898 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL ANI) FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
proud. Wo should not forget some fine 
blood cattle, embracing Ayshires, Devons 
and Durhams, exhibited by some public 
spirited breeders from Canada West, and wo 
hope New Yorkers will rcciprocato at the 
approaching fair at Toronto. 
Next in order come the horses. They 
wero out in their might and majesty, num¬ 
bering legions, ranging from the lofty, well 
fed and well groomed stallion, the petted 
brood mare, and the favorite colt, to tho 
young suckling whose head “ ne’er felt tho 
halter draw,” well sprinkled with matched 
pairs, and fast nags. Of these, as a mass, 
we have no notes for particular mention, 
though many of them are deserving of that 
distinction. We have marked a few with 
reference to premiums, and if correct may 
note the fact. Wo have not enough good 
horses, the supply does not meet the de¬ 
mand, and farmers will do well to give at¬ 
tention to this branch. Success can only 
be attained by growing tho very best, to do 
which, the service of stallions of common 
and middling pretensions should be dispen¬ 
sed with, securing tho very best regardless 
of expense. 
The exhibition of Sheep was, as a whole, 
very creditable, though not what it might 
and should have been. We noticed large 
numbers of middle and long wooled sheep, 
many of them quite ordinary. They may 
be good of their kind, though wo suspect 
there are others more profitable for general 
raising. Numbers were labeled “mixed 
breed,” and “ cross breed,” with no intima¬ 
tion whether they wero mixed or crossed 
with anything valuable or not, a point that 
should never be lost sight of. There were 
but few Saxons, some of which were fine, 
desirable sheep, particularly those of S. II. 
Church and S. B. Crocker, of Vernon and 
L. Sherrill, of New Hartford. Reed Bur- 
ritt, of Burdett, exhibited a splendid Sile¬ 
sian buck. Of Spanish and French Mori- 
nocs there was a goodly array, but wo are 
not sufficiently posted to determine the 
shades of difference and superiority of 
which the respective owners boasted for his 
own Hock. Vermont and Connecticut con¬ 
tributed something to their credit in this 
line. To our apprehension it is a question 
of less importance to know which is the 
better sheep, a Spanish or French Merino, 
than to determine by a sories of experiments 
which when acclimated gives a progeny 
most useful, hardy and profitable for gener¬ 
al breeding. Each may boast of heavy 
llecces and still heavier prices fleeced from 
eager buyers, but tho mass of farmers are 
more interested in reliable and practicable 
results. 
Of Swine, tho show was by no means 
largo. One pen of Suffolk pigs and a breed¬ 
ing sow, from A. L. Fish, Litchfield, attract¬ 
ed much attention. Z. B. Wakeman, Her¬ 
kimer, presented a fine Berkshire breeding 
sow and an excellent cross of Berkshire and 
Leicestershire. Most of the hogs exhibited 
were good crosses of Leicestershire and Suf¬ 
folk with Natives, and are deemed excellent 
for fattening. This branch of tho show 
should attract a larger share of attention 
from farmers generally. 
That most contagious of fevers, the “hen 
fever,” must have prevailed to an alarming 
extent, judging from the many specimens of 
cackling and crowing with which our ears 
wero saluted. No former exhibition will 
compare favorably with the present in this 
respect. The array of Dorkings, Shangaes, 
Chittagongs, Polands, Royal Cochin Chinas, 
Brahma Pootras, and Bolton Greys, not for¬ 
getting tho strutting little Bantams, were 
there, each one to answer for themselves, 
and right lustily did they respond. Now 
be it known that we profess to no definito 
knowledge of henology, and as chickens are 
reputed to be tender subjects we forbear any 
speculations upon their merits. Of geese, 
turkeys, ducks, peacocks and pigeons there 
was no lack. 
