379 
Clj t (Drtjjari) unit (Sarbrn. 
FRUIT CULTURE IN MICHIGAN. 
We find the following report in the Tran¬ 
sactions of the American Pomologieal Socie¬ 
ty for 1852. It is both interesting and valua¬ 
ble ; and this is a characteristic of all Mr. 
Cone writes.— [Eds. Rural. 
In compliance with your request that I 
would join the Committeo, and report for 
the northern part of this Peninsula, I sub¬ 
mit for consideration the following report. 
As I am a farmer by profession, and have 
been engaged in the cultivation of fruit only 
as one of tho branches of common farm 
husbandry, it will not bo expocted that I 
shall bo able to entor into minute details, 
as those would who have made fruit growing 
their only business and study. 
Tho facts hero sot forth have been gained 
from my own observation and experience, 
and from that of others in different sections 
where fruit has been longest cultivated. 
Most of this Peninsula lying north of the 
base lino has been recently sottlod, and fruit 
culture has been but little attended to.— 
There are only a few counties settled a suf¬ 
ficient length of timo for the inhabitants yet 
to pay much attention to the subject. It is 
about thirty years since even the oldest 
counties wore a wilderness, and long after 
the settlement was commenced the settlors 
had to attend to tho more pressing duties 
of providing tho necessaries of life, which 
prevented their devoting much timo to the 
cultivation of fruit. Rut as they were 
mostly emigrants from New York and New 
England,* and knew the value of fruit, as 
soon as other duties would pormit, many 
obtained from tho places where they had 
formerly resided, those fruits they most 
highly esteemed. This gave us a good se¬ 
lection, especially of apples, and the result 
proved that most varieties succeeded well 
here, and that several did even better here 
than they had done in places from whence 
they woro taken. Tho fact was soon estab¬ 
lished that nearly all the fruits cultivated in 
New York, New England, and Northern 
Ohio, were adapted to the soil and climate 
of this part of Michigan. The difficulties 
that had to bo encountered in obtaining 
trees or stocks to engraft, and tho limited 
knowledge of fruit culture wo then pososs- 
ed, rendered our progress slow. 
Few at that day, knew how to seta scion, 
or take proper care of a tree. Within a few 
years, however, an interest has been awak¬ 
ened, and knowledge has been rapidly ex¬ 
tending, which promises to work thorough¬ 
ly, and make this section one that will not 
be excelled for the quality and abundance 
of its fruits, by any part of the west. 
The profits of fruit culture have been 
greatly diminished by the ignoranco that 
has prevailed in regard to the proper treat¬ 
ment of the trees, and the little judgment 
that has been exercised in making a selec¬ 
tion, either for domestic purposes or for 
market. Our markets are abundantly sup¬ 
plied with fall and early winter fruit, but 
there is a scarcity of early fruits of all kinds, 
and of late keeping apples particularly.— 
Early apples are seldom worth less than 
one dollar por bushel, and late keeping 
kinds from one to two dollars. Fow farm¬ 
ers have apples for family use more than 
half the year, when they might easily obtain 
those kinds that would ripen in succession 
during tho entire year. 
The rage for extending tho lists of even 
untried varieties, is another serious evil.— 
Tho extended lists herotoforo offered for 
sale by our nurserymen have induced many 
to cultivate those kinds that were not first- 
rate, or were not adapted to their market. 
This evil is now being corrected, as the list 
of trees offered for sale has lately been much 
curtailed and improved. 
Our fruit trees have been nearly exempt 
from disease, and our fruit almost without 
an enemy, until within a few years. The 
curculio first attacked the plums with such 
effect that their cultivation was soon aban¬ 
doned, as no remedy had been found 
that was sufficiently simple and expeditious 
for common application. 
