MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
Michigan. I have visited this part of tho 
Province in every month of tho yoar, and 
part of tho Ei 
Speaing of th 
in his work or 
continent, say 
CARE OF SHEEP IN WINTER. 
We find good counsel in tho Cultiinst 
THE TRUE SYSTEM OF FARMING. 
Trying to do too much, is a common error 
GUANO-WHERE IT IS GATHERED. 
ORCHARD GRASS, 
continent, says: -oiiuaieu uunvcuu among goou shepherds, vz- — to -- prmv(in ; once Our appearance disturbs stem, but abundance or tong piaues. it 
allels of 42° and 46° 30'north latitude, it are settled. Among tho latter we would derstandmg or considering the true ele- t j 10USan( j 3 0 f t ] 10 web-footed natives; these starts rapidly after having been cut or eaten 
W the advantage of extending further mention a few : ments tnat constitute a real larmor. ne tb gands count w i t h the old hands as noth- off. Cut at the proper time, it makes ex- 
"i • f+ r t> First, sheep should never be permitted to fancies tho greatness of that profession, as * thov tell us that the shipping has cellent hav. Ono reason why it has not 
south than any other portion of the British p00r h \ the fall. As the feed begins is too often the common estimate, to be in ”V t °p e b , ds * . Lilingtbovo us | been more esteemed is, it has been sown too 
Amoripan nnsfipwimis. mid hence en- ° —+ „„,i 4\.rv C 4_Litfnn sheen need nronortion to the number of acres, not to uu,ul i a t r . ° .i xn-_ mu:_• _ 
Having anchored between the north and j Tuts species of grass, (Dactylisglomerata,) 
iddle islands, at the latter of which we are has not been extensively cultivated in this 
i load, we will borrow tho boat and have j country. We believe it might be adopted 
closer look at tho huge muck heap. Pull- 1 with great advantage in many instances, as 
o- half round the island to the landing 1 a substitute for Timothy, or Herdsgrass.— 
ace we step ashore on a narrow slip of j It will stand drouth much better than the 
Indy beach, which appears to bo cleared j latter. It starts early in spring and grow s 
( , m the surrounding rocks for our special : late in fall. It makes but little stalk or 
mvenience. Our appearance disturbs | stem, but abundance of long blades. It 
From two to three bushels 
1 . , . i grow poor m tno ran. as tne ieeu ^ , v • „ b bi d Sailing above us been more esteemed is, it has been sown too 
North American possessions,'and hence en- tQ bc short and frost-bitten, sheep need proportion to the number of acres, not to “f pelicans, hovering over the thin. This occasions it to grow in tufts or 
jovs, in an eminent degree, a superior fer- gre at care. The farmer finds himself in say cultivated, but embraced within the lear water pke hawks which they resemble tussocks, which make the sward uneven, 
tility of soil and milder temperature of trouble. Ho wishes to spare his hay mow boundaries of ins d-miiuii, Xhe fact is now f d rti d „ or stooping and not covering tho ground itself, other 
•» long « bo non. m^od, so long as being spread abroad that a largo farm does One of these every instant grasses grow with it, which do not ripen at 
. , . f .1 the ground is baro, his sheep will noteat not make a man either nch, contented or dror) ‘ f rom {he fiock as though a ball had tho same time. Orchard grass is early— 
In regard to the soil of this chohict, the bay well> unless shut up ami kept fromi the happy, but on tho contrary, the reverse of J^ed through his bruin? but after a so much earlier than Herdsgrass and Red- 
game writer again remarks: Hie vho.c g rasg _ Sheep often lose an amount ot flesh all these unless well td led, when Ins labor _ he is soon seen rising to the surface top. that by tho time tho latter are fit to cut, 
tract is alluvial in its formation, and chiefly in two or throe weeks between grass and bay, is rewarded by ample crops and fair success P. ^ strU goding in his capacious pouch, the stalks of the former are dead. This has 
consists of a stratum of black and some- which is not restored during the winter — m the various departments in which lie is N whirling round our heads, are caused a prejudice against it. 