In Agricultural Implements and Machines 
as usual the display was extensive. No one 
feature of tho Fair attracts a larger sharo 
of anxious spectators. Mowing Machines, 
Reapers and Drills were closely scrutinized 
by largo numbers of interested farmers.— 
Our enterprising neighbors J. Rapalje & 
Co., made a very fine show of implements 
that are particularly deserving the attention 
of farmers. Horse Powers were very con¬ 
spicuous, among which thoso of Emery & 
Co., Wheeler, Melick, & Co., and others 
were much admired. Some of tho imple¬ 
ments and machines are worthy of more 
particular notice which they may receive at 
another time. We desire hero to record 
our dissent from the schedule of premiums 
awarded by tho Society in this important 
field of agricultural improvement. Good 
tools are very important to every farmer, 
and all consistent encouragement should bo 
offered for their improvement. 
Dairy Hall, as was to bo expected, looked 
better than for somo years past. Utica is 
situated in the midst of the best dairy sec¬ 
tion of tho Stato, and right well were the 
industrious dairymen represented, Nor 
were tho contributions confined to the coun¬ 
ties of Central New York. Erie, Chautau- 
que and Allegany in tho west and Jefferson 
in the north were well sustained in this de¬ 
partment. The counties on the Hudson 
also were not unmindful of their duty.— 
Cheese and butter received much encour¬ 
agement and are important branches of pro¬ 
ductive industry. Every year presents evi¬ 
dence of improvement in a field where 
there is much room for more. 
Grains and Seeds were nearly overlooked 
very few samples having been presented.— 
Wo noticed specimens of wheat and flour of 
a superior quality. 
Tho Vegetable department was abundant¬ 
ly supplied, more so than on many other oc¬ 
casions. Many of the specimens wero ex 
cecdingly fine, evincing great care. In this 
as in other departments, we did not have 
timo for extended personal examination and 
cannot therefore go into detail. 
Tho tent devoted to the handiwork of the 
Ladies, was as ever thronged with beautiful 
specimens of their skill. Coverlets, coun¬ 
terpanes, quilts, fine needlework and em¬ 
broidery — all those arts in which woman 
knows so well how to display the true in 
beauty and tasto were hung round in rich 
profusion. 
There aro many other things we should 
bo glad to notice, but more space than was 
anticipated has already been devoted to the 
subject. Wo have many things in the note¬ 
book of memory which will hereafter find a 
record in our columns. There may have 
been matters in regard to tho management 
of tho Fair deserving of censure, but for 
the present we shall look only at the good 
which has been accomplished, hoping that 
succeeding years will present improvements 
until each will feel satisfied that in every 
respect, the Executive Officers of the Soci¬ 
ety do all things well. + 
CROPS, &c-, IN CANADA WEST. 
Messrs. Editors :—As I see letters from 
different States in tho Rural respecting the 
weather, crops, &c., perhaps a few words 
would not be amiss, about the same hero. 
Tho season here is at present and has 
been since about tho middle of May, exceed¬ 
ingly dry,—the wheat harvest, which is now 
finished, is very bountiful, very little straw 
and a good yield of grain—such a yield as 
has not been known before for many years. 
I have heard it said by old farmers, that 
they havo better and more wheat to the 
acre this year than ever before. Oats now 
harvesting aro very unpromising, on ac¬ 
count of the drouth. The hay crop is good, 
sells at $G to $8 per ton. Corn and pota¬ 
toes have both suffered severely' from the 
want of rain. Somo pieces of corn have 
been entirely killed, others that were plant¬ 
ed early are doing very well, and are now 
in the milk. 
The apple crop is very abundant, plums 
and cherries are exceedingly plenty ; peach¬ 
es were very promising a few weeks ago. 
but by some means or other, (curculio I ex¬ 
pect,) they have mostly disappeared. 
Jno. M. Dean. 
VilleNova, Norfolk Co., C. Y> r ., Aug. 1852. 
BORROWING TOOLS. 
It is an old saying that “ he that goes 
borrowing, goes sorrowing; ” and a still old¬ 
er one, " the borrower is servant to the lend¬ 
er.” But so far as applies to farm tools, 
yankeo ingenuity seems to havo reversed 
these sayings, for one of tho greatest annoy¬ 
ances of some neighborhoods is the necessi¬ 
ty for lending tools. “Won’t you lend me 
your cart to day?” “I want to borrow 
your crow-bar.”—“Can't you let us have your 
drag?”—“Are you goin’ to use your old 
mare to-day ! ”—“ Father wants to get your 
oxen.”—“ 1 want half a dozen of your new 
bags,” &c., are usually followed by long 
searches for lost bags, half days spent in 
getting carts and harrows repaired, &c..— 
“ Why father, Mr. Dumplin said ho would 
pay for that cart, if you would get it mend¬ 
ed.” “He would, indeed, would he.—this 
would cost him about one-fourth of my loss 
of timo in going to him for it, and taking it 
to and returning it from the blacksmith 
shop, to say nothing of three days delay in 
getting m v work done ? ” “ But father, you 
know that’s a great deal better than Mr. 
