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I MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A WEEKLY HOME NEWSPAPER, 
Designed for both Country and Town Residents. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
I BIXEY, L. WETHERELL, AND II. C. WHITE. 
With a numerous corps of able Contributors and 
Correspondents. 
Tnn UrRAr. New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
I beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
| and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
| it advocates. .It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul- 
j tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and Nows Matter — 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- 
j ings — than any other paper published in this Country. 
For Terms, &e., see last page. ,^TJ} 
%rirttlfimil Jt{tarfmmt 
PTfSIMiJSSSSS AX5) IMPROVEMENT. 
THE ECONOMY OF FARMING- WELL. 
The secret of success in farming lias re¬ 
peatedly been declared to be, “much labor 
on little land,” and it is true as far as this ; 
that a farm cultivated and taken care of in 
a caretul, workmanlike manner, will repay 
tho outlay of capital and labor, whilo one 
carried on in a slovenly, make-do way. brings 
but a slight return, if any, and is constantly 
deteriorating in value. A now correspond¬ 
ent presents the subject in a different point 
of view from thoso wc have already given. 
IIo writes as follows : 
In company with a gentleman wishing to 
purchase a farm, I visited one in Monroe 
county, of about ono hundred and fifty 
acres. Tho price was $60 per acre, and the 
soil and location such that it could bo easily 
mado to pay tho interest of $100. Ono 
field, of about twenty acres—the soil a deep 
vegetablo loam—from which tho timber 
was removed many yoars since, was partly 
covered with briars, brush and old stumps. 
It could be underdrained, cleared of the 
rubbish, and laid down as a meadow for 
$200, and would then be in a condition to i 
produce at least two tons of the best qual- 1 
ity of hay to tho aero. And then it could 1 
bo cut over in two days by tho labor of ono < 
man, a span ot horses and a mowing ma- ' 
chine. 1 
A field of forty acres in wheat tho past ( 
season, was covered with stumps and stones, 
preventing good work with tho plow and ; 
harrow, as well as tho uso of tho labor- < 
saving roaper—and much of tho mowing t 
land was disfigured by logs, Sec. Tho farm ‘ 
was good, but in bad condition. As to t 
fences, they wore mostly of rails, and many ( 
of thoso in such a stato of decay as to bo * 
nearly worthless. t 
/ ho owner ot tho farm had occupied it ^ 
somo twolvo years, and had ho exponded I 
$500 in improvements, it would now bo s 
worth $80 per acre, instead of $60, making s 
a difference of $3,000, which he loses in the 
sale, from not making this economical out- t 
lay. I know not how many such farms 
thoro arc in Western Now York, but there 
are some—too many for tho profit of their t 
owners. With tho high price of tho pro- h 
ducts of tho farm, and the many labor-sa- il 
ving machines for tho farmer, is ho not t 
prompted to put his lands in tho host possi- J 
b!o condition ? I am glad to see that many 1 
are doing this throughout tho country. IV 
RUBY II. 
BLCiiE.^S. 
Prize Short-horn Heifers.-the Property of S. P. Chapman, Clockville, Madison County, N. Y 
SHORT - HORNS. - PRIZE HEIFERS. 
Cutting Corn Stalks. —A correspondent 
of tho Boston Cultivator, thinks tho butts of 
corn fodder of little valuo for cattio even if 
chopped fine. Ho says ho has repeatedly 
done this, “steamed them, and put on meal, 
and the cattle, would lick off tho moal and 
leave the butts," and ho gives it as his opinion 
that “cattio must bo short kept to eat them 
at all. What do those of our readers who 
havo tried this think about it ? 
Salt, as well as plaster, is a good addition 
to tho manure heap, as ono of its constitu¬ 
ents unites with ammonia in the form of a 
muriate, and another furnishes a valuable 
carbonate. Six quarts of salt to a cord of 
\ barn-yard manuro is thought tho propor 
quantity. 
V y 
) The Short-horns, or Durhams, aro un- 
) doubtedly tho most popular of tho various 
r improved breeds of cattio in America.— 
j -iliey aro likowiso tho most numerous, and 
r moro generally introduced than any othor 
) pure brood. Ihey have been much sought 
i a ^ ter f° r many years,—find of lato tho de- 
. mand for choice specimens of tho different 
families is apparently increasing in most of 
the grazing sections of tho country. Tho 
prices realized at tho sales of different 
importers and breeders, within tho past 
year, prove tho high estimation in which 
they aro held, and will undoubtedly induce 
many farmers of moans and enterprise to 
givo them a trial—while others, already sat¬ 
isfied in regard to their merits, will become 
more extensive cultivators and propagators 
of them in thoir respective localities. 
Tho animals shown in tho above engraving 
aro tho property of S. P. Chapman, Esq., 
of Clockville, Madison Co., N. Y., and took 
tho first prize, at tho Show of tho N. Y. 
