MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
395 
FALL AND WINTER MANAGEMENT OF 
SHEEP, 
Mr. Editor: — Perhaps a few suggestions on 
the management of sheep at this season of the 
year, may not prove unacceptable to that portion 
of your readers who are young in the business of 
wool growing. 
N T o greater blunder can be committed, than to 
suffer sheep to shift for themselves, until into the 
winter, before they are brought to the yard or 
winter quarters. The grasses at the beginning of 
November lose much of their nutritious qualities, 
by repeated freezing; and, although the sheep 
seem puffed out and doing well, they are actually 
losing flesh every day. A gill of com to each 
sheep per day, at this season is of more value to 
keep them in a thriving condition, than all the 
frost-bitten garbage your farm affords. 
Many let their flocks get poor in the fall, and 
towards spring commence feeding grain. This is 
unwise. It is much better to feed grain in the 
early part of winter, to afford stamina to pass the 
severities of our northern winters. Put your flock 
early in a condition to pass the ordeal of those 
terrible months, January and February, and sub 
sequently all will be well. 
Water. —Your sheep need water in winter.— 
If they are not provided with water, they are 
obliged to quench their thirst by filling the stom¬ 
ach with frozen snow. A large supply of saliva 
is needed in the process of rumination, which must 
be afforded mainly by water, or succulent food.— 
The wool fluids cannot be abundant if the sheep 
are denied water. Consequently if supplied with 
this important beverage the sheep will yield a 
greater crop of wool. Remember that sheep be¬ 
long to the cold water army. 
Boxes. — Sheep should be fed from boxes. No 
animal is more nice in its habits, or more keen in 
its sense of smell; consequently if their fodder is 
thrown upon the ground, they will run over and 
trample it, and then reject it. The cost of boxes 
is slight, and the fodder saved by them soon pays 
the expense. They may be described thus:— 
Take four corner posts of scantling, 2 by 3, and at 
least two feet nine inches in length; place them 
two feet six inches apart,—nail on a bottom board 
twelve inches wide all around. Then, leaving a 
space nine inches wide, nail on a top board eight 
or nine inches wide all around. Shave off the 
edges of the boards, that they may not tear the 
wool, and they are done. A box twelve or four¬ 
teen feet long, will convene about twenty sheep. 
These boxes are movable. It is considered by 
some to be an improvement to nail on, up and down, 
slats about nine inches apart, to keep the stronger 
sheep from crowding the weaker ones in the flock. 
Salt. — Salt has highly valuable properties, and 
is quite efficient in counteracting and preventing 
many of the diseases which affect domestic animals. 
In a full dose, it is a purgative inferior to few, and 
it is also a tonic. Its first power (it is said,) is 
exerted on the digestive organs — on the stomach 
and intestines. It is the grand stimulus which 
nature points out, for in moderate quantities, and 
mingled with the food, men and beasts arc fond 
of it. Sheep should always have a box filled with 
salt, that they can go to winter and summer.— 
Then they will eat no more at a time than their 
health demands; which is not the case when fed 
salt at intervals of a week or ten days apart. The 
box should be protected from their feet, and placed 
so that only one can go to it at a time. 
Regularity of Feeding. — Sheep should be fed 
regularly three times per day,— in the morning, 
at noon, and about an hour before sunset. This 
gives them time for eating and rumination — also 
for rest. At a given hour, nature calls for her 
regular allowance of food, and the good and careful 
shepherd will see that her wants are supplied. 
The thrift and well being of a flock, depends not 
so much upon the great amount given, as upon the 
regularity and other little attentions, the bestow- 
ment of which always gives the flock-master the 
greatest pleasure. 