consists of a st u But what shaU b c done ? Give them the engaged. No fanner can realize the full ** button-birds and a host of Orchard grass, when designed for hay, 
times yellow on > ‘ , best feed you can, and if consistent with benefits of Ins profession without adopting whose names are unknown to the should be sown thick enough to cover the 
ted, when in a state of nature, a rich and concerns, put them in tho yard at a thorough system of cu ture. His success, On the detached rocks and tho ground itself. It will thus make a close, 
deep vegetable mould, tho sub-stratum be- night, if at all cold or stormy, and in the commensurate to his wishes, always depends ‘ p tbo j sbmd _member of a even sward, and can bo cut when in the 
neath the bed of loam being generally a morning give them a little of the best hay upon the manner in which lie prepares his numerous convocation—stands the proper stage. From two to three bushels 
tenacious gray or blue clay, which in some you have, or a few oats, and after they have grounds, plants his seed and rears his stock, the parson-bird of the sailor, whose of seed, according to quality, is required to 
tenacious gic^ oi wuo ton turn them out again. Just remember Neither of these departments, which may v f u oa „ P „ 
parts appears at the surface, and, intermix- ^ ^ sea3on they ne g d car0 and attention, be considered the cardinal ones of his pro- white tL^and solemn demeanor; On a late visit to Ida-HillFarm, Troy, N. 
ed with sand, constitutes the super-sou. and your own good judgment will probably fession, will take care ot themselves. J he b :„-hort lees planted far back and his long Y., the residence of Henry Vail, Esq., wo 
Along the shores of tho Detroit river, suggest the way. soil may be rich, but it needs culture. His bod y do no t fit him for a walk ashore; but saw a fine lot of Orchard grass, which from 
where the climate is exceedingly mild and After the winter is fairly upon you, we seed may bo sown, but it should bo m due hQ g . fc for hours on a little rock just its luxuriant growth, compared with other 
. , . . i • , suppose it is settled policy to separate your time, and always on soil well prepared and b d bv the waves apparently in such grasses in similar situations, could not fail 
pleasant, tobacco is cultivated m large quan- fl( PP int0 smaUcr parcels, according to their of a suitable quality for the production of d 2“ abg / nce of mind ; tb PP t passc y rS . by ar0 to attract the eye. The season, in that vi- 
tities, and peaches and grapes ot tho best hinds. Lambs and yearlings require about the crop desired. Ills stock must bo con- 1 , amiroacli in hope of catching cinity, has been remarkable for drouth, 
quality are produced. Some of tho fairest equal care; the yearlings certainly not less, stantly cared for—it derives its thrift from .1 as the boat nears him, and a which cut off tho hay crop on tho average 
wheat raised in tho Province, is produced Their teeth are often loose so as to trouble the soil, and sends back again to that soil j ; a i rea dy stretched out to grasp his more than one-half. This lot of Orchard 
wncat raise To] . ’ 0 n mss in- them about eating. Those two grades may the sustenance it requires; bu this is not ^ 18 J bead over heels, in a grass gave a large yield-coming on before 
“ *°T« P ,r„ °/ SrluiuS 110 P“‘ together, or if tho number of both done in a loose or Utadm The “■>* away hmanner. the drouth affecled it much-aifd when we 
through the town of Clark, about littj miles kiudg amounts t0 some seventy-five or a farmer s care is required, and all his better ^ ' L ' ® . . and sbows his head saw it. there was a handsome second crop on 
below tho city just mentioned, the present hundre d, they should be separated, putting judgment must be constantly exorcised in * about a quarter of a mi i c out at sea, the ground. A lot of Timothy (Herdsgrass) 
week, a farm was pointed out to me, on the stronger of each age into one parcel keeping up this system ot reciprocal bene- tbo sailor may catch him who can. at a little distance, on the same kind of soil, 
which was a five-acre field of wheat just and the remainder into another. Strong, fits that may be realized by every intelligent f b • tbe f astest swimmer and the best gave only half a crop, and had scarcely 
whicn waa avera-edsix- heavy sheep should also be separated from and industrious farmer. diverthatever dipped. enough tb afford a bite for sheep. The soil 
gatheied and thieshcd v Inch a oia ft ed six cweg Anot her axiom in reference to Thorough cultivation and a systematic at- c/onnh^ovor the mortal remains of sov- is a slaty loam.— Boston Cultivator. 
