MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
CJj t (flktljarb anb (lartei. 
BLAKE’S SCARLET, Oil LOMBARD PLUM. 
There is no fruit of tlio plum kind which 
gives such universal satisfaction to the grow¬ 
er, as this; and indeed there are more good 
integrating materials, as sand, lime, or even 
manure, might bo suitable remedies; if the 
debility has resulted from defect in climate 
or from leaf blight, then stimulants would 
bo appropriate, such as mulching the riots 
in fall, shortening back the branches in 
spring, manuring and spading about the 
roots in spring, and careful summer culti¬ 
vation. Leaf blight is sometimes very dif- 
qualities combined in this variety than in ! ficult to arrest, the fungus attackin 
any other cultivated in this State. I have 
been acquainted with it for fifteen years 
leaf colonises upon tho young branches also, 
and by that means often maintains its ex¬ 
istence from season to season. In cases of 
past, and have had a good opportunity to , this sort, perhaps tho best treatment would 
make up my mind, when compared with . be to syringe tho affected trees with strong 
other improved varieties, as to its true mor- j soap-suds, or with water to wet the surface 
its. I have grafted scores of large trees I the small branches and cause lime to ad- 
throughout this section of country, and here and afterward dust them with air-Blak- 
, ° . , , ed hme until the branches are coated with 
have now growing, twenty-one standard the lime—Louisville Journal. 
trees of this kind in my fruit garden, and_ _ , _ __ 
hut one or two of any other, so that more Bones fob Vine Borders. -— Bones, al- 
than half are of this variety. I havo not though highly useful, are not absolutely es- 
often seen this fruit at our exhibitions, and sential to a good vine border. When bro- 
tho reason is beyond my comprehension.— kon .’ s . orvo tbo t. w o-lold purposes ot as- 
T * .. n , i sistmg drainage, and promoting fertility.— 
I have found tins to ho an excellent bearer, Thoy = aro miI( J ’ more Effective when ground, 
m spite of tho curculio, which seems to avoid and still moro so, if dissolved by sulphuric 
it, and havo often hoard tho Genova gar- acid. They are chiefly valuable for their 
doners remark that there scorned to be phosphate of lime, which may bo also ap- 
somothing offensive to thorn in this fruit, ia th ° for ™ f § uano > wh ^ h c0 1 "^ ins 
, , . . . „ . . a large portion of phosphate. I ho addition 
and there is such a quantity of it sot it of f ^derate quantity of limo, leached 
would seem impossible for those insects to ashes, and gypsum, are useful. These, and 
find them all. Tho plums literally hang the guano especially, should bo well mixed 
along tho branches like ropes of Weathers- w Bh Bio earth, turf, and other materials. 
, , • „ __ 1 * 1 , Stable manure should form tho chief fertil- 
fiold onions—completely surrounding them. • • „ • .. , . , , 
1 _ J » izing ingredient in every vine border—we 
The young wood is ot a beautiful shining have known some excellent graperies where 
grey olivo color, closo jointed, with a swel- t,lis constituted nearly all tho manure.— 
ling projection at tho base of each bud, and Horticulturist. 
1 g 
ashes, and gypsum, are useful. Those, and 
the guano especially, should bo well mixed 
with tho earth, turf, and other materials.— 
Stable manure should form tho chief fertil¬ 
izing ingredient in every vine border—we 
READING’S CORN SHELTER(Fictmn 1.) 
Slrte & 
READING’S CORN SHELTER. 
when two years old fruit spurs arc grown 
from each bud from a quarter to three inch¬ 
es in length, and on each of those is a num- 
borof fruit buds, which continue during tho 
Labels for Fruit Trees. —Wo have 
found tho following recipe, taken from an 
English work, to make an indolliblo Ink, for 
writing on Zinc, and one not affected by 
life of the tree. I havo never yot soon a the weather: Cut up tho common shoot 
more beautiful sight in tho way of fruit z iuo into strips about half inch wide by 2 or 
. ... o i„ .-ii.:11_ 
than is affordod by a tree of this kind just L inches lo , n £’ , a , nd W1<it0 ) vith a ( l uil1 P« n — 
... , . i , '. I ho zinc should previously bo made bright, 
as tho plums arc ready to drop at maturity. r r , ^ , , , ' f, . 