Some varieties of pears (tho Summer 
Bon Chretien in particular,) began to di¬ 
minish in size and crack somo years since, 
and in two or three years tho fruit became 
worthless. From a single experiment tried 
two years ago, it was ascertained that a 
thorough thinning out of tho small branch¬ 
es, and heavy manuring, consisting of the 
sweepings of a blacksmith shop, where hor¬ 
ses have been shod, would restore the fruit 
to its original size and flavor, and increaso 
the productiveness of the trees. 
Tho greatest enemy by far that has yet 
appeared, is tho apple worm. It was first 
noticed hero three years ago; it did not 
then cause any alarm, but last year it de¬ 
stroyed, or greatly injured, much of tho 
small crop of both apples and pears. 
This season it is doing great injury to 
what promisod, in tho early part of the sea- 
son, to be an abundant crop of fair fruit.— 
As tho habits of this worm are different this 
season from what it has heretofore been, I 
am inclined to believe that two broods have 
been produced this season, and tho last 
commenced their attack on tho fruit only a 
short timo sinco. Tho roasons for my 
opinion are, that all tho fruit that was stung 
early, dropped before coming to maturity. 
All the early fruit that came to maturity 
was untouched, and but four weeks ago, 
few specimens of tho latter fruits on Tho 
trees showed any appearance of tho worm ; 
but now, (Sept. 7,) a largo part of the fruit 
is stung not only in tho eye, but in many 
places on tho surface, and I havo taken six 
or eight worms from a single applo, from 
an oighth to a quarter of an inch long, 
making their way from the surface towards 
the centre. 
Is the common theory in regard to tho 
habits of tho applo worm correct, or is there 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
not some other place than the crevices in 
the bark of tho tree where they remain du¬ 
ring the winter ? I am inclined to think 
thero is, for my own trees have been annu¬ 
ally scraped and washed with lye; tho 
trunks and branches have been kept smooth, 
the ground has been well cultivated around 
them, the young trees, and sometimes tho 
old ones, have been mulched with partly 
rotted straw, removed or dug in the fall, and 
yot the worm has injured my fruit much 
more than it has that of others in this vicin¬ 
ity who havo entirely neglected their trees. 
Has not tho mulch been a harbor for the 
worm ? 
Tho limits of this report will not allow 
mo to name the different varieties that have 
been fully tested and pronounced first-rate 
or those that havo not succeeded well. If 
I should, I would, no doubt, make many 
mistakes in regard to names. There are 
many varieties that are cultivated under 
many different names, and it is in somo ca¬ 
ses extremely difficult to ascertain the truo 
name. Many do not at all agree with the 
description wo find in the books. The Eso- 
pus Spitzenberg is not like that grown in 
Now York. With us it is larger; flesh not 
so firm, and much less acid. Tho Early 
Joe, which has boon fruited hero for two 
seasons, does not at all agree with the de¬ 
scription given by Barry. Here it is of me¬ 
dium size; some specimens now beforo me 
measuring nino and a half inches in circum¬ 
ference. In color they aro not deep red, 
but rather striped with red, spotted with 
yellow slightly russottod spots, and resem¬ 
bling in color tho Westfield Seek-no-further. 
Tho specimens that I have of the Early Joe 
are truo, the scions having been obtained 
from tho original tree. 
I would, in conclusion, remark that we 
have been visited with tho most sovere and 
protracted drouth that was ever known 
hero, and our fruit has suffered materially 
in consequence. In somo orchards, in 
which grain has been grown, the fruit has 
withered when half grown upon the tree, 
and tho trees now have the appearanco of 
being nearly dead. 
Regretting that this duty had not been 
assigned to one bettor qualified to perform 
the task, I subscribe myself 
Yours, truly, Linus Cone. 
Troy, Oakland Co., Michigan, Sept. 7., 1852. 
NATIVE TREES.-A SUGGESTION. 
TO HEAD CABBAGES IN WINTER. 
“ Head him or die,” was tho vow of a 
politician; wo forget which he did ; but for 
us farmers tho cabbages might as well die as 
forget to head. A plan that never fails to 
cause a cabbage, that has tho least curl in 
tho inner leaves, to head during tho win¬ 
ter — and a very good way to keep headed 
cabbages through tho cold winter, is the fol¬ 
lowing which wo have tried with success. 