ty-three bushels to tbe acre. Clark is no bet- shecp ig> never lct a s heep grow poor in win- tention to all parts of his business, is in is- en ^ PP u “ ns in a fcw fitrides wc are on tbo -___ 
ter township than Darlington, lying adja- ter . 0 f a.11 the animals we ever attempted pensablo to a good degree of success. 1 he and at the next step in it up to our SAVE THE DEAD LEAVES. 
legs planted 
ty-three bushels to the acre. Clark is no bet- sb is> nevcr i ct a s hecp grow poor in win- tention to" all parts of his business, is indis- 
ter township than Darlington, lying adja- t er; of’all the animals we ever attempted pensablo to a good degree of success. The 
cent and directly west; and YV lutby, still to 
farther west, is better than either. ea 
The number of persons occupying land in Wi 
Upper Canada is 99,860; tho number of ^ 
acres they hold, is 9,823,233; the number g0 
under cultivation, 3,607,724. The following or 
agricultural abstract just published, and kc 
bearing the signature ot YV. C. Croftox, ''j 
er; ot ail the animals wo ever atten pieu xx.o and at the next step in it up to our 
o recruit, where there was not actual dis- very corner stone to the who o system ot The is reg ii a rly stratified; 
ase, the poor sheep, as the weather grows farming, w to do what you do thoroughly- J™“ wer stra g ta are solidi fi e d by tho weight 
;- , mvpr r . inada . " "tained ! Febuary, go about their improvement. Do it; ana good judgment at once dictates that “ th a?vo'u can scarcely put a foot from 
Ihe figures foi Lower Canada aie retained ^ ^ arc about to make them fat to cultivate properly a large farm, artificial c ’ tbo islands without sinking woul 
that the reader may contrast them with aud Uyoly> That you cannot do until the fertilizers must be used it good crops are fco theVnee and being tickled with a sensl way, 
those of Upper Canada, grass grows again. But by a few oats every obtained. Aud so with the labor, two men 0 f a hard beak digging into your unpro- fallii 
r_ w ° i j . .. nnnnftt Riuhh v ti onn hiinrnwl nprnR fit ^ m,u _ J 1 
Tjoiccr 
Canada. 
Wheat produced in bushels. 3,075,868 
SS38 
Buckwheat. 5311,417 
Maize. 400.287 
Potatoes. vrooni 
Turnips. 
Clover and grass seeds. I8.J-1 
Carrots.. 1 
Mangel Wurtzel. 103,fi99 
Beans.. • • 23,bOL 
Hops.R®- iiblM 
Flax’or Hemp.lbs- l.«67,9^G 
3 weight Ytiry few gardeners would bo guilty of so 
lark red foolish a thing as to waste barn-yard ma- 
lighter nure. But they are almost all guilty of a 
ce it has waste not a whit less excusable. We mean 
ll-baked tho waste of dead leaves that fall at this sea- 
ng eggs, son of the year, from trees and shrubs of 
by the all kinds. If every horticulturist would rc- 
holcs in fleet for a moment on the nature of these 
, seldom fallen leaves — which contain not only tho 
jposited. vegetable matter, but the earthy salts, lime, 
:h other, potash, &c., needed for the next season's 
itrances, growth — and that too, exactly in the pro- 
borately portion required by tbe very tree or plant 
lit a foot from which they fall — nay more, if they 
sinking would consider that it is precisely in this 
i a sense way, by the decomposition of these very 
• unpro- falling leaves, that nature enriches the soil, 
11 , 193,844 will fat faster than your sheep. inis is tno groat error m iarming. l wo wbicb js tbus t0 a great measure, depos- finally be lost altogether. 