Sugarplum did when he borrowed your cul¬ 
tivator, for when ho broke it. lie swore at 
you behind your back, for lending birr such 
a ‘ rotten machine,’ and wouldn t never pay 
a cent.” 
“ John whores the crow-bar? ” ‘I don’t 
know sir, I’ve hunted for it a good deal for 
two or three days.” “Have you looked in 
the barn ? ” “ Yes, I hunted all through the 
barn, and the carriage house, and the corn- 
house.” “Have you asked Jim?” “Jim 
haven’t you seen the crow-bar nowhere?” 
“Why, yes, I saw it at Squire Noodle’s; he 
borrowed one day when you was gone away 
to pry up a bar-post, and it’s been stickin' 
there ever since.” 
Every farmer should haVo a full sot of 
implements and tools, and have a place for 
everything, have everything in its place, li 
he has not tho means, lot him sell off a 
corner of his farm to procure them.— Alb. 
Cultivator. 
PRODUCTIONS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES.—SEVENTH CENSUS,—l&iO. 
STATES. 
Acres lami 
improved. 
Acres land 
unimprov¬ 
ed. 
Caash value 
of Farms. 
I Value Kar-j 
niinjT ini- Horses, 
pleme’ts 
machinery. 
Asses & 
Mules. 
Milch 
Cows. 
Work- 
IngOxeii 
Other Cat¬ 
tle. 
' 
Sheep. 
Swine. 
Value nf 
Live Stock. 
Wheat, 
bushels of. 
Rye, 
bushels of 
Indian 
Corn, 
tmsJic-ls of 
Maine, . . . 
2.039.596 
2.515.797 
54.861.748 
2.281.55 ll 41.721 
55 
Ill’Lou 6 
83-893 
125.89(1 
451.577; 54.598 
9.705.75 !i 
296.259 
102.916 
1.750.056 
New Hampshire, 
2.251.488 1.140.920 
55.215.997 
2.311.125 
34.233 
49 
94.27? 
59.027 
111.600 
381.751 
63.187 
8.871.901 
185.058 
183.117 
1.573.670 
V KRMONT, . . 
2.591.379 
1.525.368 
59.727.731 
2.79(4.237 
61.057 
219 
1 40.1461 49.497 
151.025 
919.9921 66.278 
12.6f0.248 
625.925 
176.207 
2.032.016 
Massachusetts, 
2.133.436 
1.222.576 
109.076.347 
3.209.581 
42.216 
34 
130.091 
46.611 
83.2X41 188.651 
81.119 
9.649.710 
31.221 
481.021 
2-345.490 
Rhode Island, 
350.197 
197.151 
17.070.902 
497.201 
6.168 
1 
28.H9SI 8.1 $9 
9.375 
44.290 
19.509 
1.532.637 
49 
20.409 
539.201 
Connecticut, . 
1.769.171 
615 701 
72.726.422 
1.892.511 
26.879 
49 
85.401 
80.226 
174.1811 76.472 
7.167.490 
41.762 
600.893 
1.935.043 
New York, . . 
12.409.968 
6.710.020 
551.516.642| 22.091.920 
4 47.01 4 
963 
931.321 
178.909 
767.100 
3.453.211 
1.018.252 
73.570.499 
13.121.498 
4.118.182 
17.858.400 
New Jersey, . 
1.767.991 
991.985 
120.237.51 li 4.425.50:: 
63.955 
4.099 
119.736 
12.070 
80.455 
160.188 
250.370 
10.679.291 
1.601.190 
1.255.578 
8.759.704 
Pennsylvania, . 
8.628.619 
6.294.728 
407.876.099 
1 4.722.541 
350.393 
2.259 
530.22! 