_ Select a suitable spot in a garden orfiold, 
six feet in width, of any devised length, free 
from standing water; run a furrow the pro¬ 
posed length of your bed and throw a back 
furrow upon it. This double furrow will 
form a side ivall of your cabbage house. In 
the trench stand your cabbages on their 
roots leaning towards the furrow at an angle 
of 40 to 45 degrees. Let the next furrow 
bo thrown upon tho roots and stalks of tho 
cabbages, and another row be placed in tho 
trench made by tho second furrow; thus 
proceed until your six feet of width is plant¬ 
ed, then let the last furrow bo a double one 
— making the othor side-wall about the 
height of tho cabbage-head. Through tho 
whole length of tho middle of tho patch lay 
rails lengthwise, supported by crutches, at 
a height of about two feet from the cabba¬ 
ges; this will form the ridge of tho cabbage- 
house. Lay light brush-wood from the sido- 
walls to tho ridge-pole; then throw on salt 
hay, or bog hay, or straw, two inches in 
depth. As the cold weather advances throw 
on dirt until you havo a depth of say six or 
eight inches—or even more, when the win¬ 
ters are severe, and finally spank the dirt 
roof with tho flat of a spade, until it will 
shed tho rain. Fill up the two ends of your 
house in tho samo manner, leaving only 
small air-holes of a foot or two diameter, 
which may bo closed with hay, and opened 
occasionally on a fair day. The length of 
the houso should bo on a north and south 
line. 
In tho early spring you will find your 
most unpromising plants havo heads of their 
own ; and all be thriving and fresh. Try it 
once, and you’ll try it over afterwards.— 
Journal of Agriculture. 
How to Enlarge Vegetables. — Avast 
increaso of food may bo obtained by manag¬ 
ing judiciously and systematically—carrying 
out for a time the principles of increase.— 
Take, for instance, a pea. Plant it in very 
rich ground ; allow it to bear tho first year 
say half a dozen pods only; save the‘'lar¬ 
gest, tho following year, and retain of tho 
produce three pods only; sow tho largest 
tho following year, and retain one pod;— 
again select tho largest, and the next year 
the sort will by this timo have trebled its 
sizo and weight. Ever afterwards sow tho 
largest seed, and by these means you will 
get peas or anything else, of a bulk of which 
wo at present have no conception. 
'Wintering Tea Roses. —Tho following 
mode, is reported by the editor of tho Hor¬ 
ticulturist, as having been entirely success¬ 
ful tho past severe winter. Ono foot of tan 
bark, appliod to tho oval bed late in autumn, 
nearly cover all the stems, tho tallest being 
bent down. This tan bark was kept pei* 
fectly dry by means of three bundles of 
straw, formed into a circular radiating 
thatch, gathoi’ed to a point at tho centre- 
forming what a farmor would call a cap.— 
Hooping tho tan dry is tho groat requisite. 
There is no greater obstacle in the way 
of success in life, than trusting for something 
to turn up, instead of going stoadily to work 
and turning up something, 
There is many a good, honest farmer, 
whoso dwelling stands bare as a light house 
upon an ocean rock, exposed to every wind 
that blows, and every ray of sun that a 
merciless mid-summer day pours down on 
its devoted walls and windows. Tho very 
chickens cannot find a shrub to shelter 
them, without making a journey of half a 
mile. 