639.384 The size and strength of the fibre of ihe men stn\o to (low latfour can haidly do, . , beneath the surface, and then thrown A wise horticulturist 
1®SS fleece varies inexact ratio with the condi- and thus .thousandsiofacres are run over, h birds. - Dickens' Household loot, from week to week, 
. iv* _i_ c?*_1-isi.lf fillorl find nrndnpinor halt p.rnna. I hfi I I u i i . 
Words. 
3,011,942 
■12,450 
174,895 
54,226 
18,109 
113,004 
681,682 
50,050 
tion and keeping of sheep. Starve a flock half tilled, and producing half crops. The 
for a month, and the fibre is weak and land is run over till worn out, sustaining 
worthless and no improvement in the keep- year after year the unnatural tax, till its en- 
in<r of the sheep afterwards will be of any ergios are entirely exhausted, and it fails to 
avail in improving that growth. But with yield oven a feeble crop, because its life is 
each change in the amount of care bestow- 
worn out. Much of the soil in Virginiaand menced before he is twenty-four hours old. 
other sout hern States is a type of this.— Handle him frequently—make a pet of him. 
Thousands of acres are lying entirely useless Bridle him young, and tho winter when ho 
and exhausted, and will ever remain so, till is two years old, place a wagon saddle on 
the first elements of its power are returned his back, and buckle the girt loosely. Take 
to it. This process is fast going on in many it off at night, and after doing this a few 
Bulls, Oxen auil Steers. 111,819 
Milch Cows. 
Calves and neifers. 
Horses. 236,9/7 
m,u> n . 629,827 
f ; .^ P . 256,219 
Butter.’. .’.lbs. 9,637,152 
Cheese. •••• 
..bbls. 68,/4/ 
Pork. 223.870 
Kish. 48 > 3G3 
id beneath the surface, and then thrown A wise horticulturist will diligently col- 
t by the birds. — Dickens Household lect, from week to week, the leaves that fall 
or ds. under each tree, and by digging them un- 
-—-- dcr the soil about tbe roots, where they will 
BREAKING COLTS. decay and enrich that soil, provide in the 
, , cheapest manner, the best possible food for 
The breaking of a colt should bc com- tbat ‘ troe . i„ certain vineyards in France, 
enced before lie is twenty- oui lours o c. £ be v j lies are kept in tho highest condition 
indie him irequenth make a pe o urn. b y simply burying at their roots overy leaf 
-idle him young, and the wintei when ic and br anch that is pruned off such vines, or 
two years o.d, place a ivagon sadd e on tbafc f a ]j g f rom them at the end of tho sca- 
s back, and buckle the gilt loosely.. <.i o In tho same manner, the leaves that 
off at night, and aitei doing this a ew fall from young fruit trees should be care- 
__" ’ of the Western Slates. The soil is treated times, add tho breeching, and pursue this f u ]i v 6avcd a nd (Iut in beneath the surface 
It is stated in the foreign correspondence liko an inexhaustible mine; the tillers cry - course with sill parts ot the harness, until oP ^ bo g0 ;j A single year’s experience of 
i the Michigan Farmer, that a method of ing, give, give. give , till in a tew years it will the whole is iamiliar to him. 1 hen at ( tne jtg good results will confirm our readers in 
itting drains has been adopted in Scotland, hare nothing to give. I he great boast of whippletree and while a careful person thi s pract ic c.—Horticulturist. 
and tolerably free from stones. 
the West is, large farms, and large fields of leads him, hold back so that he may feel 
grain; plow, sow, and reap, is tho business the pressure of tho collar or breastplate 
of western farmers, drawing out tho very gradually. If lie is high spirited, so much 
life of tbe soil, and sending it away in tbe the better—if you do not beat him. Be re- 
tliis practice.— Horticulturist. 