61.527 
562.195 
1.822.357 
1.010.366 
41.500.053 
15-367.691 
4.805.160 
19.835.21 1 
Delaware, . . 
5S0.862 
375.282 
18.880.031 
510.279 
13.952 
791 
19.2 4- 
9.797 
21.166 
27.503 
56.241 
1.819.281 
482.511 
8.066 
3.1 15.533 
Maryland, . . 
2.797.905 
1.836.415 
87.178.545 
2.463.413 
75.fJs 3 
5.614 
86.859 
31.135 
98.595 
177.9021 352.911 
7.997.631 
4.491.680 
226.011 
11.104.631 
Dist. Columbia, 
16.267 
11.187 
1.730.464 
40.320 
82 4 
57 
813 
104 
123 
150 
1.635 
71.643 
17,370 
6.509 
65.230 
Virginia, . . 
10.361.155 
15.792.176 
216.401.411 
7.021.772 
272.403 
21.489 
317.619 
89-513 
669.13? 
1.310.00 4 
1.830.713 
33.6562)59 
11.232.616 
468.930 
35.251.3 Iff 
North Carolina, 
5.453.977 15.543.010 
67.991.766 
3.931.532 
143.693 
25.259 
221.79: 
37.309 
43 4.102 
595.219 1.812.813 
2.130.192. 
229.563 
27.911.051 
South Carolina, 
4.072.651 
12.145.019 
82.431.684 
4.136.351 
97.171 
37.483 
193.214 
20.507 
563.935 
285.551 
1.065.503 
15.060.015 
1.066.27V 
43.790 
16.271.451 
Georgia, . . . 
6.378.479; 16.442.900 
95.753.145 
5.894-150 
151.331 
57.379 
324.225 
73.286 
690.0:9 
560.435 
2.168.617 
25.728.410 
1.088.534 
53.750 
30.080.099 
Florida, . . . 
319.049 1.236.240 
6.323.10E 
658.795 
10.848 
5.002 
72.970 
5.794 
182.415 
23.3111 209.153 
2.880.058 
1.027 
1.152 
1.996.809 
Alabama, . . 
4.435.614: 7.702.067 
64.323.221 
5.125.663 128.001 
59.995 
227.791 
66.961 
433.263 
371.880) 1.901.540 
21.690.112 
594.0 44 
17.261 
28.754.048 
Mississippi, . . 
3.444.358 
7.046.061 
54.738.634 5.762.927 
115.460 
54.547 
211.231 
83.485 
436.254 
301.9291 1.582.734 
19.403.662 
137.990 
9.606 
22.140.552 
Louisiana, . . 
1.590.025 
3.939.01 S 
75.81 4.399 
11.576.939 
89.514 
44.849 
105.576 
51.908 
414,798 
110.333 
597.301 
11.152.275 
■417 
475 
10.220.373 
Texas. . . . 
639.107 
14.454.669 
16.394.763 
2.133.731 
75.419 
12.304 
211.758 
49.982 
636.805 
99.098 
683.914 
10.266.880 
41.689 
3.108 
5.920.01F 
Arkansas, . . 
781.531 
1.816.684 
15.265.245 
1.601.296 
60.197 
11.559 
93.151 
31.239 
165.320 
91.256 
836.727 
6.617.969 
199.639 
8.017 
8.893.939 
Tennessee, . . 
5.175.173 
13.808.849 
97.851.212 
5.360.220 
270.636 
75.303 
250.459 
86.255 
414.051 
811.591 
3.114.111 
29.97S.01 0 
1.619.386 
89.163 
52.27*?.??:* 
Kentucky, . . 
11.368.270 
10.972.478 
154.330.262 
5.169.037 
315.682 
65.609 
217.175 
62.07! 
4 43.763 
1.102.121 
2.861.163 
29.591.387 
2.1 (0.822 
415.073 
58.575.V91 
Ohio, .... 
9.851.493 
8.1 46.000 
353.758.603 
12.750.535 
463.397 
3.423 
514.1991 65.381 
74.0 007 
3.912.929 
1.964.770 
41.121.711 
1 i. 487.351 
425.718 
55.078.M5 
Michigan, . . 
