MOORE’S It ML NEW-YORKER I AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
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HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 
The Fourth Exhibition of the Horticul¬ 
tural Society of the Genesee Valley was 
held on Saturday, the 19th of June. It 
was the finest of the season, thus far. Tho 
show of Roses was peculiarly attractive. 
John J. Tiiomas, of Macedon, exhibited 
a large collection of very fine roses; also, 
many other species and varieties of flowers. 
He presented tho Committee on Entomolo¬ 
gy a large collection of Curculios, which he 
denominated his morning crop. Ono hun¬ 
dred of them were from tho apple tree— 
the others from tho pear, plum and apricot. 
Mr. Frost exhibited a large collection of 
Green-house plants, and other flowers—so 
did Mr. Webster, from the East Avcnuo.— 
This collection, with Mr. Bissell’s Geran¬ 
iums, and particularly the latter, attracted 
much attention. They were the most splen¬ 
did ever exhibited in the Society—and were 
of the Scarlet variety. Mr. Webster ex¬ 
hibited a good collection of roses. 
Messrs. Ellwangeu & Barry as usual 
exhibited a choice collection of Green-house 
plants—and a variety of flowers, with a 
large collection and choice varieties bf tho 
Rose. 
Mr. King’s Green-house and garden wero 
as usual, well represented. 
Mr. Dormellan exhibited somo fine gar- 
den vegetables, and beautiful, white pcenies. 
Mr. Grosman exhibited garden vegeta¬ 
bles that were good to look upon—especial¬ 
ly his well grown peas. 
Mr. Bull exhibited a large collection of 
fine roses. 
Mrs. Marcus Jewell, somo fine flowers. 
Miss Kemp, of Grove Place, fine bou¬ 
quets. 
Mr. Fitch, of Riga, somo fino flowers. 
Mr. Eastman, presented a fino variety of 
choice roses. 
Mr. Gray exhibited a collection of Na- 
tivo plants and flowers. So did L. Wetii- 
ERELL. 
The Fruit Committeo, J. J. Tiiomas, Ch’n, 
report as follows: 
“ R. G. Pardee, of Palmyra, presented 8 
varieties of the Strawberry, among which 
were Prince’s Profuso Scarlet, Richardson’s 
Cambridge, Cornucopia, and Lizzy Ran¬ 
dolph ; the two former good, the latter defici¬ 
ent in fine flavor—also Boston Pine, Gene¬ 
see Seedling, Largo Fairly Scarlet, and Other 
fine sorts. 
M. G. Warner, of Rochester, exhibited 
those throe standard sorts, tho Largo Early 
Scarlet, Boston Pino, and Burr’s New Pine. 
Ellwanger & Barry exhibited 7 varie¬ 
ties, including Unique Scarlet, Prolific Or¬ 
ange, and Genesee, fino sorts of their own 
originating—fino specimens of Iowa, a showy, 
acid, but not high flavored berry. 
May Bigarreau (Bauman's May) cherries, 
from Orrin Morse ; and Newtown pippins, 
from Stephen Hyde, of Palmyra, well kept: 
and tho Kingsley apple, in a fino state of 
preservation, from Dr. Long.” 
Tho Exhibition was well attended con¬ 
sidering tho brief notice.—w. 
HORTICULTURE IN BUFFALO. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker :—It may not 
bo uninteresting to your readers to hear of 
Horticultural matters in this city. Our 
Society is steadily progressing both in ex¬ 
tent and usefulness, and its legitimate re¬ 
sults are seen in tho numerous beautiful 
gardens which now abound in our suburbs, 
and tho fine fruits, choico vegetables, and 
exquisite flowers which are to be found here 
in their appropriate seasons. Wo have also 
one of the best arranged and most com¬ 
plete Agricultural Warehouses in the State, 
conducted by Messrs. Mason & Lovering, 
with a spirit and tact worthy of success; 
and it is gratifying to know that, although 
in the first year of its existence, their es¬ 
tablishment is well ^appreciated and doihg 
a thriving business. 
As an instance of advancement here in 
matters pomological, I would point you to 
the startling fact communicated by Prof. 