Great Crop of Wheat. —Mr. Apthorp, a 
farmer of the town of Riga, in this county, 
harvested last summer, a field of wheat con- 
tainimr twelve acres, yielding over six bun- 
. P 1 f. 11 a u» i] ia D-OCS Clown 11 um iwu l » V UllVA Cl. JL lie (luiouu vn 
of tho bushel, and that tno lib 1 ta , 1 ^ he mou \& board being so formed as to turn this subject, is beginning to correct this 
same part of the Province, does not include the earth all out. In this manner twelve practice to some extent, but in most instan- 
theproducts of the Gaspeand Bonaventure acres in the vicinity of Sterling were drain- ces but very little is returned to the soil to 
fisheries they bein'* reported separately.— ed with three plows, in one day, the tile be- keep it alive, till after several years of con- 
I have only to add* that railroads will soon ing laid in the furrow just as the plow left tinual cropping it manifests signsiof exhaus- 
4 navi uuq . The earth was returned to the ditch by tion and ultimate barrenness. When tillers 
be running through Canada; that her agri- means 0 £ a scrap0 r, in the form of the let- of the soil, understand their true interests, 
J. Clement. 
NOTICEA3LE ITEMS. 
FATTENING BEEF- 
f j clement We have been long since satisfied that better than one hundred, run over in the 
m a fe w yeai 8. _“ ‘ the cost of excavating ditches might bo re- way that many do.— Jefferson Farmer. 
NOTICEABLE ITEMS. duced by more horse labor than is generally --—— - 
- used. For instance, let a Michigan subsoil FATTENING BEEF- 
Friend Moore :—I often see noticed in plow, with ample team be set in a foot deep. _ 
. „ “ * nr ttnn-rn matters a thing very easily done; by throwing a Terhaps you intend to fatten a cow or 
tho- Rural, uncom - ‘ t. ‘ ! f urr0 w each way (leaving but a narrow strip some bullock for your beef tub, and prob- 
so I send you a few such things tor puDiica- . q tbe midd i 0 ) t { ie first foot of the ditch is ably the past unparalelled dry season has 
tion. at once thrown out with sufficient rapidity not enabled it to get in very good order— 
Wo have a Michigan rose bush that lias £ 0 p rcparo some miles for the spade in each and the lack of fall feed will mako it neces- 
orowii 14 feet 3 inches during tho past sea- | day. By running twice each way, a greater sary for you to stall feed the more. It will 
h . rp fbaj . ha<? (rrown 14 I depth and more perfect work might be at- bo a good plan to commence soon, for a 
son, also a luscanioso ic a A rfwnlar and thorough svstem of nound of corn meal, or any other good food. 
mm 11 , Hiia nauum, auu - - —produced at tho rate of 53 bushels and 
hundred will need no other breaking.- ^ dg rc . Mr. A. has cultivated 
Breaking is the word no other w, l exp ess ^ fi ^ ld - n ( uestion for thc last twentv- 
tl.o practice which lias obtained iliey ei bt arg J For the last four years, the 
have been broken head, back, and legs un- b f lg nQt been manuro d. Ills mode of 
til they were nearly valueless, and not from cu]turc is to turn under a crop of clover, 
any fault o t on own, u ion ^ a plowing ten inches deep, and then keep tho 
ranee ot the breaker ! surface mellow and clear of weeds bv the 
Colts do not refuse to work from any dis- ^ of tho cultivator . He plows but onco 
position not to earn a living, but beoause for a cr Tbe soi i a g rav olly loam, with 
they do not understand what is requited of a glii , ht . dmixt ure of clay .-Roch. Amer. 
them. They need to be educated, and this “ ° k_^_ _ 
must bo done gradually—not in a day, or a TT „ « . , 
month, but months, these are only a few The Pintado or Guinea HEN.-Sufficicnt 
brief hints—study the animal yourself, and value is not given to this delicious fowl.- 
Perhaps you intend to fatten a cow or pursued.— JYeiv England Farmer. 
some bullock for your beef tub, and prob- -—-— 
ahly the past unparalelled dry season has Great Yield. —The Editor of tl 
th. but months, these are only a few The Pintado or Guinea HEN.-Sufficicnt 
f hints—study the animal yourself, and value is not given to this delicious fowl- 
will learn what course is required to be When young it is entirely superior to the 
;ued.— JYew England Fanner. common barn-yard fowl and it is often 
_°_found gracing tho tables ot our large hotels. 