1.929.110 
2.454.780 
51.872.416 
2.891.371 
58.506 
70 
99.676 
55.350 
119.471 
746.435 
205.817 
8.008.734 
4.925.889 
105.871 
5.0 11.120 
INDIANA, . . . 
5.0(6.543 
7.746.879 
136.385.173 
6.70 4.14 4 
311.299 
6.599 
281.551 
40.221 
389.891 
1.122.493 
2.263.776 
22.178.555 
6.211.458 
78.792 
r>2.!w h.'vui 
Illinois, . . . 
5.039.545 
6.997.867 
96.133.29(1 
6.405.561 
267.653 
10.573 
291.671 
76.156 
511.209 
894,043 
1.915.910 
21.209.258 
9.114.575 
83.364 
57.6I0.US4 
Missouri, . . 
2.921.991 
6.767.937 
63.057.132 
3.965.945 
223.593 
41.508 
228.553 
111.268 
445.615 
756.309 
1.692.043 
19.706.S51 
2.966.928 
41.112 
36.009.543 
Iowa. 
821.682 
1.911.392 
1 6.657.567 
1.172.369 
38.530 
75 4 
45.70 4 
21.892 
(-9.025 
149.960 
323.247 
3.689.275 
1.530.581 
19.916 
8. (>:'•(*». 799 
W ISCONSIN, . . 
1.045.499 
1.931.159 
28.528.563 
1.641.568 
30.179 
1561 
6 4.339 
42.801 
76.293 
121.8Q2 
159.276 
4.879.385 
4.286.131 
8i.253 
1.98’-.079 
California, . . 
62.321 
3.S31.571 
3.974.041 
103- 4«3i 
21.719 
1.666 
4.290 
4.7801 
253.599 
17.57 4 
2.776 
3.351.058 
17.328 
18.230 
Minnesota, . . 
5.035 
23.846 
161.918 
15.991 
800 
14.| 
607 
655 
7(0 
80 
734 
92.859 
1.401 
125 
10.725 
Ore ion, . . . 
132.857 
299.951 
2.919.170 
183.423 
8.0 40 
420 
9.427 
8.114, 
2 4.188 
15.382 
30.325 
1.876.189 
211.943. 
100 
G.018 
Utah. 
16.333 
30.516 
311.799 
84.288 
2.42.4 
325 
4.861 
5.2661 
2.0-9 
3 909 
911 
516.968 
107-702] 
210 
9.spD 
New Mexico. . 
166.201 
124.370 
1.653.952 
77.960 
5.079 
8.651 
10.635 
12.257! 
10.085 
377.271 
7.311 
1.191.629 
196.516 
365.411 
__ 
118135.178 
18 4.595.025 
1266.925.537 
151.005.1 47U.325.65:! 
559.070 
5.391.9(0 
1.608261: 
1O.205.18O 
21.620.482 
30.315.719 
5 43.822.711 
IOO.479.DO 14.198.457 
592.111.230 
LIVE STOCK IN THE TJ. S-STATISTICS. 
We give above a table of statistics, com¬ 
piled from the seventh Census, showing the 
number of acres of farming lands, improved 
and unimproved, the capital invested there¬ 
in, and in farming implements and ma¬ 
chinery, also the products—live stock, grain, 
&c. The Census was taken in Juno, 1850 
—hence, allowance must be made for the 
changes and increase of two years. In con¬ 
nection with the tabular statement, we copy 
the following sensible remarks on tho facts 
revealed by tho Census returns, in regard to 
the Domestic Animals named, from tho 
••Journal of tho United States Agricultural 
Society,”—a quarterly just commenced, un¬ 
der tho supervision of Dr. Lee. These 
comments, and the table itself, place valu¬ 
able facts before the reader, and to them we 
invite particular attention : 
Horses. —If it should be necessary to place 
every fanner in the Union on horseback, there are 
4,325,65:2 horses in the country, for their service. 
Ohio has the honor of rearing and keeping more 
horses than any oilier State; the whole number 
reported being 463,397. New York had 447,014; 
Pennsylvania, 330,398; and Kentucky, 315,581. 