1 - * v lhrough a hole at one end introduce a thin 
TIildreth. . copper wire, long enough to encircle a 
iLg s. mtm i oin f, n. l., Nm,, is,.j. _ branch or limb, and it will remain for years, 
THE DECAY OF APPLE TREES. g . lVin f t( ? the a ' v !? or . ot :l ^"’’y Panted or- 
_ chard tho satisfaction of knowing, at all 
A Virginia correspondent inquires of us f' n . lt5S ’ b:! ? varieties, ( aro in respect to la¬ 
the reason why so many apple trees in his . bels ' vould obvriato much ot tho confusion 
own orchard and in those of his neighbors 111 all P avts ot tho country, as to correct no- 
dio young, and asks us at tho samo time to In< ' n,; atur<! - lake I drachm ol verdegris, 
suggest a preventive against this mortality diaclim sal ammonia powder, and half a 
among tho orchards of his vicinage. The of lamp black, anil mix with 10 
only symptoms mentioned are a dry rot in 1 Iac ims <d vvatcr ' > hake before using. 
tho roots and a subsequent perishing of the ---—-————---- 
bark and leaves. It is impossible from so "in r* ,r* 
imperfect a diagnosis to form any just con- 4!i/0iII£ijlit II0 III IT* 
ception of’the cause superinducing this fa- > 
tality; still wo think it most likely some " ;——- 
condition in tho soil or contingency in tho GINGERBREAD, 
seasons calculatod to destroy tho small root- T • , 
lets by tho action of boat or cold has boon T ,' r 18 n0 CVCI '- V ' voman that knows how to 
present in these cases prior to the appear- ,n:lko g? od gingerbread-than which there 
anco of disease. There appeared in our ^o no bettor or more wholesomo kinds ot 
columns within the last year a series of ar- bl0ad ' . °. 1 1 H j. l j . <d suc 1 ;is need m- 
ticles from the pen of L. Young, Esq., up- fo, : matlo “ 1,1 , thls | ,a i;ticular we give tho 
on tho theory of pruning, in which the ” lu, .l omcd iccipes, which wo laid m ;m ex- 
healthy action of the roots and loaves was c hange papei . 
treated somewhat in detail, their reciprocal No. 1.—One pound of sugar, one pound 
action and reaction and their mutual ilopen- ’of butter, three pounds of Hour, two table 
denco pointed out. From these remarks spoonfuls of ginger, ono gill of cream, one 
and from the general laws of vegetable pliys- pint of molasses. Rub the butter in the 
iology, it is manifest that neither tho root- flour, add tho other ingredients. Roll out 
lots nor leaves can sustain serious injury the dough, cut it into cakes—place them on 
without such injury resulting in damage to bu'terod tins, and bake in a moderately cool 
tho other set of organs; thus, for example, oven. Wash the cakes over with molasses 
if in consequence ot' locating the orchard in and water before you bake them, 
a retentive clay soil, or if, by reason of No 2 _ Half a pound of su „ ar half a 
heavy and long continued rams just up to pound () f butter, one pound and a half of 
ho moment an intensely cold spell m win- } 1() ono ounco 0 f gin „ Gr . 0 „e pint of mol . 
ter or an unseasonably hot one m summer a rub tho Hour and butter well to^oth- 
begms to take place the small roots with cr and a(Jd tho ()thor ingredients. Roil out 
them spongioles aro destroyed or it, by rea- tho d()U „ h , cut into cakes, place them on 
son ot bad culture, rival plants are left in ti wash thcm over with molasses and wa- 
tho orchard, as excessive weed crops or tor, and bake them in a moderate ovon. 
