VOLUME III. NO. 39. 
ROCHESTER, N, Y-THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1851 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 1 
A WEEKLY HOME NEWSPAPER, 
Designed for Roth Country and Town Residents. 
CONDUCTED 15 Y D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
J. H. I5IX15Y, L. WETHERELL, AND H. C. WHITE, 
With a. numerous corps of able Contributors and 
Correspondents. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and j 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity I 
and Variety of Contenss. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter — 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings— than any other paper published in this Country. 
OCgf” For Terms, &c., see last page. 
Slgrinilturul Jtpartarai 
PROGUESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
FATTENING SWINE.-COMMENCE EARLY. 
By the last census it appears there wore 
over thirty millions of swino in the United 
States, and that they outnumbered tho 
sheep by about ten millions. This shows 
the value of this product—proving pork an 
important item of domestic consumption.— 
It is, in the country especially, tho stand-by 
when other meats fail, and will ever retain 
its place, where long-keeping and hearty, 
strength sustaining food is desired. 
Wo have before urged tho importance of 
an early commencement of tho process of 
fattening, and now repeat that it is advisa¬ 
ble, for tho reason that articles of food can 
bo made use of which would otherwise be 
wasted, and that mild weather is much more 
favorable to taking on flesh, than cold. 
At this season, most farmers have quan¬ 
tities of autumn apples, summer squashes, 
early potatoes, &c., which would perish or 
deteriorate sadly by keeping, but aro now 
of considerable value—well worth saving, 
at least—as food for swine. Boiled or 
steamed, and mixed with meal, they are 
well relished, and for a commencement in 
fattening, answer as woll as can be desired. 
Whero apples and potatoes aro both used, 
when boiled in a largo kettlo, it is a good 
plan to put in tho apples first—three or 
four bushels of these to ono of potatoes, 
and then cover with tho latter—well washed, 
of course. Then fill with water, and when 
sufficiently cooked, add enough meal to 
make a thick, pudding-like mass. The meal 
will bo cooked by thus mixing whilo hot. 
Some farmers grind up oats and peas, oats 
and corn, oats and barley, or shrunken 
wheat for this purpose. 
An Orleans county farmer informs us of 
a mode of fattening which ho has practiced 
with much success, not differing materially 
from that above recommended. Ho com¬ 
mences early, having the pen open into a 
small yard adjoining, that tho hogs may 
have exercise, and get at tho ground at 
pleasure. Ho begins feeding boiled apples, 
pumpkins, carrots, potatoes, &c., mixing 
tho same with some light mill-feed, which 
ho is careful to measure so that ho may 
gradually increase its richness to the last, 
when ho foods nothing but corn meal pud¬ 
ding. Ho is also particular to lot the mush 
stand a half day or so, until the saccharine 
fermentation commences — which is un¬ 
doubtedly the most proper stago for feed¬ 
ing. Ho never fails in making the first 
quality of pork, and a good deal of it. 
We remarked that mild weather was most 
favorable to fattening. Food is the fuel for 
keeping up animal heat, and the less need 
of expenditure in this respect, tho more 
rapidly will flesh bo accumulated. Their 
comfort should bo studied as a matter of 
economy, for a discontented, restive animal, 
however much ho may consume, will never 
fatten rapidly. Their sleeping places should 
be dry and well littered,—and woll ventila¬ 
ted, for pure air is of importance to every¬ 
thing that breathes it. 
As to tho amount of food to bo given 
daily, wo think it important to supply all 
fattening animals with just as much as they 
will consume without wasting, either by 
leaving, or by not fully digesting. Tho 
Boston Cultivator in remarking upon this 
subject illustrates it as follows : “A certain 
A MODERN SUFFOLK STALLION. 
Tiie best breed of horses for the farm j 
and the road — for cultivating the soil and 
taking its products to market — for general 
farm purposes—is a subject of great intorest 
to very many of our readers. For the car, 
riage and light work, this country can fur¬ 
nish as good and as fast horses as any other, 
but for the heavy work on a farm—its 
breaking up and deep plowing — our com¬ 
mon horses lack tho strength and'bottom, 
there an essential requisite. This subject 
has of late attracted considerable attention, 
and a writer in a recent number of the 
Wool Grower and Stock Register, has an 
extended article on Farm horses, their 
points, &c., from which we extract tho fol¬ 
lowing on one of tho favorite breeds of 
British Agriculturists : 
“In England the Suffolk is considered 
tho best breed of horses, adapted for all 
purposes of modern agriculture. At the 
recent annual show of the Royal Agricultu¬ 
ral Society, this breed carried off all the 
amount of food is daily required by the an- | 
imal to support life, or supply the natural i 
waste of the body—for the process of life 
is ono of consumption and decomposition. 