Grain. — Sheep should be fed grain once a day 
through the winter, peas, wheat and rye produce 
the greatest growth of wool. Rye, however, is 
not good to feed to breeding ewes, as it has a 
tendency to make them miscarry. Shorts or mill 
feed is excellent. The mucilaginous matter of the 
bran keeps the sheep in a healthful and thriving 
condition. Sheep are very fond of a variety, and 
hence, potatoes, apples, turnips, carrots and sugar 
beets, cut fine and given them, is well. Fine and 
hemlock boughs is a treat to them when they have 
been confined for several weeks to diy food. 
Sheds. — Sheds of some kind (they may be 
cheap and temporary,) are indispensable to the 
well being of a flock. Sheep that are protected 
from winter rains and sleet, instead of falling 
victims to consumption and premature death, 
come through hale and hearty, and yield an 
increased amount of wool. The warmer and 
better protected any animals are kept, the less 
food it requires to sustain them. Sheds should be 
so arranged that sheep can be shut in, else they 
will frequently stand out in a warm rain of choice, 
and when their thick fleeces become thoroughly 
filled with water, and the weather shifts to a 
freezing north-west blast, they are frequently so 
chilled as to render them sickly. No animal pa vs 
better for care of this kind than sheep, and by all 
means, we say, to every flock-master in our land, 
provide suitable sheds for all your sheep. 
We do not claim anything strikingly new in the 
above thoughts. We hope to do good by directing 
the mind of the young wool grower to the old 
paths.—S. B. Rockwell, in Wool Grower and 
Stock Register for Dec. 
Galls on Horses. —A correspondent of the 
Spirit of the Times, writing from France, says it 
is the practice in that country, when horses get 
their hair rubbed off, or the skin scarified, to apply 
a blister to the part at once. This, if applied as 
soon as the injury is done, will it is said, restore 
the growth of hair. Ho states that it has never 
been known to fail when applied in time. 
Cfie (Drrijwfr anh (Harden. 
HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. 
A Thrifty Raspberry Busn.—About the 
middle of last September my brother ob¬ 
served a small raspborry root, that for the 
length of its shoots excited his curiosity.— 
It grew in an open wood on the soil of an 
upturned tree. It had put forth three 
cones, the united length of which was forty- 
five feet and six inches; tho longost boing 
sixteen and tho shortest fourteon in length, 
and all then, yet in a thrifty state of 
growth. 
If this is thought to bo not much of a 
stretch, or one that can bo readily outdone, 
wo might give a little material aid and 
nourishment to Nature, and at some future 
timo report further progress. t. e. w. 
A Large Squash.— Mr. Wm. Briggs, of 
this vicinity raisod tho present season a Val¬ 
paraiso squash that weighed sixty-throe 
pounds, and measured four feet and ten 
inches in transverse circumference. Tho 
soil was light sandy loam, unmanured. 
Although it may not seem much of a 
squash to thoso who can show their huge 
mammoths, yet when it is stated, that this 
had no extra sustenance and hardly ordina¬ 
ry care, and that an unprecedented drouth 
in this region very much curtailed the de¬ 
velopment of every thing green, it may, 
without boasting, bo called “ some squash.” 
t. e. w. 
FREAKS OF APPLE TREES. 
It is said thero is no general rule without 
exceptions, and wo suppose that apple trees 
sometimes demonstrate tho truth of this re¬ 
mark. It is a protty general rule, we be¬ 
lieve, that if you engraft an apple tree to a 
certain kind of fruit, it will produce that 
fruit. Wo have however published one or 
two casos heretofore, whero the trees graft¬ 
ed in the usual way, did sometimes sport and 
produce fruit of a different kind. 
Mr. Buffutn, of Vassal boro, informod us 
the other day, that he has an apple tree that 
has borne Baldwins and nothing but Bald¬ 
wins for the last 17 years until last summer. 
The tip of one branch did actually produce 
during the past season, a handsome, well 
shaped, bgnafide russet. Wo did not see the 
applo, but have no doubt from the evidence 
given, that such is the fact. 