closely matted sward, which intercept the 
moisture before reaching the rootlets of tho 'j- — Boston Ginger-bread. j—Three 
tree—in any of those cases the system of cups of flour, one cup of butter, ono cup of 
leaves will ho affected, and the careful ob- molassess, two eggs, ono table spoonful of 
server will bo enabled to measure the ex- dissolved salaratus, two large table spoon- 
tent of tho injury by noticing tho character hds ot ginger, ono table spoonful ot cinna- 
of the buds from time to time. men, and milk enough to form a dough.— 
It is a law in vegetable physiology that in Bub tho butter and flour together, and add 
the axilla of every leaf there is a bud. al- tho other ingredients. Roll it out in sheets. 
tent of the injury by noticing tho character * u ‘ s °t ginger, ono table spoonful of einna- 
of the buds from time to time. men, and milk enough to form a dough.— 
It is a law in vegetable physiology that in Bub tho butter and flour together, and add 
the axilla of every leaf there is a bud, al- the other ingredients. Roll it out in sheets, 
though its development is not always tnani- cut thin, butter your tins, place thorn, and 
test, and in thrifty young trees these buds wash tlio cakes over with molasses and wa- 
aro generally wood buds ; but if from any 
cause the leaves aro poorly supplied with 
sap. tho character of these buds is changed 
and fruit buds predominate, or if not fruit 
buds, a certain nondescript class which 
might bo termed abortive, us they neither 
produce wood nor fruit, but (reproducing 
tor. before they aro put in tho oven. They 
require moderate heat to bako thorn, as thoy 
easily scorch. 
DAMSON CHEESE. 
However much wo may ailvocato fruit 
themselves until disease carry off tho tree, culture in our pages, wo leave the cooking 
or until from renewed vigor some dormant department to others ; but tliero is no gen- 
wood. bud breaks forth into a water sprout, oral rule without an exception. There aro 
forming a now top as though a bud had many ways to do many things, hut there is 
boon inserted) scorn to convert every tree only one way to make good Damson Cheese, 
thus affected into a dwarf, which obstinately Whence it took tho name of choose, we 
refuses to make further progress in growth, know not, unless it bo from its firm, cheoso- 
Many a moss-covered trunk not exceed- like texture, when well made — which it 
ing ono inch in diameter, with a head con- will bo if tho following receipo is adherod 
taining spurs and branches sufficiently nu- to : 
merous to constitute a large tree, may bo Put the Damsons in a stone jar, which 
found on orchards planted in lands not in place in an oven or on a stove until tho juice 
good heart, and in most such cases exaini- runs freely, the fruit is perfectly tender, 
nation will prove that there is present a de- and the stone separate from it. Remove 
grec of feebleness in tho system of small the stones with a silver or wooden spoon ; 
roots. An interesting experiment illustra- measure tho pulp in a preserving pan and 
tivo of this principle was communicated to place it on tho fire and boil, until tho liquid 
us some years ago by a nurseryman, who is evaporated, and the fruit left dry. Whilst 
saw a particular lot of trees put forth loaves this is doing, have ready a quantity of white 
in spring but become stationary in growth loaf sugar, allowing half a pound of sugar 
during midsummer contrary to tho u»ual for ovory quart of pulp, as measured when 
habit of nursery trees. To satisfy himself j put into the pan. Let this sugar bo rolled 
of tlio cause, one of these trees was taken lino, and then heated in tho oven in a pan 
up, when ho found not a single small root until it is so hot that tho hand can not bo 
or spongiole present; tho samo tree was im- kept on it. In this hot state, mix tho sugar 
mediately planted in a shady position, wat- thoroughly with tho dry pulp, also hot from 
ored and carefully nursed, and ultimately tho fire. It will become very firm, and does 
started off into active growth during tho not requiro to go on tho firo again. Put it 
summor season. If tho defect should lie into jars or glasses whilst hot, and when 
in tho soil, draining or tho admixture of dis- cold, cover and put away.— Horticulturist. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED from the united states patent office 
For the week ending November 211,1852. 