Tho accumulation of fat and extra flesh is 
only a deposit of superfluous nutriment, 
which not being required for the system at 
ono time, is laid by for futuro emergencies. 
Now, if no more food is given daily than is 
sufficient to supply tho natural waste, no 
surplus flesh or fat can bo formed. If, for 
instance, a farmer had ten bushels of meal 
to be fed to each animal, and it should be 
fed in so small quantities that it barely sup¬ 
plied the natural waste, the whole of the 
food would be consumed without the animal 
gaining a single pound in weight. But if 
tho timo of feeding had been shortened ono 
half, and tho same amount of food had been 
eaten, the animal would have been able to 
lay by a surplus equal to tho amount which 
half the food was capablo of producing.” 
Tho same authority advises feeding In¬ 
dian corn before it is fully hardened, as it 
is then more readily and fully digested, and 
both corn and cob are eaten, as well as the 
stalks if given to swino while yet green.— 
Tho plant in this stago contains much sugar, 
and this is a most concentrated form of 
nutriment. 
To conclude, wo would say, commonce 
early, use cooked food—increasing tho rich¬ 
ness thereof as tho process goes on, feed 
regularly and fully, attend to tho comfort, 
of your porkers, and do not forgot the ina- 
nuro heap, and no doubt large profits will j 
result from this branch of farming economy. 
Mould is indispensable in every soil,— 
and a healthy supply can alone be preserv¬ 
ed through tho cultivation of clover and the 
grasses, the turning in of the greon crops, 
or by tho application of compost rich in the 
elements of mould.— Ex. 
In slacking lime, salt brine is better than 
water. 
prizes, as it did the highest one at the great 
show at Windsor in 1851. , 
Tho modern Suffolk horse still retains 
many of tho best points of the eolebrated 
“ Suffolk Punch,” but his height and size 
have been increased by admixture with tho 
Norman and Yorkshire breeds. Ho is high¬ 
er in the withers than the Punch — it is 
doubtful if this is an improvement,—legs 
lighter and flatter, the sides more round¬ 
ed, and altogether a more beautiful and 
symmetrical animal. The horse of Mr. 
Catlin, (portrayed at tho head of this arti¬ 
cle,) is a good representation of tho breed, 
and is doubtless the best farm horse in 
Great Britain, as to him was awarded the 
first prizo 'of $150, at tho great Windsor 
Show in 1851. These horses’are by no means 
plentiful, and if well bred, command high 
prices. There are, however, in England, as 
in this country,any quantity of horses that 
can be bought cheap — and are dear at any 
price.” 
FARMER’S GARDENS. - ONCE MORE. 
Eds. Rural :—A previous number of your 
paper contained a “few hints” upon gar¬ 
dening as a subject of importance, to which 
I would add ono or two more ideas. Order 
and symmotry of arrangement, as before 
described, are quito naturally recognised as 
the basis of suro success in gardening—the 
principle which renders labor useful to the 
greatest degree, and calls forth increasing 
interest and perseverance, from tho fact 
that it clearly reveals tho effects and value 
of labor applied. I shall not here speak of 
tho particular vegetables which should be 
raised in tho garden, for they are deter¬ 
mined by their relative value in market, and 
by tho preference indicated by the palate 
of tho owner; nor of the best fertilizers for 
respective plants, for tho valuable experi¬ 
ence Of many scientific farmers, in this 
branch of agricultural research, has beon 
generously tendered to the public for their 
benefit; but endeavor to throw out some 
hints about the cultivation of flowers. This 
subject is rather a delicate ono to touch up¬ 
on before some farmers, provoking from 
them tho scorn closoly allied to that so 
plentifully cast upon “ book farmers,” when 
their hoads were beginning to be “ turned ” 
by tho foolish notions of “ rotation of crops,’’ 
chemical alkalies,” and other absurd¬ 
ities. (?) 
A farmer having built a good fence and 
mado for a well-defined, prominent feature 
of his grounds a fixed and symmetrical 
walk, considers the propriety of having a 
flower garden, and in somo such a manner 
this intelligent farmer soliloquises to him¬ 
self,—“ I think that I must have a few 
flowers on that side towards tho house— 
posios look so nice, ornamental, in a garden 
—they look cheerful and ploasant—besides 
I liko thorn, and Ned teases mo to get somo 
to put in our garden, liko Old Mrs.-’s 
—and tho girls too, always sticking old 
flower pots upon tho front steps—I don’t 
know but they’d soon get tirod of them, but 
I’ll try—’twon’t cost much !” 