The improvement of four and a half million 
horses, worth at least $200,000,000, is an object 
worthy of more attention than it has hitherto 
received. State and County Agricultural Societies 
have done something, and the high price of good 
animals more, to encourage the breeding and rear¬ 
ing of superior roadsters, and good horses of all 
work. But the years of service rendered by a 
majority of tlidm are fewer than they ought to be 
in this country. To prolong their lives, and 
increase their value, their natural wants, constitu¬ 
tion and diseases must be more studied, and better 
understood by those that own and use them. _\Ve 
ought to excel all other nations in the number of 
fine horses, for we possess unequaled advantages 
for producing them to any desirable extent. 
Asses and Mules. —Of these useful animals the 
census gives only 559,070 in ail the Slates and 
Territories. New Mexico had 8,654, and ouly 
5,079 horses; Tennessee is the largest* producer 
of mules, reporting 75,303 ; Kentucky had 65,609; 
Alabama, 59,895, and Georgia, 57,379. 
The growing of mules is profitable, and tbe 
business has been considerably extended within 
the last two years. 
Milcii Cows.— The number of cows exceeds tho 
estimates that we have had occasion to make of 
this kind of farm stock, in all the States except 
New York, where the returns are below what we 
expected from the number given by the State 
census of 1845. The whole number of cows in 
the United States two years ago was 6,991,946. 
Of these New York had 931,324; Ohio, 541,499 ; 
Pennsylvania, 530,224; and Georgia, 334,223. 
Cows differ more in value for milking purposes 
than is generally supposed. Thousands fail to 
pay their way, and are a positive tax on their 
owners; while a first rate milker yields a large 
profit on the food consumed. How to banish all 
indifferent and wortliless kinds, and fill their places 
with superior auimaLs, is a question for the 
intelligent growers of neat stock to consider.— 
Deterioration is practiced by a hundred farmers 
where improvement is duly studied by one. As 
a general thing, cows and their offspring must be 
bettor kept before any decided change for the 
better is attainable. High quality in ancestral 
blood avails nothing in the veins of a starved calf. 
Without good keeping the best breeds of stock 
are utterly worthless. 
Working Oxen and other Cattle.— Wo are not 
informed to what age young steers must attain 
before they are entitled to rank as “working 
oxen;” or whether, in case they have never been 
subjected to the yoke, they are excluded, uo matter 
what their years, from the catalogue of “working 
cattle.” We suspect that eutire uniformity in 
reporting “working oxen” and “other cattle,” 
lias not been observed in all the States. Be tiiat 
as it may, tho latter number 10,265,180 ; wlule the 
former are set down at 1,698,261. By adding to¬ 
gether the milch cows, working oxen, and other 
cattle, it will be seen that the aggregate of neat 
stock was 18,355,387 head. New York contains 
nearly three times as many oxen as Ohio or Penn¬ 
sylvania. New York lias 178,909; Ohio, 65,381 ; 
Pennsylvania, 61,527; Missouri, 111,268, which 
places tho latter next to New York in this kind 
of stock. 
Sheep. —Many will be disappointed to find that 
all the sheep in the United States numbered only 
21,621,482, at the last census. This is a small 
increase on the returns of 1840, and a state of 
things that does not promise a rapid advancement 
in the production of wool for many years to come. 
Much lias been written on this branch of hus¬ 
bandry, and in favor of producing at least wool 
enough for home consumption ; but somehow it 
happens that we import annually many million 
pounds, and cut the throats of thousands of young 
sheep for their pelts and tallow, instead of keeping 
them to increase our flocks. 
It is believed that stock companies might be 
formed, having from $50,000 to $200,000 capital 
each, to carry on tlig business of breeding sheep 
and growing wool, where lands are cheap, as in 
some parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and Texas, and 
realize a reasonable profit. Economy, capital and 
and skill, brought together in slice]) husbandry, 
could hardly fail of success. There is just now 
unusual activity in the business of importing 
French and Spanish sheep into this country, many 
of which unite great weight of carcass and of 
fleece, with a fair degree of fineness and evenness 
of the fibre; and it is to be hoped that wool 
growing will soon be as flourishing as any other 
department of industry. Ohio and New York 
keep more sheep than any other States. 