Stato Agricultural Society, held at Roches¬ 
ter in 1851,—in connection with Mr. C.’s 
cows, Ruby, Charlotte, and Daisy III— as 
tho " three best Short-horn heifers under 
throe years of ago, and tho three best Short¬ 
horn cows over three years of age, owned 
by ono person.” Tho portraits' were taken 
soon after that exhibition, and wo aro as¬ 
sured by Mr. Chapman that tho animals 
have much improved in appearance during 
tho past year. 
Thoso heifers were also shown at tho late 
State I air hold at Utica, when Duchess won 
tho second prize for cows,—being herself 
but three years old, and competing with 
aged cows. Ruby II won tho first prize for 
two year old Short-horn heifers; and Hilpa 
4th, the first prize for Short-horn yearlings. 
They also took prizes at tho Show of the 
Madison County Ag. Society. 
Below wo givo tho pedigree of thoso boau- 
| tiful animals, as furnished by Mr. Chapman: 
Hilpa 4th — Roan : bred by Geo. Vail, Esq., of 
Troy, X. Y.: calved April 9th, 1851: got by the 
imported Bates bull, Duke of Wellington, 55, 
[3654]—dam the imported Bates cow [Hilpa] bred 
by Mr. Bell, by the Duchess bull Cleveland Lad 
[3407]— g. d. [Hawkey] by Red Rose bull [2493] 
—gr. g. d. [Hart] by Rex [1375.] 
Ruby 2d — Roan; bred by S. P. Chapman: calved 
2 1 th May, 1850: got by Buena Vista [Buena 
\ ista was sired by the Bates bull Meteor, 104 ; his 
dam. Queen 2d, bred by Cuas. Henry Hall,]— 
dam [Ruby] by Bates bull Symmetry, 166, g. d. 
[Willey 3d] by Mars—gr. g. d. by York—gr. 
gr, g. d. [Old Willey] imported. [Ruby, the dam of ' 
tliis heifer, was awarded the first prize at the State i 
l'liir held at Albany, in 1850, in class of milch 1 
,<Ws ; having made from the 10th to the 20th of 
June, and from the 10th to the 20th of August, 
1850, a period of 20 days, over 40 lbs. of butter ; 
—her feed, grans only.'] 
Duchess —White; bred by S. P. Chapman: 
calved 25th June, 184.9 : got by the imported 
Bates bull Duke of Wellington, 55, [3654]—(lam 
[ [Matilda] by White Jacket [5647]—grand darn 
[Hart] imported. [Duchess is an excellent milk¬ 
er, and promises to nearly equal Ruby.] 
RAISING AND FATTENING SWINE. 
CORN.-THE JOINTER PLOW, &c. 
Messrs. Editors :—I send you a braid of 
my seed corn of this years growth, on tho 
lot I gave you .an account of last spring, 
which was fitted with ono of Smith’s small 
Jointer plows on the beam of a common 
plow. I am satisfied that the Jointer saved 
me moro than $1 in labor, on every acre of 
corn, so effectually was tho grass covered 
up and subdued I have let my Jointer bo 
fitted into patterns and farmers can get 
them of two firms at Honeoye Falls. They 
will bo used when known by farmers. 
Much of my corn failed to come up, and 
had to bo planted over. Tho fore part of 
Juno some of my workmen were ready to 
givo me tho joke about tho appearance of 
my corn. I answered them by saying that 
I thought thore would be somo nubbins, and 
gave as my reason for that opinion that I 
had thorough-drained the wettest part of 
tho field. Soon after tho corn was up there 
came a heavy rain, after which I observed 
on the knolls, where it had roceived tho 
most liberal dressing of long manure, that 
tho water had run from under tho furrows 
into tlio center furrow, and had the same 
appearance of that running from barn¬ 
yards, after a rain. I told my men, when 
tho corn roots reached tho manure it would 
improve its appearance; and to help it in 
the start, I had applied to tho hills at the 
rate of one bushel of plaster mixed with 
two bushels of unleachod ashes to the acre. 
So clean did tho corn stand that it was not 
hoed until tho first week in July, though the 
cultivator was passed through it twico in a 
row oach way in tho month of June. I 
have just finished gathering the crop, and 
allowing 75 lbs. of ears to makoa bushel of 
shelled corn, the result is equal to 72 J bush, 
of shelled corn to tho aero. And I think 
the whole pieco will average 70 bushels. 
The two separato oars I send you both 
grow on one stalk. Tho appearanco of 
thorn with the braid I send you will help 
you to decide whether thorough-draining, 
and long manuro, are beneficial in so dry a 
soason as the past has been in this vicinity. 
I consider that both are bonelicial provi¬ 
ding there is sufficient rain to thoroughly 
soak the manure, after it is turuod under, 
before the drouth comes on. 
Alvin Wilcox. 
West Bloomfield, N. Y., Not. 12, 1852. 