In addition to this, we have a letter com¬ 
municated to the Now England Farmer, bv 
Mr. Chas. II. Sanborn, of Hampton Falls, 
X. II., respecting tho origin of an apple cal¬ 
led tho “Red Russet,” which ho recommends 
as being an excellent apple, and worthy of 
general cultivation. 
The circumstance of tho origin of this new 
fruit, says Mr. Sanborn, is this:—Tenor 
twelvo years since, my father grafted the 
branches of a large treo of natural fruit with 
grafts of the Baldwin. This tree stood near 
a largo Roxbury Russet tree, and some of 
its branches extended into tho top of tho 
latter. When tho grafted trees began to 
bear, it was noticed that thoso branches 
most remoto from tho Russet tree boro 
Baldwins,(like tho scions,)and thoso nearest 
a different fruit, which resembled in out¬ 
ward appearance a compound of tho Bald¬ 
win and Russet. The fruit of this new kind, 
was put by itself, and its characteristics no¬ 
ted. In two or three years its remarkable 
and valuable properties were clearly per- 
ceived. It had its own defined and strongly 
marked peculiarities.— Maine Farmer. 
Another Freak. — Tho editor of the 
Poughkeepsie Easrlo has seen specimens ol 
apples grown in Dutchess county, that dis¬ 
play tho eccentricity soino times discovered 
in tho growth of fruit. Tho apples are six 
in number, all grown upon the same graft 
two of them are sour or tart, having all the 
ossentials of a regular greoning, two arc 
perfectly sweet, and two mixed—each beim; 
part sweet and part sour,— tho different 
properties being marked by seams on the 
outside, and by the different colors. Sue! 
a variety in apples, from tho same stock, is 
very unusual. 
JAPANESE GARDENS. 
The gardeners of Japan display tho most 
astonishing art. The plum treo, which is a 
great favorite, is so trained and cultivated 
that tho blossoms are as big as thoso of 
dahlias. Their great triumph, however, is 
to bring both plants and trees into'tho com¬ 
pass of the little garden attached to tho 
houses in tho cities. With this view, they 
have gradually succeeded in dwarfing the 
fig, plum and cherry trees, and the vino, to 
a staturo so diminutivo as scarcely to be 
credited by an European; and yet thoso 
dwarf trees aro covered with blossoms and 
leaves. Some of tho gardens rosemblo pic¬ 
tures in which nature is skilfully modeled 
in miniature—but it is living nature!— 
Meylon, whoso work on Japan was published 
at Amsterdam, in 1830, states that in 1828, 
the Dutch agent of commorce at Nagansi, 
was offered “ a snutt-box, one inch in thick- 
noss, and threo inches high, in which grew a 
fig treo, a bamboo, and a plum troo in 
bloom.” 
New Flower.— At a late meeting of th 
Horticultural Society, a plant called Violi 
Grass was shown, which, if sown in an Ame; 
ican border, or similar plaeo grows an 
blossoms from Octobor to Christmas, 
little patch of it, taken up and put in 
saucer, in water, will koep flowering a Ion 
time, rondoring it an interesting plant ft 
the drawing-room window. 
IMPROVING OLD PEAR TREES. 
It is quite common, on looking about a 
farm house in any long settled part of tho 
older States, to seo more or less old Poar 
trees in tho vicinity of the buildings. The 
natural or wilding pear stock, when once ac¬ 
climated to the soil, is remarkably hardy— 
few trees of any kind more so—and if left 
unscathed by tho blight, it may stand flour- 
ishingand fruitful for eenturios. Such trees, 
howover, seldom yield fruit of much value, 
being deficient in flavor, choky, and astrin¬ 
gent. 
A Remedy. —Supplanting this valueless 
fruit with tho choicest, can at once be ap¬ 
plied, but a stern prejudice seems to have 
governed thoso who own such trees, in tho 
beliof that “ grafting old trees ” will not suc¬ 
ceed. 
