
stocks at the root with the English Jargon¬ 
elle pear. They were set in tho fenco cor¬ 
ners, on land that had never been tilled. At 
thg same time I procured and set d small 
tree of the Summer Bonchretien, here 
called tho “ Sibley Pear.” The weeds and 
grass were kept away from around the ti'oos 
for several years and then the grass was 
suffered to get in and remain. The Jargon¬ 
elle trees grew finely and came early into 
bearing, and have borne bountifully every 
year sinco, but for two or three years tho 
fruit, although large and fair, has been of 
little value, having been nearly tasteless, 
even when ripened in the house. The 
Bonchretien tree came into bearing several 
years later than the others and has borne 
sparingly every year since, until last year. 
The pears produced for a few years wore 
large and fair, weighing nearly.a pound each, 
but for six or seven years the fruit has been 
gradually growing smaller from year to year 
until it became small, cracked and of little 
value. 
Two years ago, an effort was made to 
renovate this tree.—and notwitwstanding 
it had always been kept well pruned, 
I cut away nearly one half of tho small 
branches and scraped it thoroughly and 
washed it with lye. The-ground around 
the tree was dug up with a spade, care be¬ 
ing taken to injure tho roots as little as pos¬ 
sible. But this did not appear to do any 
good ; tho fruit was as poor as it was before. 
Last spring I procured from a blacksmith’s 
shop where horses had been shod, about 
twenty bushels of manure, which was com¬ 
posed of horse manure, parings of hoofs, 
cinders, &c. This was spread around the 
tree and dug in. 
The result of this treatment was, the treo 
last season was loaded with fruit, and had 
it been thinned out as it should have been, 
it would have all been large and fair. As 
it was, it was nearly all so. The product 
was probably over twenty bushels. But 
what to me was the most remarkable, was, 
the fruit ripened in succession on the tree 
from the last of August till late in October, 
and the flavor was far superior to what it 
had ever been before. I intend the present 
spring to try to improve the flarvor of the 
fruit of tho other trees in tho same way. 
Linus Cone. 
Troy, Oakland Co., Mich., May, 1852:'- 
The curculio is a small insect not more 
than a quarter of an inch long, of a dark 
brown color, tho sheaths covering tho wings 
slightly variegated with lighter colors, the 
body resembling in size and appearance a 
ripe hemp seed. It is distinguished by an 
elongation of tho head, resembling a con¬ 
spicuous rostrum or beak projecting from 
the front part of its thorax. 
About tho time the young fruit attains the 
size ol a pea, the curculio begins its work of 
destruction. It makes a small croscent- 
shaped incision in the young fruit, and lays 
its egg in the oponing. The presence of 
the egg may bo easily detected by these in¬ 
cisions upon tho surface. Tho egg soon 
hatches into a small white larva, which on- 
tors the body of tho fruit and feeds upon 
it, causing, usually, its promaturo fall to the 
ground. 
The period at which tho young fruit falls, 
after being punctured, varies with its age 
at tho time of the injury. The earlier por¬ 
tions drop in about two weeks; but if tho 
stone is hard when the egg is laid the fr,uit 
remains till near tho usual period of ripen¬ 
ing, sometimes presenting a fair and smooth 
exterior, but spoiled by tho worm within. 
The insect soon after the fall of the fruit, 
makes its way into- the earth, whore it is 
supposed to remain until the following 
spring, when it is transformed into tho per¬ 
fect insect or beetle, to lay its eggs and per¬ 
petuate its race. Instances, however, have 
occurred, where tho transformation has ta¬ 
ken place within twenty days of the fall of 
the fruit. 
The curculio travels by flying, but only 
during quite warm weather, or at the heat 
of the day. The insects mostly confine 
themselves to certain trees, or to "tho same 
orchard. But tho fact that newly bearing 
and isolated orchards are soon attacked, 
clearly shows that in occasional instances 
they must travel .considerable distances.— 
Indeed, they have been known to bo wafted 
on tho wind for a half mile or more, the 
windward side of orchards being most in¬ 
fested, immediately after strong winds from 
a thickly planted plum neighborhood. In 
tho cool of the morning, they are nearly 
torpid, and scarcely fly, and crawl but slow¬ 
ly ; hence at this time of day they are most 
easily destroyed. 
Their flight appears to bo nevor more 
than a few feet from the ground, and suc¬ 
cessful attempts have been made to shut 
them out of fruit gardens by means of a 
tight board fence, nine, or ten feet high, en¬ 
tered by a tight gato.— Fruit Culturist. 
ORNAMENTAL TREES. 