Now that winter is upon us, and thero are 
idle men sighing for something to do, and 
idle horses gnawing their stalls and growing 
unruly for lack of exercise and labor; go 
into tho woods somo fine, mild day, when 
thero is snow enough on the ground to make 
comfortable sleighing, tako up some fine 
young maples, elms, basswoods, tulip trees, 
(whitewood.) put them on the sled and 
transport them to your homes, plant them 
along tho roadsides, and here and there in 
the vicinity of your dwellings; and in a year 
or two you will find you have made a won¬ 
derful improvement in the comfort of your 
home and the appearance of your home 
landscape. Dig good, largo, wide and deep 
holes for them. First, have some good 
loam from the fence corner or the woods, 
to put about the roots. Take them up with 
all the roots entire, prune tho heads lightly, 
but don’t “pollard ” them—that is, cut off 
the heads entirely—for that destroys their 
natural characteristic forms for several 
years. Shorten the limbs only. If ever¬ 
greens, such as balsam firs, spruces, hem¬ 
locks, pines, and cedars, can be had. don’t 
fail to add a few of them.— Genesee Far. 
A VEGETABLE SERPENT. 
According to somo Italian journals, a now 
organized being has been discovered in the 
interior of Africa, which seems to form an 
intermediate link between vegetable and 
animal life. This singular production has 
the shape of a spotted serpent. It drags 
itself along on the ground, and, instead of a 
head, has a flowor shaped like a bell, which 
contains a viacous liquid. Flies and other 
insects attracted by the smell of tho juice, 
enter into the flower, where they are caught 
by tho adhesive matter. »Tho flower then 
closes and remains shut until the prisoners 
are bruised and transformed into chyle.— 
The indigestible portions, such as the head 
and wings, are thrown out by two aspired 
openings. The vegetable serpent has a skin 
resembling leaves, a white soft flesh, and in¬ 
stead of a bony skeleton, a cartilagenous 
frame filled with yellow marrow. The na¬ 
tives consider it delicious food, at least so 
says the paper from which we copy the 
above, but we consider the whole story a 
fabrication.— Scientific American. 
WASHINGTON CARES. 
Ho. 1.—One pound of butter, one pound 
of flour, ono pound of sugar, six eggs, one 
wine-glass of brandy, one grated nutmeg, 
one tablo spoonful of cinnamon, two pounds 
of dried currants, one table spoonful of dis¬ 
solved sakcratus, half a pint of rich milk.— 
Stir the butter and sugar to a cream. Beat 
the eggs very light and stir into it, then add 
the liquor, spice, and milk, then stir in the 
flour, and lastly the sakcratus. Butter a 
pan and bake it. 
No. 2.—Ono pound of sugar, three-quar¬ 
ters of a pound of butter, four eggs, one lb. 
of flour, one tea cupful of milk, two tea- 
spoonsful of brandy, half a teaspoonful of 
cinnamon,, half a nutmeg, ono pound of 
dried currants washed, picked, and wiped 
dry. Beat tho butter and sugar until it is 
smooth and light. Whisk tho eggs until 
they are thick, and add them to the butter 
and sugar. Stir in the flour, brandy, and 
spice. Flour the fruit and stir it in. " Beat 
the whole very hard for fifteen minutes.— 
Then stir in the sakcratus. Line the sides 
and bottom of your pan with thick paper, 
butter it well, pour in the mixture and bake 
it in a moderate oven. For those who ob¬ 
ject to tho use of brandy, two table spoons¬ 
ful of rose-water may be substituted in its 
place.— National Cook Book. 
Walnuts a Family Medicine. — The N. 
England Cultivator presents tho following 
recipo for making a useful medicine from 
walnuts. Get tho green walnuts fit for 
pickling, put them in a stone jar filled up 
with sugar, in tho proportion of half a pound 
to a score of walnuts; place tho jar in a 
saucepan of boiling water, for about three 
hours, taking care that the water does not 
get in. and keep it simmering during the 
operation. The sugar, when dissolved, 
should cover the walnuts, and if it does not, 
add more, cover it close, and in six months, 
it will bo fit for use ; tho older it gets tho 
better it is. Ono walnut is ;i dose for a 
child six years of age, as a purgative, and it 
has this great advantage over drugs, that 
while it is an excellent medicine, it is at 
tho same time very pleasant tjo the palate, 
and will be esteemed by the vounger folks 
as a treat. 