Joseph J. Couch, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in machines for drilling stone. 
Wm. F. <fc Nathan Davis, of Castleton, Vt., for 
improvement in swinging churns. 
Augustus Faulkner, of Walpole, N. II., for im¬ 
provement in pincers for operating pile wires. 
E. C. Harmon, of New York, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in spaces for setting type. 
George Hess, of Easton, Pa., for improvement 
in mode ot fastening the palings to the rails in 
iron fences. 
Heman H. Lucas, of Chester, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in processes for preparing paints. 
John H. Manny, of Waddam’s Grove, Illinois, 
for improvement in harvesters. 
Chas. Montague, of Pittsfield, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in printing presses. 
David Sadlier, of McWilliamstown, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in boot-trees. 
Aaron II. Cragin, Martin Buck, James II. Buck 
and Franklin A. Tenney, of Lebanon, N. H., as¬ 
signors to Aaron H. Cragin, of the same place, for 
improvement in printing presses. 
Dewit C. Williams, of Madison, Ohio, for im¬ 
provements in wliiffle-trees. 
re-issue. 
Cadwallader Evans, of Pittsburg, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in steam boilers and apparatus to be 
used on board of steamboats to prevent the ex¬ 
plosion of boilers. Patented April 15, 1839.— 
Re-issued Nov. 23, 1852. 
BAY AND NEWELL ECLIPSED. 
We were shown yestorday a wonderful 
piece of mechanism, which certainly goes 
ahead of anything in the shape of a lock 
that wo havo over seen or read of, in the es¬ 
sentials of security from depredations. Ic 
is called Yale’s Magic lock/’ and absolute¬ 
ly as unpickable as the kernel of a walnut 
would bo without damaging the shell. The 
only opening is a circular orifice, half an 
inch in diameter, for admitting the key, and 
through it there is no possible access to tho 
tumblers by any instrument whatever—not 
even by the key itself, strange as it mav 
seem. By a singular contrivance, a portion 
of tho key is detached after insertion, and 
sent to a distant part of tlio lock, where it 
moves tho tumblers, and where tho tools of 
tho burglar could novor arrive, except by 
first battering the lock to pieces. The key 
hole resembles tho interior of a small pistol 
barrel, and having no opening in tho interi¬ 
or basiiuof the lock, would not receive pow¬ 
der enough to blow it open. Tho lock is 
therefore absolutely gun-powder proof also. 
Among other peculiarities, the key is sus¬ 
ceptible of from forty thousand to ono mil¬ 
lion of changes. A change of the key 
changes tho lock also, in the act of locking, 
so that ono may have a new lock every day 
for hundreds of years! By a change of tho 
key after locking, it is rendered impossible 
to unlock, oven with tho same key, until al¬ 
tered back again. One may thus lose the 
key or have it stolon, and still entertain no 
fears of tlio lock being opened with it. Al¬ 
together, it seems to us as perfect as any¬ 
thing of the kind can bo. It has decided 
advantages over tho most celebrated locks 
of tho day, which cannot fail to bo discover¬ 
ed by any ono upon inspection. With all 
its advantages it is of exceedingly simplo 
construction, and not liable to got out of 
order. Tho proprietors offer a reward of 
#500 to any ono who will pick it through 
tho keyhole, using whatever instrument he 
pleases, and taking any length of time he 
desires.— St. Louis Intelligencer. 
Steam Engines on Farms. —A steam en¬ 
gine might bo profitably fittod up on many 
farms. Tho application of steam power on 
farms is yot in its infancy ; and it is object¬ 
ed to by many, that for tlio purpose of small 
farms it is unnecessary and expensive; but 
on those consisting of 800 to 1000 acres or 
upwards, it is recommended. Tho number 
of operations that can be so readily perform¬ 
ed at ono time with the aid of proper ma¬ 
chinery—the great dispatch—the amount of 
work that can be accomplished—and the 
small cost of tho sustaining power, being 
that of a few bushels of coal per diem, aro 
facts too important not to attract tho atten¬ 
tion of evory scientific farmer. 