Last August, spending a day at Whites- 
boro,’ in the county of Oneida, in this State, 
wo took a ride to tho beaatifully picturesque 
hill at tho south of the village, to the agree¬ 
able residence and farm of Capt. Henry 
White, a grandson of the late venerable 
Hugh White, the first settler of that town, 
and whose domain is a part of the original 
possessions of that hardy veteran. Walk¬ 
ing with us in the orchard near tho house 
which overlooked the broad and luxuriant 
valleys of tho Sauquoit and the Mohawk, 
with several thriving villages, and the city 
of Utica in full view, Capt. White pointed 
out a venorable pear tree, standing by itself, 
which was planted three years previous to 
the present century, and now probably sixty 
or seventy years old — a seedling, which, 
ever since his remembrance until lately, 
boro large crops of worthless fruit. Five or 
six years since, he headed it thoroughly in 
and grafted it with Virgalieu (whito Doy¬ 
enne) pears. The shoots grew vigorously, 
and were then hanging full of the finest 
fruit; fair, healthy, and free from either 
spot or crack, to which this variety of the 
pear has of lato years been so much afflicted. 
The main trunk was also vigorous, and to 
all appoarance it may stand a full century 
longer, and favor its proprietors with an¬ 
nual crops, if proper care bo taken of it. 
Another instance. A few weeks ago, pay¬ 
ing a visit to a friend on the Canada side of 
the Niagara river, a region renowned far for 
its fino apple orchards, ho pointed out to us 
in his orchard, a largo pear tree upward of 
two feet in diameter at the base, which had 
been planted there at least sixty years be¬ 
fore. It was healthy and flourishing. A 
few years previous, its owner being at our 
own residence, had taken some cuttings of 
tho Maria Louisa, Winter Nellis, Virgalieu, 
and Glout Morceau pears, home with him, 
and headed back a part of that treo, in the 
limbs of which he inserted tho grafts. What 
was our surprise on being shown in the 
high top of this tree, vigorous branches 
bending under the weight of such specimens 
of all theso varieties as we had scarcely be- 
foro seen—large, fair, and perfect—better 
indeed than on any young trees of our own! 
We can offer no hotter service to our 
readers than to earnestly invite thorn, in tho 
proper season, at once to head in evey pear 
tree which bears indifferent fruit, let it be 
over so old, and fill the branches with choice 
varieties. No matter how old tho tree, if 
still alive. Generous treatment, with lime, 
potash, crushed bones, and chip manure— 
saw dust or spent tan bark will do, if the 
chip-dung bo not at hand—and all well dug 
in; the treo will then renew its age, and give 
oven to the next generation abundant crops 
of fruit. There is hardly a tree in existence 
which has greater vitality than the pear, and 
certainly none which better pays for culti¬ 
vation. Wo have known forty bushels taken 
from a single tree the past season, and 
twenty to thirty is a common crop on full 
sized trees.— 'The Agricultor. 
Domestic (Iconotmj. 
A Seasonable Hint.— Suet and lard keep 
better in tin, than in earthen ware. Wo 
have vessels made with covers and handles, 
which will contain about fifteen pounds 
each, five of them for a dollar. With caro- 
ful usago they will last an age. Lard kept 
in earthern pots, penetrates tho pores so 
that tho outer surface is soon covered, and 
in hot weather so much will pass through as 
sometimes to run off upon tho shelves.— 
Now is tho time to go L . the tin cans; once 
tried you will never go back to tho earthern 
pots, either as a matter of convenience or 
economy.—A*. F. Farmer. 
To Thaw out a Pump. —Take a half-inch 
lead pipe, put a funnel in one end and set 
the other on tho ico in the pump. Now 
pour boiling water in tho funnel, and tho 
pipe will settle rapidly down through the 
ice. Now having drilled a hole through the 
mass, hot water will soon enlarge it so that 
your pump-rod will move and raise the wa¬ 
ter from below which will melt away the 
obstruction. 