Ornamental Trees are well enough where 
there is plenty of land to plant them, if they 
are of the right kinds. But thoso largo 
trees which bear nothing but leaves will not 
pay any where ,—7 and certainly, on small 
village lots, the owner should not plant a 
locust tree that in a few years will occupy 
as much space as is needed for an apple 
tree that, would yield eight or ten bushels 
JUNE HINTS.-HOEING, WEEDS, &c., 
No implement on tho farm is in more de¬ 
mand than tho Iloe in the month of June. 
Get a good one and keep it smooth and 
bright. Let it bo of tho right weight, re¬ 
membering that he “ who makes °with a 
common hoe. two thousand strokos an hour, 
should not wield a needless ounce. If any 
part is heavier than necessary, even to the 
amount of half an ounce only, ho must 
continually lift tho half ounce, so that tho 
whole strength thus spent would be equal, 
a <lay, to twelve hundred and fifty pounds, 
which ought to be exerted in stirring tho 
soil and destroying tho weeds. ” It is im¬ 
portant, also, to see that tho hoe stands just 
right, neither out nor in too much, but in 
th.Yt position which will enable the person 
to stand in an easy attitude while using 
it. Hoeing is of the utmost imprtance in 
farm, husbandry. It keeps the ground in 
fine tilth, which is its proper condition to 
receive light and heat, and the important 
atmospheric influences. 
* Weeds, are merely grasses out of place- 
They get a great many kicks, cuts, and 
curses, from the indolent and thoughtless, 
—but they are really “blessings in disguise.” 
How many fields and gardens would feel 
the plow and hoe, if no weeds appeared? 
and would present a hard, impervious crust 
resisting all efforts of the genial sun or cool¬ 
ing dews to enter and feed the starving roots. 
But the weeds spring up as faithful moni¬ 
tors to prompt us to duty! calling us from 
field to garden, as each demands attention. 
Look no longer, then, upon the weeds as 
pests and plagues; but by careful industry 
exclude them from the crops which you pre¬ 
fer to them.— JY. E. Farmer. 
ROOT PRUNING. 
WASH FOR APPLE TREES. 
We again recommend potash water for 
washing apple trees. Many people seem 
fearful that a wash of ley will hurt their 
trees, and they are frequently asking what 
they shall do to kill the borers. We now 
refer them to the statements of a numbor 
of orchardists who applied for premiums 
last year in Middlesex county. All who 
washed with ley state that tho borer has not 
troubled them. One of them, Caleb Wight 
of Westford, does not wash with ley. Ho 
says, “ I wash my trees with lime, clay, salt, 
and green manure, which I think is better 
than potash.” 
Now mark how Mr. Wright gets rid of the 
borer. He says, “The insect that most 
troubles me is the borer, and what I use to 
get rid of them is the mallet and gouge !” 
Wo pity the man who is forced to resort to 
this antiquated method to cut out worms 
that would never bo found in the tree that 
is washed with ley. 
We should much prefer to lot the borers 
remain in tho trees rather than trust to the 
nicest gouger to dig for them. They come 
out of their own accord the third year— 
turn to flics and die, as silk worms do. By 
washing the trees tho flies are kept away 
and lay no eggs there. And when they have 
laid their eggs at the root of tho treo the 
ley destroys them. 
It ought to be applied in June before the 
flies begin to lay their eggs. But July will 
answer when you intend to kill the eggs 
that have been laid. Wo have nover known 
this fly to lay her eggs in any month but 
July. Ono pound of potash will make one 
gallon of ley strong enough for trees.— 
Massachusetts Ploughman. 
THE WATERMELON. 
A few years ago, I recollected to havo 
seen in some agricultural newspaper, direc¬ 
tions for tho raising of fine watermelons 
on any kind of soil. It was simply, in sub¬ 
stance, to sink holes to tho depth of about 
eighteen inches, and about the same num¬ 
ber of inches square, in squares of not less 
than ten feet apart. Into these holes place 
stable manure, mixing it well, about half 
and half with the original soil. In these 
places plant tho seeds of the melon, cover¬ 
ing to the depth of some five or six inches. 
Leave but ono vino in a place, and but one 
stem on a vino. With a sharp knife cut all 
the little clinging tendrils, and let the vine 
grow. I have tried it, and found tho success 
to be beyond my most sanguine expecta¬ 
tions. The melons aro much larger than 
those raised in the ordinary way, and the 
flavor is altogether superior.— Granite Far. 
Jtluljfuiic fits &• Itttntt. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, 
For the week ending May 25, 1852. 
Albert F. Andrews, of Avon, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in machines for making fuses. 
Jas. W. Farrell, of Reading, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in locomotive boilers. 