W. R. Coppock, in the May number of tho 
Horticulturist, that “ono of his immediate 
neighbors had just marketed his annual crop 
of seven hundred barrels of Baldwins, and 
another a like quantity of lloxbury Rus¬ 
sets !” Fourteen hundred barrels of choice 
fruit, marketed from ono neighborhood, is 
pretty well, and when you add to this the 
amount of fruit used about tho premises, 
oat up by tho swine, or perchance made in¬ 
to cider, it requires no groat stretch of the 
imagination to add another seven hundrd 
barrels, making a grand total of twenty-one 
hundred barrels of Baldwins and Roxbury 
Russets from one locality. Then if you add 
the other varieties, which in all probability 
such extensivo fruit-growers would bo likely 
to cultivate, merely as samples, if nothing 
olso, tho sum total would grow to a stillmore 
astonishing amount! 
The gratifying facts, as shown by the wor¬ 
thy Professor, are engaging tho attention of 
Pomologists abroad and at home. At a late 
meeting of tho Horticultural Society they 
paid him the distinguished honor of propo¬ 
sing a Committee to inquire into the mode 
of culturo of this enormous crop—whether 
it had been shipped to Europe—and if so the 
mode of packing, &c. I believe the Pro¬ 
fessor’s innato modesty caused him in very 
polite and courteous language to decline tho 
proposed honor, and there, at present, tho 
matter rests. Indeed tho public are not 
fully aware how much is due to the indefat¬ 
igable and energetic Professor. That ho 
stands high as a Pomologist is evidenced by 
tho fact, that when the State Fair was held 
in Buffalo, he received theirs# premium for 
the greatest and best variety of pears—over 
tho heads of all our old fruit growers and 
nurserymen. As a florist he all but receiv¬ 
ed equal honor for the display of suporb 
asters which he brought from France, and 
exhibited at the last Fair at Syracuse. I 
could go on and adduce other and startling 
facts, showing how much tho science here is 
indebted to the Professor; and perhaps in a 
future number will givo you tho details of 
some of his interesting experiments in re- 
juverating old orchards, &c. His extreme 
modesty would doubtless keep all these 
things in tho dark, but as the world is to be 
benefited, I shall occasionally tako tho lib¬ 
erty of lifting tho curtain. Hardware. 
Buffalo N. Y., June, 1852. 
GARDEN INSECTS. 
At this season, when fino, healthy look¬ 
ing plants are beginning to gladden tho eye 
of the gardener, and givo him hope of a 
plentiful supply of fruits and vegetables, 
how aggravating to go into tho garden each 
morning only to witness tho loss of somo 
cherished plant—somo rare melon, a few 
seeds of which had been sent from a dis¬ 
tance—alas every plant cut down in a night! 
There is scarcely a plant used in garden 
culture, that has not its enemy, yea, its ma¬ 
ny enemies. If its root escape it sappro- 
priate enemy, something else stands ready 
to attack the stalk ; if it develope its leaves 
another class of insects make theso their 
prey; another attacks tho flower, and still 
another class tho seeds. 
To preserve the garden from these legions 
of destroyers, requires a constant watch¬ 
fulness ai#d precaution. Probably more 
can be accomplished by way of prevention 
than by cure. Turning up the soil in the 
fall and routing out tho grubs and insects 
that have nestled into comfortable winter 
quarters, together with the free application 
of salt, will do much towards eradicating 
these pests. 
But this is not tho timo for this kind of 
advice; the plants are in the earth, and tho 
destroying insects are on hand. What is 
now to be done. Many kinds aro probably 
better destroyed by hand picking than by 
any other method. 
Y r ou have not the timo, you say, for this ; 
well, set tho children at it. Givo them 
something for every hundred worms or bugs 
they will bring you—or for every pint.— 
Much can bo done by putting offensive mat¬ 
ters around tho plant, dashing the plant 
when wet, with soot, ashes, snuff, charcoal, 
sulphur, lime, &c., or watering them with 
solutions of soap (soapsuds) saltpetre, gua¬ 
no. whale-oil soaps, tobacco. &c. Somo in¬ 
sects aro best destroyed by fumigation with 
tobacco smoko or sulphur. Soap suds aro 
recommended highly for use, becauso in ad¬ 
dition to its valuo as an insect destroyer, it 
is very enriching to the soil, stimulating to 
the growth of the plant. This stimulus to 
the early growth of plants, is itself a most 
excellent preservative against insect depre¬ 
dations. 