Swine.— It is pretty evident that many Ameri¬ 
can farmers think more of hogs than of sheep, 
for their hogs outnumber their sheep by nearly 
ten millions. This is a singular fact, and in the 
judgment of many, indicates a badly cultivated 
taste which so greatly prefers the flesh of swine to 
that of sheep, to say nothing of the superiority of 
wool to hair. Over thirty million hogs, (30,315,- 
719) are a sufficient stock to render pork and 
bacon making as it really is, a very important 
branch of American husbandry. Tennessee takes 
the lead in this department, keeping nearly four 
times more swine than sheep. Of the latter, the 
census gives her only 811,591; but of hogs, she 
claims 3,114,111. Kentucky has 2,861,163.— 
Indiana is ahead of Ohio in the pig line, having 
2,268,776; while Ohio is content with 1,964,770. 
Value of Live Stock.— The value of live stock in 
thcU. States is returned at $543,822,711. Of this 
large sum, New York claims $73,570,499 ; Ohio, 
$44,121,741; and Pennsylvania, $11,500,053. If 
we add the value of live stock, farm implements 
and machinery, to that of farms, the whole invest¬ 
ment is found to be $3,962,353,395. If to this be 
added the usual increase of two years, and the 
estimated value ot the slaves engaged in agricul¬ 
ture, the whole amounts to five billions, or five 
thousand millions of dollars. 
A BARN CELLAR. 
A correspondent of the Journal of Agri¬ 
culture, gives in a recent number some 
“ Carriage Views of Farming,” which pleaso 
us, and we copy his remarks on seeing a 
barn cellar. lie says: 
It is a now one,just dug and stoned, near 
the northern boundary of Ledyard. The 
old barn stands hard by, a decayed relic of 
tho past, a monument of the old style of 
farming. There for a century at least, cat¬ 
tle havo been yarded and their droppings 
have been exposed to the elements, and the 
most valuable portion evaporated. If the 
owner of tho farm has owned ten head of 
cattle, that open yard has annually robbed 
him of one hundred dollars worth of manure. 
In tho century, ten thousand dollars have 
been sunk there, or rather have literally 
taken wings and flown away. But a new 
idea has dawned upon the owner of the farm 
and a new history opens upon those starved 
and plundered lands, lie, or his neighbors 
take an agricultural paper, and the idea has 
leaked out of that fountain. A barn cellar 
will shelter more manure from sun and rain, 
and if there bo enough of divisors carried 
into tho yard, to absorb tho droppings of 
tho cattle, every pound of fertilizing mate¬ 
rial will bo saved for the crops. 
That idea of a book or paper has dug 
that cellar, and presently it will pull down 
the old barn and put up a new one—one 
over tho cellar. There will bo ditching in 
tho neighboring swamp this summer, and 
somo two hundred loads of swamp mud 
will be deposited there, to bo decomposed in 
tho stables and in tho compost heap, to 
supply tho wants of next year’s crop. lie 
has made a beginning and if lie would only 
take 2 agricultural papers instead of one, ho 
will make another improvement, and bring 
tho water of the brook close by, into his jiterd 
by means of a lead pipe, and then his cattle 
could bo watered, as well as fed under cover, 
during the severe storms of winter. The fod¬ 
der that would be saved in two or three years 
by this change, would more than pay the 
expense of tho pipe. 
Barn cellars are indispensable to eco¬ 
nomical farming, And yet not one farmer 
in ten along tho route had such an appurte¬ 
nance to his barn. Open yards are the pro- 
vailing fashion, and there the sun and rain 
are spiriting away the fifty and tho hundred 
dollar bills from hard working and close- 
fisted farmers every year. They cannot af¬ 
ford to pay two dollars for an agricultural 
paper. They can afford fifty times two to 
bo without one ! 
Lands which havo been in long culture 
will be benefited by application of phos- 
phato of lime, and it is unimportant whether 
tho deficiency bfusupplied in the form of 
bone-dust, guan^hative'phosphate of lime, 
compost or fish, ashes,—or in that of oysters 
sholl-Kme—or marl—if tho land needs lim¬ 
ing also. 
ON TOPPING CORN. 