Muncey Pudding.— Butter a deep dish, 
put in a, layer of grated broad; on this, a 
layor of apples sliced very thin; a layer of 
brown sugar, and a layer of spices. Repeat 
this process until tho dish is heaped very full 
and bako one hour. Serve with swoot 
sauce.— lb. 
Bread Cakes, —Soak some crusts of bread 
in milk, strain them through tho cullender 
vory fino, boat in four eggs, and a little flour, 
just enough to thicken"tho substance ; add 
one toaspoonful of sahoratus, mix all up to 
make a thin batter, and bake on the griddle. 
Buttermilk Cakes. —Two cups of butter¬ 
milk or sour milk, I cup of sugar, 1 piece 
of butter the sizo of a walnut, a teaspoonful 
of saloeratus, spice to your tasto, with as 
much flour as will make a thin batter and 
bake as above.— lb. 
Jfocjjanir Slits & #rtence. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending November 30,1852. 
John Caswell, of Syracuse, N. Y., assignor to 
Archibald C. Powell, of same place, for improve¬ 
ments in machinery for screwing bolts, &c. 
Jeremy W. Bliss, of Hartford, Conn., for attach¬ 
ment for connecting the ordinary into the taper 
vice. 
Wm. C. Finney, of Fayette county, Tenn., for 
improvements in hoes. 
Joseph Guild, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for improve¬ 
ment in morticing machines. 
John R. Moffit, of Piqua, 0., for improvement 
in endless belts to threshing machines. 
Fortunatus E. Richardson, of Hieksford, Va., 
for improvement in the construction of plows. 
Horatio G. Sanford, of Vlorcester, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in rotary knitting machines. 
Daniel Tainter, of Worcester, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in rotary knitting machines. 
Henry J. Ruggles, of West Poultney, Vt., for 
improvement in cooking stoves. 
Jacob and Freeman Wise, of Frederick town. 
Pa., for improvement in the manufacture of stone 
and earthen ware. 
Wm. Kartell, of Kensington Pa., and James 
Lancaster, of Spring Garden, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in the mode of generating heat. 
RE-ISSUES. 
Eber C. Seaman, of Philadeldhia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in cream freezers. Patented Oct. 3, 
1848, ante-dated April 3, 1848. 
Mark Fisher and Wm. Martin, Jr., of Newport, 
Me, for improvement in welding cast iron to 
malleable iron or steel. Patented Oct. 16, 1847 
designs. 
Dutee Arnold, of Providence, R. I., design for 
a parlor slove. 
Sumuel F. Pratt, of Boston, Mass., assignor to 
Jagger, Treadwell & Perry, of Albany, N. Y., for 
design for a Franklin stove. 
Nathan Chapin, of New York, N. Y., assignor 
to Nathan Chapin & John F. Driggs, of same 
place, for design for window blinds. 
LIGHTNING RODS,-ONCE MORE. 
Mr. Editor :—Mr. Willson, of Marcell us, 
says that he knew of a meeting house, 
struck and burned by lightning, with a rod 
properly attached to it. But boforo he 
closes his remarks, he says that a large 
quantity of shavings were thrown under the 
houso while finishing; that tho lower end of 
the rod was run into the wall; that the 
shavings were first set on fire, &c., &c. 
Now I do not doubt the truth of this 
statement. But I can not agree with Mr. 
Willson that the rod was properly attached 
to tho building. If I wanted to burn my 
houso to get tho insurance money, I think 
Mr. Willson has suggested tho best plan 
ever thought of; for by placing tho lower 
end through tho wall into a pile of shavings, 
the cheat would be invisible to tho public 
oyo, and tlion by having a few kegs of pow¬ 
der rolled up in the shavings, the report of 
tho powder would bo considered nothing 
moro than first-rato thunder. The insu¬ 
rance money would be handed over without 
doubt and no questions asked, and all tho 
blame would fall on tho mischievous light¬ 
ning rod, and tho fools that put it up. They 
would recommend that wo immediately pull 
down tho pesky, dangerous rod, and ever 
after depond on moral suasion, or something 
safer and cheaper, to guard our lives and 
property. 