Gee « Yield. —Tho Editor of tho Frank- ornamented With the head of a grouse said 
li„ (L.a) Banner has seen a s«et potato, l“'ad often surviving to endorse guinea hens 
raised in his neighborhood weighing over as grouse for the guests ot these bo els for 
.. ../. TlS. owner „f (hanhmtatim, a week together. 1 ho Romans considered 
feet in the same time. 
tained. A regular and thorough system of pound of corn i 
draining is at presont quite expensive, cost- will do it much 
hear her cackle, see her on the nest, and got thg countr i yblg as it does, in most cases toning cattle. They will, if given judicious- rols of potatoes, from three acres of land ! ! f flr - 
an e(* 0f about eight or nine in tbe morning, t tl Yery foundation of successful farming, ly, bring tho animal up to a certain pitch— a nd left behind enough to fatten about forty " ihjtiier on tne roa i l i e 
nerformance about _ __ indeed, they will make very good beef. But hogs I calculate—a fact sir. your oxen so rapidly as tom«Jethom toll 
Pr Kivn T n -mu Stock -It is much less if you have some corn meal or oil cake to - In breaking young steers, accustom them 
mw o nrodoeile -top off” with, it will be much hotter.- Fatting Hocs.-If kept in a proper place to a quick pace never less than two miles 
bor to take caio ot animals tnat are aocue 1 ’ tomnwiturfl of November is favorable an hour; it mado to exceed tins, they will 
d quiet, than those that are uneasy and Me. tanner. _ for* SZXogs livo tZ .a dry warm never be slow travelers when they become 
T iPit iinll. snnn. catch the twit it of J1 & _ « .. , ___ a 
and witness tho same performance about 
three or four in tho afternoon. 
havered potatooa thU season weigh- labor to take of animalathat arc docile 
w two pounds each. f] d 9“^ than those that are unea^ ami Me. 1 aimer. __for fattening hogs. Give them a dry, warm never be slow travelers when they become 
On tl,i» ISth of Out, I have taken a pum- d°Zn"m,ris 'and J- Fattexino Hoos—jf you havn’t already plaj» feed often on wann food and they oxen ; 
her of apples from my cellar ot tho growth » ions arc kind an d gentle, they will come to begun to fatten your hogs shut them right ri “ ,..1 m,m /lisTneTt is iwof” uable animals, in place if the horse on the 
of 1851. of the Roxbury Russet variety, ami their places with confidence and allow you up. and begin the business forthwith Give pouiils a . y. ‘ x ff Fa } mer road and farm will bo removed. 
"J fectv sound —looking as though they to fca&le then, pretty much as you please, them a warn, dry nest to sleep in, and keep .table fo r us to raise polk— yV. E. f armer. __ . 
pel recti) buuuv, 6 a j rp , f «„rnnlent food and fed them so full ot good swill that they are will- -— . . , 
-j a-TS.’- »■■■ ■,» jS Rg gj.-ag ssKH^srrsr.J??? -’SfSRWaaaar 
J** y s t v VSo C r a wa"pS f^ . wlSr ^ IchaniXTt.^Fu^r."" ^ ^ ZVsorro^olTy. r?sfttbles to bo affo7dod .0 cattle for food. 
Whether on the road or farm, never drive 
your oxen so rapidly as to make them "loll. ’ 
In breaking young steers, accustom them 
never bo slow travelers when they become 
Secure tho husks of corn by packing 
down with the straw of oats, wheat or bar- 