We gavo in a former number, some re¬ 
marks on the cultivation of corn, and inti¬ 
mated our intention to refer more particu¬ 
larly to the practice of topping tho stalks, 
as often practiced by farmers. We now 
proceed to redeem that promise, as far as 
we aro able, and to suggest a few thoughts 
which havo occured to us, based on our own, 
and the experience of others. The subject 
deserves additional importance the present 
year, on account of the short crop of hay, 
wlrch urges farmers to greater economy in 
the securing of their coarse fodder. 
In discussing this question, we may per¬ 
haps, assume the following positions as ad¬ 
mitted facts, for we believe that their cor¬ 
rectness is vory generally conceded: 1. 
The greatest quantity, in pounds, of corn is 
obtained by allowing tho grain to ripen on 
the stalk. 2. The greatest yield is general¬ 
ly obtained by cutting at the roots before 
injury from frost, and curing in the shock. 
3. The lightest weight of grain is generally 
obtained by tho system of topping tho 
stalks. 
If these facts are admitted, we then start 
with a very strong argument against the 
praotico of topping. Let us see whether 
tho system has or has not advantages to 
commend it to favor, notwithstanding theso 
causes operating against it. 
The principal arguments in favor of top¬ 
ping are that the grain is better cured as a 
general rule, than in any other way of har¬ 
vesting, and that the harvesting is done with 
less labor and expense. It is thought too, 
that the stalks saved are in much better 
condition than when harvested in any other 
mode, and many farmers seem to place but 
little value upon the butts, or lower part of 
the stalk, for fodder. This opinion is, wo 
think, a mistaken one,for in our experience, 
we have found the butts worth more for fod¬ 
der than the tops, especially when properly 
cured. 
Tho labor and expense of harvesting is 
not materially different, whether the. stalks 
be topped and the butts afterwards cut at 
tbe ground, or tbe whole crop up cut at tho 
ground at the first instance. The extra la¬ 
bor in cutting up is generally made up in 
the greater expedition of husking. 
Tho great objection of cutting at tho 
roots before frosts, is in tbe difficulty of cu¬ 
ring the corn and stalks properly. We aro 
aware that many claim that this is an easy 
matter, but our observation goes to convince 
us, that in one half the cases at least, both 
grain and fodder is poorly cured by that 
system. The fodder when well cured, is un¬ 
questionably more valuable than any other 
mode of harvesting. 
The conclusion to which we arrive is that 
in cases where great care and attention can 
be bestowed upon tho cutting and stocking, 
and where the autumn is not apt to bo too 
wet, cutting by tho roots is tho best method. 
If this care cannot bo bestowed upon tho 
crop, and if it cannot have good care in dry¬ 
ing, some other system had bettor bo resort¬ 
ed to. 
We have seen largo quantities of*corn cut 
and stocked, but seldom have we seen a largo 
lield saved in good order. Generally the 
stooks fall down, the rain injures them, the 
corn and stalks all suffer in quality, and tho 
crop turns out badly. But notwithstanding 
all these drawbacks, wo aro convinced of 
the many advantages resulting from cutting 
at the roots. 
Of the value of corn fodder, and tho im¬ 
portance of saving all of it. too much can¬ 
not bo said. It is, for many purposes, su¬ 
perior to hay, and always pays liberally for 
tbe labor and expense of securing in tho 
best manner.— JV. Y. Farmer. 
Using up tiie Horse. —A distinguished 
French chemist has computed the value of 
a dead horse, it’ properly managed, to be 
from $12 to $22. Tbe hair, weighing from 
three to six ounces, is worth, according to 
its quality, from $2 to $G. The skin, which 
weighs from fifty to sixtv pounds, is worth 
from $2.50 to $3,50. Tho blood is worth 
from forty to sixty cents. The flesh, weigh¬ 
ing from three to four hundred pounds, is 
worth for manure, or food for other animals, 
from $7 to $9. The fat sells at twelve 
cents per pound, but the quantity is not 
very great. The shoes, tho hoofs, and tho 
bones are all worth small sums, which make 
up about the amount stated above. All the 
worn-out; horses of tho capitol are brought 
to Montfaucon and kiIlod. About sixteen 
thousand dead and alivo aro annually cut 
up and utilized at this establishment. 