Remedy for Throat Diseases. — Dr. 
Merrill, of Memphis, publishes tor tho 
public benefit the following remedy for dis¬ 
eases of tho throat and air passages, some¬ 
what common in our section : 
Take of the iodide of potash 1 drachm, 
iodine i a drachm, water 1 ounce, gum ara- 
bic 2 drachms, white sugar 2 drachms. Mix 
and keep in a phial with a glass stopper.— 
This wash is to bo appliod to tho back part 
of the throat, the tonsils and the root of 
the tongue with a camel’s hair brush, the 
tongue being depressed with a spoon handle, 
or other suitable instrument. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED from the uxited states patent office 
For the week ending November 16,1852. 
Ten days per annum is tho averago sick¬ 
ness of human life. 
Chas. S. Barnes, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in expanding bits. 
Levis LI. Davis, Samuel and Morton Pennock, 
of Kennet Square, Pa., for improvement in seed 
planters. 
Lewis S. Chichester, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in flax pullers. 
Jno. A. Van Riper, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in carpet looms. 
Wm. Field, of Providence, R. I., for improved 
machine for making thimbles for rigging, tfcc. 
Wm. A. Gates, of Mount Comfort, Tenn., for 
improvement in cotton seed planters. 
J. B. S. Hadaway, of East Weymouth, Mass., 
for improved sash stopper and fastener. 
Robt. B. Jones, of Birmingham, Pa., for im¬ 
proved blind and shutter operator. 
David Kennedy, of Reading, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in tanning. 
Edward and D. Kinsey, of Cincinnati, 0., for 
improvement in bottle stopper. 
Joel G. Northrup, of Syracuse, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in cylinder printing presses. 
Prof. Adolph Richter, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvements in perspective drawing apparatus. 
Stephen P. Ruggles, of Boston, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in printing presses. 
Cornelius Speer, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in bracing and supporting card teeth. 
Daniel H. Southworth, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvements in serving malletts. 
Daniel H. Wiswell, of Buffalo, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in Railroad car seats. 
Hezek. T. Jennings & Chas. S. Collier, of Beth¬ 
any, N. Y., and Thos. P. How, of Buffalo, N. Y, 
assignors to H. T. Jennings <fc Chas. S. Collier, of 
Bethany, N. Y, and Dorus Perry & A. Beardsley 
of Middlebury, N. Y., and A. Hemmingway, of Per¬ 
ry, N. Y., for improvement in cordage machinery. 
DESIGNS. 
Jos. Pratt, of Boston, Mass., assignor to Bowers, 
Pratt & Co., of same place, for d esigu for a Frank¬ 
lin stove. 
Jos. Pratt, of Boston, Mass., assignor to Bow¬ 
ers, Pratt Co., of same place, for design for a 
parlor giate. 
A NEW SEWING MACHINE. 
Tiie most extraordinary event of tho Fair 
of the American Institute, now open at New 
York, and tho ono that has caused most sen¬ 
sation among tho exhibitors, has been oc¬ 
casioned by the sudden advent of a now 
sewing machine. A number of other ma¬ 
chines of the same kind have been in con¬ 
stant operation in the garden since the 
opening of the Exhibition, and have boon 
surrounded by curious crowds, astonished at 
their marvelous operation. They little sup¬ 
posed that a man down in Pennsylvania was 
engaged at that very moment in perfecting 
a machine which would entirely surpass 
these, and bo sold at loss than one quarter 
of tho price. 