Tiie accompanying engravings represent 
a Corn Sholler invented by William Read¬ 
ing, of Flemington, N. J., and for which he 
obtained a patent 13th of July last. Fig. 1 
is a sectional view lengthwise. Fig. 2 is an 
end viow. b is a toothed cylinder 1\ inches 
in diameter and about four feet long, and is 
placed in tho centre of an iron cylindrical 
casing n, 14 inches in diameter and 4 feet 
long. This cylinder and casing are sup¬ 
ported in a frame in a horizontal position. 
There is a space of some 3i inches every¬ 
where between tho outer surface of the 
shelling- cylinder and the inner surface of 
tho casing which makes room for tho free 
action of a mass of corn while it is operated 
upon by tho cylinder. Tho corn is ad¬ 
mitted into tho machine through a good 
sized hopper a, placed at the end over the 
dri ving pulley d, where tliero is a piece cut 
out of the casing to admit it. An aperture 
is left at the opp >sito end, at the rising side 
ot the shelling cylinder, through which the 
cobs are discharged, tho size of which open¬ 
ing should bo varied according to the con¬ 
dition of the corn to be shelled. This is 
readily done by a piece of shoot iron, or stiff 
leather, being fastened by one end to the 
machino, and allowing the other end to bo 
turned, more or less, over tho aperture as 
tho case may require. The proper rate of i 
speed for the cylinder is seven or oight hun¬ 
dred revolutions per minute; much less 
speed will not answer, and too much will 
break tho grain. There are four rows of 
teeth d, standing §ths of an inch out from 
tho surfaco of the cylinder b, and set 1£ 
inches apart in the row, each row winding 
ono-fouth tho way around it, which carries 
the cobs out of the shelter. An opening is 
left in the bottom of the casing from end 
to end, in which is placed a small toothed 
cylinder c, upon which the corn falls and is 
carried out of tho casing through a small 
space upon each side of it, sufficiently larae 
to allow shelled corn to pass, but to pre¬ 
vent the cobs; it is turned slowly, by the 
gearing e and f. This cylinder may bo dis¬ 
pensed with, and slots (cut in tho bottom of 
the caso Js an inch wide and 4 inches apart, 
running one-fourth tho way round tho case) 
may bo substituted, which will discharge the 
Tho principle of this Corn Sholler con¬ 
sists, in operating upon a large mass of corn 
at the same time, with tho whole surface of 
tho shelling cylinder; and keeping tho larg¬ 
est portion of this mass along the ascending 
side of the cylinder; which forms an elastic, 
self-adjusting bed for tho cylinder to oper¬ 
ate against, anil using no rest of any kind 
(other than that formed by tho oars and 
cobs) anil as the space between the cylinder 
and casing is large, it gives free play for 
the ears of corn to be properly adjusted by 
it, making tho action free from any sta¬ 
tionary obstruction to tho ears; and their 
own gravity tho principal resistance to its 
action; consequently it will wear much 
longer and run lighter than any other corn 
sholler in use, considering the rapidity with 
which it performs its work. 
This machino is capablo of shelling 80 
bushels of corn per hour with ono horse 
powor. The ears of corn are thrown pro¬ 
miscuously into tho hopper, a, with scoops, 
shovels or haskots, and it effectually shells 
them without regard to their size, and dis¬ 
charges the cobs separate from the shelled 
corn without breaking either cobs or corn. 
For further particulars, address William 
Reading, Flemington, N. J. — Farmer and 
Mechanic. 
The over curious aro not ovor wise. 
ARROW ROOT, ITS GROWTH AND MANU¬ 
FACTURE. 