Whale-oil-soap is made by mixing eigh¬ 
teen pounds of potash and twenty pounds 
of foot oil in a barrel; twolve quarts of 
boiling water should bo added to the mix¬ 
ture everyday until the barrel bo full, stir¬ 
ring tho whole at each addition of water.— 
When the barrel is full tho soap is fit to use, 
and is to be applied with a watering pot or 
a syringe. Schenk recommends the use of 
a solution of hen dung as a'very successful 
application. He puts a bushel of the ma¬ 
nure into a large tub, and pours upon it sev¬ 
eral pails of water, stirring it frequently, 
until tho mass becomes semi-fluid; fills up 
the tub with water, and lets it stand some 
hours longer; the liquid should be of a dark 
green color and offensive to the nostrils.— 
For vines, probably the vine shield, a box 
twelve or fourteen inches square at bottom, 
and large enough to tako an eight by ten 
light of glass at top, and about 4 or 5 inches 
high, is the best protection. Chickens, quite 
young, are valuable auxiliaries to the gar¬ 
den, the scratching mother being confined 
in her cage. The motto in our warfare 
against insects should be, “ There can be no 
peace without dishonor.— Granite Farmer. 
Tiie Cincinnati Association of Systematic 
Botanists, having for its object the study and 
advancement of Systematic and Scientific 
Botany, has been recently organized. Presi¬ 
dent. John A. Warder; Secretary, Jas. W. 
Ward, Esq. Tho objects of the Society aro 
eminently practical, embracing the classifi¬ 
cation, nomenclature and normal habits of 
plants and the definition of their general 
characters, together with tho history and 
description of tho insects that feed on and 
destroy them. 
Camihior is procured from a treo which 
grows largely in India and China. Tho 
largest quantity of tho gum is found in tho 
knots and roots. It is distilled with water. 
Domestic dBcoiiomi], Jtterljnmc Slrts & lettuce. 
HOMINY, OR SAMP. 
Hominy, or as it is called by many, 
“ samp,” is with tho writer a favorite dish. 
If it is rightly ground, properly prepared 
and cooked, it is second only to rice in pal¬ 
atable qualities. Besides, it is healthy and 
invigorating. The idea prevails with some, 
that corn is only suited for hominy whilo it 
is fresh and new, but this is a mistake. It 
is equally as good in winter, spring, or mid¬ 
summer; only, whon dry and hard the corn 
is liable to crack finer, unless greater care is 
taken by the miller. Hominy, to bo prime, 
should be as coarsely ground or cracked as 
possible. Tho miller will find no difficulty 
in cracking it coarse, even when dry, if he 
will placo the corn in a baskotand dash two 
or three buckets of water on it, let it drain 
and then grind while damp. 
When it comes from the mill, tho house¬ 
wife should sift it to removo tho meal and 
finer portions, spread it on a clean cloth to 
air and cool—when it may bo put away in 
a cool, dry placo. When about to be cooked, 
it should be thoroughly washed to remove 
tho loose hulls, &c., letting it stand over 
night to soak in a very little water. 
It should be boiled gently over a mode¬ 
rate fire four or five hours—six are better. 
It should be at all events most thoroughly 
cooked, and that not by violent means.— 
Served with rich, sweet milk, it makes a 
dish that kings might envy—either hot or 
cold; buttered and sorved with syrup, it is 
most palateablo. And yet, when cold, cut 
in slices and then browned in a hot and but¬ 
tered spidor, and served for breakfast with 
butter, syrup or honey, it is still A, No. 1, 
on tho list of good things. t. e. w. 
PHILOSOPHY OF EATING. 
Use but two or three kinds of food, be¬ 
sides bread and butter, at a single meal, and 
never eat any thing between meals. You 
should cat at regular hours, anti but three 
times a day, with two intervals of not less 
than five hours each, nor more than six. 
Cold water retards digestion, and so does 
any liquid, if much is taken during or soon 
after a meal; half a glass at a meal is 
enough. From an hour and a half after a 
meal until within half an hour before the 
next ono. you may drink as much water as 
you desire; it is best, however, to drink but 
a swallow or two at a time, with an interval 
of half a minute or more; otherwise you 
may tako more than nature requires before 
you know it, just as in eating fast. 