But on Thursday the new machine made 
its appearance and was set to work by the 
inventor. An eager crowd shortly gathered 
around it. Members of the Institute, ex¬ 
hibitors and visitors, were alike struck with 
admiration at its simplicity of construction, 
the rapidity of its operation, and tho neat¬ 
ness and excellence of tho work it perform¬ 
ed. Tho fame of the new machine rapidly 
spread through tho city, and boforo night 
tempting offers woro made tho inventor by 
gentlemen from Wall street, who wished to 
become purchasers. You may judge of tho 
simplicity of its mechanism from the fact 
that the machines will be sold for the low 
price of twenty-five dollars each ! and any 
little girl can learn to operate with it in five 
minutes time. Tho machine makes a double 
stitch, each independent of tho other, so 
that one-half the stitches may be cut or bro¬ 
ken, and the work still remain firm. It 
works equally well on woollen, cotton or lin¬ 
en clothes. 
The inventor is Dr. Otis Avery, of Ilomes- 
dale, Pa., a gentleman of moderate circum¬ 
stances, but whose invention promises to 
make his fortune. He has associated with 
him C. Nettleton, Esq., of 54 Wall streot, 
and the machines will be manufactured by 
them jointly. 
\\ e regard the advent of this new inven¬ 
tion as one of the extraordinary events of 
the times, because the simplicity and cheap¬ 
ness of tho machine bring it within tho 
means of nearly every family — thus work¬ 
ing an entire revolution in the present mode 
of sewing.—JY. E. Cultivator. 
THE WAY TO MAKE GOOD WORKMEN. 
The facts stated in tho following para¬ 
graph from the Tribune, deserve the atten¬ 
tion of all who employ laborers : 
“For the past three years, the Messrs. 
Hoe & Co., the eminent printing press man¬ 
ufacturers, have maintained, at their own 
expenso, an evening school for the instruc¬ 
tion of their apprentices and employees in 
mathematics, tho exact sciences, mechanical 
drawing, the French and English languages, 
&c. Every ono of their many apprentices 
is required to give a punctual "attendance at 
the school, which is also open to such adult 
members of the establishment as choose to 
attend. Two teachers, Messrs. O’Gorman 
and Diak, are i-egularly employed, and Pro¬ 
fessor Hyatt has just been engaged to give 
a courso of lectures on Experimental Phi¬ 
losophy, which,are now being delivered, and 
will close tho winter term. They are at¬ 
tended by nearly all the workmen as well 
as the apprentices. Wo mention these facts 
because we consider them worthy of being 
imitated by other large employers of labor¬ 
ing men.” 
MODERN MACHINERY. 
A writer on the benefits machinery has 
conferred upon man, anticipates tho day 
when it will perform nearly all tho domes¬ 
tic drudgery now done by hand. It will 
carry hot and cold water to all parts of the 
houso, bring coal up stairs, and carry dust 
down, answer tho door, make tho beds, 
clean shoes, attend to the cooking, and per¬ 
form a thousand other similar offices. In 
somo instances, tho writer suggests how 
these things may be accomplished. In 
numerous businesses requiring polishing 
processes, circular brushes are mado fast on 
a shaft revolving at speed liko a lathe.— 
Shoes held against theso brushes would bo 
polished without labor. Coffee, tea, and 
similar things, might be prepared by gas 
jets alone, with little trouble, and without 
the aid of servants. Ascending tho stairs, 
to answer bells, might bo dispensed with by 
internal telegraphs. But increased facilities 
tor people to have all things near them, 
would much diminish this labor, and more¬ 
over, using lifts, such as are used for work¬ 
men on the mills, would remove the toil al¬ 
together. Waiting on the tablo could bo 
performed by a machine. In fact, all kinds 
ot domestic drudgery which requires a large 
number of servants in a house, will, in time, 
the writer .thinks, bo performed by con¬ 
trivances requiring no manual labor, and 
tho office ot a domestic servant ceased to bo, 
and humanity become really emancipated 
from a slavery created by theso wants, as 
oppressive as negro servitude. The follow¬ 
ing are some of the changes produced by 
the steam engine. 
_ Tho poor have worked for the rich in all 
times, and no otherwise could it be. It was 
the law of nature to win a firm platform for 
tho thinkers to stand on, and plan the es¬ 
cape of humanity from tho hell of oppres¬ 
sion. The steam engine came and took on 
itself man’s drudgery; process after pro¬ 
cess was turned over to it; tho emancipated 
slaves—time-amalgamated by their drudge¬ 
ry—dumbly striving with it. as a blind man 
with his friend, whom he mistakes for a foe. 