I have no interest in the erection of light¬ 
ning rods, never had, and never shall have, 
but for many years have thought it as much 
our duty to guard against damage by 
lightning, as to guard against pestilence 
that walketh in darkness; and I shall be 
happy to learn if there is anything in this 
wide world, better, safer, and cheaper than 
the present lightning rods, when well put 
up- Simon Pierson. 
Le Roy, N. Y., Nov., 1852. 
NEW PATENT FOR TANNING. 
In the list of patents issued from the U. 
S. Patent Office for the week ending Nov. 
16th. is one ot David Kennedy, of Reading, 
Pa., for a new and improved process in tan¬ 
ning leather. In his specification he says : 
—•• I claim tho uso of borax, in combination 
with nitre, alum, and terva japonica, in so¬ 
lutions of tanning, substantially as and for 
the purposes herein set forth. Tho prop¬ 
erty of the borax I have found of essential 
use in rising the hides in tho tanning pro¬ 
cess, and preparing it, without injury, for 
speedy and safe tanning.” 
A correspondent in tho Reading Gazette, 
says that by Mr. Kennedy’s process, “three 
fourths of the timo absolutely necessary in 
tho use of bark is saved, and at tho least 
calculation, ono half of the expense only is 
required. And besides this, there is not 
ono-halt tho labor requisite in the applica¬ 
tion of the material. I have purchased tho 
right, and tanned various kinds of leather 
by this procoss, and am convinced beyond a 
( doubt of its immenso superiority. * I the 
moro readily subscribe my hearty good 
wishes for tho success of tho invention/from 
tho personal testimony of immediate friends 
interested in the leather and tanning busi¬ 
ness, who unanimously and unequivocally 
pronounce it the most perfect invention of 
its kind.”' 
THE NEW BRITISH PATENT LAW. 
We have received from Newton & Son of 
66 Chancery Lane, London, and 14 St. Anri’s 
Square, Manchester, a circular explaining 
tho leading features of the New Patent Law 
which went into operation in England on 
tho 1st of October last. The details will bo 
found of interest to our citizens. 
Tho law affords protection for inventions 
throughout Great Britain and tho Colonies, 
for three, seven or fourteen years, at the 
option of tho applicant. In order to ob¬ 
tain this protection, a description, setting 
forth tho nature of the applicant’s inven¬ 
tion, in a manner that will distinguish its 
features, is required to be deposited at the | 
Office of tho Commissioners, together with j 
a Petition and Declaration, prepared ac¬ 
cording to tho form provided by the Act.— 
On tho deposit of theso papers a record is 
mado thereof, and they are then roferred to ! 
tho Attorney or Solicitor-General for exam¬ 
ination. . If tho title and tho description 
(which is termed tho Provisional Specifica¬ 
tion) aro considered satisfactory, a certificate 
of provisional protection will bo issued, and 
duly recorded ; and notice to that effoct will 
be advertised in the Gazette. But when an 
apparently defective title or specification 
is given in, tho patentee or his representa¬ 
tive is required to attend and explain away 
the supposed difficulty; and, in case this 
cannot be satisfactorily accomplished, tho 
application will bo rejected, and tho costs 
incurred will be forfeited. Provisonal pro¬ 
tection confers the right of using and pub¬ 
lishing the intention for six months, without 
detriment to letters patent thereafter grant¬ 
ed :—tho cost of this proceeding, including 
agency fees, in general, will not exceed £10. 
During tho existence of this protection, no¬ 
tice must bo given of tho intention of tho 
patentee to complete his patent, or other¬ 
wise tho invention will become public prop¬ 
erty on tho expiration of tho provisional 
protection. This notice is published in the 
Gazette,—and if no opponent appears with¬ 
in twenty-one days, the patent will issuo. 