If too much fluid is taken during meals 
it dilutes the gastric juice, thus weakening 
the powers of digestion, and retaining the 
food longer in the stomach than is natural; 
it also causes acid stomach, heartburn, full¬ 
ness and bad blood, producing, according to 
circumstances, a dryness, or rawness, or 
scalding sensation in the throat, as do indi¬ 
gestions from other causes, whether from 
quality or quantity of food. 
All errors as to the diet arise from quan* 
tity or quality, and I propose one safe rule 
to each applicable in all persons, and under 
all circumstances. 
As to quality, the general rule is to eat 
that which you like best, and which you find 
by close observation and experience, is fol¬ 
lowed by no uncomfortable feeling about 
tho head, hand, feet or stomach. 
As to quantity, take as much at ono meal 
as will allow you to become decidedly hun¬ 
gry by tho next meal; this can only be de¬ 
termined by cansecutive observations, but 
remember, never swallow an atom of food 
unless you are hungry; never “ force ” a par¬ 
ticle of food on yourself. 
The brute creation can not be induced to 
oat or drink if slightly ill or excited, guided 
only by their poor blind instinct, and wo 
who are as much higher than they, by the 
“reason” that is within us, ought to feel 
ashamed to act less wisely, and yot nine- 
tenths of all our ailments, acute and chron¬ 
ic, enter here; and nine-tenths of them 
might be cured thus, if takon in reasonable 
time, and if properly persevered in. 
Tho finer all food is cut with a knife, be- 
foro put into tho mouth, tho sooner and eas¬ 
ier it is digested, on the same principle that 
a largo picco of ico placed in a vessel set in 
water will require a longer time to melt 
than if it wero first broken into many small 
pieces. 
Tho gastric juico dissolves solid food from 
without inwards ; hence food, especially all 
kinds of meat, should be cut in pieces not 
larger than a pea before it is taken in the 
mouth, taking in as many pieces at a time 
as is convenient. This pi’ecaution would 
not bo needed, were persons to eat slowly 
and masticate their food properly ; but our 
national habits aro otherwise, nor is there 
much hope of a speedy change in jthis re¬ 
spect. 
A new method of making yeast is to tako 
a large tea-cup full of split and dried peas, 
put them in a pint of boiling water, cover 
them closely to exclude the air, place them 
by the side of the fire for 24 hours, when it 
should have a fino froth on the top. A table 
spoon full of tho liquid will raise ono pound 
of flour. 
If you wish to ro-faston the loose handles 
of knives and forks, make your cement of 
common brick-dust and rosin, melted to¬ 
gether. Seal engravers understand this 
recipo. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, 
For the week ending Juno 15, 1852. 
Elbridge G. Belknap, of Spring Garden, Pa., 
for improvment for fastenings for garments. 
Jacob C. Carncross, of Philadelphia, Pa., for 
improved valves or gates for oblique float paddle 
wheels. 
John W. Cochran, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in mill for crushing quartz. 
Win. Compton, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in piano forte. 
Reuben Daniels, of Woodstock, Vt., for man¬ 
ufacture of granular fuel from brushwood aud 
twigs. 
Peter Dorsch, of Schenectady, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in cast iron car wheels. 
Townsend Duryea, of Williamsburgh, N. Y., 
for machine for polishing daguerreotype plates. 
Charles Fleisehel, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in alarm locks. 
Horatio N. Gambrill, of Baltimore, Md., for 
improvement iu preparing cotton yarn for the 
manufacture of duck and other coarse fabrics. 
Albert and George Gemurider, of Springfield, 
Mass., for improvement in Organs. 
Kingston Goddard, of Philadelphia, Pa., for 
improvement in carriage axles. 
John Goulding of Worcesler, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in the motion of the lay in looms. 
Win. Dawson, of Huntingdon, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in machines for making cigars. 
Selali Hill, of Jersey City, N. J., and Chas. M. 
Dupuy, Jr., of Rondout, N. Y., for improvement 
in derricks. 
Leon Jarosson, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in preparations of archil. 
Edwin Jenuey, of Middleborough, Mass., and 
David Rood, of Boston, Mass., assignors to Edwin 
Jenney, of Middleborongli, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in machines for jointing staves. 
Wm. S. Kennedy of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in saddles. 
Fred. H. Moore, of Ithaca, N. Y., for machine 
for wiring blind rods. 
Wm. H. Naracon, of Auburn, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in hanging mill spindles. 