A correspondent of tho N. Y. Eve. Post 
writing from Ivoy West, thus speaks of thi 
plant, a native of Florida: 
Tho Everglades aro separated from tho 
sea by a strip of land varying from four to 
ten miles in breadth and from two to three 
hundred miles in length, almost completely 
encircling it and covered with a rich growth 
of pine. Scattered about at their feet is a 
modest little plant that the Indians call 
comptee, but more generally known as tho 
arrow-root; the tops resemble tho tansy of 
the north, but it is of tho root that 1 write. 
Covered by a thin soil, it is easily dug, and 
removed, it presents an appearance similar 
to the sweet potato and the yam, but more 
irregular in shape and with a thicker, tough¬ 
er covering. Carried by mules to tho mill 
situated upon the odgo of some one of tlio 
numerous stroams running from the glades 
to the sea, they aro thrown into a large cyl¬ 
inder, the circumference of which is formed 
by bars of wood and separated from each 
other a few inches. The cylinder revolves 
and a stream of water constantly flows upon 
! the roots; they are thus thoroughly cloans- 
j oil and their surfaco coming in contact with 
the rough edge of tho transverse bars, tho 
! roots aro peeled and ready for tho grinder. 
This machine reduces them to a pulp, which 
is parsed through vats of fresh water, and 
thoroughly cleansed from all impurities.— 
The mass is now of a milky white, resem¬ 
bling curd, and must be spread upon frames 
with cotton-duck bottoms, to the thickness of 
three inches, and exposed to the sun. This 
drying process is quite rapid in our hot cli¬ 
mate, and is the last preparation, (save rak¬ 
ing tho pulp and breaking the dried mass 
into small grains) in tho manufacture. It 
is then boxed and ready for market. Tho 
whole process of digging, peeling, washing, 
grinding and drying, may he gone through 
with between sun anil sun. 
Tho simple manner of manufacturing ar¬ 
row-root requires but a small outlay for 
machinery, and tho mills now making the 
article aro all small and tho production not 
extensive. It is only within a few months 
that this arrow-root has been experimented 
with by northern manufacturers as a substi¬ 
tute for potato starch and glue, and the re¬ 
sult of all fair anil impartial trials has even¬ 
tuated in a decided preference for the arrow- 
root starch. The supply of roots is almost 
unlimited and the production can easily be 
increased, so that if tho crop of potatoes 
fail, tho pine woods of Florida will turn out 
a substitute that will eventually drive the 
potato from tho market, and that esculent 
will be produced only for food. The pres¬ 
ent value of the starch made in the ever¬ 
glades is about #12.000 per annum, and it 
all finds its way to New York. The agents 
for the manufacturers are Ira Smith, Jr. & 
Co., and Schieffelin Brothers & Co., of your 
city._ 
MARBLEIZED IRON. 
The use of Iron in its application to build¬ 
ing purposes, seems to be daily extending— 
its durability, solidity anil susceptibility cf 
ornament for architectural adornment, with¬ 
out much increasing the cost, recommend¬ 
ing it above all other materials. A new ap¬ 
plication of it has just been made by a com¬ 
pany in New York, in the manufacture of 
marbloized iron, which has all the beauty 
and variety of color which marble itself ex¬ 
hibits. 
Tho iron appears to he enammelled, and 
the choicest marble for mantlos, columns, 
and table tops, are imitated so closely that 
the ordinary eye cannot detect tho differ¬ 
ence. The groat advantages of this article 
are its choapnoss — being produced atone 
half tho cost of marble, and in various forms 
and shapes, according to tho tasto of the 
purchaser—its durability and its capability 
of resisting a greater degree of heat. — 
Neither acids nor oils affect it, in which re¬ 
spect it lias a decided advantage over mar¬ 
ble. Tho beauty and utility of this manu¬ 
factured article will make it a valuable and 
important substitute for marble. 
Elephants live for two hundred, three 
hundred, and even four hundred years. A 
healthy full-grown olophant consumes 30 
pounds of grain per day. 
The pulse of childron is 180 in a minute; 
at puberty it is 80; and at 50 it is only GO. 