Musing for some time another voin of 
thought evidently strikes him. “ Yes I will 
have flowers if they do cost something. I 
took great pains to get choice young peach 
and cherry trees, and it amounts to the 
same thing. Why ain’t it as well to gratify 
the eye as the mouth ?—if anything, tho 
former is the noblest sense. If the chil¬ 
dren don’t do much at it, I will do it my¬ 
self—but they will—wife does love flowers 
so much—I will try to lead out their tastes 
and pleaso them. And then if we do suc- 
I ceed, visitors will delight to walk out into 
| the garden—0 how tho girls will like to 
j show them their own little beds so nice 
I and tidy—I really believe we shall acquire 
an antipathy to weeds altogether, and then 
our wholo garden will bo clear. Yes, I'm 
determined upon it — happiness before 
I money—perhaps they may both flourish 
together.” 
i Who would not, at the exponso of being 
called visionary, say that by thus pleasing 
his children and his own taste, ho was not 
only developing their tastes and strength¬ 
ening their powers of observation and clas¬ 
sification by a kind of botanical study, but 
also building a basis for thoroughly working¬ 
men and women ? 2vIoreover, the beauti¬ 
ful principle of order and neatness, i6, as it 
were, absorbed by them in such occupations. 
Those clean and beautifully variegated 
flowers exert a powerful influence upon the 
pliable minds and manners of children; for 
instance, take two small children, one lov¬ 
ing to roll and kick innocently in tho soft 
sand, (how many such !) and another de¬ 
lighting to gather its tiny, chubby hand full 
of pretty posies for “ mamma,”—and their 
characters, years hence, aro almost invaria¬ 
bly as much different as now they are, and 
their habits of corresponding kind. 
The character of a farmer is easily told, 
if he cultivates flowers—ho is undoubtedly, 
a man of energy, and though he may be 
poor, yet in all cases, flourishing. Towns- 
folks are not exclusively allowed the in¬ 
spiration of flowers—for the “wilderness 
shall bud and blossom liko the rose.” 
Clifton, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1852. Q. R. S. 
WHOLE NO. 143. 
elusive evidence that wheat turns to chess ; 
on the other hand, those who do not admit 
this to be positive evidence, assert that such 
cases have been examined, and there has 
been found to be a stalk within a stalk, one 
producing chess and the other wheat.— 
Those opposed to transmutation say that it 
is in opposition to tho never changing law 
of nature, that, everything whether animal 
or vegetable will beget its like. We are of 
tho opinion that this law of nature has no 
exceptions ; but still we are not satisfactorily 
advised of tho source from whence chess 
comes. Let it come from what source it 
may, it will grow when sown and produce 
chess, hence it is of the utmost importance 
that we sow none, and if at any time we are 
| so unfortunate as to raise it, wo must turn 
! to it somo account, by feeding it to stock of 
| all kinds after it is ground but never before, 
* for a large portion will not be masticated, 
| when it is fed unground, and it will be again 
sown broad-cast over the land. 
Queries. Is it possible for Nature, under 
certain circumstances, to produce plants, 
j without seed, or spontaneously ? If it is 
j not, how shall we account for the weeds and 
grasses that immediately spring up on new¬ 
ly cleared land ? Is it possible that a blos¬ 
som of wheat can be impregnated with the 
pollen of chess and the kernel retain tho 
lorm of wheat ? Is it possible that this 
kernel, inasmuch as it must partake of the 
properties of chess, can produce chess and 
not violate tho law of nature before men¬ 
tioned ? H. A. Barnum. 
Sunnyside, N. Y., 1852. 
SHEE? AND WOOL IN THE U. S. 
The annexed table exhibits the number 
of Sheep in each State and Territory, and 
also tho number of pounds of wool clipped 
in 1850, according to tho census. The 
| third column shows the amount of wool 
; per head, in pounds, ounces and hundroths 
j of ounces, in each State and Territory.— 
i The statement will bo interesting to many 
| of our readers, and perhaps useful for re- 
i ference hereafter: 
CHESS— (Bromus Seealiuus.) 
There are few farmers who are not more 
or less acquainted with chess, and it has been 
regarded as ono of tho most troublesome 
weeds against which they have to contend. 
Its habits are very peculiar, and not a few 
have been sadly puzzled in trying to ac¬ 
count for its being so prevalent in their 
wheat fields ; and many have been led to be¬ 
lieve in the doctrine of transmutation of 
wheat to chess. However absurd this may 
appear to those who are of the opposite 
opinion, there are men of high standing, 
and those who are regarded as men of sound 
judgment, who are firm believers in the doc¬ 
trine of transmutation. 