Adam S. Newhouse, of Richmond, Co., Ga., for 
improvement iu bedstead fastenings. 
Jos. Potts, of Yocumtown, Pa., for improvement 
in meat cutters. 
Thos. Reaney, of Philadelphia, Pa , for improve¬ 
ment in ore stampers. 
Gelstou Sanford, of Ellenville, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in hand seed-planter. 
Win and Thos. Schnebly, of New York, N. Y., 
for improvement in harvesters. 
James Sharp of Roxbury, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in label cards. 
David Perry, of Frederieksburgh, Va., assignor 
to F. & J. Slaughter, of same place, for improve¬ 
ment iu machines for making cordage. 
Allen B, Wilson, of Watertown, Conn., assignor 
to N. Wheeler, A. B. Wilson, Alanson Warren 
and E. P. Woodrulf, of same place, for improve¬ 
ments iu sewing machines. 
Virgil Woodock, of Swanzey, N. H., for im¬ 
provement in machine for stamping ores. 
Wendell Wright, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in friction clutch. 
Geo. Yellot, of Bel Air, Md., for improvement 
in detaching harness from horses. 
THE STATIC PRESSURE ENGINE. 
Messrs. Editors : —I see that tho projoct 
of the Static Pressure Engine is not dead 
yet. An article copied from tho New York 
Sunday Times, which appeared in the Rural 
of June 17th, seems to carry the idea that 
the principle upon which this perpetual mo¬ 
tion is attempted to be founded has not 
been proved to bo fallacious. For the ben¬ 
efit of the writer we will refer him to the 
Scientific American of July 12, 1851. In 
that number engravings aro given of the 
engine with descriptions, over tho signature 
of S. P. Andrews. Tho data upon which 
tho calculations referred to aro given in a 
series of questions, as follows : 
“1st. What amount of power applied Ijj 
inches from the centre will cause a wheel 
531 pounds weight, to revolve 25 times in 
10 seconds ? Ans. 166 pounds. 
2d. What will bo the centrifugal force 
when brought up to that velocity ? Ans. 
2,716 pounds. 
3d. What power will be required to pro¬ 
duce the motion as above, if applied to the 
axis of a screw of the following dimensions 
—hypothonuse of the angle, 10 inches; 
perpendicular 9 inches ; base 9,17-100 inch¬ 
es ? Ans. 425 pounds.” 
Tho answers wero given by R. H. Bull, 
Prof, of Math. On tho entire article, the 
editors of the Scientific American thus re¬ 
mark : 
“ It has been our fortune to demonstrate 
the folly of more plausible inventions (but 
wo cannot see any invention except in what 
is claimed for it) than this. We propose 
to show briefly, that it is opposed to sound 
knowledge, was never known to any natur¬ 
al philosopher, dead orTiving—that it never 
will be—that it is a delusion.” 
Does this show that v the highest mechan¬ 
ical authority in the country admits that it 
can find no flaw in the invention.” Messrs. 
Munn continuo : 
“ And first of all let us say that Professor 
Bull has certainly made a groat bull in his 
first answer. The question is asked him 
how much power is required to give a cer¬ 
tain weight a certain volocity, in a certain 
direction, and ho says so many pounds. He 
might more intelligently havo said, ‘ Ono 
hundred and sixty-six potatoes.' There is no 
power in mere weight. Mechanical power 
is tho weight multiplied into its velocity. 
.dpa.rt from velocity, one pound is as great a 
power as is one thousond pounds. As dead 
weight cannot generate a velocity it can¬ 
not create a centrifugal force nor move a 
screw ono single hairs-breadth. 
But let us deal with the main error. Wo 
mean the new motive power ? What is this ? 
Nothing less than that when a body receives 
motion in a certain direction, a new force is 
originated termed a centrifugal force, and 
this power is said to bo greater than tho 
power impressed upon it. Let us show how 
ridiculous the assertion and claim is. This 
centrifugal force does not belong to all bod¬ 
ies as does gravitation. It does not even 
belong to bodies moving in a right lino.— 
According to the new discoverer’s ideas, a 
body may move in a right line until dooms¬ 
day without generating this plus of the im 
pressed force, but no sooner is it made to 
move in a curvilinear direction than this 
tremendous force is originated. This brings 
tho whole theory to the reductio ad absurd- 
vm, ‘a lino of direction begets a force.’— 
This is tho plain logic of tho matter. As 
well might it bo said, a pure geometrical 
lino can beget a concrete, a circle, a sphere; 
nothing begot something; the path of a 
planet its moving force; or the railroad tho 
moving forces of the locomotive. 