. Messrs. Editors:— Pork raising in this 
] country has become an important item in 
i tho produce of every farm, and a few re- 
i marks may not be considered inapppropri- 
ato as to tho best and most economical 
method of turning our surplus grain and 
othor products, into pork. The con¬ 
trol orted question ot cooked or unccok- 
i cc * food is now quite settled by the increas- 
i ing and almost universal practice among 
, thu m ore intelligent farmers of cooking all 
[ kinds of food. But there are other contro- 
i verfc ed questions connected with pork rais- 
l ing, concerning which there is greater diver- 
■ sit y o f opinion, and less effort made to re- 
concilo conflicting sentiments, by careful 
, anc i investigatory experiments. A few ex¬ 
periments havo been instituted to ascertain 
tho comparative valuo of corn as an article 
of food in tho production of pork ; and tho’ 
they have not always been conclusive or sat¬ 
isfactory tests, yet they have not unfrequent- 
ly resulted in decided profit to the experi¬ 
menter. 
But it is by no means conclusively estab¬ 
lished that the farmers of tho Eastern and 
Middle States can make it profitable or oven 
remunerative, to turn thoir corn into pork. 
The experience of tho majority of farmers 
would seem to forco us to an opposite con¬ 
clusion. Indeed, it is rarely that a bushel 
of corn is, or can bo mado to produce in 
pork, its equivalent in valuo. But though 
farmers generally have vague notions that 
this is tho case, yet tho conviction seems to 
havo little or no influence in lessoning the 
amount of grain annually turned into pork. 
And wo shall probably witness no diminution 
in tho quantity of pork fatted for market, 
until this hesitating belief ripens into firm 
conviction, and the question is conclusively 
settled. 
But is not the loss that accrues from the 
feeding of corn, in a great measure attribu- 
[ table to tho ignorance of the farmer of the 
principles of nutrition ? By attention to 
this subject, he will bo enabled to provide 
against no mean proportion of his present 
loss, it it does not prove to him a sourco of 
actual profit. The hog, like all animals, is 
subject to strict and unvarying organic laws. 
He can sustain life on noither sugar nor saw¬ 
dust, and tho nearer we approach either of 
thoso extremes in preparing his food, to that 
extent do wo derange the healthful action 
of the digestive fuctions and impair tho health 
of the animal. Too groat or too small a 
proportion of nutriment, is attended with in¬ 
jurious consoquonces, and wo can only se¬ 
cure the conversion of all tho nutritient 
properties of food by that strict attention to ; 
the preparation of his food, which will unite i 
tho requisite amount of nutrition necessarj 
to secure a perfect and healthful digestion 
with the proper quantity of waste matter. 
Corn is exceptionablo only because it is 
too nutritious and it is owing to this fact 
j that tho greater proportion of the loss ari¬ 
ses in feeding it; for when made to consti¬ 
tute tho solo article of food, as it commonly 
| is, a largo percentage of tho amount is evac- 
: uatod from tho system undigested, in con¬ 
sequence of insufficiency of nutritious mat¬ 
ter. It is too highly concentrated to sus¬ 
tain a healthy condition of tho digestive or¬ 
gans, hence derangement and debility follow 
and a large portion of tho food, unassiinila- 
ted and undigested, remains unchanged in 
character to add its valuable properties to 
the manuro heap. 
Now then to guard against this absolute 
waste of food, and render it digestible and 
readily convertible into flesh and blood, we 
have only to reduce the amount of nutrition 
by compounding it in proper quantities with 
other less concentrated food. Let the 
farmer, instead of feeding apples or potatoes 
tho first month, and corn tho second, mix 
tho two together in proper proportions, and 
feed it cooked, three times a day, in as large 
quantities as will be eaten without waste, 
and tho result will confirm him in the prac¬ 
tice, when he realizes the gratifying increaso 
in the amonnt of pork, over tho amount 
previously fatted on the same amount of 
i00 <T Gelon. 
CHESS, A TRANSMUTATION OF WHEAT. 
“ Is it possible for Nature, under certaii 
circumstances, to produce plants withou 
seed, or spontaneously? If it is not, hov 
shall we account for the weeds and grasse 
that immediately spring up on newly clearet 
land : Is it possible that a blossom o 
wheat can be impregnated with the poller 
of chess and the kernel retain the form o 
1 wheat ? Is it possible that this kornel, inas 
much as it must partako of tho properties 
of chess, (wheat:) can produce chess, and 
not violato the law of nature beforo men¬ 
tioned ?” So asks II. A. Barnum, in the 
Rural, Vol. 3, No. 39. 
In reply to tho first two queries above, tho 
author will find something on the subject, 
in tho 47th number of the Rural, (Vol. 2.' 
page 371,) under the head of “About Seeds;” 
also in No. 26, Vol. 3, under tho head of 
“Durability of Seeds.” In addition to 
what is there stated, we may remark, that 
the seeds of thoso weeds that spring up in 
newly cleared land are very small and very 
numerous, and always furnished with a 
plume or feather, by means of which they 
are readily conveyed by tho breeze in myri¬ 
ads through tho air; that both these and 