Henry Blakely, of New York, N. Y„ for im¬ 
provement in tumblers of locks. 
Wm. B. Carpenter, of New York, N. Y., As¬ 
signor to W. D. Salisbury and S. Y. I). Arrow- 
smith, of same’jilace, for improvement in watch- 
chain swivels. 
John B. Chambers, of Pittsbugh, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in mortising machines. 
Simon W. and Reuben M. Draper, of Roxbor- 
oiigh, Mass., for improvement in stone-dressing 
machines. * 
Albert and Morris Falkenau and Morris Poliak, 
of New York, N. Y., for improvement in swivel 
hook. 
Geo. Johnston, of Farmington; Iowa, for im¬ 
provement in worm tubs of stills. 
David Marsh of Fairfield, Conn., for improve¬ 
ment in flour bolts. 
Wm. H. Mason, of Boston, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in lubricating oils. 
Samuel Nill, of Carroll County, Md., for im¬ 
provement in hominy machines. 
E. G. Otis, of Bergen, N. J., for improvement 
in railroad car trucks and brakes. 
Joseph Smolinski, of New Y'ork, N. Y., for im r 
provemeut in cooking apparatus. 
Stephen Thurston, of Scranton, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in cast iron car wheels. 
Dennison Woodcock, of Independence Centre, 
N. Y., for improvement in machines for jointing 
staves. 
DESIGNS. 
Wm. Redhcffer, of the District of Spring Gar¬ 
den, Pa., for design for ladies’ hair combs. 
Nathaniel Waterman, of Boston Mass., for de¬ 
sign for towel stand. 
ELECTRO MAGNETIC POWER. 
Dnratstit dronmmj. 
FRENCH AND ENGLISH COOKERY. 
Some experiments that have been made 
in this mode of pruning fruit and other trees 
have proved very successful. Trees that 
have not borne for some years, have been 
rendered productive by shortening their 
roots. Tho process is, to dig a °trench 
around tho tree five or six feet from the 
trunk, sufficiently deep to exposo tho roots 
and then cut them off carefully. Fill the 
trench with a compost formed of muck, 
chip manure, slaked lime, charcoal dust, 
old picklo, &c., covering it with oarth to pre¬ 
vent evaporation. 
A friend informed us that a valuable 
pear treo of his, that had nearly ceased to 
bear, was made to produce a fine crop last 
year by digging the earth away from it, for 
three or four feet around tho trunk suf¬ 
ficiently deep to oxposo the roots, and filling 
in with the cinder and dust from a black^ 
smith’s forge, and covering it with earth. 
The body of tho tree was scraped and washed 
with strong potash wator.— Farmer fy Ar- 
tizan. 
There are some points of difference be¬ 
tween tho greatly diverse systems of cook¬ 
ing in Frailee and England, from which we 
think our readers can gather valuable hints. 
ThoJFrench make cooking much more of a 
study than other nations, and we do not 
think their dishes aro usually richer than 
our own, though thoro are exceptions. The 
principal characteristics of their system as 
distinguished from the English, are.— 
1. They make a groat variety of dishes 
from tho same article, even giving several 
different flavors to tho same kind of meat 
at diflerent times, while tho English think 
no flavor produced by tho art of the cook 
can equal or add to tho original flavor of 
each kind of meat. 
2. They prepare every article with great 
care ; for instance, if boiling meat, they cook 
it quite slowly, so as not to render it tough 
by rapid boiling, and also cook it longer, so 
as to favor digestion; and boil vegetables in 
just sufficient water, and precisely long 
enough, to cook them thoroughly without 
their becoming insipid by losing flavor or 
sweotness, ami often improving their flavor 
by the addition of savory herbs or spices. 
3. They use much less meat than the En¬ 
glish or Americans, and a much greater va¬ 
riety ot vegetable dishes—much more pains 
being taken by the gardeners to supply the 
market with every available vegetable in its 
season, so that it was very interesting to pass 
through tho market buildings and notice 
the varieties, and tho evidences they bore of 
careful and scientific culture. 
4. They have a greater number of what 
is termed “made dishes,” Chat is—not a sim¬ 
ple articlo of food, but several properly com- 
jfounded into one. 
5. French dishes are made to please tho 
eye as well as tho taste, and have so far a 
decided advantage over tho English. No 
vegetables swimming in water—no heavy, 
ill-shaped, or burned articles of food are suf¬ 
fered to bo brought on, but everything is 
light, neat and elegant. 