But still went on the strife; drudgers dis¬ 
appearing, and losing themselves in human¬ 
ity— a struggle will go on till drudgery bo 
no more. The remains are fast going.— 
What then ? Thero are less weavers, but not 
fewer men. “ Chippers and filers ” have dis¬ 
appeared behind sell-acting machine tools, 
but other men in greater numbers do more 
delicate kind of work. Cotton mills start 
up with many floors, and working men are 
lifted up to them by machines, to save tho 
labor of ascending the stairs. Ever is the 
engine on tho watch, as though to say, 
“ What can I do for you next.” 
OSWEGO CORN STARCH FACTORY. 
The Oswego Times states that the build¬ 
ing in which Corn Starch is manufactured, 
in that city, has recently been furnished 
with an iron frame, pillars and braces of 
that material being introduced to displace 
the decayed wooden beams. This frame is 
five stories high, and weighs 300,000 pounds. 
The buildings occupy a space of one and a 
half acres, and light is introduced from the 
roofs by sky lights. About 100 men are 
employed in the manufacture of the starch, 
and the machinery used in the factory 
weighs over half a million pounds. The 
following are some of the items : three cast 
iron cauldrons, containing 1000 gallons, 
eight lifting pumps, discharging 80,000 gal¬ 
lons of starch per hour, fivo rotary and force 
pumps of the capacity of 5000 gallons per 
minute, one mile of water-pipes, 200 vats, 
capable of holding 800,000 gallons, four 
pair of cast iron rollers, weighing 10,000 lbs. 
each. There are annually consumed in 
this factory, nearly 200,000 bushels of corn, 
800 tons of coal, and 800,000 feet of lumber 
for boxes, &c. The daily product is about 
10,000 pounds of starch. This manufacture 
is a recent thing ; the delicacy which it pro¬ 
vides for the table not being known a few 
years since. Oswego has been benefited 
largely by its discovery and the enterprise 
which has set in operation a manufactory 
on so extensive a scale. Competition, how¬ 
ever, is admissable, and has already com¬ 
menced. In a short time, the dainty arti¬ 
cle of diet will be universally known and 
used imparting nourishment and vigor to 
the human system, as well as uprightness 
and a decent gloss to shirt collars and linen. 
— Roch. Democrat. 
India rubber seems to bo rapidly sup¬ 
planting almost everything, so multifarious 
are the uses to which it is now applied.— 
Ono of the latest shapes it has been made to 
assume is that of walking-canes, which are 
mado by Goodyear & Co., in so elegant a 
style as not to bo distinguishable from ebony 
or whalebone, while it is stronger and more 
flexible than either. The canes thus manu¬ 
factured are exceedingly beautiful and con¬ 
venient.—JV. Y. Times. 
New Method of Fixing Pencil Draw¬ 
ings. — A new method for fixing Pencil 
Drawings has been adopted in Germany.— 
The Art Journal says that, Collodium, which 
is procurable at any manufacturing chem¬ 
ist’s, with four parts of sulphuric ether, 
forms a clear compound, which applied to 
paper, quickly evaporates, leaving on the 
surface a transparent film that protects the 
drawing, and through which it is perfectly 
distinct. The advantages of collodium for 
this purpose are, tho perfect safety of the 
drawing against injury by touch and hand¬ 
ling, and in the event of tho surface becom¬ 
ing spotted, the stains may be removed by 
being wiped off with a clean damp rag. In 
washing the drawings in this manner there 
is no ground of apprehension, for the coat¬ 
ing left by the mixture is imprevious to wa¬ 
ter. This method does not prevent subse¬ 
quent correction of the drawing. 
Iron pianos were exhibited at the late 
Fair of the American Institute New York. 