“ But if tho inventors of this new mo¬ 
tive power, this tremendous centrifugal 
force,—do not know where it comes from, 
wo do, and it is not plus the momentum.— 
All bodies at rest have a tendency to rest 
and cannot move of themselves. All bodies 
in motion have a tendency to move forever 
in a straight line. Power or momentum is 
the whole quantity of a body multiplied in¬ 
to its velocity. These are the well under¬ 
stood and eternal laws of mechanics. No 
body in motion can give out a greater pow¬ 
er than that impressed upon it, and direc¬ 
tion has nothing to do with tho power. A 
body moving in a right lino has as much to¬ 
tal force as one moving in a circle. What 
is it that makes a body rotate ? The me¬ 
chanical properties of an axis. Tho recip¬ 
rocating motion of a piston is converted in¬ 
to rotary motion by means of a crank, and 
every revolving body has two forces acting 
upon it, the centripetal and tho centrifugal. 
The centripetal force is that which bends 
the piston rod out of its rectilnear direc¬ 
tion, and this is tho axis. Tho centrifu¬ 
gal force then, is nothing more than the 
rectilinear force bent out of its natural road 
by the axis or centripetal force.” 
The above extracts from ono of tho lead¬ 
ing scientific periodicals of tho day, prove 
that the question is not all on ono side. Wo 
will add a singlo illustration of tho nature 
of tho centrifugal force. The law just refer¬ 
red to above—that bodies in motion have a 
tendency to move in a straight line—is tho 
prime agent in producing tho centrifugal 
force. Suppose we throw a ball from us, 
retaining hold of a slackened string, tho 
ball will move in a nearly straight lino un¬ 
til the string is drawn tight when the string 
will check the ball; and if it is extended in 
a line coincident with the path of tho ball 
it will stop tho ball entirely; but if it is not 
extended in tho ball’s path the two forces 
will but partially balance each other and tho 
ball will assume a new courso which will bo 
an arc of which tho string will bo tho radi¬ 
us. The amount of forco lost in this com¬ 
position of forces by the ball, is equal to tho 
centrifugal forco ; thus if tho original velo¬ 
city of the ball is 4; and its weight is 4lbs. 
then tho power will be originally 16. Now 
supposo that tho velocity, after this compo¬ 
sition, is reduced to 3, then will tho forco 
with which the ball moves forward, if we 
cut the string, be equal to 12. Tho loss, 4, 
is equal to the centrifugal force destroyed 
by the antagonistic power of the centripe- 
.tal force, tho string. The loss of power 
can never be greater than the powor, hence 
the centrifugal power can never be greater 
than the rectilinear force. 
Tho wliolo plan of tho inventors of tho 
“ Static Pressure Engine” is predicated up¬ 
on absurdities, and it is to be hoped that the 
stock purchasers will not build many castles 
in the air upon the strength of their in¬ 
vestments. C. H. Strowger. 
Penfield, N. Y., 1852. 
Tennoning Wheel Spokes. — J. J. Hib¬ 
bard, of Hermitage, Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
has taken measures to secure a patent for 
an improved machine for tennoning spokes 
for wheels and for cutting the back or bev¬ 
elled edge of tho tennon paralell witu tho 
point and straight edge. A knife is at¬ 
tached to a bed piece, said knife having a 
spring connected to it, and adjustable guides 
tor tho purpose of placing the spoke prop¬ 
erly upon the bed so as to be cut in any 
desired manner.— Scientific American. 
Artificial marble may bo made by mix¬ 
ing plaster of Paris with a solution of alum, 
baking it in the oven, and then grinding it 
| to powder. If it then bo mixed with water, 
it may bo formed into any shape, and will 
bear a high polish. 
Isaac B. Millington, an ingenious me¬ 
chanic of Catham, Chester county, Pa,, has' 
made an improvement on the hydraulic 
ram, which gives it a third more power. 
If wo suppose tho mean depth of the 
ocean to he two miles, the cubic contents of 
it will b.C 290,000,000. cubic raUcs. 