6. Lastly, theirs is a remarkably econom¬ 
ical stylo of cooking—nothing is suffered to 
bo lost. Joints, and parts of meat usually 
considered nearly- worthless aro prepared 
by them so as to be really tempting Very 
many of their made dishes, so much praised 
by visitors, are composed of remnants from 
previous meals, which with us, are usually 
poorly warmed up, or thrown aside. The 
water in which any kind of meat has been 
boiled, is always preserved for soup, and all 
bones are re-boilod, to extract tho gelatine, 
which is its most valuable ingredient. Soups 
are very much usod in France, and wo think 
if once adoptod here thoy would be highly 
prized. 
Tho health depends to so great an extent 
upon the food, that tlu* importance of great 
care in its preparation should be strongly 
urged. And as the warm season advances, 
if food can bo propared simpler, with less 
tat, and less fat meat, and bo equally pleas¬ 
ing to the taste, health will doubtless be 
greatly promoted .—Ohio Cultivator. 
The announcement of tho construction 
of a magnetic engine at Poughkeepsie, re¬ 
calls to mind somo experiments which I un¬ 
dertook two or three years ago, the object 
of which was to test the feasibility of ap¬ 
plying the power of electro magnets direct¬ 
ly to tho task of propelling a beam. 
The attraction which an electro magnet 
exerts upon its armature at a very small 
distance is very great, but the power of at¬ 
traction diminishes rapidly as the distance 
increases. • For this reason tho play of a 
movable armature is very small, and tho 
applicability of the power of attraction to 
mechanical purposes, very much diminished, 
if not rendered entirely useless. To reme¬ 
dy this I contrived a chain of magnets so 
attached, that when not magnetised they 
would separate from each other, leaving 
about one-sixth of an inch or less, between 
each magnet. The chain thus consisting of 
six pieces would, have a play of one inch, 
that of twelve pieces, two inches, while a 
chain thus constructed of six feet in length 
would allow of a play of one foot. As 
many chains might be attached to a beam 
as necessary. Thus, 1 supposed, I had the 
key to the long sought for problem, but on 
testing tho matter, difficulties sprang up.— 
First, the magnets were contrived of such a 
shapo that no ordinary workman could 
make them without an infinite deal of trou¬ 
ble, and this, the persons to* whom I appli¬ 
ed seemed loth to undertake. At length, 
however, Colby managed to turn a number 
of magnets, and I set about arranging the 
apparatus for the experiment. 
The magnets were an inch in length and 
seven-eights thick, round, with sockets form¬ 
ed by punching an oblong cavity in the 
sides, then drillingfrom the end to this cavi¬ 
ty. By inserting screws in these sockets 
the proper amount of play was easily se¬ 
cured. Then the chain was enclosed in a 
zinc tube which was just large enough to al¬ 
low tho magnets to play easily. The whole 
was next wound with several thicknesses of 
copper wire and the coil connected with the 
galvanic battery, which was one of the com¬ 
mon cylinder batterries. The battery was 
charged with a strong, exciting liquid of 
sulphuric acid and water, but from a defect 
in the sort of iron (rolled iron,) tho appa¬ 
ratus would not work. I think that the 
fault was in the material of which the mag¬ 
nets were constructed, because on after trial 
with separate pieces, I found that the iron 
pieces were not readily, nor could they be, 
highly magnetized. 
Owing to a lack of means 1 have not had 
the experiment repeated, but I cannot con¬ 
ceive why these chains of magnets should 
not work well. The armatures will, in the 
chains, bo suppliod by the contrary end of 
the adjacent magnet, and thus a double at¬ 
traction will be obtained. It is not proba¬ 
ble that the arrangement will he of any 
practical importance, yet it must bo of some 
interest to tho curious. I was led to devise 
this chain of soft iron magnets with tho 
heliese, by observing the action of tho mus¬ 
cles of animals. I noticed that when tho 
muscles of a floyod frog were contracted 
under the influence of a weak galvanic 
current, they grew thicker, and that con¬ 
sequently the diminution in the dimensions 
of tho muscle consisted only in the matter 
of length. While employed in experiments 
upon the limbs of frogs, the idea struck me 
that the nervous influence, must be as was 
already supposed by many, identical with 
electricity, and that the nerves probably 
servo as wires or conductors, and that a 
muscle is but a bundle of magnetic chains, 
of such a curious character that tho art ot 
man cannot copy them. Then tho idea 
suggested itself that a chain of soft iron 
magnets might be constructed which would 
work as well as a muscle. I have sinco seen 
that tho idoa that tho electrical force is 
identical with the nervous influence, has 
been denied and perhaps refuted by proof, 
(see “Annual Scientific Discovery, 1850,”) 
still I adhere to my old supposition as I 
am not convinced to the contrary. Be it as 
it may, however, the identity or difference 
has little to do with tho case in hand, for 
galvanism certainly acts upon tho muscular 
system with as great power as tho nervous 
influonco can, and thus wo find an electrical 
power adopted by tho Great Creator for 
producing tho necessary movements of tho 
animal economy, operating successfully since 
tho world began, and still acting with unc(i- 
minislied energy. C. II. Strowger. 