The cost of this proceeding, including 
agency fees, will, in general, not exceed £20 
—making in tho whole, for the complete 
patent £30. A clause, contained in tho pa¬ 
tent, will provide for the enrolment of a 
final and complete specification within six 
months of tho day when the application, by 
the deposit of tho first papers, was made.— 
To keep the patent alive, during tho whole 
term of fourteen years, a- payment of £50 
will bo required to be made before the ex- i 
piration of tho third year of protection ; j 
and a further payment of £100 before tho ] 
expiration of tho seventh year. Tho cost I 
of preparing the complete specification, j 
with desci iption of tho invention in detail, 
will depend, as heretofore, on tho nature of j 
tho invention ; and where drawings are used, 
four copies will be required to be deposited! 
The cost of this document, including a fee I 
of £5 on filling the same, is uncertain, but I 
may be set down at from £10 to £30. It | 
should be remarked, that, under the new j 
law, two or more inventions will not be ad- i 
missablo in the same application.— Buffalo j 
Advertiser. 
SHINGLE MACHINE. 
Measures to secure a patent for an irn- j 
proved Shingle Machine have been taken 
by Samuol Bell, of South Hanover, Indiana. 
There are several improvements on this ma¬ 
chine, which is intended to cut shingles to a 
shape superior to those generally used.— 
The form of the shingle is ono of the speci¬ 
fied improvements, and its merit consists in 
making the shingle of an equal thickness for 
one-third of its length, tho remaining two- 
thirds boing taperod, as to its thickness, to 
a point, which is effected by shaving down 
the under side, or that sido of tho shinglo 
which is not exposed to tho weather. 
A sliding frame carries the splitting knife | 
and also the first shaving knife, up to tho I 
block of wood which is to be formed into 
shingles. The shape of the splitting knife 
is peculiar, the cutting edge being concave, ! 
so that tho edges of the shingle are split be- j 
foro the middle part, a plan which roquires I 
less power and works better. Tho before- j 
mentioned sliding frame or carriage is work- I 
ed by means of a double crank, which also j 
serves to impol an apparatus for clearing 
away the shavings from tho first shaving i 
knife and works a vibrating ram that moves j 
tlio shingle forward to undergo the finishing ! 
process, which is accomplished by using two | 
rollers, one of which performs one of the 
three offices of pressing, feeding, and cleav- j 
ing; the other roller is shaped in a peculiar 
manner, being made concentric for ono- | 
third of its diameter, and the remaining 
two-thirds increasing in size in the form of 
an involute curve; in fact it has an eccen¬ 
tric motoin, so that tho shingle, being forc¬ 
ed along between this roller and the finish¬ 
ing knife, is formed to the shapo described. 
Two other rollers then remove and deliver 
tho finished shingle. 
Tho inventor mentions other ingenious 
substitutes for the eccentric roller just de¬ 
scribed, and has many excellent arrange¬ 
ments for tho various requirements of the I 
machine.— Sti. American. 
Gigantic Railroad Bridge in Germany. ! 
—There is a railroad bridge between Leip- j 
sic and Nuremburg, which exceeds anything j 
of tho kind yet constructed. Tho fonnda- j 
tion was laid in 1846. It is built principally 
of brick, sandstone being used in the found- i 
ations. There is a succession of arches one 
above another, having tho appearance of 
collonades, when viewed from a distance.— 
The bridge is 2,050 feet in length, and in 
the centre nearly 3-tM> fest high, extending 
across a deep valley near the town of Hoff. 
At the centre only two arches, ©f nearly 150 
feet in length, spring one itbovo the other. 
Part of the timo 2 : ,000 naen wero employed ! 
upon it, and the work continued over five 
years,. The whole cost of the bridge-mas 
oveir $3,000,000:— Buffalo Courier. 