It becomes all men to pay due regard and 
respect to the opinion of others, for it is 
only by a thorough investigation and com¬ 
parison, that we are enabled to arrive at the 
truth ; but tho question of transmutation 
has been so often discussed without avail, 
that wo no longer desire to take part in the 
controversy. 
Chess belongs to class third, Triandria ;, 
order second, Dygynia. Tho botanical name 
is Bromus Secalinus. It resembles oats, in 
several particulars and is regarded by bota¬ 
nists as a species of wild oats. The pani¬ 
cles are nodding, tho spikelets aro of a com¬ 
pressed ovate form, the glumes aro nude 
and distinct, and it has about ten seeds in 
each spikelet. It bears no resemblance to 
wheat or rye, with which it is so often found. 
Chess is common, especially on land that is 
retentive of moisture, it springs up on such 
land where tho wheat is winter-killed, ap¬ 
parently without any previous seeding, 
hence it is said “ tho wheat has turned to 
chess.” 
There are cases on record of wheat and 
chess that grow on the same stalk, which 
the advocates of transmutation sav is eon- 
States. 
Sheep. 
Lbs. icool. 
Wvol per Sheep, 
lbs. oz. 
Maine,. 
. 451,577 
1,362,986 
1,108,476 
3 1.18 
New Hampsliire.. 
.. 384,756 
2 14.80 
Vermont. 
. 919,992 
3,410,993 
3 11.32 
Massachusetts,. . 
. 188,651 
585,136 
3 1.60 
Rhode Island,.. . 
. 44,296 
120,692 
2 11.20 
Connecticut,.. . . 
. 174,181 
497,451 
2 13.76 
New York, . . . . 
.3,45:5,241 
10,070,301 
2 14.56 
New Jersey,. . .. 
. . 160,488 
375,396 
2 5.10 
Pennsylvania,.. . 
. 1,822,357 
4,481.570 
2 7.34 
Delaware,. 
. 27,503 
57,768 
2 1.60 
Maryland.. 
. 177,902 
480,229 
2 10.04 
Dist. of Columbia, 150 
525 
3 8.00 
Virginia,. 
1,310,004 
2.860.765 
2 3.08 
North Carolina,. . 
595,249 
970,7:58 
l 10.‘0 
South Carolina,.. 
285,551 
467,223 
1 11.2s 
Georgia,. 
560,435 
990,019 
1 9.25 
Florida. 
■23.311 
23,247 
- 15.98 
Alabama,. 
371.880 
657,118 
1 12.16 
Mississippi. 
304,929 
559,619 
1 13.28 
Louisiana, . . . . 
110,333 
109,897 
- 15.91 
Texas,. 
99,098 
131.384 
l 5.12 
Arkansas,. 
91,256 
182,595 
2 0.01 
Tennessee,. 
811,591 
1,364,378 
1 10.72 
Kentucky. 
1,102,121 
2,283,303 
2 2.16 
Ohio. 
3,942,929 
10,111.288 
2 8.96 
Michigan,. 
71(5.435 
2,013,283 
2 11.68 
Indiana,. 
1,122,493 
2.610,287 
2 3.60 
Illinois. 
894,043 
2,150,113 
2 6.48 
Missouri,. 
756,309 
1,615,898 
373,898 
2 2.16 
Iowa,. 
149,960 
2 7.81 
Wisconsin,. 
124,892 
263,903 
2 1.92 
California,. 
17,574 
5,420 
- 5.02 
Minnesota Ter.,. 
80 
93 
1 3.00 
Oregon do. . 
15,382 
29,686 
1 14.88 
Utah do. . 
3,262 
8,222 
2 8.32 
New Mexico,.. . 
377,271 
33,901 
- 1.47 
Total,. 
21,620,482 
52,117,287 . 
Average, .2 6.86 
SYSTEM AND ORDER. 
Messrs. Editors :—While on a visit the 
other day at Farmer B.’s, I was forcibly im¬ 
pressed with tho want of order on a farm, 
and felt that though well written articles 
had been published often, there was still 
need of calling up the subject. About the 
farm of neighbor B., there is but little of 
convenience; fences rather poor, no gates 
or bars, rails scattered about—some on the 
ground—others with ono end thrown off 
the fence, so much manure in the yard that 
it was difficult to get to the barn, stable with 
a floor so old and rotten that there was dan¬ 
ger of the horses breaking through, besides 
being so covered with manure as to make 
it unfit for use. And then great inquiry 
must be made among the boys to find a 
measure with which to feed a horse a fow 
oats, but after diligent search among old 
barrels and boxes, boards, straw and chaff 
and other old rubbish which lay scattered 
about the barn-floor, the half-bushel was 