Pcufield, N. Y., 1852. 
CHLORIDE OF LIME. 
This substance is formed by placing fresh 
burnt lime in closed vessels, where it is ex¬ 
posed to a gas called chlorine ; which it ab¬ 
sorbs in great quantity, and acquires its pe¬ 
culiar- odor. The gas chlorine is distin¬ 
guished by several remarkable properties. 
Itposesses a most peculiar odor, and destroys 
all vegetable colors placed in it—hence its 
great value in bleaching. It is also a great 
aid to ventilation by removing infection or. 
any unpleasant smell arising from decay¬ 
ing substances. It, is if breathed in small 
quantities, extremely wholesome; but if 
much of it is mixed with tho air, it is ir¬ 
ritating to a great degreo. Tho use of 
chlorido of lime dopends o.n the fact that 
if exposed to the air, it gives out its chlorine; 
and in such a gradual manner, that the un¬ 
pleasant effects of tho gas are not produced, 
whilst enough is set free to destroy bad 
smells or prevent infection. If it is re¬ 
quired to purify a room more rapidly, some 
acid, such as oil of vitriol and water may be 
added, when the gas is given out much more 
rapidly. 
Ail school rooms and workshops in closo 
and crowded districts, should bo fumigated 
with this disinfecting gas once a week at 
least. It is the bounden duty of the city 
authorities to see that during the hot sea¬ 
son or infectious periods, all school rooms, 
public markets, and tho like be purified and 
fumigated by this gas. There is an estab¬ 
lishment at iStubenvillo, Ohio, for tho man¬ 
ufacture of soda ash and chloride of lime. 
It cannot but be profitable, as immense 
quantities of chloride of lime is used for 
bleaching cottons, linens, &c.— Fur. fy Mech. 
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING STAVES. 
Daniel Drawbaugh, of White Hill, Cum¬ 
berland Co., l’a., has invented an improve¬ 
ment in machinery for cutting staves. Ho 
gives the back of the rough block of wood 
to be cut into staves, an oblique motion, by 
means of inclined guides attached to a con- 
cavo, said guides fitting in recesses in tho 
inner edge of the movable bed on which 
the block is placed. Tho bed, as it is mov¬ 
ed upwards, forces tho block against a con- 
cavo knife, which cuts the staves, giving 
them tho requisite concave shape. Behind 
the concave knife there is a roller which 
holds the stave against the knife as it is be¬ 
ing cut, thus preventing it from splitting 
and riving into a bad anti incorrectly formed 
rough stave. The improvement is a good 
ono. Measures have been taken to secure 
a patent.— Scientific American. 
Improved Telegraph Battery. —An im¬ 
proved Telegraph battery, invented by Mr. 
Reid, telegraph engineer in London, has 
been tried at Dover and Calais. Two of the 
submarine wires were connected with the in¬ 
struments, and put in circuit with the bat¬ 
teries. A commendable imp«ovoment is 
made in the weight and bulk of these bat¬ 
teries; the new style being four inches long, 
by one and a half inches deep, and weighing 
one pound five ounces. The old common 
battery used on the lines is 36 inches loug, 
inches wide, 8£ inches deep, and weighs 
64 lbs. In the experiments of Mr. Reid, 
the operators at either terminus introduced 
into the mouth corresponding pieces of 
zinc and silver, three-fourths of an inch 
square. An increase in size produced an 
improvement of the signals. The commu¬ 
nications were made rapidly and with cor¬ 
rectness ; the secret process is not divulged. 
— JY. Y. Times. 
Improvements in Roofing. —Aaron Price 
of Dana, Worcester county, Mass., has ta¬ 
ken measures £(/ secure an improvement in 
tho jointing of boards or planks for tho pur¬ 
pose of forming roofs. Tho nature of this 
improvement consists in a peculiar manner 
of locking tho boards or planks together, for 
roofing, and it is also applicable to tho form¬ 
ing of floors, &c. Each board has two 
grooves in it, one on each side, at a conven¬ 
ient distance from tho edges, and the pro¬ 
jection in ono board fits into the groove of 
the other," thus forming catches which are 
firm and snug, and which will enable roofs 
to be made with boards instead of shingles, 
or lining.— Scientific American. 
